Pub Date : 2011-02-21DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746928
M. K. Alaria, P. Mukherjee, R. R. Rao, A. Sinha
In this paper study of cavity and window has been carried out using Ansoft HFSS for Terahertz Gyrotron. Eigen mode analysis of the cavity has been carried out at 1THz. An idea about the operating modes in the cavity of the Gyrotron and obtained the simulated Eigen frequency and field pattern of the modes. The design of window for 1 THz Gyrotron has also been carried out using HFSS. The simulated results have also been compared with CST microwave studio.
{"title":"Analysis of cavity and window for THz Gyrotron","authors":"M. K. Alaria, P. Mukherjee, R. R. Rao, A. Sinha","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746928","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper study of cavity and window has been carried out using Ansoft HFSS for Terahertz Gyrotron. Eigen mode analysis of the cavity has been carried out at 1THz. An idea about the operating modes in the cavity of the Gyrotron and obtained the simulated Eigen frequency and field pattern of the modes. The design of window for 1 THz Gyrotron has also been carried out using HFSS. The simulated results have also been compared with CST microwave studio.","PeriodicalId":106174,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127765367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-21DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746875
Y. Shin, L. Barnett, A. Baig, W. Tsai, N. Luhmann
The device components of 0.22 THz sheet beam TWT amplifier, comprised of a staggered double grating array waveguide, have been designed for broadband THz operation (∼ 30 %) of the fundamental passband (TE-mode). The optimally designed input coupler has ≤1 dB insertion loss at 0.22 THz with ∼ 75 GHz (34 %) 1-dB matching bandwidths. The designed RF window utilizing thin mica provides a coupling bandwidth spanning multiple octaves. The collector is designed to have a jog for collecting the spent beam along the RF path coupled to the output RF-window. Computer simulations show the collector hybridized with a WR-4 window has ∼ 60 GHz matching bandwidth with ∼ −0.5 dB insertion loss at 0.22 THz. The beam focusing structure design, for pulse operation, allows the elliptical sheet beam to have 73 % beam transmission. Most of the TWT circuit components have been designed and currently a full modeling effort is being conducted.
{"title":"0.22 THz sheet beam TWT amplifier: System design and analysis","authors":"Y. Shin, L. Barnett, A. Baig, W. Tsai, N. Luhmann","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746875","url":null,"abstract":"The device components of 0.22 THz sheet beam TWT amplifier, comprised of a staggered double grating array waveguide, have been designed for broadband THz operation (∼ 30 %) of the fundamental passband (TE-mode). The optimally designed input coupler has ≤1 dB insertion loss at 0.22 THz with ∼ 75 GHz (34 %) 1-dB matching bandwidths. The designed RF window utilizing thin mica provides a coupling bandwidth spanning multiple octaves. The collector is designed to have a jog for collecting the spent beam along the RF path coupled to the output RF-window. Computer simulations show the collector hybridized with a WR-4 window has ∼ 60 GHz matching bandwidth with ∼ −0.5 dB insertion loss at 0.22 THz. The beam focusing structure design, for pulse operation, allows the elliptical sheet beam to have 73 % beam transmission. Most of the TWT circuit components have been designed and currently a full modeling effort is being conducted.","PeriodicalId":106174,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133771437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-21DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2011.5747073
Mingguang Huang, B. Hao, Pu-kun Liu, W. Liu, Zi-cheng Wang
Two new Ka-band traveling wave tubes (TWTs), included a narrow band 40W with 50% efficiency and a 26.5–40GHz 100W with 30% efficiency, has been designed and tested at the Institute of Electronic, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IECAS).
{"title":"Development of two Ka-band high efficiency helix-TWTs at IECAS","authors":"Mingguang Huang, B. Hao, Pu-kun Liu, W. Liu, Zi-cheng Wang","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2011.5747073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2011.5747073","url":null,"abstract":"Two new Ka-band traveling wave tubes (TWTs), included a narrow band 40W with 50% efficiency and a 26.5–40GHz 100W with 30% efficiency, has been designed and tested at the Institute of Electronic, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IECAS).","PeriodicalId":106174,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132205167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-21DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746955
N. Kumar, M. Kumar, B. L. Meena, M. Tyagi, A. Sharma, V. Srivastava, U. Pal
Plasma assisted devices are unique source for microwave radiation. This paper presents the simulation results of beam-wave interaction in rippled waveguide SWS for plasma assisted BWO.
{"title":"Analysis of beam-wave interaction in plasma assisted BWO","authors":"N. Kumar, M. Kumar, B. L. Meena, M. Tyagi, A. Sharma, V. Srivastava, U. Pal","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746955","url":null,"abstract":"Plasma assisted devices are unique source for microwave radiation. This paper presents the simulation results of beam-wave interaction in rippled waveguide SWS for plasma assisted BWO.","PeriodicalId":106174,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"165 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134427215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-21DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746855
Y. Hu, Jinjun Feng, Jun Cai, Yinhua Du, Ye Tang, Xianping Wu
Backward wave oscillation (BWO) and other parasitic oscillation are encountered in the process of manufacturing W-band TWT. In order to eliminate the oscillation, a kind of attenuation material is coated to the folded waveguide wall. This method presents a good performance to enable stable working of the TWT and increase the output power to 15W at the same drive level.
{"title":"Performance enhancement of W-band CW TWT","authors":"Y. Hu, Jinjun Feng, Jun Cai, Yinhua Du, Ye Tang, Xianping Wu","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746855","url":null,"abstract":"Backward wave oscillation (BWO) and other parasitic oscillation are encountered in the process of manufacturing W-band TWT. In order to eliminate the oscillation, a kind of attenuation material is coated to the folded waveguide wall. This method presents a good performance to enable stable working of the TWT and increase the output power to 15W at the same drive level.","PeriodicalId":106174,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132298123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-21DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2011.5747076
A. Andreev, K. Hendricks
The commercial, off-the-shelf (COTS) industrial heating magnetrons are the most powerful non-relativistic Microwave Vacuum Electronic Devices (MVED) operating in the upper part of the UHF band (800–1000 MHz). There are limitations imposed on the magnetron operation by the thermionic cathodes operating in the thermal electron emission mode. Among the most severe limitations are (i) the time the magnetron takes to be ready to operate when necessary (the warm-up time), and (ii) the inability to increase the current without damage in an effort to produce greater microwave power. Recently, the High Power Microwave Division of the Air Force Research Laboratory, Directed Energy Directorate (AFRL/RDH) initiated the project, “Non-thermionic cathode for high power, long pulse, and long lifetime magnetrons.” The project aims at developing a “compact electron emitting cathode capable of re-placing the conventional thermionic source without changing the microwave source operation and eliminating the heater for the thermionic cathode.” This paper presents results of PIC simulations of a strapped non-relativistic UHF magnetron with geometrical and operational parameters similar to those of the high-power industrial heating 915 MHz magnetron, and a helical cathode operating in the explosive electron emission mode producing the maximum available i.e. “space-charge-limited” (SCL) current.
{"title":"ICEPIC simulation of a strapped non-relativistic high-power CW UHF magnetron with a helical cathode operating in the explosive electron emission mode","authors":"A. Andreev, K. Hendricks","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2011.5747076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2011.5747076","url":null,"abstract":"The commercial, off-the-shelf (COTS) industrial heating magnetrons are the most powerful non-relativistic Microwave Vacuum Electronic Devices (MVED) operating in the upper part of the UHF band (800–1000 MHz). There are limitations imposed on the magnetron operation by the thermionic cathodes operating in the thermal electron emission mode. Among the most severe limitations are (i) the time the magnetron takes to be ready to operate when necessary (the warm-up time), and (ii) the inability to increase the current without damage in an effort to produce greater microwave power. Recently, the High Power Microwave Division of the Air Force Research Laboratory, Directed Energy Directorate (AFRL/RDH) initiated the project, “Non-thermionic cathode for high power, long pulse, and long lifetime magnetrons.” The project aims at developing a “compact electron emitting cathode capable of re-placing the conventional thermionic source without changing the microwave source operation and eliminating the heater for the thermionic cathode.” This paper presents results of PIC simulations of a strapped non-relativistic UHF magnetron with geometrical and operational parameters similar to those of the high-power industrial heating 915 MHz magnetron, and a helical cathode operating in the explosive electron emission mode producing the maximum available i.e. “space-charge-limited” (SCL) current.","PeriodicalId":106174,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115649035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-21DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2011.5747067
M. Franzi, R. Gilgenbach, D. French, B. Hoff, Y. Lau, D. Simon, J. Luginsland
The Recirculating Planar Magnetron (RPM) is a novel crossed-field device whose geometry is expected to reduce thermal load, enhance current yield as well as ease the geometric limitations in scaling to high RF frequencies as compared to the conventional cylindrical magnetrons [1]. The RPM has two different adaptations:
{"title":"Recirculating planar magnetrons: Simulations and experiment","authors":"M. Franzi, R. Gilgenbach, D. French, B. Hoff, Y. Lau, D. Simon, J. Luginsland","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2011.5747067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2011.5747067","url":null,"abstract":"The Recirculating Planar Magnetron (RPM) is a novel crossed-field device whose geometry is expected to reduce thermal load, enhance current yield as well as ease the geometric limitations in scaling to high RF frequencies as compared to the conventional cylindrical magnetrons [1]. The RPM has two different adaptations:","PeriodicalId":106174,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"306 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121160108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-21DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746850
L. Kumar
The vacuum electronic era started with the invention of vacuum diode by JA Fleming in 1904. However, the foundation of microwaves was laid in India much earlier by one of the fathers of radio science-Acharya Jagdish Chandra Bose in 1890's in Calcutta. He used waveguides, horn antenna, dielectric lenses, polarizer's and even semiconductor detector, while working at the 2.5 cm to 5 mm wavelength. Today, the vacuum electronic devices (VEDs) are an essential component of many defense, space, and high energy research and civilian systems employing rf, microwaves, or x-rays or simply high speed switching. Defense systems like Radar, electronic warfare, communication and missile systems; high energy particle accelerators, TeV colliders, fusion reactors, industrial- and domestic-ovens, medical imaging, hyperthermia, high power electric transmission etc. all require VEDs. Presently, India is one among just a dozen countries in the world having the ecosystem of academia, research laboratories production enterprises and a significant domestic market in defense, space, civilian, high energy research and ISM sectors to nurture innovation in these devices.
{"title":"Vacuum electronics in India","authors":"L. Kumar","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746850","url":null,"abstract":"The vacuum electronic era started with the invention of vacuum diode by JA Fleming in 1904. However, the foundation of microwaves was laid in India much earlier by one of the fathers of radio science-Acharya Jagdish Chandra Bose in 1890's in Calcutta. He used waveguides, horn antenna, dielectric lenses, polarizer's and even semiconductor detector, while working at the 2.5 cm to 5 mm wavelength. Today, the vacuum electronic devices (VEDs) are an essential component of many defense, space, and high energy research and civilian systems employing rf, microwaves, or x-rays or simply high speed switching. Defense systems like Radar, electronic warfare, communication and missile systems; high energy particle accelerators, TeV colliders, fusion reactors, industrial- and domestic-ovens, medical imaging, hyperthermia, high power electric transmission etc. all require VEDs. Presently, India is one among just a dozen countries in the world having the ecosystem of academia, research laboratories production enterprises and a significant domestic market in defense, space, civilian, high energy research and ISM sectors to nurture innovation in these devices.","PeriodicalId":106174,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121911614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-21DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746970
A. V. Aksenchyk, I. F. Kirinovich
Results of calculations one, two and three section TWT on folded rectangular waveguides are presented. It is shown, that gain of multisection TWT can reach 30–60 dB. The analysis of physical processes in such TWTs was carried out, the kind of a mode of self-excitation was defined. It was observed, that band gain depended at the length of drift tubes. Electronic tuning of gain band is possible.
{"title":"Multisection folded waveguide TWT in the range 0,6–3 THZ","authors":"A. V. Aksenchyk, I. F. Kirinovich","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746970","url":null,"abstract":"Results of calculations one, two and three section TWT on folded rectangular waveguides are presented. It is shown, that gain of multisection TWT can reach 30–60 dB. The analysis of physical processes in such TWTs was carried out, the kind of a mode of self-excitation was defined. It was observed, that band gain depended at the length of drift tubes. Electronic tuning of gain band is possible.","PeriodicalId":106174,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115858295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-21DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746890
C. Ruan, Shuzhong Wang, W. Ruan, Xiaofeng Zhang
In this paper, the development of W-band sheet beam klystron has been introduced with high transmission rate beam and a 2-dimensional code SBK2D calculation. The ellipse cathode and electrode structure is used to form the sheet electron beam with the beam aspect ratio about 25:1. And the uniform magnetic system is used to transport the sheet electron beam with the drift tube length about 100mm. After the sheet beam tube is manufactured, the transmission rate and cross-section experiment are performed. With the beam voltage of 20–82 kV, and beam current of 0.5–4.2A, the transmission rate is more than 98%, and the beam cross-section is about 10×0.5mm2. Then the sheet electron beam wave interaction process with 4 single-gap and 4 multi-gap cavities are calculated using the 2-dimensional code SBK2D based on the rod shape macro-particle model, the 55kW high frequency output with the efficiency of 20% and gain of 40 dB are observed at the frequency of 94.5 GHz.
{"title":"Development of W-band sheet beam klystron with high transmission rate electron optics system","authors":"C. Ruan, Shuzhong Wang, W. Ruan, Xiaofeng Zhang","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746890","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the development of W-band sheet beam klystron has been introduced with high transmission rate beam and a 2-dimensional code SBK2D calculation. The ellipse cathode and electrode structure is used to form the sheet electron beam with the beam aspect ratio about 25:1. And the uniform magnetic system is used to transport the sheet electron beam with the drift tube length about 100mm. After the sheet beam tube is manufactured, the transmission rate and cross-section experiment are performed. With the beam voltage of 20–82 kV, and beam current of 0.5–4.2A, the transmission rate is more than 98%, and the beam cross-section is about 10×0.5mm2. Then the sheet electron beam wave interaction process with 4 single-gap and 4 multi-gap cavities are calculated using the 2-dimensional code SBK2D based on the rod shape macro-particle model, the 55kW high frequency output with the efficiency of 20% and gain of 40 dB are observed at the frequency of 94.5 GHz.","PeriodicalId":106174,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127971111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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