ABSTRACTThe hierarchical carbonaceous nanofillers viz. carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT-COOH as 1D), hydroxylated few-layer graphene (FLG-OH as 2D), and hybrid 3D i.e., MWCNT-COOH immobilized into FLG-OH were dispersed into segmented thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) by twin-screw extrusion (TSE). The concentration of nanofillers was varied as 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 5 wt%. To increase the level of dispersion, hybrid 3D nanofillers were also incorporated into TPU by producing cellular structures through supramolecular self-assembly route (SSAR). The cellular structure in which the nanofillers were found to be uniformly dispersed was then compounded by TSE technique. The large-scale uniform dispersion was observed at higher loading (2 wt%) by SSAR followed by TSE when compared with direct TSE. Uniform dispersion was found at 1 wt% loading by direct TSE. PU nanocomposite film reinforced with 2 wt% hybrid 3D nanofillers showed good gas barrier property with ~63% reduction of helium gas permeability to 472 cm3/m2/day from 1287 cm3/m2/day of neat PU film.KEYWORDS: Polyurethanecarbonaceous nanofillersextrusionsupramolecular self-assemblydispersion AcknowledgementsThe authors are thankful to the Director, DMSRDE, Defence Research and Development Organization for support, encouragement, and giving permission to publish the article. The authors are very grateful to Dr. Bapan Adak (former PhD Scholar, IIT Delhi) for helping to prepare the samples by TSE and film preparation by compression molding; Mr. Uttam Saha (for ATR-FTIR), Mr. Sanjay Kanojia (for TGA), Mr. Abhisar Hudda, Mr. Shudhanshu Singh (for XRD), and Ms. Ratna Singh (for helping to prepare the manuscript) from DMSRDE, Kanpur (DRDO). The authors extend their gratitude to Mr. Vipul Garg (B.Tech student, IIT Delhi) for his help with cryo-ultramicrotome. The authors are also thankful to ADRDE, Agra (DRDO), for providing the facility for helium gas permeability testing. The authors are very thankful to the Central Research Facility (CRF), IIT Delhi, India (for providing TEM facility), and the Nano Research Centre (NRC), IIT Kanpur, India (for providing FE-SEM facility). The authors are grateful to the Director, DMSRDE, DRDO, Kanpur, for help, financial support, and granting permission to publish their experimental findings.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Supplementary dataSupplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/09276440.2023.2269344
{"title":"Large-scale dispersion of the hierarchical (1D, 2D and 3D) carbonaceous nanofillers in thermoplastic polyurethane through supramolecular self-assembly and extrusion","authors":"Subhash Mandal, Debmalya Roy, Kingsuk Mukhopadhyay, Mayank Dwivedi, Mangala Joshi","doi":"10.1080/09276440.2023.2269344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09276440.2023.2269344","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe hierarchical carbonaceous nanofillers viz. carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT-COOH as 1D), hydroxylated few-layer graphene (FLG-OH as 2D), and hybrid 3D i.e., MWCNT-COOH immobilized into FLG-OH were dispersed into segmented thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) by twin-screw extrusion (TSE). The concentration of nanofillers was varied as 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 5 wt%. To increase the level of dispersion, hybrid 3D nanofillers were also incorporated into TPU by producing cellular structures through supramolecular self-assembly route (SSAR). The cellular structure in which the nanofillers were found to be uniformly dispersed was then compounded by TSE technique. The large-scale uniform dispersion was observed at higher loading (2 wt%) by SSAR followed by TSE when compared with direct TSE. Uniform dispersion was found at 1 wt% loading by direct TSE. PU nanocomposite film reinforced with 2 wt% hybrid 3D nanofillers showed good gas barrier property with ~63% reduction of helium gas permeability to 472 cm3/m2/day from 1287 cm3/m2/day of neat PU film.KEYWORDS: Polyurethanecarbonaceous nanofillersextrusionsupramolecular self-assemblydispersion AcknowledgementsThe authors are thankful to the Director, DMSRDE, Defence Research and Development Organization for support, encouragement, and giving permission to publish the article. The authors are very grateful to Dr. Bapan Adak (former PhD Scholar, IIT Delhi) for helping to prepare the samples by TSE and film preparation by compression molding; Mr. Uttam Saha (for ATR-FTIR), Mr. Sanjay Kanojia (for TGA), Mr. Abhisar Hudda, Mr. Shudhanshu Singh (for XRD), and Ms. Ratna Singh (for helping to prepare the manuscript) from DMSRDE, Kanpur (DRDO). The authors extend their gratitude to Mr. Vipul Garg (B.Tech student, IIT Delhi) for his help with cryo-ultramicrotome. The authors are also thankful to ADRDE, Agra (DRDO), for providing the facility for helium gas permeability testing. The authors are very thankful to the Central Research Facility (CRF), IIT Delhi, India (for providing TEM facility), and the Nano Research Centre (NRC), IIT Kanpur, India (for providing FE-SEM facility). The authors are grateful to the Director, DMSRDE, DRDO, Kanpur, for help, financial support, and granting permission to publish their experimental findings.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Supplementary dataSupplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/09276440.2023.2269344","PeriodicalId":10653,"journal":{"name":"Composite Interfaces","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136184678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACTThe control of the localization of halloysite nanotubes (HNT) in a linear low-density polyethylene/ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (LLDPE/EVA, 70/30) blend was studied through three approaches: i) Functionalization of the filler, ii) Addition of a compatibilizer and iii) Modification of the processing sequence. First, the HNT surface modification was carried out with three different organosilanes (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), dodecyltricholosilane (DTCS) and triacontyltrichlorosilane (C30)). Grafting amounts about 0.10 mmol/g were reached whatever the nature of the organosilane. Then, the unmodified and modified HNT were mixed with a LLDPE/EVA (70/30) polymer blend using a microextruder and the localization of the fillers were scrutinized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. It was observed that both the neat HNT and modified HNT were mostly localized in the EVA phase. These observations were also discussed according to the wettability coefficient determined for neat HNT and modified HNT thanks to contact angle measurements. The addition of PE-g-MA as a compatibilizer to the blend containing the HNT-APTES allowed to localize the HNT in the LLDPE phase. Finally, the influence of the mixing sequence of the different components was evaluated by using a twin-screw extruder, and it was successfully used to localize the modified HNT into the LLDPE phase.KEYWORDS: Halloysite nanotubesfunctionalizationextrusionPE/EVA blend AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to thank Pierre Alcouffe and the members of the Center of Microstructures of the University of Lyon 1 for their assistance in electron microscopy characterizations.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe authors would like to thank the French National Agency for Research (ANR-18-CE06-0020-03) for funding and the competitiveness clusters Polymeris and Axelera.
{"title":"Control of halloysite nanotubes localization into a LLDPE/EVA (70/30) blend through specific chemical modifications and sequence of mixing during extrusion","authors":"Euphrasie Jasinski, Noëllie Ylla, Aurélie Taguet, Véronique Bounor-Legaré, Pierre Alcouffe, Emmanuel Beyou","doi":"10.1080/09276440.2023.2262252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09276440.2023.2262252","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe control of the localization of halloysite nanotubes (HNT) in a linear low-density polyethylene/ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (LLDPE/EVA, 70/30) blend was studied through three approaches: i) Functionalization of the filler, ii) Addition of a compatibilizer and iii) Modification of the processing sequence. First, the HNT surface modification was carried out with three different organosilanes (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), dodecyltricholosilane (DTCS) and triacontyltrichlorosilane (C30)). Grafting amounts about 0.10 mmol/g were reached whatever the nature of the organosilane. Then, the unmodified and modified HNT were mixed with a LLDPE/EVA (70/30) polymer blend using a microextruder and the localization of the fillers were scrutinized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. It was observed that both the neat HNT and modified HNT were mostly localized in the EVA phase. These observations were also discussed according to the wettability coefficient determined for neat HNT and modified HNT thanks to contact angle measurements. The addition of PE-g-MA as a compatibilizer to the blend containing the HNT-APTES allowed to localize the HNT in the LLDPE phase. Finally, the influence of the mixing sequence of the different components was evaluated by using a twin-screw extruder, and it was successfully used to localize the modified HNT into the LLDPE phase.KEYWORDS: Halloysite nanotubesfunctionalizationextrusionPE/EVA blend AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to thank Pierre Alcouffe and the members of the Center of Microstructures of the University of Lyon 1 for their assistance in electron microscopy characterizations.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe authors would like to thank the French National Agency for Research (ANR-18-CE06-0020-03) for funding and the competitiveness clusters Polymeris and Axelera.","PeriodicalId":10653,"journal":{"name":"Composite Interfaces","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135045890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines how irregular surfaces and debonding affect jute/epoxy composites. The study used micromechanics and finite element (FE) analysis to investigate properties such as elastic modulus in the longitudinal (E1) and transverse (E2) directions, major (ν12) and minor (ν21) Poisson’s ratios, and interfacial stresses (σ1, σ2, and τ12, τ23, τ13). The FE models were validated using experimental and analytical results, which showed good agreement. Then, the FE model was extended to analyse the influence of different fibre volume fractions (Vf) on jute/epoxy composites with varied irregular surfaces (IRS%) and debonding (DBS%). The interfacial stress was compared across these variables. DBS% caused significant variation in E2 and σ2, while IRS% led to out-of-shear stresses that crossed the threshold. An increase in IRS% and DBS% at a constant fibre volume fraction did not significantly affect E1. However, increasing Vf from 10–70% increased E1 by 168%. E2, on the other hand, decreased with Vf by 63–68%. Both IRS% and DBS% had a significant influence on interfacial stresses.
{"title":"Micromechanics and finite element approaches on the influence of fibre irregular surface and debonding on the elastic properties of jute/epoxy composites","authors":"Prasanthi Phani, Raghavendra Gujjala, Shakuntala Ojha, Aswani Kumar Bandaru","doi":"10.1080/09276440.2023.2264038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09276440.2023.2264038","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines how irregular surfaces and debonding affect jute/epoxy composites. The study used micromechanics and finite element (FE) analysis to investigate properties such as elastic modulus in the longitudinal (E1) and transverse (E2) directions, major (ν12) and minor (ν21) Poisson’s ratios, and interfacial stresses (σ1, σ2, and τ12, τ23, τ13). The FE models were validated using experimental and analytical results, which showed good agreement. Then, the FE model was extended to analyse the influence of different fibre volume fractions (Vf) on jute/epoxy composites with varied irregular surfaces (IRS%) and debonding (DBS%). The interfacial stress was compared across these variables. DBS% caused significant variation in E2 and σ2, while IRS% led to out-of-shear stresses that crossed the threshold. An increase in IRS% and DBS% at a constant fibre volume fraction did not significantly affect E1. However, increasing Vf from 10–70% increased E1 by 168%. E2, on the other hand, decreased with Vf by 63–68%. Both IRS% and DBS% had a significant influence on interfacial stresses.","PeriodicalId":10653,"journal":{"name":"Composite Interfaces","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135591634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-03DOI: 10.1080/09276440.2023.2262748
Yurong Wang, Lian Jiang, Baohe Li, Yitong Ma, Yiwen Zeng, Donghong Yu, Nong Wang
ABSTRACTIn this paper, polyamine-functionalized carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized by means of low temperature (<100°C) carbonization of citric acid at the presence of polyethylenimine (PEI), resulting spherical calcium carbonate micro-particles from inverse micro-emulsion system. Nanoscaled spherical silicas were prepared by Stöber method via deposition on the surface of micron calcium carbonate. Scanning- and transmission-electron microscopic analysis confirmed a micro-/nano-complex structure, enabling the composite material coating possessed coarser surface similar to those of ‘lotus leaf’. After modification with 1 H, 1 H, 2 H, 2 H-perfluorodecanethiol, both good super hydrophobicity and good fluorescent performance were confirmed by the water contact angle of 154.1°±1.5°, their surface-free energy, and fluorescence quantum yield of 14.1%, which provides an inexpensive and easy way to fabricate superhydrophobic material with fluorescence characteristics and promotes high value application of inorganic materials.KEYWORDS: Composite materialfluorescencehydrophobicityOwens-Wendt model Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe work was supported by the Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research Research on Standardization System of Salt Lake Chemical Industry Chain [2019-GX-168]; Innovation Fund of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises of Gansu Province [1407GCCA013].
{"title":"Superhydrophobic fluorescent micro-/nano-composites from carbon dots encapsulated in CaCO <sub>3</sub> -SiO <sub>2</sub>","authors":"Yurong Wang, Lian Jiang, Baohe Li, Yitong Ma, Yiwen Zeng, Donghong Yu, Nong Wang","doi":"10.1080/09276440.2023.2262748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09276440.2023.2262748","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTIn this paper, polyamine-functionalized carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized by means of low temperature (<100°C) carbonization of citric acid at the presence of polyethylenimine (PEI), resulting spherical calcium carbonate micro-particles from inverse micro-emulsion system. Nanoscaled spherical silicas were prepared by Stöber method via deposition on the surface of micron calcium carbonate. Scanning- and transmission-electron microscopic analysis confirmed a micro-/nano-complex structure, enabling the composite material coating possessed coarser surface similar to those of ‘lotus leaf’. After modification with 1 H, 1 H, 2 H, 2 H-perfluorodecanethiol, both good super hydrophobicity and good fluorescent performance were confirmed by the water contact angle of 154.1°±1.5°, their surface-free energy, and fluorescence quantum yield of 14.1%, which provides an inexpensive and easy way to fabricate superhydrophobic material with fluorescence characteristics and promotes high value application of inorganic materials.KEYWORDS: Composite materialfluorescencehydrophobicityOwens-Wendt model Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe work was supported by the Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research Research on Standardization System of Salt Lake Chemical Industry Chain [2019-GX-168]; Innovation Fund of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises of Gansu Province [1407GCCA013].","PeriodicalId":10653,"journal":{"name":"Composite Interfaces","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135697015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACTIn this study, multi-level laminate-network boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs)/TC4 composite with interlayer interlocking was fabricated using a facile direct ink writing (DIW) technique. In-situ 3D nano-configurations consisting of BNNSs and TiBx nanophases distributed around TC4 matrix particles formed the first-level network structure, while the above composite layers and TC4 layers with interlayer interlocking formed the second-level laminate structure. It exhibits a comparable high tensile strength of around 1203 MPa, compared to composites with a single-network structure, while demonstrating a 20% higher toughness of 55.8 MJ/m3. The interlayer interlocking microstructure interlayer could be responsible for the strength enhancement, which benefits the stress transfer between layers. The improved ductility could be attributed to the crack blocking adduced by the laminate structure and the 3D network in the composite layers.KEYWORDS: Metal matrix compositesdirect ink writingmulti-level microstructuremechanical propertiesstrengthening mechanisms Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Supplementary dataSupplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/09276440.2023.2264039Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province under [Grant number KYCX21_3328]; The Research Foundation for the National Natural Science Foundation of China under [Grant number 51575245]; The National Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province under [Grant number BK20220533]; The Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, CAS and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies under [Grant number 2020K06]; The senior Talent Foundation of Jiangsu University under [Grant number 18JDG030].
{"title":"Direct ink writing of high-performance multi-level interlocked laminate-network titanium matrix composites","authors":"Zhenqiang Liu, Yujia Gu, Hao Yang, Yun Wang, Weili Liu, Chao Yu, Ruitao Li","doi":"10.1080/09276440.2023.2264039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09276440.2023.2264039","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTIn this study, multi-level laminate-network boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs)/TC4 composite with interlayer interlocking was fabricated using a facile direct ink writing (DIW) technique. In-situ 3D nano-configurations consisting of BNNSs and TiBx nanophases distributed around TC4 matrix particles formed the first-level network structure, while the above composite layers and TC4 layers with interlayer interlocking formed the second-level laminate structure. It exhibits a comparable high tensile strength of around 1203 MPa, compared to composites with a single-network structure, while demonstrating a 20% higher toughness of 55.8 MJ/m3. The interlayer interlocking microstructure interlayer could be responsible for the strength enhancement, which benefits the stress transfer between layers. The improved ductility could be attributed to the crack blocking adduced by the laminate structure and the 3D network in the composite layers.KEYWORDS: Metal matrix compositesdirect ink writingmulti-level microstructuremechanical propertiesstrengthening mechanisms Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Supplementary dataSupplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/09276440.2023.2264039Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province under [Grant number KYCX21_3328]; The Research Foundation for the National Natural Science Foundation of China under [Grant number 51575245]; The National Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province under [Grant number BK20220533]; The Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, CAS and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies under [Grant number 2020K06]; The senior Talent Foundation of Jiangsu University under [Grant number 18JDG030].","PeriodicalId":10653,"journal":{"name":"Composite Interfaces","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135828813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.1080/09276440.2023.2262245
Noor K. Faheed, Qahtan A. Hamad, Rasha Abdul-Hassan Issa
ABSTRACTOne of the major alternatives for lasting prosperity is the use of biodegradable natural fiber as reinforcements in the production of composites to tackle worldwide environmental problems. This study aims to address utilizing available and sustainable natural fibers to prevent injury to people engaged in the fabrication of prosthetic limb sockets while maintaining socket strength. An above-the-knee prosthetic socket of natural fiber-reinforced composites was prepared via the vacuum molding method. Linen, hemp, carbon, monofilament, and glass are the materials utilized. For assessing the degree of contact between the matrix and fibers, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and tensile tests were utilized. The finding shows that no novel peak was seen in the FTIR, which indicates no new material was produced. It’s related to the physical link between reinforcements and resin. SEM micrographs confirmed that the results corroborated those from the FTIR. DSC data indicated that as the number of layers rose, the glass transition temperature decreased, and mixing natural fibers with synthetics did not affect crystallization temperatures. The proposed tests have been conducted to characterize the interfacial strength, providing further information for the futuristic use of composites in various engineering applications.KEYWORDS: Natural fiberlinenhempmonofilamentprostheticFTIRSEMDSC AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to thank all the processes at the University of Technology–Baghdad.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementIt was formed through the investigation as are issue to a data-sharing order and reachable on an open basis that does not clash datasets with DOIs
{"title":"Investigation of the effect of thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties of bio-composites prosthetic socket","authors":"Noor K. Faheed, Qahtan A. Hamad, Rasha Abdul-Hassan Issa","doi":"10.1080/09276440.2023.2262245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09276440.2023.2262245","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTOne of the major alternatives for lasting prosperity is the use of biodegradable natural fiber as reinforcements in the production of composites to tackle worldwide environmental problems. This study aims to address utilizing available and sustainable natural fibers to prevent injury to people engaged in the fabrication of prosthetic limb sockets while maintaining socket strength. An above-the-knee prosthetic socket of natural fiber-reinforced composites was prepared via the vacuum molding method. Linen, hemp, carbon, monofilament, and glass are the materials utilized. For assessing the degree of contact between the matrix and fibers, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and tensile tests were utilized. The finding shows that no novel peak was seen in the FTIR, which indicates no new material was produced. It’s related to the physical link between reinforcements and resin. SEM micrographs confirmed that the results corroborated those from the FTIR. DSC data indicated that as the number of layers rose, the glass transition temperature decreased, and mixing natural fibers with synthetics did not affect crystallization temperatures. The proposed tests have been conducted to characterize the interfacial strength, providing further information for the futuristic use of composites in various engineering applications.KEYWORDS: Natural fiberlinenhempmonofilamentprostheticFTIRSEMDSC AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to thank all the processes at the University of Technology–Baghdad.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementIt was formed through the investigation as are issue to a data-sharing order and reachable on an open basis that does not clash datasets with DOIs","PeriodicalId":10653,"journal":{"name":"Composite Interfaces","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136279928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACTIn order to enhance the interfacial adhesion between continuous basalt fibers (CBFs) and epoxy (EP) matrix and the mechanical properties of resultant composites, the organic – inorganic hybrid compatibilization layer (OIHCL) composed of flexible 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether (HDE) chains and rigid nano-silica (SiO2) is grafted on CBFs surface. With increasing the SiO2 content in the OIHCL, the structure and composition of the OIHCL change from a single layer composed of a well-dispersed SiO2 phase and continuous HDE phase to a double layer composed of an HDE/SiO2 inner-layer and aggregated SiO2 outer-layer. And, the effects of different OIHCLs on the mechanical performances of resultant composite are studied in details. The results show that the single-layer OIHCL exhibits stronger reinforcing effects in the interfacial shear strength (IFSS), tensile strength, and flexural strength of resultant composite. For example, the IFSS, tensile strength, and flexural strength of the CBFs-g-12.5%-(HDE/SiO2)/EP composite can reach 47.1 MPa, 466.1 MPa, and 660.5 MPa, respectively. Furthermore, the impact strength of the CBF/EP composites can be effectively enhanced by only grafting a flexible HDE layer on CBF surfaces. Finally, the aggregated SiO2 derived from the outer-layer of double-layer OIHCLs can deteriorate the interfacial adhesion, and all mechanical performances of resultant composites.KEYWORDS: Surface modificationinterface/interphasepolymer-matrix compositescontinuous basalt fibermechanical properties Disclosure statementThe authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.Author contributionsZ.Y. was mainly responsible for the most of experimental work and the related measurements. SC.Z. was mainly responsible for the experimental design, the result analysis, the manuscript writing, and the foundation supporting. Y.Z was responsible for the experiment work about Molecules Simulation. Q.X contributed to the analysis of the results. M.J was mainly responsible for the foundation supporting and the result analysis. P.L and SY.Z. were responsible for the experimental supervision and paper critical revision.Supplemental dataSupplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/09276440.2023.2264041Additional informationFundingThe authors were grateful to the Science and Technology Program of Sichuan Province (No. 2023YFG0342) and the Open Project Program of Basalt Fiber and Composite Materials Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province (No. SZXX202004) for financial support.
{"title":"Roles of different organic-inorganic hybrid interfaces in enhancing the mechanical properties of continuous basalt fiber/epoxy composites","authors":"Zhenhan Yan, Shengchang Zhang, Yingying Zhao, Qibin Xu, Mengjin Jiang, Pengqing Liu, Shiyi Zhou","doi":"10.1080/09276440.2023.2264041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09276440.2023.2264041","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTIn order to enhance the interfacial adhesion between continuous basalt fibers (CBFs) and epoxy (EP) matrix and the mechanical properties of resultant composites, the organic – inorganic hybrid compatibilization layer (OIHCL) composed of flexible 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether (HDE) chains and rigid nano-silica (SiO2) is grafted on CBFs surface. With increasing the SiO2 content in the OIHCL, the structure and composition of the OIHCL change from a single layer composed of a well-dispersed SiO2 phase and continuous HDE phase to a double layer composed of an HDE/SiO2 inner-layer and aggregated SiO2 outer-layer. And, the effects of different OIHCLs on the mechanical performances of resultant composite are studied in details. The results show that the single-layer OIHCL exhibits stronger reinforcing effects in the interfacial shear strength (IFSS), tensile strength, and flexural strength of resultant composite. For example, the IFSS, tensile strength, and flexural strength of the CBFs-g-12.5%-(HDE/SiO2)/EP composite can reach 47.1 MPa, 466.1 MPa, and 660.5 MPa, respectively. Furthermore, the impact strength of the CBF/EP composites can be effectively enhanced by only grafting a flexible HDE layer on CBF surfaces. Finally, the aggregated SiO2 derived from the outer-layer of double-layer OIHCLs can deteriorate the interfacial adhesion, and all mechanical performances of resultant composites.KEYWORDS: Surface modificationinterface/interphasepolymer-matrix compositescontinuous basalt fibermechanical properties Disclosure statementThe authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.Author contributionsZ.Y. was mainly responsible for the most of experimental work and the related measurements. SC.Z. was mainly responsible for the experimental design, the result analysis, the manuscript writing, and the foundation supporting. Y.Z was responsible for the experiment work about Molecules Simulation. Q.X contributed to the analysis of the results. M.J was mainly responsible for the foundation supporting and the result analysis. P.L and SY.Z. were responsible for the experimental supervision and paper critical revision.Supplemental dataSupplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/09276440.2023.2264041Additional informationFundingThe authors were grateful to the Science and Technology Program of Sichuan Province (No. 2023YFG0342) and the Open Project Program of Basalt Fiber and Composite Materials Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province (No. SZXX202004) for financial support.","PeriodicalId":10653,"journal":{"name":"Composite Interfaces","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135199144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.1080/09276440.2023.2262253
Changping Yin, Yefan Zhang, Wei Liao, Jiao Liu, Nan Wu, Suli Xing, Jun Tang
ABSTRACTThe interfacial bonding is of essential importance for the mechanical properties of high-temperature resistant carbon fiber/phthalonitrile composite materials. To promote the interfacial adhesion of carbon fiber/phthalonitrile composites, three surface modification methods, namely HP302 sizing, diazotization modification, and oxidation-diazotization modification, were applied and compared. The results showed that the de-sizing treatment barely affected the mechanical properties of the composites. Both re-sizing with HP302 agent and diazotization modification improved the mechanical properties, while the mechanical properties were drastically decreased via the oxidation-diazotization modification. Among these surface modification methods, the diazotization treatment derived the best mechanical properties of carbon fiber/phthalonitrile composites both at room and high temperature. Specifically, the flexural strengths were 345 MPa (RT), 525 MPa (300°C), and 442 MPa (400°C), which were 47%, 302%, and 281% higher than those of the pristine composites. The interlaminar shear strengths were 33 MPa (RT), 26 MPa (300°C), and 27 MPa (400°C), which were all over twofold than those of the original counterparts.KEYWORDS: Carbon fiberphthalonitrile resincomposite materialssurface modificationmechanical properties Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Supplemental dataSupplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/09276440.2023.2262253Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province, China (Great numbers 2018GK2062). Jun Tang would like to acknowledge the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China with grant No. 52003295.
{"title":"Improving mechanical properties of high-temperature resistant carbon fiber/phthalonitrile composites via surface modification: a comparative study on modification methods","authors":"Changping Yin, Yefan Zhang, Wei Liao, Jiao Liu, Nan Wu, Suli Xing, Jun Tang","doi":"10.1080/09276440.2023.2262253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09276440.2023.2262253","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe interfacial bonding is of essential importance for the mechanical properties of high-temperature resistant carbon fiber/phthalonitrile composite materials. To promote the interfacial adhesion of carbon fiber/phthalonitrile composites, three surface modification methods, namely HP302 sizing, diazotization modification, and oxidation-diazotization modification, were applied and compared. The results showed that the de-sizing treatment barely affected the mechanical properties of the composites. Both re-sizing with HP302 agent and diazotization modification improved the mechanical properties, while the mechanical properties were drastically decreased via the oxidation-diazotization modification. Among these surface modification methods, the diazotization treatment derived the best mechanical properties of carbon fiber/phthalonitrile composites both at room and high temperature. Specifically, the flexural strengths were 345 MPa (RT), 525 MPa (300°C), and 442 MPa (400°C), which were 47%, 302%, and 281% higher than those of the pristine composites. The interlaminar shear strengths were 33 MPa (RT), 26 MPa (300°C), and 27 MPa (400°C), which were all over twofold than those of the original counterparts.KEYWORDS: Carbon fiberphthalonitrile resincomposite materialssurface modificationmechanical properties Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Supplemental dataSupplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/09276440.2023.2262253Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province, China (Great numbers 2018GK2062). Jun Tang would like to acknowledge the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China with grant No. 52003295.","PeriodicalId":10653,"journal":{"name":"Composite Interfaces","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134960637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.1080/09276440.2023.2260239
S Saravanakumar, S Sathiyamurthy, P Pathmanaban, P Devi
ABSTRACTThis study enhances the anisotropic mechanical properties of banana fiber-epoxy composites by optimizing fiber loading, orientation, and treatment using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). RSM suggests optimal values: fiber loading at 33 wt%, NaOH treatment at 6.8 wt%, and fiber orientation at 15 degrees. This material has exceptional mechanical characteristics, including a maximum tensile strength (TLS) of 31.72 MPa, a maximum flexural strength (FLS) of 42.86 MPa, and a maximum impact strength (IPS) of 38.56 kJm-2. ANN effectively predicts strengths with high R2 scores of 0.969, 0.984, and 0.954 for tensile, flexural, and impact strengths. Incorporating batch normalization and dropout layers enhances robustness. The study concludes that NaOH treatment and fiber orientation significantly impact the composite’s anisotropy.KEYWORDS: ANNbiocompositesfiber orientationalkali treatmentanisotropic behaviormechanical propertiesresponse surface methodology (RSM) AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge the scheme of Innovation, Technology Development, and Deployment (1819) of the Department of Science and Technology (DST) - Delhi.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Author contributionAuthor 1: Corresponding AuthorAuthor 2: Research GuideAuthor 3: Machine Learning Prediction model developed.
{"title":"Integrating machine learning and response surface methodology for analyzing anisotropic mechanical properties of biocomposites","authors":"S Saravanakumar, S Sathiyamurthy, P Pathmanaban, P Devi","doi":"10.1080/09276440.2023.2260239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09276440.2023.2260239","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis study enhances the anisotropic mechanical properties of banana fiber-epoxy composites by optimizing fiber loading, orientation, and treatment using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). RSM suggests optimal values: fiber loading at 33 wt%, NaOH treatment at 6.8 wt%, and fiber orientation at 15 degrees. This material has exceptional mechanical characteristics, including a maximum tensile strength (TLS) of 31.72 MPa, a maximum flexural strength (FLS) of 42.86 MPa, and a maximum impact strength (IPS) of 38.56 kJm-2. ANN effectively predicts strengths with high R2 scores of 0.969, 0.984, and 0.954 for tensile, flexural, and impact strengths. Incorporating batch normalization and dropout layers enhances robustness. The study concludes that NaOH treatment and fiber orientation significantly impact the composite’s anisotropy.KEYWORDS: ANNbiocompositesfiber orientationalkali treatmentanisotropic behaviormechanical propertiesresponse surface methodology (RSM) AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge the scheme of Innovation, Technology Development, and Deployment (1819) of the Department of Science and Technology (DST) - Delhi.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Author contributionAuthor 1: Corresponding AuthorAuthor 2: Research GuideAuthor 3: Machine Learning Prediction model developed.","PeriodicalId":10653,"journal":{"name":"Composite Interfaces","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136264295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.1080/09276440.2023.2260236
Shashi Prakash Dwivedi, Shubham Sharma
ABSTRACTIn the present study, the Behavior of Dissimilar A356-AZ91/CeO2 Aluminum-Magnesium Based Composite Fabricated by Friction Stir Process Technique was observed. The Macrostructure of A356-AZ91/5%CeO2/2% Ni showed a defect-free and crack-free composite. Microstructural examination revealed that the FSP effectively distributed the CeO2 particles within the matrix, resulting in a refined microstructure. Tensile strength of A356-AZ91 matrix material was improved by about 38.04% after the addition of 5% CeO2. However, with the 2% Ni addition to A356-AZ91/5% CeO2 composite displaying further enhancement. The addition of 5% CeO2 and 2% Ni to the A356-AZ91 alloy through FSP showed a 44.78% improvement in tensile strength. There was an improvement in the hardness after adding the 2% Ni- 5% CeO2 particles was found 41.66%. Hardness of A356-AZ91-5% CeO2 was improved only by about 28.33% without addition of 2% Ni. Wear testing of aluminum composite was carried out using a pin-on-disc apparatus. The wear rate of A356-AZ91 alloy decreased by about 70% after the addition of the 2% Ni- 5% CeO2 particles. However, wear rate of A356-AZ91 alloy decreased only by about 61.66% after the addition of 5% CeO2 particles.KEYWORDS: Interfacial layermacrostructureFSP techniquefatigue strengthwear Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
{"title":"Effect of Ni addition on the behavior of dissimilar A356-AZ91/CeO <sub>2</sub> aluminum-magnesium based composite fabricated by friction stir process technique","authors":"Shashi Prakash Dwivedi, Shubham Sharma","doi":"10.1080/09276440.2023.2260236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09276440.2023.2260236","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTIn the present study, the Behavior of Dissimilar A356-AZ91/CeO2 Aluminum-Magnesium Based Composite Fabricated by Friction Stir Process Technique was observed. The Macrostructure of A356-AZ91/5%CeO2/2% Ni showed a defect-free and crack-free composite. Microstructural examination revealed that the FSP effectively distributed the CeO2 particles within the matrix, resulting in a refined microstructure. Tensile strength of A356-AZ91 matrix material was improved by about 38.04% after the addition of 5% CeO2. However, with the 2% Ni addition to A356-AZ91/5% CeO2 composite displaying further enhancement. The addition of 5% CeO2 and 2% Ni to the A356-AZ91 alloy through FSP showed a 44.78% improvement in tensile strength. There was an improvement in the hardness after adding the 2% Ni- 5% CeO2 particles was found 41.66%. Hardness of A356-AZ91-5% CeO2 was improved only by about 28.33% without addition of 2% Ni. Wear testing of aluminum composite was carried out using a pin-on-disc apparatus. The wear rate of A356-AZ91 alloy decreased by about 70% after the addition of the 2% Ni- 5% CeO2 particles. However, wear rate of A356-AZ91 alloy decreased only by about 61.66% after the addition of 5% CeO2 particles.KEYWORDS: Interfacial layermacrostructureFSP techniquefatigue strengthwear Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":10653,"journal":{"name":"Composite Interfaces","volume":"429 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135109323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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