Pub Date : 2014-10-29DOI: 10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2014.20
J. Hobbs, R. Stanley
Auckland Botanic Gardens is a relatively young botanic garden that opened in 1982 and covers 64 hectares in Manurewa, South Auckland. The plant collections include both exotic and New Zealand (NZ) native plants. The native plant collections are described and illustrated. The use of native plants for environmental and ecological enhancement is also explained.
{"title":"Garden Profile: Auckland Botanic Gardens","authors":"J. Hobbs, R. Stanley","doi":"10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2014.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2014.20","url":null,"abstract":"Auckland Botanic Gardens is a relatively young botanic garden that opened in 1982 and covers 64 hectares in Manurewa, South Auckland. The plant collections include both exotic and New Zealand (NZ) native plants. The native plant collections are described and illustrated. The use of native plants for environmental and ecological enhancement is also explained.","PeriodicalId":106362,"journal":{"name":"Sibbaldia: the Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115068041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-29DOI: 10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2014.26
Kate Barnard
Saxifraga cespitosa is listed as Endangered on the UK Red List, compiled using IUCN criteria (Cheffings & Farrell, 2005). It is also one of the species listed for conservation priority at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) under Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). The species has been monitored extensively in the past, but there have been limited surveys in recent years. RBGE and the National Botanic Garden of Wales plan to survey all the UK locations of this species to increase information on existing populations and the threats to its survival. The field work and surveys carried out in 2013 are described in this paper and they have proved to be a useful learning experience for developing both staff skills and survey methods. Information on cultivation of the species from seed is also given. A field data sheet is provided as an appendix.
{"title":"Monitoring Populations of Saxifraga cespitosa in Scotland","authors":"Kate Barnard","doi":"10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2014.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2014.26","url":null,"abstract":"Saxifraga cespitosa is listed as Endangered on the UK Red List, compiled using IUCN criteria (Cheffings & Farrell, 2005). It is also one of the species listed for conservation priority at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) under Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). The species has been monitored extensively in the past, but there have been limited surveys in recent years. RBGE and the National Botanic Garden of Wales plan to survey all the UK locations of this species to increase information on existing populations and the threats to its survival. The field work and surveys carried out in 2013 are described in this paper and they have proved to be a useful learning experience for developing both staff skills and survey methods. Information on cultivation of the species from seed is also given. A field data sheet is provided as an appendix.","PeriodicalId":106362,"journal":{"name":"Sibbaldia: the Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115585525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-29DOI: 10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2013.58
I. Mcnaughton
A comparison is made between evolution of the genus Meconopsis through natural selection, which takes a long time, and rapid evolution through polyploidy. The possible formation of the tetraploid Meconopsis grandis from the diploid M. baileyi is considered in detail. The possibility of an extended diploid to hexaploid chromosome series in the ‘Big Blue Poppies’ is discussed. Each component of the series is described. The formation of Meconopsis 'Linghol' as an example of a probable new hexaploid species with its evolution through somatic chromosome doubling is considered in detail. The possibiliity of pentaploids, a new ploidy level or cytotype in the proposed series, is discussed with putative examples. A glossary of terms used is provided.
{"title":"The Importance of Polyploidy in Meconopsis with Particular Reference to the Big Perennial Blue Poppies","authors":"I. Mcnaughton","doi":"10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2013.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2013.58","url":null,"abstract":"A comparison is made between evolution of the genus Meconopsis through natural selection, which takes a long time, and rapid evolution through polyploidy. The possible formation of the tetraploid Meconopsis grandis from the diploid M. baileyi is considered in detail. The possibility of an extended diploid to hexaploid chromosome series in the ‘Big Blue Poppies’ is discussed. Each component of the series is described. The formation of Meconopsis 'Linghol' as an example of a probable new hexaploid species with its evolution through somatic chromosome doubling is considered in detail. The possibiliity of pentaploids, a new ploidy level or cytotype in the proposed series, is discussed with putative examples. A glossary of terms used is provided.","PeriodicalId":106362,"journal":{"name":"Sibbaldia: the Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121993769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-29DOI: 10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2013.61
K. Hughes
{"title":"Advice for contributors to Sibbaldia","authors":"K. Hughes","doi":"10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2013.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2013.61","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":106362,"journal":{"name":"Sibbaldia: the Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123254971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-29DOI: 10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2013.50
N. Frachon
Many botanic gardens and conservation agencies are now cultivating threatened native species specifically for reintroduction programmes in response to the second part of Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). While collection, cultivation and reintroduction techniques are frequently discussed in workshops and described in papers, few seem to have considered the threats of introducing non-native pests, diseases, weeds and hybrids between different populations of the same species. The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh has been cultivating plants for its Target 8 programme since 2005 and now grows 82 per cent threatened Scottish species. It is running active reintroduction programmes for nine of these species with programmes planned for a further five species. In recent years increasing attention has been paid to reducing the risks of introducing non-native organisms and hybrids between different populations of native species into the wild.This paper describes the protocols that have been developed, including verification, screening for pests and diseases, averting spontaneous hybridisation and preparing plants for reintroduction.
{"title":"Plant Health Protocols for the Reintroduction of Native Plants","authors":"N. Frachon","doi":"10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2013.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2013.50","url":null,"abstract":"Many botanic gardens and conservation agencies are now cultivating threatened native species specifically for reintroduction programmes in response to the second part of Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). While collection, cultivation and reintroduction techniques are frequently discussed in workshops and described in papers, few seem to have considered the threats of introducing non-native pests, diseases, weeds and hybrids between different populations of the same species. The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh has been cultivating plants for its Target 8 programme since 2005 and now grows 82 per cent threatened Scottish species. It is running active reintroduction programmes for nine of these species with programmes planned for a further five species. In recent years increasing attention has been paid to reducing the risks of introducing non-native organisms and hybrids between different populations of native species into the wild.This paper describes the protocols that have been developed, including verification, screening for pests and diseases, averting spontaneous hybridisation and preparing plants for reintroduction.","PeriodicalId":106362,"journal":{"name":"Sibbaldia: the Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture","volume":"11 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114133802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-29DOI: 10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2013.57
C. Walker
Most plants have mutualistic symbioses (mycorrhizas) with certain fungi that occupy their roots, the most common of which fall into the category known as arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM). Although most of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are entirely subterranean, some form spore masses or sporocarps sufficiently large to be seen with the unaided eye on the surface of the substrate. During several decades of casual observation in the research greenhouses at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE), such clumps of spores from several species of AMF have been recorded. A brief introduction to mycorrhizas, with an emphasis on AM, is provided. A list of host plants grown in botanic gardens or similar situations from which AMF have been identified is given. The possible value of AMF is discussed in relation to the ‘ecosystems’ that develop in mature botanic garden greenhouses. Ways of using AMF to improve the establishment or growth of plants are discussed, including a suggestion that adequate controls must always be used, particularly when using previously untested commercially available products.
{"title":"Arbuscular Mycorrhiza in the Living Collections at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh","authors":"C. Walker","doi":"10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2013.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2013.57","url":null,"abstract":"Most plants have mutualistic symbioses (mycorrhizas) with certain fungi that occupy their roots, the most common of which fall into the category known as arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM). Although most of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are entirely subterranean, some form spore masses or sporocarps sufficiently large to be seen with the unaided eye on the surface of the substrate. During several decades of casual observation in the research greenhouses at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE), such clumps of spores from several species of AMF have been recorded. A brief introduction to mycorrhizas, with an emphasis on AM, is provided. A list of host plants grown in botanic gardens or similar situations from which AMF have been identified is given. The possible value of AMF is discussed in relation to the ‘ecosystems’ that develop in mature botanic garden greenhouses. Ways of using AMF to improve the establishment or growth of plants are discussed, including a suggestion that adequate controls must always be used, particularly when using previously untested commercially available products.","PeriodicalId":106362,"journal":{"name":"Sibbaldia: the Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126964905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-29DOI: 10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2013.54
R. Unwin
The origins and history of the Lower Woodland Garden at the Royal Botanic Garden at Edinburgh are described along with the rationale for their restoration. The concept of a Stumpery or Rootery a precursor to the Peat Walls, is also described. The method of restoration, reconstruction and replanting of the area is discussed and examples of species planted in the area are given.
{"title":"The Renovation of the Lower Woodland Garden at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh","authors":"R. Unwin","doi":"10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2013.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2013.54","url":null,"abstract":"The origins and history of the Lower Woodland Garden at the Royal Botanic Garden at Edinburgh are described along with the rationale for their restoration. The concept of a Stumpery or Rootery a precursor to the Peat Walls, is also described. The method of restoration, reconstruction and replanting of the area is discussed and examples of species planted in the area are given.","PeriodicalId":106362,"journal":{"name":"Sibbaldia: the Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129109233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-29DOI: 10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2013.55
Ron McEwen
It is well known that a disproportionate number of plant collectors for the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew in the late 18th and 19th centuries were Scottish gardeners. Another important source of plants for Kew in its early days were the specialist London plant nurseries that were run by Scots. Less well known is the preponderance of Scots found in other areas of Kew’s work – gardeners in charge of the botanic garden, curators of various departments and gardeners who transferred to colonial botanic gardens. This Scottish phenomenon was not unique to Kew: it was found in other botanical and non-botanical institutions in London and the provinces. This paper charts the extent of the phenomenon and, on the basis of 18th- and 19th-century sources, analyses its causes.
{"title":"The Northern Lads","authors":"Ron McEwen","doi":"10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2013.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2013.55","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that a disproportionate number of plant collectors for the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew in the late 18th and 19th centuries were Scottish gardeners. Another important source of plants for Kew in its early days were the specialist London plant nurseries that were run by Scots. Less well known is the preponderance of Scots found in other areas of Kew’s work – gardeners in charge of the botanic garden, curators of various departments and gardeners who transferred to colonial botanic gardens. This Scottish phenomenon was not unique to Kew: it was found in other botanical and non-botanical institutions in London and the provinces. This paper charts the extent of the phenomenon and, on the basis of 18th- and 19th-century sources, analyses its causes.","PeriodicalId":106362,"journal":{"name":"Sibbaldia: the Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129650581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-29DOI: 10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2013.51
A. Elliott, Paul Mullany
Sabal bermudana , known as the Sabal palm, is, at over 200 years of age, frequently listed as the oldest living specimen growing at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (Bown, 1992; Fletcher & Brown, 1970; Govier et al ., 2001; Rae, 2011; RBGE, 2012). Edmondson & Rowley (1998) even speculated that the Sabal dated from John Hope’s time as Regius Keeper of RBGE between 1760 and 1786. However, the earliest date most commonly cited is 1822, the year that the plant was transferred, along with much of the collection , from the Leith Walk garden to RBGE’s current site at Inverleith. This article is a summary of its history and cultivation, and offers a description of recent horticultural activities to replace existing supports using novel and possibly unique materials.
Sabal bermuda，又名Sabal palm，年龄超过200岁，经常被列为生长在爱丁堡皇家植物园的最古老的活标本(Bown, 1992;Fletcher & Brown, 1970;Govier et al .， 2001;雷,2011;RBGE, 2012)。Edmondson & Rowley(1998)甚至推测Sabal可以追溯到1760年至1786年John Hope作为RBGE的Regius Keeper时期。然而，最常被引用的最早的日期是1822年，这一年，植物和大部分藏品从利斯步行花园转移到RBGE在因弗利斯的现址。本文概述了它的历史和栽培，并提供了最近园艺活动的描述，以取代现有的支持使用新颖的和可能独特的材料。
{"title":"Sabal bermudana L.H. Bailey (The Sabal Palm): The Oldest Palm at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh","authors":"A. Elliott, Paul Mullany","doi":"10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2013.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2013.51","url":null,"abstract":"Sabal bermudana , known as the Sabal palm, is, at over 200 years of age, frequently listed as the oldest living specimen growing at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (Bown, 1992; Fletcher & Brown, 1970; Govier et al ., 2001; Rae, 2011; RBGE, 2012). Edmondson & Rowley (1998) even speculated that the Sabal dated from John Hope’s time as Regius Keeper of RBGE between 1760 and 1786. However, the earliest date most commonly cited is 1822, the year that the plant was transferred, along with much of the collection , from the Leith Walk garden to RBGE’s current site at Inverleith. This article is a summary of its history and cultivation, and offers a description of recent horticultural activities to replace existing supports using novel and possibly unique materials.","PeriodicalId":106362,"journal":{"name":"Sibbaldia: the Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115977037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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