A. Myrbo, D. Vogt, N. Schuldt, T. Howes, R. Schirmer, K. Diver
Led by Native American resource managers, we have convened a working group across 20+ tribal entities in the north-central United States, with the goal of building consensus around the use of sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) to detect deep-past and recent populations of wild rice (manoomin in Ojibwe, psiŋ in Dakota, Zizania palustris and Z. aquatica) using lake sediment cores. Wild rice is of extremely high cultural and spiritual importance to many Indigenous people of the Laurentian Great Lakes region, as well as being a valuable traditional food and providing important habitat for waterfowl and other organisms. Because of its importance, any research involving wild rice must be tribally led, and outcomes designed to benefit the tribes (e.g., Matson et al. 2020). Wild rice is threatened by environmental degradation due to industrial processes and agriculture, so its protection can be a contentious regulatory and political issue in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan, involving tribal, state, and federal agencies. The wild rice paleorecord has tremendous potential for detecting and tracking past changes in wild rice distributions. Until recently, however, proxies for wild rice were either ineffective (pollen, seeds), or low-throughput and thus not scalable to region-wide use (phytoliths). SedaDNA would supplement Indigenous knowledge and Western scientific methods to inform conservation, management, designation for protection, and the enhancement of cultural and historical records. In this presentation, we will describe how we are synthesizing output from facilitated online meetings with and presentations to tribal resource managers into a white paper providing guidance from these sovereign Nations to academic researchers, agencies, and policymakers on restrictions on the utilization of sedaDNA of wild rice, the leadership roles tribal entities should take in all research, and tribal priorities for the application of this technique.
在美洲原住民资源管理人员的带领下，我们召集了一个工作组，跨越美国中北部的20多个部落实体，目标是就使用沉积古DNA (sedaDNA)来探测过去和最近的野生稻(Ojibwe的manoomin, Dakota的psiu, Zizania palustris和Z. aquatica)的湖泊沉积物岩心达成共识。野生稻对劳伦森五大湖地区的许多土著人民具有极高的文化和精神重要性，也是一种宝贵的传统食物，并为水禽和其他生物提供了重要的栖息地。由于其重要性，任何涉及野生水稻的研究都必须由部落主导，并且结果的设计要有利于部落(例如，Matson et al. 2020)。野生水稻受到工业生产和农业生产造成的环境退化的威胁，因此在明尼苏达州、威斯康星州和密歇根州，野生水稻的保护可能是一个有争议的监管和政治问题，涉及部落、州和联邦机构。野生稻古记录在探测和追踪野生稻分布变化方面具有巨大的潜力。然而，直到最近，野生稻的代用物要么是无效的(花粉、种子)，要么是低通量的，因此不能扩展到区域范围内的使用(植物岩)。SedaDNA将补充土著知识和西方科学方法，为保护、管理、指定保护和加强文化和历史记录提供信息。在本次演讲中，我们将描述我们如何将与部落资源管理者的在线会议和演讲的成果综合成一份白皮书，为这些主权国家向学术研究人员、机构和政策制定者提供指导，内容涉及野生水稻sedaDNA利用的限制、部落实体在所有研究中应发挥的领导作用以及部落应用该技术的优先事项。
{"title":"Tribally-Led Consultation on the Ethical Use of Sedimentary Ancient DNA for a Culturally Important Plant: Manoomin, Psin, Zizania (Wild Rice)","authors":"A. Myrbo, D. Vogt, N. Schuldt, T. Howes, R. Schirmer, K. Diver","doi":"10.58782/flmnh.xhge9262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58782/flmnh.xhge9262","url":null,"abstract":"Led by Native American resource managers, we have convened a working group across 20+ tribal entities in the north-central United States, with the goal of building consensus around the use of sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) to detect deep-past and recent populations of wild rice (manoomin in Ojibwe, psiŋ in Dakota, Zizania palustris and Z. aquatica) using lake sediment cores. Wild rice is of extremely high cultural and spiritual importance to many Indigenous people of the Laurentian Great Lakes region, as well as being a valuable traditional food and providing important habitat for waterfowl and other organisms. Because of its importance, any research involving wild rice must be tribally led, and outcomes designed to benefit the tribes (e.g., Matson et al. 2020). Wild rice is threatened by environmental degradation due to industrial processes and agriculture, so its protection can be a contentious regulatory and political issue in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan, involving tribal, state, and federal agencies. The wild rice paleorecord has tremendous potential for detecting and tracking past changes in wild rice distributions. Until recently, however, proxies for wild rice were either ineffective (pollen, seeds), or low-throughput and thus not scalable to region-wide use (phytoliths). SedaDNA would supplement Indigenous knowledge and Western scientific methods to inform conservation, management, designation for protection, and the enhancement of cultural and historical records. In this presentation, we will describe how we are synthesizing output from facilitated online meetings with and presentations to tribal resource managers into a white paper providing guidance from these sovereign Nations to academic researchers, agencies, and policymakers on restrictions on the utilization of sedaDNA of wild rice, the leadership roles tribal entities should take in all research, and tribal priorities for the application of this technique.","PeriodicalId":106523,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History","volume":"59 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120992398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthew J. Pruden, Jansen A. Smith, J. Handley, Stephen R. Durham, G. Dietl
Incorporating paleontological data into the methods and formats familiar to conservation practitioners may facilitate greater use of paleontological data in conservation practice. Benthic indices (e.g., Multivariate-AZTI Marine Biotic Index; M-AMBI) utilize reference conditions for monitoring ecological conditions. However, reference conditions from monitoring records are limited in temporal scope and often represent degraded conditions, which can cause inaccurate assessments of ecological quality. Paleontological data, such as molluscan death assemblages, have potential to provide long-term, location-specific reference conditions, which are otherwise inaccessible to decision-makers. Here we use simulations of living communities under constant and changing environmental conditions to evaluate the capacity of death assemblage reference conditions to replicate M-AMBI values when used in place of reference conditions from the living communities. Reference conditions from all death assemblage scenarios successfully replicated correct remediation decisions in most simulation runs with environmental change and stability. Variations in M-AMBI values were due to overestimated species richness and Shannon entropy values in the death assemblages and effects of changes to these parameters varied across scenarios. Time averaging was largely beneficial, particularly when environmental change occurred, and short-term observations of the living communities produced incorrect remediation decisions. When the duration of time averaging is known, death assemblages can provide valuable longer-term perspectives with the potential to outperform temporally constrained baseline information from monitoring the living community.
{"title":"Using Simulations to Evaluate the Utility of Geohistorical Reference Conditions for Assessing Ecological Quality","authors":"Matthew J. Pruden, Jansen A. Smith, J. Handley, Stephen R. Durham, G. Dietl","doi":"10.58782/flmnh.xhsu8871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58782/flmnh.xhsu8871","url":null,"abstract":"Incorporating paleontological data into the methods and formats familiar to conservation practitioners may facilitate greater use of paleontological data in conservation practice. Benthic indices (e.g., Multivariate-AZTI Marine Biotic Index; M-AMBI) utilize reference conditions for monitoring ecological conditions. However, reference conditions from monitoring records are limited in temporal scope and often represent degraded conditions, which can cause inaccurate assessments of ecological quality. Paleontological data, such as molluscan death assemblages, have potential to provide long-term, location-specific reference conditions, which are otherwise inaccessible to decision-makers. Here we use simulations of living communities under constant and changing environmental conditions to evaluate the capacity of death assemblage reference conditions to replicate M-AMBI values when used in place of reference conditions from the living communities. Reference conditions from all death assemblage scenarios successfully replicated correct remediation decisions in most simulation runs with environmental change and stability. Variations in M-AMBI values were due to overestimated species richness and Shannon entropy values in the death assemblages and effects of changes to these parameters varied across scenarios. Time averaging was largely beneficial, particularly when environmental change occurred, and short-term observations of the living communities produced incorrect remediation decisions. When the duration of time averaging is known, death assemblages can provide valuable longer-term perspectives with the potential to outperform temporally constrained baseline information from monitoring the living community.","PeriodicalId":106523,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121297889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A persistent challenge for conservation paleobiologists is communication of information on past environmental changes to resource managers in a way that allows them to apply these data to current restoration efforts. USGS scientists have learned a few lessons over 25 years of conducting applied paleoecology research in collaboration with the Greater Everglades Ecosystem Restoration (GEER) project. The first step is to engage resource managers in conversations prior to beginning research. What are their goals and information needs? Participation in GEER with teams of scientists and decision-makers working together to develop measures of success for Everglades restoration allowed us to overcome this first hurdle. Our initial research showed changes in salinity and freshwater influx over time, but how to use this information was not immediately apparent to management, so continued communication was critical. Through participation in meetings and presentation of our preliminary findings, the management team provided feedback that led us to develop a modern analog-based method to estimate past salinity, which was then used to adjust system-wide hydrologic models to reflect past conditions. Recently, we realized another management information gap — a set of indicator species for nearshore estuarine zones to monitor the effectiveness of upstream changes in flow. Again, by working with managers to determine needs, we combined distribution data of mollusk species in nearshore cores with our modern analog dataset to develop a suite of indicator species. These are a few examples of positive impacts from our long-term collaboration. We believe the key to advancing the use of conservation paleobiologic research in resource management is to communicate frequently and often, listen closely to management, discuss how paleo data can be applied, and be persistent. It is essential that we bridge these gaps because the past is our window to anticipating and planning for future change.
{"title":"Bridging the Gap Between Conservation Paleobiology and Resource Management: Recognizing the Past is the Key to the Future","authors":"G. Wingard, B. Stackhouse","doi":"10.58782/flmnh.aqkx3378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58782/flmnh.aqkx3378","url":null,"abstract":"A persistent challenge for conservation paleobiologists is communication of information on past environmental changes to resource managers in a way that allows them to apply these data to current restoration efforts. USGS scientists have learned a few lessons over 25 years of conducting applied paleoecology research in collaboration with the Greater Everglades Ecosystem Restoration (GEER) project. The first step is to engage resource managers in conversations prior to beginning research. What are their goals and information needs? Participation in GEER with teams of scientists and decision-makers working together to develop measures of success for Everglades restoration allowed us to overcome this first hurdle. Our initial research showed changes in salinity and freshwater influx over time, but how to use this information was not immediately apparent to management, so continued communication was critical. Through participation in meetings and presentation of our preliminary findings, the management team provided feedback that led us to develop a modern analog-based method to estimate past salinity, which was then used to adjust system-wide hydrologic models to reflect past conditions. Recently, we realized another management information gap — a set of indicator species for nearshore estuarine zones to monitor the effectiveness of upstream changes in flow. Again, by working with managers to determine needs, we combined distribution data of mollusk species in nearshore cores with our modern analog dataset to develop a suite of indicator species. These are a few examples of positive impacts from our long-term collaboration. We believe the key to advancing the use of conservation paleobiologic research in resource management is to communicate frequently and often, listen closely to management, discuss how paleo data can be applied, and be persistent. It is essential that we bridge these gaps because the past is our window to anticipating and planning for future change.","PeriodicalId":106523,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123025689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
How is parasitism likely to respond to anthropogenic global change? Digenean trematode prevalence among bivalve mollusk hosts in multiple coastal environments has been linked to sea-level rise on centennial and millennial time scales. Previous efforts have ruled out the influence of changing diversity, community structure, taphonomy, and salinity (fossil-based proxy) on this pattern but, until recently, we have not been able to address the role of other abiotic environmental factors. Here we present the results of stable isotope analyses (δ18O and δ13C) of the shallow marine bivalve Chamelea gallina from the Holocene and modern northern Adriatic (Italy) and trace element analysis of the estuarine bivalves Potamocorbula amurensis and Corbicula formosana from the Holocene Pearl River (China) delta using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Generalized Linear Models (GLM) of 1,297 δ18O and δ13C analyses from 57 C. gallina valves derived from 11 modern death assemblages and four Holocene core samples reveal that elevated trematode prevalence is associated with relatively negative δ18O values, relatively positive δ13C values, and a high correlation between δ18O and δ13C values. We interpret this to mean that trematode prevalence is higher during warm temperatures with minimal freshwater influence. GLMs of 3,295 LA-ICP-MS spot analyses on 48 valves from the two estuarine species (a separate GLM for each taxon), derived from 12 cored samples from Pearl River deposits, reveal a strong association between trematode prevalence and elevated Ba/Ca ratios and low species richness, which we interpret as high parasitic infestation of an oligotypic community in hypoxia-dominated environments. Taken together, the results suggest that parasitic patterns are linked to sea-level rise and geochemical insights point toward case-specific causal factors that are going to be more widespread due to anthropogenic climate change.
{"title":"Parasite Dynamics: One Pattern and Multiple Possible Causes","authors":"J. Huntley, D. Scarponi","doi":"10.58782/flmnh.dzfe6064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58782/flmnh.dzfe6064","url":null,"abstract":"How is parasitism likely to respond to anthropogenic global change? Digenean trematode prevalence among bivalve mollusk hosts in multiple coastal environments has been linked to sea-level rise on centennial and millennial time scales. Previous efforts have ruled out the influence of changing diversity, community structure, taphonomy, and salinity (fossil-based proxy) on this pattern but, until recently, we have not been able to address the role of other abiotic environmental factors. Here we present the results of stable isotope analyses (δ18O and δ13C) of the shallow marine bivalve Chamelea gallina from the Holocene and modern northern Adriatic (Italy) and trace element analysis of the estuarine bivalves Potamocorbula amurensis and Corbicula formosana from the Holocene Pearl River (China) delta using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Generalized Linear Models (GLM) of 1,297 δ18O and δ13C analyses from 57 C. gallina valves derived from 11 modern death assemblages and four Holocene core samples reveal that elevated trematode prevalence is associated with relatively negative δ18O values, relatively positive δ13C values, and a high correlation between δ18O and δ13C values. We interpret this to mean that trematode prevalence is higher during warm temperatures with minimal freshwater influence. GLMs of 3,295 LA-ICP-MS spot analyses on 48 valves from the two estuarine species (a separate GLM for each taxon), derived from 12 cored samples from Pearl River deposits, reveal a strong association between trematode prevalence and elevated Ba/Ca ratios and low species richness, which we interpret as high parasitic infestation of an oligotypic community in hypoxia-dominated environments. Taken together, the results suggest that parasitic patterns are linked to sea-level rise and geochemical insights point toward case-specific causal factors that are going to be more widespread due to anthropogenic climate change.","PeriodicalId":106523,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History","volume":"286 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131508385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human activities have increased nutrient delivery to aquatic ecosystems around the world, spurring primary productivity, and leading to the establishment and expansion of oxygen-limited “dead zones.” How will marine animals respond to these changing conditions? To address that question, we take a space-for-time approach and compare the traits of different marine invertebrates along a primary productivity gradient in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Previous studies have found that life history traits can be sensitive to prevailing environmental conditions. Using Holocene death assemblages collected from -20 meters offshore Alabama and Florida, we test the hypothesis that bivalve egg size, and bryozoan reproductive mode, vary with primary productivity. Based on previous studies, we expect populations in areas with an abundance of food to exhibit the following characteristics: 1) cupuladriid bryozoans will exhibit greater frequencies of clonal to aclonal reproduction; and 2) bivalves will produce smaller eggs due to greater juvenile survivorship and fecundity selection. We found that Discoporella depressa colonies show low frequencies of clonal reproduction overall, but that percent clonality was greater in coastal Alabama than Florida. Cupuladria colonies showed higher proportions of clonal reproduction, whereas Reussirella doma colonies exhibited exclusively aclonal reproduction. Egg size is positively correlated with the earliest stage of larval shell growth (PI size) in marine bivalves. Nucula proxima larval shell size varied inversely with primary productivity; larval shells were larger in Florida than Alabama. Preliminary live-dead results in both regions show limited evidence of change over time, in contrast with previous analyses of other bivalve species in the region. These space-for-time case studies highlight ways in which benthic marine invertebrates may respond to future anthropogenic driven changes in primary production in the coastal ocean.
{"title":"Life Histories Vary with Primary Productivity in the Northern Gulf of Mexico","authors":"J. Gomez, Victor Unnone, P. Harnik","doi":"10.58782/flmnh.ytxn5341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58782/flmnh.ytxn5341","url":null,"abstract":"Human activities have increased nutrient delivery to aquatic ecosystems around the world, spurring primary productivity, and leading to the establishment and expansion of oxygen-limited “dead zones.” How will marine animals respond to these changing conditions? To address that question, we take a space-for-time approach and compare the traits of different marine invertebrates along a primary productivity gradient in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Previous studies have found that life history traits can be sensitive to prevailing environmental conditions. Using Holocene death assemblages collected from -20 meters offshore Alabama and Florida, we test the hypothesis that bivalve egg size, and bryozoan reproductive mode, vary with primary productivity. Based on previous studies, we expect populations in areas with an abundance of food to exhibit the following characteristics: 1) cupuladriid bryozoans will exhibit greater frequencies of clonal to aclonal reproduction; and 2) bivalves will produce smaller eggs due to greater juvenile survivorship and fecundity selection. We found that Discoporella depressa colonies show low frequencies of clonal reproduction overall, but that percent clonality was greater in coastal Alabama than Florida. Cupuladria colonies showed higher proportions of clonal reproduction, whereas Reussirella doma colonies exhibited exclusively aclonal reproduction. Egg size is positively correlated with the earliest stage of larval shell growth (PI size) in marine bivalves. Nucula proxima larval shell size varied inversely with primary productivity; larval shells were larger in Florida than Alabama. Preliminary live-dead results in both regions show limited evidence of change over time, in contrast with previous analyses of other bivalve species in the region. These space-for-time case studies highlight ways in which benthic marine invertebrates may respond to future anthropogenic driven changes in primary production in the coastal ocean.","PeriodicalId":106523,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116919221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Madison Q. Gaetano, Joshua Miller, E. Wald, P. Druckenmiller
Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) is the only extant deer species in which females produce antlers, but what are the roles and biological benefits of this feature? Female antler shedding is roughly synchronous with calving and, within populations, occurs at approximately the same time and place every year. Interestingly, spring and summer forage on caribou ranges can be insufficient in key minerals (calcium and phosphorus) that support nursing, and strategies for offsetting these deficits are poorly understood. We test the hypothesis that female caribou antlers, rich in calcium and phosphorus, provide mineral supplements for nursing females. Using antler and bone materials collected from the Coastal Plain calving grounds of the Porcupine Caribou Herd (Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska), we assessed the consumption of bone-derived nutrients by ungulates (Rangifer), carnivorans (Ursus, Canis, Vulpes), and rodents (Urocitellus, Microtus). Taphonomic surveys yielded over 1,300 antlers and hundreds of skeletal bones. We visually inspected each element for modifications and compared observed features to those generated by candidate modifiers. We identified 20 modification classes within the collection and attributed 10 to caribou. We found caribou gnawing on ~90% of shed antlers, but <10% of skeletal material, indicating a clear focus on antler resources. Co-occurring mammals rarely targeted antlers, with rodents gnawing 30%). On the calving grounds, caribou monopolize antler nutrients, likely driven by nursing females. Antlers can form dense accumulations on caribou calving grounds (>1,000 antlers/km2) and persist for centuries or longer, potentially serving as an important mineral-rich attractor. The annual return to calving grounds, during which females consume available antler resources and contribute new ones, may function as an unrecognized feedback mechanism for maintaining calving ground fidelity.
{"title":"Shed Female Antlers as a Mineral Resource for Caribou on Spring Calving Grounds","authors":"Madison Q. Gaetano, Joshua Miller, E. Wald, P. Druckenmiller","doi":"10.58782/flmnh.zaam7004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58782/flmnh.zaam7004","url":null,"abstract":"Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) is the only extant deer species in which females produce antlers, but what are the roles and biological benefits of this feature? Female antler shedding is roughly synchronous with calving and, within populations, occurs at approximately the same time and place every year. Interestingly, spring and summer forage on caribou ranges can be insufficient in key minerals (calcium and phosphorus) that support nursing, and strategies for offsetting these deficits are poorly understood. We test the hypothesis that female caribou antlers, rich in calcium and phosphorus, provide mineral supplements for nursing females. Using antler and bone materials collected from the Coastal Plain calving grounds of the Porcupine Caribou Herd (Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska), we assessed the consumption of bone-derived nutrients by ungulates (Rangifer), carnivorans (Ursus, Canis, Vulpes), and rodents (Urocitellus, Microtus). Taphonomic surveys yielded over 1,300 antlers and hundreds of skeletal bones. We visually inspected each element for modifications and compared observed features to those generated by candidate modifiers. We identified 20 modification classes within the collection and attributed 10 to caribou. We found caribou gnawing on ~90% of shed antlers, but <10% of skeletal material, indicating a clear focus on antler resources. Co-occurring mammals rarely targeted antlers, with rodents gnawing 30%). On the calving grounds, caribou monopolize antler nutrients, likely driven by nursing females. Antlers can form dense accumulations on caribou calving grounds (>1,000 antlers/km2) and persist for centuries or longer, potentially serving as an important mineral-rich attractor. The annual return to calving grounds, during which females consume available antler resources and contribute new ones, may function as an unrecognized feedback mechanism for maintaining calving ground fidelity.","PeriodicalId":106523,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129055296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jaleigh Q. Pier, Olivia Olson, A. Mychajliw, G. Dietl
Conservation biologists are increasingly realizing the power of telling stories, which can persuade people to get involved and take action towards conservation goals. Stories connect with a wide variety of audiences by means of transporting them to captivating narrative worlds. The feeling of being swept into a story, referred to as transportation, is the mechanism through which persuasion takes place. Once a reader becomes absorbed into a story, they become removed from the real world and their own personal experiences, making them more likely to believe the story’s central message and change their behavior. Here, we argue that conservation biologists can tell more persuasive stories if longer-term perspectives available from geohistorical records, such as sediment cores and fossils, are incorporated. By providing a richer context or starting a story from a point further back in time, a different story can be told, which may help motivate audiences towards achieving specific conservation goals. Developing storytelling skills is a necessary addition to any conservation paleobiologists’ ‘toolbox.’
{"title":"Using the Past to Tell More Persuasive Conservation Stories","authors":"Jaleigh Q. Pier, Olivia Olson, A. Mychajliw, G. Dietl","doi":"10.58782/flmnh.tmpo8835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58782/flmnh.tmpo8835","url":null,"abstract":"Conservation biologists are increasingly realizing the power of telling stories, which can persuade people to get involved and take action towards conservation goals. Stories connect with a wide variety of audiences by means of transporting them to captivating narrative worlds. The feeling of being swept into a story, referred to as transportation, is the mechanism through which persuasion takes place. Once a reader becomes absorbed into a story, they become removed from the real world and their own personal experiences, making them more likely to believe the story’s central message and change their behavior. Here, we argue that conservation biologists can tell more persuasive stories if longer-term perspectives available from geohistorical records, such as sediment cores and fossils, are incorporated. By providing a richer context or starting a story from a point further back in time, a different story can be told, which may help motivate audiences towards achieving specific conservation goals. Developing storytelling skills is a necessary addition to any conservation paleobiologists’ ‘toolbox.’","PeriodicalId":106523,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122516853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With future climate change, drought events are expected to increase. Hypsodonty is an adaptation in herbivorous mammals for higher crowned teeth, which are better able to process coarse foods. Typically, animals with highly hypsodont teeth are found in arid places. This trait is considered an adaptation to aridity and drought. Many studies examined the spatial distribution of hypsodonty with respect to climate in both ungulates and Glires (rodents and lagomorphs). However, few studies have examined whether spatial trends play out across known climate shifts at a single location. Glires evolved hypsodonty millions of years before ungulates, adapt readily due to short generation times, and have relatively small home ranges, so they may provide more accurate climate predictions. Here, we use Glires from Natural Trap Cave, WY to examine whether community-level changes in hypsodonty reflect known precipitation changes. Additionally, this study investigates the effects of measurement techniques (teeth in-jaw versus out-of-jaw) and tooth wear on hypsodonty measurements. Currently, most hypsodonty studies try to use only completely unworn teeth, which are difficult to find in the fossil record. We find that community-level hypsodonty did change over time, but not in ways that corresponded with established precipitation values at Natural Trap Cave. There were likely other factors driving hypsodonty levels within this community, such as an increasing abundance of grasses with increases in temperature and precipitation. Tooth wear did not seem to have significant effects on hypsodonty measurements across time, and tooth wear only sometimes significantly affected hypsodonty measurements across taxa. With further analysis, it might be conclusively decided that samples can be expanded to somewhat worn teeth. This analysis of hypsodonty as a climate proxy can help shape both its use in future studies and our understanding of how species will respond to future climate changes.
{"title":"Small Mammal Hypsodonty Ratios Do Not Track Precipitation Changes at Natural Trap Cave, Wyoming","authors":"Lily Turner, Julia A. Schap, Jenny L. McGuire","doi":"10.58782/flmnh.qziu8092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58782/flmnh.qziu8092","url":null,"abstract":"With future climate change, drought events are expected to increase. Hypsodonty is an adaptation in herbivorous mammals for higher crowned teeth, which are better able to process coarse foods. Typically, animals with highly hypsodont teeth are found in arid places. This trait is considered an adaptation to aridity and drought. Many studies examined the spatial distribution of hypsodonty with respect to climate in both ungulates and Glires (rodents and lagomorphs). However, few studies have examined whether spatial trends play out across known climate shifts at a single location. Glires evolved hypsodonty millions of years before ungulates, adapt readily due to short generation times, and have relatively small home ranges, so they may provide more accurate climate predictions. Here, we use Glires from Natural Trap Cave, WY to examine whether community-level changes in hypsodonty reflect known precipitation changes. Additionally, this study investigates the effects of measurement techniques (teeth in-jaw versus out-of-jaw) and tooth wear on hypsodonty measurements. Currently, most hypsodonty studies try to use only completely unworn teeth, which are difficult to find in the fossil record. We find that community-level hypsodonty did change over time, but not in ways that corresponded with established precipitation values at Natural Trap Cave. There were likely other factors driving hypsodonty levels within this community, such as an increasing abundance of grasses with increases in temperature and precipitation. Tooth wear did not seem to have significant effects on hypsodonty measurements across time, and tooth wear only sometimes significantly affected hypsodonty measurements across taxa. With further analysis, it might be conclusively decided that samples can be expanded to somewhat worn teeth. This analysis of hypsodonty as a climate proxy can help shape both its use in future studies and our understanding of how species will respond to future climate changes.","PeriodicalId":106523,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History","volume":"751 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116107342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zachary Whaley, K. Cramer, Loren McClenachan, A. Tewfik, L. Álvarez‐Filip, M. McField, J. Carilli, Tali Vardi
Caribbean coral reef ecosystems have declined dramatically since systematic monitoring began in the 1970s. Over the past 50 years, they have lost between 50-80% of reef-building corals, their principal ecosystem architects. These declines have been attributed to climate change, introduction of invasive species, overfishing, and land-based pollution. Although recognized as a major stressor to corals, the role of land-based pollution in Caribbean coral declines has not been quantified due to the lack of consistent reef water quality monitoring. As part of our CPN-funded working group “Integrating paleo and historical data into coral reef management and policy”, we compiled several metrics of reef water quality from paleoecological data and disparate monitoring efforts across the Caribbean to document multidecadal-scale change over a period of intensifying coastal land alteration. We then compared water quality trends with trends in living coral cover from these same reefs to assess the role of water quality declines from land-based runoff on coral reef ecosystem health. These analyses show that (1) an array of historical data exist for reconstructing trends in Caribbean reef water quality that are in disparate repositories and remain mostly untapped, (2) reefs across the Caribbean have experienced water quality declines over the past half century, even offshore sites that were previously thought to be unaffected by land-based runoff, (3) correlations between reef water quality and coral abundance trends are detected at select sites where water quality monitoring protocols were consistent and sustained for multiple decades, and (4) water quality declines are asynchronous across sites and are likely related to differing timing and histories of land alteration.
{"title":"Long-Term Change in Caribbean Reef Water Quality and Ecosystem Health","authors":"Zachary Whaley, K. Cramer, Loren McClenachan, A. Tewfik, L. Álvarez‐Filip, M. McField, J. Carilli, Tali Vardi","doi":"10.58782/flmnh.bhpv7556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58782/flmnh.bhpv7556","url":null,"abstract":"Caribbean coral reef ecosystems have declined dramatically since systematic monitoring began in the 1970s. Over the past 50 years, they have lost between 50-80% of reef-building corals, their principal ecosystem architects. These declines have been attributed to climate change, introduction of invasive species, overfishing, and land-based pollution. Although recognized as a major stressor to corals, the role of land-based pollution in Caribbean coral declines has not been quantified due to the lack of consistent reef water quality monitoring. As part of our CPN-funded working group “Integrating paleo and historical data into coral reef management and policy”, we compiled several metrics of reef water quality from paleoecological data and disparate monitoring efforts across the Caribbean to document multidecadal-scale change over a period of intensifying coastal land alteration. We then compared water quality trends with trends in living coral cover from these same reefs to assess the role of water quality declines from land-based runoff on coral reef ecosystem health. These analyses show that (1) an array of historical data exist for reconstructing trends in Caribbean reef water quality that are in disparate repositories and remain mostly untapped, (2) reefs across the Caribbean have experienced water quality declines over the past half century, even offshore sites that were previously thought to be unaffected by land-based runoff, (3) correlations between reef water quality and coral abundance trends are detected at select sites where water quality monitoring protocols were consistent and sustained for multiple decades, and (4) water quality declines are asynchronous across sites and are likely related to differing timing and histories of land alteration.","PeriodicalId":106523,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115867394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ocean ecosystems are undergoing pronounced changes in temperature and chemistry. Biomineralizing animals, such as mollusks, that produce calcium carbonate shells can be sensitive to these changes, and this may be reflected in the microstructure of their shells. Shell microstructure potentially offers conservation paleobiologists an additional tool for assessing spatiotemporal changes in environmental conditions resulting from human activities. Previous work suggests that environmental factors, such as temperature and pH, can affect how mollusks build their shells. Certain mollusks continuously lay down tablets of nacre on the interior of their shells, and the thickness of these tablets may reflect the temperature of the environment in which the organism lived. We have been investigating spatial and temporal variation in tablet thickness in two groups of marine mollusks. Our first case study focuses on a variety of present-day abalone species along a temperature gradient. Data were collected from individuals raised in aquaculture at controlled temperatures, as well as wild-grown individuals from different latitudes in the Pacific Ocean. Our second case study focuses on the marine bivalve Nucula proxima from the northern Gulf of Mexico. Live and dead Nucula proxima specimens were collected from 20 meters water depth offshore Louisiana and Alabama; radiocarbon analyses indicate that these specimens represent both present-day and pre-Industrial populations. Our preliminary results show: 1) little variation in tablet thickness among abalone grown in aquaculture at different temperatures, suggesting that fine scale variation in temperature has little effect on abalone microstructure; and 2) an increase in tablet thickness during the past 250 years for N. proxima offshore Louisiana, but little change in N. proxima microstructure in coastal Alabama over past centuries.
{"title":"Shell Microstructure as an Indicator of Changing Environmental Conditions in Coastal Oceans","authors":"Jane Carskaddan, P. Harnik, R. Metzler","doi":"10.58782/flmnh.oxbu6164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58782/flmnh.oxbu6164","url":null,"abstract":"Ocean ecosystems are undergoing pronounced changes in temperature and chemistry. Biomineralizing animals, such as mollusks, that produce calcium carbonate shells can be sensitive to these changes, and this may be reflected in the microstructure of their shells. Shell microstructure potentially offers conservation paleobiologists an additional tool for assessing spatiotemporal changes in environmental conditions resulting from human activities. Previous work suggests that environmental factors, such as temperature and pH, can affect how mollusks build their shells. Certain mollusks continuously lay down tablets of nacre on the interior of their shells, and the thickness of these tablets may reflect the temperature of the environment in which the organism lived. We have been investigating spatial and temporal variation in tablet thickness in two groups of marine mollusks. Our first case study focuses on a variety of present-day abalone species along a temperature gradient. Data were collected from individuals raised in aquaculture at controlled temperatures, as well as wild-grown individuals from different latitudes in the Pacific Ocean. Our second case study focuses on the marine bivalve Nucula proxima from the northern Gulf of Mexico. Live and dead Nucula proxima specimens were collected from 20 meters water depth offshore Louisiana and Alabama; radiocarbon analyses indicate that these specimens represent both present-day and pre-Industrial populations. Our preliminary results show: 1) little variation in tablet thickness among abalone grown in aquaculture at different temperatures, suggesting that fine scale variation in temperature has little effect on abalone microstructure; and 2) an increase in tablet thickness during the past 250 years for N. proxima offshore Louisiana, but little change in N. proxima microstructure in coastal Alabama over past centuries.","PeriodicalId":106523,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128216632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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