Pub Date : 2017-12-08DOI: 10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2017.225
C. Lundquist, R. Sukri, F. Metali
Many herbaceous plants native to Malesian perhumid tropical forests are difficult to cultivate long term in traditional (peat, coir and bark) compost mixes. As a result, many appear to be underrepresented in ex situ living plant collections. Under the leaf-litter, lowland rainforest soils are typically surprisingly low in organic content (< 2%) and many of the smaller forest-floor-dwelling plants exist mainly on steep slopes of bare mineral soils with limited leaf-litter cover. By adopting purely inorganic compost media and placing pots in trays of water the wet mineral soils of their natural habitats are replicated and the plants can be cultivated long term with notable ease. The use of wholly inorganic media reduces the incidence of root rot to such an extent that it is suggested that they should be used more often for the cultivation of slow-growing taxa from other regions which are often considered to be ‘difficult’.
{"title":"How Not to Overwater a Rheophyte: Successful Cultivation of 'Difficult' Tropical Rainforest Plants Using Inorganic Compost media","authors":"C. Lundquist, R. Sukri, F. Metali","doi":"10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2017.225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2017.225","url":null,"abstract":"Many herbaceous plants native to Malesian perhumid tropical forests are difficult to cultivate long term in traditional (peat, coir and bark) compost mixes. As a result, many appear to be underrepresented in ex situ living plant collections. Under the leaf-litter, lowland rainforest soils are typically surprisingly low in organic content (< 2%) and many of the smaller forest-floor-dwelling plants exist mainly on steep slopes of bare mineral soils with limited leaf-litter cover. By adopting purely inorganic compost media and placing pots in trays of water the wet mineral soils of their natural habitats are replicated and the plants can be cultivated long term with notable ease. The use of wholly inorganic media reduces the incidence of root rot to such an extent that it is suggested that they should be used more often for the cultivation of slow-growing taxa from other regions which are often considered to be ‘difficult’.","PeriodicalId":106362,"journal":{"name":"Sibbaldia: the Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126134036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-08DOI: 10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2017.220
K. Hughes, D. Lamichhane
The National Botanic Garden of Nepal (NBG) lies 16km south of Kathmandu, at the base of Phulchowki, the highest mountain in the Kathmandu Valley. It was inaugurated in 1962 by King Mahendra and since that time the collections have developed, many of them into named areas and groupings. The year 2016 was the bicentenary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Nepal and Great Britain, and this was marked in the NBG with the development of a Biodiversity Education Garden. This was created in collaboration with the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE), and the occasion signified a revitalisation of collaborative relations between the NBG and British botanic gardens which started in the early 1960s with the appointment to NBG of British horticulturists Geoffrey Herklots and, later, Tony Schilling. The history of the garden, its layout and collections, and the activities and outcomes of the recent collaborations are described and illustrated with colour photographs.
{"title":"The National Botanic Garden of Nepal","authors":"K. Hughes, D. Lamichhane","doi":"10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2017.220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2017.220","url":null,"abstract":"The National Botanic Garden of Nepal (NBG) lies 16km south of Kathmandu, at the base of Phulchowki, the highest mountain in the Kathmandu Valley. It was inaugurated in 1962 by King Mahendra and since that time the collections have developed, many of them into named areas and groupings. The year 2016 was the bicentenary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Nepal and Great Britain, and this was marked in the NBG with the development of a Biodiversity Education Garden. This was created in collaboration with the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE), and the occasion signified a revitalisation of collaborative relations between the NBG and British botanic gardens which started in the early 1960s with the appointment to NBG of British horticulturists Geoffrey Herklots and, later, Tony Schilling. The history of the garden, its layout and collections, and the activities and outcomes of the recent collaborations are described and illustrated with colour photographs.","PeriodicalId":106362,"journal":{"name":"Sibbaldia: the Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133774506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-08DOI: 10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2017.226
David Gray
Deer damage to plants within gardens is a common and widespread problem. Gardens adjacent to habitats with natural deer populations are particularly at risk. This paper provides a brief history and description of various types of deer damage frequently encountered at Benmore Botanic Garden on the west coast of Scotland. Thereafter follows a summary of a localised plant protection system, which has been developed through much experimentation over the last few years, to reduce deer damage to woody plants throughout the Garden.
{"title":"Deer Damage to Woody Plants - the Benmore Solution to Damage Limitation","authors":"David Gray","doi":"10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2017.226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2017.226","url":null,"abstract":"Deer damage to plants within gardens is a common and widespread problem. Gardens adjacent to habitats with natural deer populations are particularly at risk. This paper provides a brief history and description of various types of deer damage frequently encountered at Benmore Botanic Garden on the west coast of Scotland. Thereafter follows a summary of a localised plant protection system, which has been developed through much experimentation over the last few years, to reduce deer damage to woody plants throughout the Garden.","PeriodicalId":106362,"journal":{"name":"Sibbaldia: the Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132448579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-07DOI: 10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2005.106
T. Walker
Timothy Walker joined the staff of the University of Oxford Botanic Garden in August 1980 as a trainee gardener. After short periods of training at Askam Bryan College, Windsor Great Park and RBG Kew he returned to Oxford in January 1986 as General Foreman. In July 1988 he was elected to the Ernest Cook Lecturership in Plant Conservation at Somerville College Oxford. He is now Director of the Garden, a post that involves a mixture of teaching, administration and fund raising.
{"title":"Sibbaldia Guest Essay: Obsession is Good","authors":"T. Walker","doi":"10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2005.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2005.106","url":null,"abstract":"Timothy Walker joined the staff of the University of Oxford Botanic Garden in August 1980 as a trainee gardener. After short periods of training at Askam Bryan College, Windsor Great Park and RBG Kew he returned to Oxford in January 1986 as General Foreman. In July 1988 he was elected to the Ernest Cook Lecturership in Plant Conservation at Somerville College Oxford. He is now Director of the Garden, a post that involves a mixture of teaching, administration and fund raising.","PeriodicalId":106362,"journal":{"name":"Sibbaldia: the Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125074062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-07DOI: 10.24823/sibbaldia.2005.110
Barry Unwin
Logan Botanic Garden, one of the Regional Gardens of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, has a very mild climate when its northerly latitude is considered. This allows the cultivation of a remarkable range of what would normally be described as exotic, semi hardy plants to be grown. This paper describes the species selection, design and development of a newly refurbished part of the garden, the 'Australasian' woodland.
{"title":"Development of the 'Australasian' Woodland at Logan Botanic Garden","authors":"Barry Unwin","doi":"10.24823/sibbaldia.2005.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24823/sibbaldia.2005.110","url":null,"abstract":"Logan Botanic Garden, one of the Regional Gardens of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, has a very mild climate when its northerly latitude is considered. This allows the cultivation of a remarkable range of what would normally be described as exotic, semi hardy plants to be grown. This paper describes the species selection, design and development of a newly refurbished part of the garden, the 'Australasian' woodland.","PeriodicalId":106362,"journal":{"name":"Sibbaldia: the Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130084382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-07DOI: 10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2005.112
S. Helfer
Like many other botanic gardens the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) provides advice about plant pests and diseases to amateur gardeners. This paper summarises the main problem plant categories (such as trees and vegetables), plant problems (such as pests or fungal infection) and other observations, such as number of enquiries by month noted by pathology staff at the Garden over the last twenty years.
{"title":"Plant Health and How it Affects Private Gardens: Experience from a Botanic Garden Pathologist","authors":"S. Helfer","doi":"10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2005.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2005.112","url":null,"abstract":"Like many other botanic gardens the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) provides advice about plant pests and diseases to amateur gardeners. This paper summarises the main problem plant categories (such as trees and vegetables), plant problems (such as pests or fungal infection) and other observations, such as number of enquiries by month noted by pathology staff at the Garden over the last twenty years.","PeriodicalId":106362,"journal":{"name":"Sibbaldia: the Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture","volume":"81 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133818423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-17DOI: 10.23823/Sibbaldia/2016.207
Matthew Taylor
Public gardens can benefit from the introduction of new plants to the horticulture industry. There are many ways to develop and discover new plants in the public garden setting, whether it be through plant breeding, exploration or simply discovering a sport or mutation. The characteristics of plants suitable for the commercial display industry include short time to flower, no day-length requirement, easy and fast propagation, natural branching and inherent short height. Over the last 20 years, the process of plant development and introduction has changed enormously. Now, elements such as strong brands and marketing campaigns, plant patents or plant breeders’ rights, trademarks and the ability of a new plant to thrive in mass production settings are important considerations when making a new plant release. In addition, public gardens must evaluate potential commercial partners to ensure that they get the maximum benefits from the process. This paper describes that process and gives recommendations for some of the key stages with reference to plants released by Longwood Gardens in Philadelphia.
{"title":"Considerations for Commercial Plant Introduction From Public Gardens","authors":"Matthew Taylor","doi":"10.23823/Sibbaldia/2016.207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23823/Sibbaldia/2016.207","url":null,"abstract":"Public gardens can benefit from the introduction of new plants to the horticulture industry. There are many ways to develop and discover new plants in the public garden setting, whether it be through plant breeding, exploration or simply discovering a sport or mutation. The characteristics of plants suitable for the commercial display industry include short time to flower, no day-length requirement, easy and fast propagation, natural branching and inherent short height. Over the last 20 years, the process of plant development and introduction has changed enormously. Now, elements such as strong brands and marketing campaigns, plant patents or plant breeders’ rights, trademarks and the ability of a new plant to thrive in mass production settings are important considerations when making a new plant release. In addition, public gardens must evaluate potential commercial partners to ensure that they get the maximum benefits from the process. This paper describes that process and gives recommendations for some of the key stages with reference to plants released by Longwood Gardens in Philadelphia.","PeriodicalId":106362,"journal":{"name":"Sibbaldia: the Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126063377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-17DOI: 10.23823/Sibbaldia/2016.206
K. Price
In 1990, the renowned plantswoman Valerie Finnis VMH founded the Merlin Trust, a charity that awards travel grants to young horticulturists. Ten years after her death in 2006, the Merlin Trust remains true to her vision, and the ever-growing band of ‘Merlins’ enrich the horticultural world with the knowledge and skills they have gained on their travels. Many of these horticulturists havegone on to work in botanic and physic gardens and this paper gives some examples of these.
{"title":"The Merlin Trust","authors":"K. Price","doi":"10.23823/Sibbaldia/2016.206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23823/Sibbaldia/2016.206","url":null,"abstract":"In 1990, the renowned plantswoman Valerie Finnis VMH founded the Merlin Trust, a charity that awards travel grants to young horticulturists. Ten years after her death in 2006, the Merlin Trust remains true to her vision, and the ever-growing band of ‘Merlins’ enrich the horticultural world with the knowledge and skills they have gained on their travels. Many of these horticulturists havegone on to work in botanic and physic gardens and this paper gives some examples of these.","PeriodicalId":106362,"journal":{"name":"Sibbaldia: the Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123704053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-20DOI: 10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2016.208
Paul P. Smith
Botanic gardens and arboreta offer the opportunity to conserve and manage a wide range of plant diversity ex situ, and in situ in the broader landscape. The rationale that botanic gardens have a major role to play in preventing plant species extinctions is based on the assumptions that (1) there is no technical reason why any plant species should become extinct, and (2) that, as a professional community, botanic gardens possess a unique set of skills that encompass finding, identifying, collecting, conserving and growing plant diversity across the entire taxonomic spectrum. Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) is the pivotal centre of a global network of c. 2,600 botanic gardens and arboreta, which includes living collections representing at least one-third of known plant diversity; world class seed banks, glasshouses and tissue culture infrastructures; and technical knowledge networks covering all aspects of plant conservation. Following the example of the crop conservation community, BGCI is promoting the concept of a cost-effective, rational,botanic garden-centred Global System for the conservation and management of plant diversity.This system will aim to collect, conserve, characterise and cultivate samples from all of the world’s rare and threatened plants as an insurance policy against their extinction in the wild and as a source of plant material for human innovation, adaptation and resilience.
{"title":"Building a Global System for the Conservation of all Plant Diversity","authors":"Paul P. Smith","doi":"10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2016.208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2016.208","url":null,"abstract":"Botanic gardens and arboreta offer the opportunity to conserve and manage a wide range of plant diversity ex situ, and in situ in the broader landscape. The rationale that botanic gardens have a major role to play in preventing plant species extinctions is based on the assumptions that (1) there is no technical reason why any plant species should become extinct, and (2) that, as a professional community, botanic gardens possess a unique set of skills that encompass finding, identifying, collecting, conserving and growing plant diversity across the entire taxonomic spectrum. Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) is the pivotal centre of a global network of c. 2,600 botanic gardens and arboreta, which includes living collections representing at least one-third of known plant diversity; world class seed banks, glasshouses and tissue culture infrastructures; and technical knowledge networks covering all aspects of plant conservation. Following the example of the crop conservation community, BGCI is promoting the concept of a cost-effective, rational,botanic garden-centred Global System for the conservation and management of plant diversity.This system will aim to collect, conserve, characterise and cultivate samples from all of the world’s rare and threatened plants as an insurance policy against their extinction in the wild and as a source of plant material for human innovation, adaptation and resilience.","PeriodicalId":106362,"journal":{"name":"Sibbaldia: the Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134433627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-20DOI: 10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2016.188
J. Donald, P. Maxfield, D. Murray, M. Ellwood
Understanding the ecological patterns and ecosystem processes of tropical rainforest canopies is becoming increasingly urgent in the face of widespread deforestation. However, accessing rainforest canopies is far from simple, and performing manipulative experiments in the canopy is particularly challenging. Botanic gardens provide an ideal ‘halfway house’ between field experiments and controlled laboratory conditions. As an ideal venue for testing equipment and refining ideas, botanic gardens also provide scientists with a direct route to public engagement, and potentially to research impact. Here we describe the ‘fernarium’, an adjustable canopy research platform for the standardisation, manipulation and detailed study of epiphytic bird’s nest ferns (Asplenium nidus) at the Eden Project in Cornwall. The fernarium provides a platform not only for the scientific study of bird’s nest ferns, but for public engagement, science communication and a wider understanding of the urgent environmental issues surrounding tropical rainforests. We include some preliminary results from an experiment in which the microbial community of a fern soil at the Eden Project was found to be similar in composition to that of a fern from lowland tropical rainforest in Malaysian Borneo. This study illustrates how preliminary experiments in an indoor rainforest can inform experimental techniques and procedures fundamental to the scientific study of genuine rainforest canopies.
{"title":"How Tropical Epiphytes at the Eden Project Contribute to Rainforest Canopy Science","authors":"J. Donald, P. Maxfield, D. Murray, M. Ellwood","doi":"10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2016.188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2016.188","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the ecological patterns and ecosystem processes of tropical rainforest canopies is becoming increasingly urgent in the face of widespread deforestation. However, accessing rainforest canopies is far from simple, and performing manipulative experiments in the canopy is particularly challenging. Botanic gardens provide an ideal ‘halfway house’ between field experiments and controlled laboratory conditions. As an ideal venue for testing equipment and refining ideas, botanic gardens also provide scientists with a direct route to public engagement, and potentially to research impact. Here we describe the ‘fernarium’, an adjustable canopy research platform for the standardisation, manipulation and detailed study of epiphytic bird’s nest ferns (Asplenium nidus) at the Eden Project in Cornwall. The fernarium provides a platform not only for the scientific study of bird’s nest ferns, but for public engagement, science communication and a wider understanding of the urgent environmental issues surrounding tropical rainforests. We include some preliminary results \u0000from an experiment in which the microbial community of a fern soil at the Eden Project was found to be similar in composition to that of a fern from lowland tropical rainforest in Malaysian Borneo. This study illustrates how preliminary experiments in an indoor rainforest can inform experimental techniques and procedures fundamental to the scientific study of genuine rainforest canopies.","PeriodicalId":106362,"journal":{"name":"Sibbaldia: the Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126529729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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