Pub Date : 2013-10-29DOI: 10.24823/SIBBALDIA.2013.56
Noeleen Smyth
The importance of managing invasive non-native species (INNS), be it through eradication or limitation, is set out in the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) which states that parties to the Convention should ‘prevent, control or eradicate alien species’ (IUCN, 2000). Unfortunately there is some evidence that botanic gardens have been implicated in being responsible for the early introduction of many environmental weeds listed by IUCN as among the worst invasive species (Hulme, 2011). Stronger global networking between botanic gardens to tackle the problem of INNS has been suggested by Hulme. Botanic gardens have a remit to meet Target 10 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) and the European Strategy for Plant Conservation (ESPC) Targets 10.1 and 10.2. The National Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, in conjunction with University College Dublin and Mayo and Fingal County Councils, with grant funding from the Heritage Council, has monitored populations then researched and implemented effective control methods of two escaped garden plants: Hottentot fig ( Carpobrotus edulis (L.) N.E. Br.) and giant rhubarb ( Gunnera tinctoria (Molina) Mirb.) in EU protected habitats and in Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) in Ireland. Chemical treatments were trialled and tested in the field for both species, and successful regeneration of native vegetation in formerly invaded areas has been observed since treatments began in 2009.
{"title":"Implementing Target 10 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation at the National Botanic Gardens of Ireland: Managing Two Invasive Non-Native Species for Plant Diversity in Ireland","authors":"Noeleen Smyth","doi":"10.24823/SIBBALDIA.2013.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24823/SIBBALDIA.2013.56","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of managing invasive non-native species (INNS), be it through eradication or limitation, is set out in the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) which states that parties to the Convention should ‘prevent, control or eradicate alien species’ (IUCN, 2000). Unfortunately there is some evidence that botanic gardens have been implicated in being responsible for the early introduction of many environmental weeds listed by IUCN as among the worst invasive species (Hulme, 2011). Stronger global networking between botanic gardens to tackle the problem of INNS has been suggested by Hulme. Botanic gardens have a remit to meet Target 10 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) and the European Strategy for Plant Conservation (ESPC) Targets 10.1 and 10.2. The National Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, in conjunction with University College Dublin and Mayo and Fingal County Councils, with grant funding from the Heritage Council, has monitored populations then researched and implemented effective control methods of two escaped garden plants: Hottentot fig ( Carpobrotus edulis (L.) N.E. Br.) and giant rhubarb ( Gunnera tinctoria (Molina) Mirb.) in EU protected habitats and in Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) in Ireland. Chemical treatments were trialled and tested in the field for both species, and successful regeneration of native vegetation in formerly invaded areas has been observed since treatments began in 2009.","PeriodicalId":106362,"journal":{"name":"Sibbaldia: the Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124535592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-29DOI: 10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2013.52
H. Yeats
The ginger family, Zingiberaceae, is a pan-tropical family comprising 51 genera and c. 1,200 species predominantly found in Asia and the Pacific regions. The collection at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) has been actively researched since the 1950s (Newman, 2000) and taxonomists from a variety of institutions around the world have discovered, described, verified, named and renamed many taxa within this diverse group of plants. One genus, Etlingera has been extensively worked on recently, with over 30 new species identified from Sulawesi alone and probably between 150 and 200 species altogether within the genus (Poulsen, 2012). A list of the 25 species of Etlingera cultivated at RBGE is provided. Most of these were collected from the wild as seed. Scientific and horticultural field trips to collect members of the ginger family have provided an extensive and ever-expanding unique living research resource and over the last ten years the collection has doubled in size. This paper describes the cultivation of Etlingera at RBGE and discusses some of the features and challenges associated with the genus at RBGE.
{"title":"The History and Cultivation of Etlingera – The Torch Gingers – at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh","authors":"H. Yeats","doi":"10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2013.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2013.52","url":null,"abstract":"The ginger family, Zingiberaceae, is a pan-tropical family comprising 51 genera and c. 1,200 species predominantly found in Asia and the Pacific regions. The collection at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) has been actively researched since the 1950s (Newman, 2000) and taxonomists from a variety of institutions around the world have discovered, described, verified, named and renamed many taxa within this diverse group of plants. One genus, Etlingera has been extensively worked on recently, with over 30 new species identified from Sulawesi alone and probably between 150 and 200 species altogether within the genus (Poulsen, 2012). A list of the 25 species of Etlingera cultivated at RBGE is provided. Most of these were collected from the wild as seed. Scientific and horticultural field trips to collect members of the ginger family have provided an extensive and ever-expanding unique living research resource and over the last ten years the collection has doubled in size. This paper describes the cultivation of Etlingera at RBGE and discusses some of the features and challenges associated with the genus at RBGE.","PeriodicalId":106362,"journal":{"name":"Sibbaldia: the Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133984978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-31DOI: 10.24823/SIBBALDIA.2012.68
Berta Millàs Xancó, Jaime V. Aguilar, G. Kenicer, H. Mchaffie
Orchidaceae is one of the most diverse flowering plant families in the world, occupying a diverse range of habitats from epiphytes to terrestrial forms. It is also one of the most vulnerable to changes in land use because of its complex ecological requirements. In nature, orchid seed will only grow if infected with a compatible fungus which provides all the carbohydrates and nutrients needed for its development. This mycotrophic mode of nourishment can persist underground for years in some orchids, which makes them difficult to observe in the wild. Understanding their behaviour is essential for their successful propagation and conservation. In an investigation looking into conservation and propagation, turves were lifted from wild populations of two rare Scottish orchid species in order to ensure the best possible association between these species and their growing environment. A combined in vitro experiment was set up for the wild harvested seeds under different media to compare their effects. Two different successful ex situ conservation methods for Dactylorhiza ebudensis and D. traunsteinerioides are presented.
{"title":"Establishing Ex Situ Conservation Methods for Dactylorhiza ebudensis and D. traunsteinerioides, a Combination of In Situ Turf Removal and In Vitro Germinations","authors":"Berta Millàs Xancó, Jaime V. Aguilar, G. Kenicer, H. Mchaffie","doi":"10.24823/SIBBALDIA.2012.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24823/SIBBALDIA.2012.68","url":null,"abstract":"Orchidaceae is one of the most diverse flowering plant families in the world, occupying a diverse range of habitats from epiphytes to terrestrial forms. It is also one of the most vulnerable to changes in land use because of its complex ecological requirements. In nature, orchid seed will only grow if infected with a compatible fungus which provides all the carbohydrates and nutrients needed for its development. This mycotrophic mode of nourishment can persist underground for years in some orchids, which makes them difficult to observe in the wild. Understanding their behaviour is essential for their successful propagation and conservation. In an investigation looking into conservation and propagation, turves were lifted from wild populations of two rare Scottish orchid species in order to ensure the best possible association between these species and their growing environment. A combined in vitro experiment was set up for the wild harvested seeds under different media to compare their effects. Two different successful ex situ conservation methods for Dactylorhiza ebudensis and D. traunsteinerioides are presented.","PeriodicalId":106362,"journal":{"name":"Sibbaldia: the Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121097019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-31DOI: 10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2012.67
R. Crichton, S. Dalrymple, P. Hollingsworth
Small cow-wheat is an annual, hemiparasitic plant that is endangered in the UK. Attempts at restoration have been hampered by a lack of species-specific horticultural knowledge. This paper outlines the methods used to collect, store and germinate small cow-wheat seed, and to cultivate the plant at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. The germination rates achieved using two different approaches are reported and the factors potentially influencing germination and establishment success are discussed.
{"title":"Horticultural Protocols to Aid the Conservation of Melampyrum sylvaticum, Orobanchaceae (Small Cow-Wheat), an Endangered Hemiparasitic Plant","authors":"R. Crichton, S. Dalrymple, P. Hollingsworth","doi":"10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2012.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2012.67","url":null,"abstract":"Small cow-wheat is an annual, hemiparasitic plant that is endangered in the UK. Attempts at restoration have been hampered by a lack of species-specific horticultural knowledge. This paper outlines the methods used to collect, store and germinate small cow-wheat seed, and to cultivate the plant at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. The germination rates achieved using two different approaches are reported and the factors potentially influencing germination and establishment success are discussed.","PeriodicalId":106362,"journal":{"name":"Sibbaldia: the Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128181612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-31DOI: 10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2012.84
R. Mill
The results of recording wildlife at the Edinburgh site of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) are presented in partial fulfilment of the Garden’s obligation to deliver the Scottish Biodiversity Duty. So far, 383 animal species (94 birds, 6 mammals, 3 amphibians, 15 butterflies, 79 moths, 48 hymenopterans, 52 hoverflies, 7 dragonflies and damselflies, 48 other insects, 5 spiders, 8 gall-forming mites, 12 rotifers, 5 cladocerans and 1 copepod) have been recorded. Tables giving lists of the various animal groups are presented. Half of the 103 vertebrates are listed in national Red Lists, the Scottish Biodiversity List or the Edinburgh Local Biodiversity Action PlanList of Notable Species.
{"title":"Biodiversity Recording at Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh","authors":"R. Mill","doi":"10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2012.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2012.84","url":null,"abstract":"The results of recording wildlife at the Edinburgh site of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) are presented in partial fulfilment of the Garden’s obligation to deliver the Scottish Biodiversity Duty. So far, 383 animal species (94 birds, 6 mammals, 3 amphibians, 15 butterflies, 79 moths, 48 hymenopterans, 52 hoverflies, 7 dragonflies and damselflies, 48 other insects, 5 spiders, 8 gall-forming mites, 12 rotifers, 5 cladocerans and 1 copepod) have been recorded. Tables giving lists of the various animal groups are presented. Half of the 103 vertebrates are listed in national Red Lists, the Scottish Biodiversity List or the Edinburgh Local Biodiversity Action PlanList of Notable Species.","PeriodicalId":106362,"journal":{"name":"Sibbaldia: the Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129644521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-31DOI: 10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2012.69
A. Roberts
Observations were made weekly over a period of 30 years of 208 species (trees, shrubs, herbaceous plants and geophytes) from more than 1,000 growing in a garden located 18km east of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE), Scotland (lat. 55o 56ʹN: long. 3o 09ʹW). Of these species, 27 were British native or naturalised. The First Flowering Dates (FFD) of 67 species were without significant temperature association with variable weather; the FFDs of the other 141 species reflected, in contrast, the net outcome of ‘major’ associations with late winter/spring temperatures and smaller impacts of autumn/early winter temperatures. Increases in late winter and spring temperatures advanced the onset of flowering in the current year; in contrast, increases in autumn and early winter temperatures tended to be associated with delayed flowering in the following year. With stepwise regression, penalised signal regression and thermal-time models, it was possible to identify species with ‘strong’ associations with both air and soil temperatures and species with ‘weak’ associations with either air or soil temperatures. Thermal-time models for each of 120 species, whose FFDs were associated with temperature, enabled the characterisation of (1) base temperatures, Tb(°C), at, and above which, development towards open flowers is possible; and (2) thermal constants (degree days accumulated between the start of development and the onset of flowering). Together these attributes suggested that each base temperature cohort has species with widely different degree-day requirements. Between 1978 and 2007 mean air temperatures significantly increased by 0.080°C, 0.044°C and 0.026°C yrˉ¹ in the first, second and third quarters; soil temperatures increased by 0.060oCyrˉ¹in the first quarter. Over the 30-year period, the trends in flowering showed the early (February/March) flowering species flowering c. 24 days sooner; the later flowering species (April/May) advanced by only c. 12 days.
{"title":"ONSET OF FLOWERING IN BIENNIAL AND PERENNIAL GARDEN PLANTS: ASSOCIATION WITH VARIABLE WEATHER AND CHANGING CLIMATE BETWEEN 1978 AND 2007","authors":"A. Roberts","doi":"10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2012.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2012.69","url":null,"abstract":"Observations were made weekly over a period of 30 years of 208 species (trees, shrubs, herbaceous plants and geophytes) from more than 1,000 growing in a garden located 18km east of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE), Scotland (lat. 55o 56ʹN: long. 3o 09ʹW). Of these species, 27 were British native or naturalised. The First Flowering Dates (FFD) of 67 species were without significant temperature association with variable weather; the FFDs of the other 141 species reflected, in contrast, the net outcome of ‘major’ associations with late winter/spring temperatures and smaller impacts of autumn/early winter temperatures. Increases in late winter and spring temperatures advanced the onset of flowering in the current year; in contrast, increases in autumn and early winter temperatures tended to be associated with delayed flowering in the following year. With stepwise regression, penalised signal regression and thermal-time models, it was possible to identify species with ‘strong’ associations with both air and soil temperatures and species with ‘weak’ associations with either air or soil temperatures. Thermal-time models for each of 120 species, whose FFDs were associated with temperature, enabled the characterisation of (1) base temperatures, Tb(°C), at, and above which, development towards open flowers is possible; and (2) thermal constants (degree days accumulated between the start of development and the onset of flowering). Together these attributes suggested that each base temperature cohort has species with widely different degree-day requirements. Between 1978 and 2007 mean air temperatures significantly increased by 0.080°C, 0.044°C and 0.026°C yrˉ¹ in the first, second and third quarters; soil temperatures increased by 0.060oCyrˉ¹in the first quarter. Over the 30-year period, the trends in flowering showed the early (February/March) flowering species flowering c. 24 days sooner; the later flowering species (April/May) advanced by only c. 12 days.","PeriodicalId":106362,"journal":{"name":"Sibbaldia: the Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117280795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-31DOI: 10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2012.66
Emory Griffin-Noyes
Since 2007 staff at Limahuli Preserve have been developing practices to effectively reintroduce native plants into a highly degraded environment, creating a forest high in diversity and a safe habitat for some of the rarest plant species on the planet. Initial efforts were focused on the Limahuli Valley and limited progress was made because of the exposed conditions and prevalence of weed species. Relocation of the project to areas with tree cover has resulted in greater success. These successes have been built on to extend the project to the reintroduction of rare and endangered species. The methods used to transform a habitat where non-native and weed species dominate to one in which native, including endangered, species thrive is described. The value of staff with horticultural knowledge and experience of the habitat and climate is stated and ideas for the future of the habitat at Limahuli Preserve are given.
{"title":"Observations made while recreating a native Hawaiian forest","authors":"Emory Griffin-Noyes","doi":"10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2012.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2012.66","url":null,"abstract":"Since 2007 staff at Limahuli Preserve have been developing practices to effectively reintroduce native plants into a highly degraded environment, creating a forest high in diversity and a safe habitat for some of the rarest plant species on the planet. Initial efforts were focused on the Limahuli Valley and limited progress was made because of the exposed conditions and prevalence of weed species. Relocation of the project to areas with tree cover has resulted in greater success. These successes have been built on to extend the project to the reintroduction of rare and endangered species. The methods used to transform a habitat where non-native and weed species dominate to one in which native, including endangered, species thrive is described. The value of staff with horticultural knowledge and experience of the habitat and climate is stated and ideas for the future of the habitat at Limahuli Preserve are given.","PeriodicalId":106362,"journal":{"name":"Sibbaldia: the Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture","volume":"46 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129234583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-31DOI: 10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2012.86
Patricia Clifford
{"title":"Short Note: How to make fertiliser balls for aquatic plants","authors":"Patricia Clifford","doi":"10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2012.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2012.86","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":106362,"journal":{"name":"Sibbaldia: the Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133787195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-31DOI: 10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2011.126
Geoffrey Harper, Elizabeth Rogers
Results from year-round weekly monitoring of 93 taxa (179 accessions) at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) are presented in the form of flowering curves. These are provisionally grouped into classes, and hypotheses are suggested to explain the different patterns. Attention is drawn to a prominent ‘summer gap’ in flowering in some species, and possible explanations for the gap are discussed.
{"title":"Flowering curves and the summer-gap mystery","authors":"Geoffrey Harper, Elizabeth Rogers","doi":"10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2011.126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23823/SIBBALDIA/2011.126","url":null,"abstract":"Results from year-round weekly monitoring of 93 taxa (179 accessions) at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) are presented in the form of flowering curves. These are provisionally grouped into classes, and hypotheses are suggested to explain the different patterns. Attention is drawn to a prominent ‘summer gap’ in flowering in some species, and possible explanations for the gap are discussed.","PeriodicalId":106362,"journal":{"name":"Sibbaldia: the Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114912522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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