Pub Date : 2011-02-21DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2011.5747086
Priyavandna J. Rathod, V. Anitha, Z. H. Sholapurwala, J. Raval, R. Bahl, Y. Saxena
A Pulse Forming Network (PFN) with mutual coupling has been designed, developed and tested for its performance as a pulsed (∼ 100 µs) high voltage (up to 10 KV) source for washer gun plasma production in SYMPLE (SYstem for Microwave PLasma Experiments). Detailed account of the PFN parameters as well as the test results on plasma discharge production is presented here.
在SYMPLE (SYstem for Microwave plasma Experiments)中，设计、开发并测试了具有互耦合的脉冲形成网络(PFN)作为脉冲(~ 100µs)高压(高达10 KV)源用于洗涤枪等离子体生产的性能。本文详细介绍了PFN参数以及等离子体放电产生的试验结果。
{"title":"Design and testing of a PFN for the washer-gun in SYMPLE","authors":"Priyavandna J. Rathod, V. Anitha, Z. H. Sholapurwala, J. Raval, R. Bahl, Y. Saxena","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2011.5747086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2011.5747086","url":null,"abstract":"A Pulse Forming Network (PFN) with mutual coupling has been designed, developed and tested for its performance as a pulsed (∼ 100 µs) high voltage (up to 10 KV) source for washer gun plasma production in SYMPLE (SYstem for Microwave PLasma Experiments). Detailed account of the PFN parameters as well as the test results on plasma discharge production is presented here.","PeriodicalId":106174,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132651061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-21DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746985
N. Goyal, N. Shrivastav, V. Gahlaut, R. K. Gupta, V. Srivastava, S. Ghosh
Non-conventional 3-stage collector geometry has been designed using EGUN code for high efficiency applications deviating from typical 4-stage depressed collector. Efficiency of this collector is very much similar to 4-stage collector with reduced dimensions, weight, etc, which are very important if such collector is to be used for space applications. Such collector also reduces the complexity of electronic power conditioner (EPC) for the TWT. Practical feasibility for fabrication has also been studied by developing the model in solid-works.
{"title":"A non-conventional multi-stage depressed collector for high efficiency applications","authors":"N. Goyal, N. Shrivastav, V. Gahlaut, R. K. Gupta, V. Srivastava, S. Ghosh","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746985","url":null,"abstract":"Non-conventional 3-stage collector geometry has been designed using EGUN code for high efficiency applications deviating from typical 4-stage depressed collector. Efficiency of this collector is very much similar to 4-stage collector with reduced dimensions, weight, etc, which are very important if such collector is to be used for space applications. Such collector also reduces the complexity of electronic power conditioner (EPC) for the TWT. Practical feasibility for fabrication has also been studied by developing the model in solid-works.","PeriodicalId":106174,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115388643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-21DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2011.5747002
R. Marchesin, A. Beunas, F. Legrand, P. Thouvenin, M. Caplot, E. Boghossian
Thales Electron Devices has been developing and manufacturing 10MW L-band vertical Multi Beam Klystrons (TH1801) for TTF, FLASH and PITZ machines at DESY for more than 10 years. At this point, 8 tubes have been installed at DESY with more than 80 000 hours of cumulated RF operation. All over these years, THALES has been collecting data on MBK tubes behavior which permitted to improve continuously the design margins and reliability. In order to allow horizontal installation in the XFEL tunnel, a horizontal version (TH1802) was fabricated, tested and qualified. The key performance of this tube is its high stability under all various operating conditions.
{"title":"1.3 GHz, 10 MWp long pulse multibeam klystrons: A long heritage and proven reliability","authors":"R. Marchesin, A. Beunas, F. Legrand, P. Thouvenin, M. Caplot, E. Boghossian","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2011.5747002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2011.5747002","url":null,"abstract":"Thales Electron Devices has been developing and manufacturing 10MW L-band vertical Multi Beam Klystrons (TH1801) for TTF, FLASH and PITZ machines at DESY for more than 10 years. At this point, 8 tubes have been installed at DESY with more than 80 000 hours of cumulated RF operation. All over these years, THALES has been collecting data on MBK tubes behavior which permitted to improve continuously the design margins and reliability. In order to allow horizontal installation in the XFEL tunnel, a horizontal version (TH1802) was fabricated, tested and qualified. The key performance of this tube is its high stability under all various operating conditions.","PeriodicalId":106174,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115749384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-21DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746885
M. Kaliski
TWT gain variation over life continues to be of major interest to telecommunication satellite operators. A study was published for IVEC 2007 [1], demonstrating that under certain conditions, such gain change could be detected using available spacecraft level telemetry. This paper provides an update, with two areas of concentration: Area 1: Comparison of measurements in 2011 against the projected performance using data in 2007. Area 2: Evaluation of newer space TWTs to determine if similar trends are seen.
{"title":"An updated evaluation of space TWT gain change over life","authors":"M. Kaliski","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746885","url":null,"abstract":"TWT gain variation over life continues to be of major interest to telecommunication satellite operators. A study was published for IVEC 2007 [1], demonstrating that under certain conditions, such gain change could be detected using available spacecraft level telemetry. This paper provides an update, with two areas of concentration: Area 1: Comparison of measurements in 2011 against the projected performance using data in 2007. Area 2: Evaluation of newer space TWTs to determine if similar trends are seen.","PeriodicalId":106174,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117177134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-21DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746918
Liu Xiao, Pu-kun Liu, Hong-xia Yi, Fei Li
The fundamental method of the design of an ultra-broadband helix traveling wave tube (TWT) with two-section output circuit was analyzed using Pierce small signal theory, and shaped a special helix pitch profile with reduced phase-velocity followed by a positive phase-velocity taper. The slow wave structure with semi-metallic rods, which has good thermal dissipation capability and gives negative dispersion characteristics, was used to reduce the second harmonic content of a wide-band TWT in this paper.
{"title":"The small signal theory assistant analysis of negative-positive phase velocity tapering","authors":"Liu Xiao, Pu-kun Liu, Hong-xia Yi, Fei Li","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746918","url":null,"abstract":"The fundamental method of the design of an ultra-broadband helix traveling wave tube (TWT) with two-section output circuit was analyzed using Pierce small signal theory, and shaped a special helix pitch profile with reduced phase-velocity followed by a positive phase-velocity taper. The slow wave structure with semi-metallic rods, which has good thermal dissipation capability and gives negative dispersion characteristics, was used to reduce the second harmonic content of a wide-band TWT in this paper.","PeriodicalId":106174,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"157 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116463502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-21DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2011.5747033
Xiaolin Jin, Zhonghai Yang, Tao Huang, Xiaofang Zhu, Jianqing Li, Bin Li
The code with quasi-three-dimensional electromagnetic particle-in-cell plus Monte Carlo collision (PIC/MCC) method is developed for the research of ionization process of argon electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) discharge. Monte Carlo techniques are used on a large ensemble of charged particles to ensure accurate representation of the stochastic process. Recent work has focused on the effects of neutral pressure on the characteristics of ECR discharge and ECR plasma.
{"title":"Neutral pressure effects on ionization characteristics of electron cyclotron resonance discharge","authors":"Xiaolin Jin, Zhonghai Yang, Tao Huang, Xiaofang Zhu, Jianqing Li, Bin Li","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2011.5747033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2011.5747033","url":null,"abstract":"The code with quasi-three-dimensional electromagnetic particle-in-cell plus Monte Carlo collision (PIC/MCC) method is developed for the research of ionization process of argon electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) discharge. Monte Carlo techniques are used on a large ensemble of charged particles to ensure accurate representation of the stochastic process. Recent work has focused on the effects of neutral pressure on the characteristics of ECR discharge and ECR plasma.","PeriodicalId":106174,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121962972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-21DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746893
P. G. Chavan, Satish S. Badadhe, I. Mulla, M. More, D. Joag
The CdS nanowires array were grown by thermal evaporation technique on Au patterned silicon substrate. The SEM and TEM are used to analyze surface morphology as well as crystallinity of the as-synthesized CdS nanowires film. The field emission properties of CdS nanowires array were investigated in a parallel plate diode configuration. A high current density of ∼ 68 µA/cm2 has been drawn at the applied electric field of ∼ 5.2 V/μm. The field emission current-time stability measurements depict that the emission current is stable over the period of measurement (3h). The photo-enhanced field emission study shows the photo-switching behavior with rise in the current level to ∼ 3μA for the preset value of ∼ 1μA repetitively.
{"title":"Field emission and photo-enhanced field emission investigations of CdS nanowires array","authors":"P. G. Chavan, Satish S. Badadhe, I. Mulla, M. More, D. Joag","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746893","url":null,"abstract":"The CdS nanowires array were grown by thermal evaporation technique on Au patterned silicon substrate. The SEM and TEM are used to analyze surface morphology as well as crystallinity of the as-synthesized CdS nanowires film. The field emission properties of CdS nanowires array were investigated in a parallel plate diode configuration. A high current density of ∼ 68 µA/cm2 has been drawn at the applied electric field of ∼ 5.2 V/μm. The field emission current-time stability measurements depict that the emission current is stable over the period of measurement (3h). The photo-enhanced field emission study shows the photo-switching behavior with rise in the current level to ∼ 3μA for the preset value of ∼ 1μA repetitively.","PeriodicalId":106174,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128478229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-21DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2011.5747089
R. Kumar, J. Patel, V. Anitha, A. Shyam
A compact generator based on Tesla transformer for application in plasma opening switch has been developed. This system will be used to produce microwave for plasma-microwave interaction studies. Overall dimension of this system is 6 feet by 4 feet. This system is designed to operate with up to 350 kV on water pulsed forming line to generate 75 kA, 40 ns pulse, which further will be compressed in time with the help of plasma opening switch. Operation of generator with VIRCATOR (virtual cathode oscillator) as a load is presented in this paper
研制了一种基于特斯拉变压器的小型等离子体开路发电机。该系统将用于等离子体-微波相互作用研究中产生微波。这个系统的整体尺寸是6英尺乘4英尺。该系统可在高达350 kV的水脉冲成形线上运行，产生75 kA, 40 ns的脉冲，并借助等离子体开孔开关及时压缩。本文介绍了以虚拟阴极振荡器(VIRCATOR)为负载的发电机的工作原理
{"title":"A compact generator based on Tesla transformer and water pulsed forming line for POS application","authors":"R. Kumar, J. Patel, V. Anitha, A. Shyam","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2011.5747089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2011.5747089","url":null,"abstract":"A compact generator based on Tesla transformer for application in plasma opening switch has been developed. This system will be used to produce microwave for plasma-microwave interaction studies. Overall dimension of this system is 6 feet by 4 feet. This system is designed to operate with up to 350 kV on water pulsed forming line to generate 75 kA, 40 ns pulse, which further will be compressed in time with the help of plasma opening switch. Operation of generator with VIRCATOR (virtual cathode oscillator) as a load is presented in this paper","PeriodicalId":106174,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128540031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-21DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746902
Amarjit Singh, W. Herrmannsfeldt, R. Ives
Gyrotron performance can be adversely affected by electrons backscattered from the collector and travelling back to the rf cavity and beyond. They can cause deposition of excessive heat in sensitive areas, and enter high field cavities, causing breakdown or instabilities. They can also become trapped, resulting in loss of mode purity. Avoiding such effects can enhance the reliability, usability and life of the gyrotron. Tailoring of magnetic field configuration offers a possibility of minimizing these adverse effects. A study of this approach is presented here.
{"title":"Minimization of effects of backscattered electrons in gyrotrons with depressed collectors","authors":"Amarjit Singh, W. Herrmannsfeldt, R. Ives","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746902","url":null,"abstract":"Gyrotron performance can be adversely affected by electrons backscattered from the collector and travelling back to the rf cavity and beyond. They can cause deposition of excessive heat in sensitive areas, and enter high field cavities, causing breakdown or instabilities. They can also become trapped, resulting in loss of mode purity. Avoiding such effects can enhance the reliability, usability and life of the gyrotron. Tailoring of magnetic field configuration offers a possibility of minimizing these adverse effects. A study of this approach is presented here.","PeriodicalId":106174,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"438 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131954808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-21DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746892
M. Kirley, B. Novaković, Marcus J. Weber, N. Sule, J. Scharer, I. Knezevic, J. Booske
We report experiments and analysis of field emission from metallic knife-edge cathodes coated with thin film Lanthanum Hexaboride (LaB6), a low work function material (∼2.5 eV). The emission current density is found to depend sensitively on film properties, particularly the thickness of the LaB6 layer. Films thinner than approximately 10 nm greatly enhance the emitted current. However, cathodes coated with a thicker layer of LaB6 are observed to emit less current than the uncoated metallic cathode even though the bare metal cathode possesses a higher work function (> 4 eV). A hypothesis is proposed to explain this surprising experimental finding, and a computational model is developed. This simulation model incorporates field emission as well as solid state electron transport from the metal substrate through the LaB6 thin film, and is found to support the proposed hypothesis and agree with experimental observations.
{"title":"Examination of field emission from Lanthanum Hexaboride coated knife edge cathodes","authors":"M. Kirley, B. Novaković, Marcus J. Weber, N. Sule, J. Scharer, I. Knezevic, J. Booske","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746892","url":null,"abstract":"We report experiments and analysis of field emission from metallic knife-edge cathodes coated with thin film Lanthanum Hexaboride (LaB6), a low work function material (∼2.5 eV). The emission current density is found to depend sensitively on film properties, particularly the thickness of the LaB6 layer. Films thinner than approximately 10 nm greatly enhance the emitted current. However, cathodes coated with a thicker layer of LaB6 are observed to emit less current than the uncoated metallic cathode even though the bare metal cathode possesses a higher work function (> 4 eV). A hypothesis is proposed to explain this surprising experimental finding, and a computational model is developed. This simulation model incorporates field emission as well as solid state electron transport from the metal substrate through the LaB6 thin film, and is found to support the proposed hypothesis and agree with experimental observations.","PeriodicalId":106174,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132098802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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