Pub Date : 2011-02-21DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746928
M. K. Alaria, P. Mukherjee, R. R. Rao, A. Sinha
In this paper study of cavity and window has been carried out using Ansoft HFSS for Terahertz Gyrotron. Eigen mode analysis of the cavity has been carried out at 1THz. An idea about the operating modes in the cavity of the Gyrotron and obtained the simulated Eigen frequency and field pattern of the modes. The design of window for 1 THz Gyrotron has also been carried out using HFSS. The simulated results have also been compared with CST microwave studio.
{"title":"Analysis of cavity and window for THz Gyrotron","authors":"M. K. Alaria, P. Mukherjee, R. R. Rao, A. Sinha","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746928","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper study of cavity and window has been carried out using Ansoft HFSS for Terahertz Gyrotron. Eigen mode analysis of the cavity has been carried out at 1THz. An idea about the operating modes in the cavity of the Gyrotron and obtained the simulated Eigen frequency and field pattern of the modes. The design of window for 1 THz Gyrotron has also been carried out using HFSS. The simulated results have also been compared with CST microwave studio.","PeriodicalId":106174,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127765367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-21DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746875
Y. Shin, L. Barnett, A. Baig, W. Tsai, N. Luhmann
The device components of 0.22 THz sheet beam TWT amplifier, comprised of a staggered double grating array waveguide, have been designed for broadband THz operation (∼ 30 %) of the fundamental passband (TE-mode). The optimally designed input coupler has ≤1 dB insertion loss at 0.22 THz with ∼ 75 GHz (34 %) 1-dB matching bandwidths. The designed RF window utilizing thin mica provides a coupling bandwidth spanning multiple octaves. The collector is designed to have a jog for collecting the spent beam along the RF path coupled to the output RF-window. Computer simulations show the collector hybridized with a WR-4 window has ∼ 60 GHz matching bandwidth with ∼ −0.5 dB insertion loss at 0.22 THz. The beam focusing structure design, for pulse operation, allows the elliptical sheet beam to have 73 % beam transmission. Most of the TWT circuit components have been designed and currently a full modeling effort is being conducted.
{"title":"0.22 THz sheet beam TWT amplifier: System design and analysis","authors":"Y. Shin, L. Barnett, A. Baig, W. Tsai, N. Luhmann","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746875","url":null,"abstract":"The device components of 0.22 THz sheet beam TWT amplifier, comprised of a staggered double grating array waveguide, have been designed for broadband THz operation (∼ 30 %) of the fundamental passband (TE-mode). The optimally designed input coupler has ≤1 dB insertion loss at 0.22 THz with ∼ 75 GHz (34 %) 1-dB matching bandwidths. The designed RF window utilizing thin mica provides a coupling bandwidth spanning multiple octaves. The collector is designed to have a jog for collecting the spent beam along the RF path coupled to the output RF-window. Computer simulations show the collector hybridized with a WR-4 window has ∼ 60 GHz matching bandwidth with ∼ −0.5 dB insertion loss at 0.22 THz. The beam focusing structure design, for pulse operation, allows the elliptical sheet beam to have 73 % beam transmission. Most of the TWT circuit components have been designed and currently a full modeling effort is being conducted.","PeriodicalId":106174,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133771437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-21DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2011.5747073
Mingguang Huang, B. Hao, Pu-kun Liu, W. Liu, Zi-cheng Wang
Two new Ka-band traveling wave tubes (TWTs), included a narrow band 40W with 50% efficiency and a 26.5–40GHz 100W with 30% efficiency, has been designed and tested at the Institute of Electronic, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IECAS).
{"title":"Development of two Ka-band high efficiency helix-TWTs at IECAS","authors":"Mingguang Huang, B. Hao, Pu-kun Liu, W. Liu, Zi-cheng Wang","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2011.5747073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2011.5747073","url":null,"abstract":"Two new Ka-band traveling wave tubes (TWTs), included a narrow band 40W with 50% efficiency and a 26.5–40GHz 100W with 30% efficiency, has been designed and tested at the Institute of Electronic, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IECAS).","PeriodicalId":106174,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132205167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-21DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746955
N. Kumar, M. Kumar, B. L. Meena, M. Tyagi, A. Sharma, V. Srivastava, U. Pal
Plasma assisted devices are unique source for microwave radiation. This paper presents the simulation results of beam-wave interaction in rippled waveguide SWS for plasma assisted BWO.
{"title":"Analysis of beam-wave interaction in plasma assisted BWO","authors":"N. Kumar, M. Kumar, B. L. Meena, M. Tyagi, A. Sharma, V. Srivastava, U. Pal","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746955","url":null,"abstract":"Plasma assisted devices are unique source for microwave radiation. This paper presents the simulation results of beam-wave interaction in rippled waveguide SWS for plasma assisted BWO.","PeriodicalId":106174,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"165 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134427215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-21DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2011.5747076
A. Andreev, K. Hendricks
The commercial, off-the-shelf (COTS) industrial heating magnetrons are the most powerful non-relativistic Microwave Vacuum Electronic Devices (MVED) operating in the upper part of the UHF band (800–1000 MHz). There are limitations imposed on the magnetron operation by the thermionic cathodes operating in the thermal electron emission mode. Among the most severe limitations are (i) the time the magnetron takes to be ready to operate when necessary (the warm-up time), and (ii) the inability to increase the current without damage in an effort to produce greater microwave power. Recently, the High Power Microwave Division of the Air Force Research Laboratory, Directed Energy Directorate (AFRL/RDH) initiated the project, “Non-thermionic cathode for high power, long pulse, and long lifetime magnetrons.” The project aims at developing a “compact electron emitting cathode capable of re-placing the conventional thermionic source without changing the microwave source operation and eliminating the heater for the thermionic cathode.” This paper presents results of PIC simulations of a strapped non-relativistic UHF magnetron with geometrical and operational parameters similar to those of the high-power industrial heating 915 MHz magnetron, and a helical cathode operating in the explosive electron emission mode producing the maximum available i.e. “space-charge-limited” (SCL) current.
{"title":"ICEPIC simulation of a strapped non-relativistic high-power CW UHF magnetron with a helical cathode operating in the explosive electron emission mode","authors":"A. Andreev, K. Hendricks","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2011.5747076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2011.5747076","url":null,"abstract":"The commercial, off-the-shelf (COTS) industrial heating magnetrons are the most powerful non-relativistic Microwave Vacuum Electronic Devices (MVED) operating in the upper part of the UHF band (800–1000 MHz). There are limitations imposed on the magnetron operation by the thermionic cathodes operating in the thermal electron emission mode. Among the most severe limitations are (i) the time the magnetron takes to be ready to operate when necessary (the warm-up time), and (ii) the inability to increase the current without damage in an effort to produce greater microwave power. Recently, the High Power Microwave Division of the Air Force Research Laboratory, Directed Energy Directorate (AFRL/RDH) initiated the project, “Non-thermionic cathode for high power, long pulse, and long lifetime magnetrons.” The project aims at developing a “compact electron emitting cathode capable of re-placing the conventional thermionic source without changing the microwave source operation and eliminating the heater for the thermionic cathode.” This paper presents results of PIC simulations of a strapped non-relativistic UHF magnetron with geometrical and operational parameters similar to those of the high-power industrial heating 915 MHz magnetron, and a helical cathode operating in the explosive electron emission mode producing the maximum available i.e. “space-charge-limited” (SCL) current.","PeriodicalId":106174,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115649035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-21DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746970
A. V. Aksenchyk, I. F. Kirinovich
Results of calculations one, two and three section TWT on folded rectangular waveguides are presented. It is shown, that gain of multisection TWT can reach 30–60 dB. The analysis of physical processes in such TWTs was carried out, the kind of a mode of self-excitation was defined. It was observed, that band gain depended at the length of drift tubes. Electronic tuning of gain band is possible.
{"title":"Multisection folded waveguide TWT in the range 0,6–3 THZ","authors":"A. V. Aksenchyk, I. F. Kirinovich","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746970","url":null,"abstract":"Results of calculations one, two and three section TWT on folded rectangular waveguides are presented. It is shown, that gain of multisection TWT can reach 30–60 dB. The analysis of physical processes in such TWTs was carried out, the kind of a mode of self-excitation was defined. It was observed, that band gain depended at the length of drift tubes. Electronic tuning of gain band is possible.","PeriodicalId":106174,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115858295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-21DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2011.5747031
D. Busbaher, P. C. Smith, R. LeClair
Dispenser cathodes must operate at specific temperature while applying specific heater power. To achieve the required temperature a wire coil heater is commonly used. During the heater and cathode design process several aspects (structure rigidness, heat transfer path, uniformity of surface temperature distribution, heater and cathode life) have to be taken under consideration which makes the design difficult and costly. This paper offers an insight into study of aluminum-nitride drop-in heater package as a heating element for dispenser cathodes.
{"title":"Thermal management: Use of aluminum-nitride multilayer heaters in dispenser cathodes","authors":"D. Busbaher, P. C. Smith, R. LeClair","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2011.5747031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2011.5747031","url":null,"abstract":"Dispenser cathodes must operate at specific temperature while applying specific heater power. To achieve the required temperature a wire coil heater is commonly used. During the heater and cathode design process several aspects (structure rigidness, heat transfer path, uniformity of surface temperature distribution, heater and cathode life) have to be taken under consideration which makes the design difficult and costly. This paper offers an insight into study of aluminum-nitride drop-in heater package as a heating element for dispenser cathodes.","PeriodicalId":106174,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122963052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-21DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746850
L. Kumar
The vacuum electronic era started with the invention of vacuum diode by JA Fleming in 1904. However, the foundation of microwaves was laid in India much earlier by one of the fathers of radio science-Acharya Jagdish Chandra Bose in 1890's in Calcutta. He used waveguides, horn antenna, dielectric lenses, polarizer's and even semiconductor detector, while working at the 2.5 cm to 5 mm wavelength. Today, the vacuum electronic devices (VEDs) are an essential component of many defense, space, and high energy research and civilian systems employing rf, microwaves, or x-rays or simply high speed switching. Defense systems like Radar, electronic warfare, communication and missile systems; high energy particle accelerators, TeV colliders, fusion reactors, industrial- and domestic-ovens, medical imaging, hyperthermia, high power electric transmission etc. all require VEDs. Presently, India is one among just a dozen countries in the world having the ecosystem of academia, research laboratories production enterprises and a significant domestic market in defense, space, civilian, high energy research and ISM sectors to nurture innovation in these devices.
{"title":"Vacuum electronics in India","authors":"L. Kumar","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746850","url":null,"abstract":"The vacuum electronic era started with the invention of vacuum diode by JA Fleming in 1904. However, the foundation of microwaves was laid in India much earlier by one of the fathers of radio science-Acharya Jagdish Chandra Bose in 1890's in Calcutta. He used waveguides, horn antenna, dielectric lenses, polarizer's and even semiconductor detector, while working at the 2.5 cm to 5 mm wavelength. Today, the vacuum electronic devices (VEDs) are an essential component of many defense, space, and high energy research and civilian systems employing rf, microwaves, or x-rays or simply high speed switching. Defense systems like Radar, electronic warfare, communication and missile systems; high energy particle accelerators, TeV colliders, fusion reactors, industrial- and domestic-ovens, medical imaging, hyperthermia, high power electric transmission etc. all require VEDs. Presently, India is one among just a dozen countries in the world having the ecosystem of academia, research laboratories production enterprises and a significant domestic market in defense, space, civilian, high energy research and ISM sectors to nurture innovation in these devices.","PeriodicalId":106174,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121911614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-21DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746935
A. Latha, R. K. Gupta, S. Ghosh
Traveling-wave tubes (TWTs), used in civil and defence applications, require high power and multi-octave bandwidth rather than high efficiency and hence just a single stage depressed collector is sufficient. However, TWT used in space applications necessarily has to have very high efficiency rather than wide bandwidth. A user friendly multi-stage depressed (MDC) collector design code in MATLAB for high collector efficiency is in progress of development.
{"title":"The analytical model for multi-stage depressed collectors","authors":"A. Latha, R. K. Gupta, S. Ghosh","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746935","url":null,"abstract":"Traveling-wave tubes (TWTs), used in civil and defence applications, require high power and multi-octave bandwidth rather than high efficiency and hence just a single stage depressed collector is sufficient. However, TWT used in space applications necessarily has to have very high efficiency rather than wide bandwidth. A user friendly multi-stage depressed (MDC) collector design code in MATLAB for high collector efficiency is in progress of development.","PeriodicalId":106174,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125906591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-21DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2011.5747084
K. Senthil, S. Mitra, Archana Sharma, K. Nagesh, D. Chakravarthy
In recent years, pulsed power systems have gained importance for the pulsed electron beam generation for industrial and defense applications. High voltage Energy storage capacitors were being used widely worldwide for the pulsed power system in electric field. In case of capacitive energy storage system, the size of the system is decided by capacitor size which depends on dielectric strength and relative permittivity of the dielectric material. Similarly, an inductor can also be used to store energy in magnetic field to generate pulsed power system by making use of an opening switch. This paper discusses the initial experimental results of inductive energy storage pulsed power system being developed in the division.
{"title":"Experimental results of inductive energy storage pulsed power system using exploding wire as an opening switch","authors":"K. Senthil, S. Mitra, Archana Sharma, K. Nagesh, D. Chakravarthy","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2011.5747084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2011.5747084","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, pulsed power systems have gained importance for the pulsed electron beam generation for industrial and defense applications. High voltage Energy storage capacitors were being used widely worldwide for the pulsed power system in electric field. In case of capacitive energy storage system, the size of the system is decided by capacitor size which depends on dielectric strength and relative permittivity of the dielectric material. Similarly, an inductor can also be used to store energy in magnetic field to generate pulsed power system by making use of an opening switch. This paper discusses the initial experimental results of inductive energy storage pulsed power system being developed in the division.","PeriodicalId":106174,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129768351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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