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Regulating Algorithmic Assemblages: Exploring Beyond Corporate AI Ethics 规范算法组合:探索企业人工智能伦理之外的东西
Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.60087/jklst.vol3.n3.p28
Md.Mafiqul Islam
The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) systems, fueled by extensive research and development investments, has ushered in a new era where AI permeates decision-making processes across various sectors. This proliferation is largely attributed to the availability of vast digital datasets, particularly in machine learning, enabling AI systems to discern intricate correlations and furnish valuable insights from data on human behavior and other phenomena. However, the widespread integration of AI into private and public domains has raised concerns regarding the neutrality and objectivity of automated decision-making processes. Such systems, despite their technological sophistication, are not immune to biases and ethical dilemmas inherent in human judgments. Consequently, there is a growing call for regulatory oversight to ensure transparency and accountability in AI deployment, akin to traditional regulatory frameworks governing analogous processes. This paper critically examines the implications and ripple effects of incorporating AI into existing social systems from an 'AI ethics' standpoint. It questions the adequacy of self-policing mechanisms advocated by corporate entities, highlighting inherent limitations in corporate social responsibility paradigms. Additionally, it scrutinizes well-intentioned regulatory initiatives, such as the EU AI ethics initiative, which may overlook broader societal impacts while prioritizing the desirability of AI applications. The discussion underscores the necessity of adopting a holistic approach that transcends individual and group rights considerations to address the profound societal implications of AI, encapsulated by the concept of 'algorithmic assemblage'.
在大量研发投资的推动下,人工智能(AI)系统突飞猛进,开创了一个新时代,人工智能已渗透到各行各业的决策过程中。这种扩散主要归功于大量数字数据集的可用性,特别是在机器学习方面,使人工智能系统能够从有关人类行为和其他现象的数据中发现错综复杂的关联并提供有价值的见解。然而,人工智能在私人和公共领域的广泛应用引发了人们对自动决策过程的中立性和客观性的担忧。此类系统尽管技术先进,但也无法避免人类判断中固有的偏见和道德困境。因此,越来越多的人呼吁进行监管,以确保人工智能部署的透明度和问责制,类似于管理类似流程的传统监管框架。本文从 "人工智能伦理 "的角度,批判性地探讨了将人工智能纳入现有社会系统的影响和连锁反应。它质疑企业实体所倡导的自我监督机制是否充分,强调了企业社会责任范式的固有局限性。此外,它还审视了欧盟人工智能伦理倡议等用心良苦的监管举措,这些举措在优先考虑人工智能应用的可取性的同时,可能会忽视更广泛的社会影响。讨论强调有必要采取一种超越个人和群体权利考虑的整体方法,以解决人工智能的深刻社会影响,"算法集合 "的概念概括了这一点。
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引用次数: 0
The da Vinci Solution 达芬奇解决方案
Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.60087/jklst.vol2.n2.p107
D. Klinkenberg
A significant amount of evidence has emerged to demonstrate that the so called gnostic gospels of the Roman period were written utilizing a cypher. In other words, they contain literal historical messages that can not be understood without applying a code to the text. The implications of this discovery are vast and significant. In order to demonstrate this cypher I will be using the texts from the Nag Hammed Library. A large collection of gnostic gospels was discovered in 1945 near the Egyptian town of Nag Hammadi, and I will be using these texts in this analysis. The Gnostic gospels contain dozens of parables and stories, most of which make little to no sense. This is because the documents were written in a way that obscures the messages they contain. The nomadic tribal nations surrounding the Roman Empire had devised a way of communicating so that the leadership of the empires they were targeting would not be able to decipher their plans. The Gnostic gospels relinquish their hidden messages with the application of a simple code. Throughout the Gnostic gospels the authors use a variety of opposite paired terms like Heaven and Earth, Above and Below, Light and Dark, or Immortal and Mortal. The key to deciphering the Gnostic code is to recognize that all of the opposites referred to the same nomadic tribal nation/Roman Empire divide. Any reference to Heaven, God, Father, Light, referred to the nomadic tribal nations while references to the Earth, World, Abyss, Chaos, or Mortal realm referred to the Roman Empire or agriculturalists in general. Along with these terms, concepts with natural dichotomies such as Summer and Winter, Right and Left, Above and Below
大量证据表明,罗马时期所谓的诺斯替福音书是用密码写成的。换句话说,它们包含的字面历史信息,如果不对文本进行编码,就无法理解。这一发现影响深远,意义重大。为了展示这种密码,我将使用纳格哈米德图书馆的文本。1945 年,在埃及纳格哈马迪镇附近发现了大量诺斯替派福音书,我将使用这些文本进行分析。诺斯替派福音书包含数十个比喻和故事,其中大部分几乎毫无意义。这是因为这些文献的书写方式掩盖了其中所包含的信息。罗马帝国周边的游牧部落民族设计了一种交流方式,使他们所针对的帝国领导层无法破译他们的计划。诺斯替派福音书通过应用简单的密码,放弃了隐藏的信息。在诺斯替福音书中,作者使用了各种相反的成对术语,如天堂与大地、上层与下层、光明与黑暗或不朽与凡人。破译诺斯替密码的关键在于认识到所有的对立面指的是同一个游牧部落民族/罗马帝国的分界线。任何关于天堂、上帝、父亲、光明的说法都是指游牧部落民族,而关于地球、世界、深渊、混沌或凡人领域的说法则是指罗马帝国或一般的农耕民族。除了这些术语,还有一些自然二分法的概念,如夏季和冬季、右和左、上和下
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引用次数: 0
The Study of Climate Change in Guam and The Effects of It 关岛气候变化及其影响研究
Pub Date : 2024-01-20 DOI: 10.60087/jklst.vol2.n3.p312
Joanne Lee, Hyojin Yun, Aiden Choi, Sujeong Lee, Hankyol Kim, Kyoung Un Park, Dayun Park, Myeongseo Kim, Jaeyoung Park, Hyejin Yun, Minchan Kwon
This research aims to investigate the effects that climate change has on the people of Guam. The earth's atmosphere will change over the next few decades, which will affect many areas of Guam life. Sea levels are rising, the air and ocean are getting warmer, and the ocean's acidity is increasing. Guam's coral reef ecosystems are predicted to be destroyed or severely damaged by these changes, which will also increase the flooding and typhoons causing damage, decrease the amount of freshwater available during the dry season, and increase the frequency of uncomfortable high air temperatures. This project explores questions such as: How is Guam being impacted by climate change? What damages did Typhoon Mawar of 2023 cause to Guam in aspects of people’s life? We investigated more on the detailed information on : Climate Change and Coral Loss, Tropical Storms, Rising Sea Level and Coastal Flooding, Rainfall and Water Supplies, Ocean Pollution Levels, Inland Plants and Animals, and Human Health of Guam.
本研究旨在调查气候变化对关岛人民的影响。未来几十年,地球大气层将发生变化,这将影响关岛生活的许多方面。海平面正在上升,空气和海洋正在变暖,海洋的酸度正在增加。据预测,关岛的珊瑚礁生态系统将因这些变化而遭到破坏或严重破坏,洪水和台风造成的损失也将增加,旱季可用淡水量减少,令人不舒服的高气温出现频率增加。该项目探讨的问题包括关岛如何受到气候变化的影响?2023 年的台风 "玛娃 "对关岛人民的生活造成了哪些破坏?我们调查了更多关于以下方面的详细信息:.....:关岛的气候变化和珊瑚损失、热带风暴、海平面上升和沿海洪水、降雨和供水、海洋污染程度、内陆动植物和人类健康。
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引用次数: 0
Major Causes of Cerebral Palsy among the Children of Bangladesh 孟加拉国儿童脑瘫的主要原因
Pub Date : 2024-01-14 DOI: 10.60087/jklst.vol2.n3.p332
Golam Mahbub, Md. Omar Faruk, Ashik Chandra Das, Tanim Ahmed Shaikat, MdTuhin Mia, Redoyan Chowdhury, Koushikur Rahman, Sarder Abdulla, Al Shiam, Tufael
The most prevalent physical impairment in children is cerebral palsy (CP), although the exact etiology is frequently still a mystery. CP is a diverse collection of clinical symptoms that characterize long-term problems with posture and movement. It is typified by aberrant posture, mobility, and muscular tone, which restricts the affected person's range of activities. The current investigation was conducted to determine the sociodemographic characteristics linked to individuals with cerebral palsy, to investigate the age range most susceptible to the condition, to pinpoint the gender most impacted, and to ascertain the causes and prevalent forms of cerebral palsy in Bangladesh. A total of 100 children with cerebral palsy were selected from the Center for The Rehabilitation of the Paralyzed (CRP) and the outdoor and indoor departments of the Bangladesh Council for Children Welfare (BCCW), Dhaka, for a descriptive cross-sectional study. Out of the 100 children with cerebral palsy, the majority were male. The age range of the maximum percentage of children was 1 to 8 years. The majority of mothers (78%) of children with cerebral palsy had good health. 37% of the children's fathers and 28% of mothers had completed their bachelor's degrees. The majority of mothers, or 93% of them, were housewives.  The siblings of the maximum children were all normal or had no disabilities. A maximum of 55% of children had normal deliveries, with no complications occurring during the child's birth.  A maximum of 42% of children with cerebral palsy experience postpartum seizures due to birth damage. 45% of newborns suffer from asphyxia. The youngsters had ataxic cerebral palsy, which was the most prevalent kind of the condition. According to the study's findings, the main risk factors in Bangladesh are still infant convulsions, hospital deliveries, birth injuries, and hypoxia.  
儿童最常见的身体缺陷是脑性瘫痪(CP),但其确切病因往往仍是一个谜。脑瘫是一种临床症状,表现为姿势和运动方面的长期问题。其典型特征是姿势、活动能力和肌肉张力异常,从而限制了患者的活动范围。本次调查旨在确定与脑瘫患者相关的社会人口学特征,调查最易患此病的年龄段,确定受影响最严重的性别,并查明孟加拉国脑瘫的病因和流行形式。我们从达卡的瘫痪者康复中心(CRP)和孟加拉国儿童福利理事会(BCCW)的室外和室内部门共选取了 100 名脑瘫儿童,进行描述性横断面研究。在 100 名脑瘫儿童中,大多数为男性。患儿的最大年龄范围为 1 至 8 岁。大多数脑瘫儿童的母亲(78%)身体健康。37%的父亲和 28%的母亲已获得学士学位。大多数母亲(93%)是家庭主妇。 最多儿童的兄弟姐妹均正常或无残疾。最多有 55% 的儿童分娩正常,在孩子出生时没有发生任何并发症。 最多有 42% 的脑瘫患儿因产伤而在产后癫痫发作。45%的新生儿患有窒息。这些青少年患有共济失调型脑瘫,这是最常见的一种病症。根据研究结果,孟加拉国的主要风险因素仍然是婴儿惊厥、住院分娩、产伤和缺氧。
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引用次数: 0
How AI Improves Telemedicine through Improving Data Management in Healthcare 人工智能如何通过改善医疗数据管理来改进远程医疗
Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.60087/jklst.vol2.n3.p250
Alreem Albahar
The ability of artificial intelligence (AI) to greatly increase the efficacy and efficiency of any task carried out has contributed to its rise in popularity in recent years. These days, the healthcare industry uses AI more often because of the growth in data and complexity. This study, which examined artificial intelligence (AI) in the healthcare industry, sought to fully grasp how AI enhances telemedicine by optimising data management. The results indicate that AI has helped to improve fragmented data organisation and data management. This enhancement really helped to increase the efficacy and efficiency of every process. The results also show that the use of artificial intelligence affected record accessibility, promoting telemedicine and enhancing precision and care quality. This study adds significant insights to inform the direction of healthcare technology advancement by demonstrating AI's enormous potential to optimise information management and care supply.
人工智能(AI)能够大大提高任何任务的效率和效益,这也是近年来人工智能越来越受欢迎的原因之一。如今,由于数据和复杂性的增长,医疗保健行业更频繁地使用人工智能。本研究对医疗保健行业的人工智能(AI)进行了考察,旨在全面了解人工智能如何通过优化数据管理来增强远程医疗。结果表明,人工智能有助于改善分散的数据组织和数据管理。这种改进确实有助于提高每个流程的功效和效率。结果还显示,人工智能的使用影响了记录的可及性,促进了远程医疗,提高了精准度和护理质量。这项研究通过展示人工智能在优化信息管理和护理供应方面的巨大潜力,为医疗保健技术的发展方向提供了重要启示。
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引用次数: 0
Climate Change and Current Adaptation Strategies in the Haor Areas 霍尔地区的气候变化和当前的适应战略
Pub Date : 2023-12-16 DOI: 10.60087/jklst.vol2.n3.p241
Monayem Hossain, Mohammad Abdul Kuddus, Al Maksud Foysal, Rifat Sahriar Khan, Moniruzzaman, Md Tuhin Mia, Koushikur Rahman, Redoyan Chowdhury, Sarder Abdulla Al Shiam
The haor fishers in Bangladesh may face significant negative effects due to the significant changes in the country's climate; yet, there have been very few research specifically focused on this professional group. Through focus groups and interviews, an effort was made to understand the impact and adaption strategies of the users of the harbor resource. A total of 120 respondents were chosen at random from the Dekhar haor of the Sunamganj District. Climate change vulnerabilities included variations in rainfall and temperature, frequent natural disasters, and the emergence of debilitating diseases. Initially, fishermen were found to be able to support themselves through earnings from illicit fishing, government assistance, and quick loans from non-governmental organizations in the event of disaster. The resource consumers have also changed how they work, lost their jobs, and become more reliant on their family members. Fishermen's perspectives yielded several recommendations for effectively addressing the vulnerabilities caused by environmental changes.
由于孟加拉国气候的显著变化,海港渔民可能面临巨大的负面影响;然而,专门针对这一专业群体的研究却寥寥无几。通过焦点小组和访谈,我们努力了解港口资源使用者的影响和适应策略。研究人员从苏南甘杰地区的德哈尔海港随机抽取了 120 名受访者。气候变化的脆弱性包括降雨量和温度的变化、频繁的自然灾害以及使人衰弱的疾病的出现。最初,渔民可以通过非法捕鱼、政府援助和非政府组织在发生灾害时提供的快速贷款来维持生计。资源消费者也改变了工作方式,失去了工作,变得更加依赖家人。渔民的观点为有效应对环境变化造成的脆弱性提出了若干建议。
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引用次数: 0
Social identity, social influence, and response to potentially stressful situations 社会认同、社会影响以及对潜在压力情况的反应
Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.60087/jklst.vol2.n3.p229
Safa Bennamate, Ahmed El Bouazzaoui
This study investigates the interplay between group identification and source membership in influencing perceived stress levels during challenging tasks. Drawing from self-categorization and social influence theories, two experiments were conducted.In Study 1, participants exposed to a video where the task was portrayed as stressful reported higher stress levels when the task was presented by an ingroup member compared to an outgroup member. However, in the "challenge" condition, where the task was seen as stimulating rather than stressful, no differences in perceived stress were observed between ingroup and outgroup sources.Study 2 further explored the role of group identification and source membership on perceived stress. Results revealed that higher group identification led to increased perceived stress levels, but only when the source was an ingroup member.These findings underscore the intricate relationship between self-categorization and social influence. They highlight that perceived stress levels in challenging situations are influenced by group identity and source membership, particularly when the source is perceived as an ingroup member. However, in situations where the task is perceived as a challenge rather than a threat, this influence may diminish.The study contributes to our understanding of social psychology and the complex dynamics involved in how individuals respond to challenging situations in a social context, offering implications for further research in this area.
本研究探讨了在挑战性任务中,群体认同和来源成员资格在影响感知压力水平方面的相互作用。根据自我归类和社会影响理论,研究人员进行了两项实验。在研究 1 中,当任务被描绘成具有压力的视频时,当任务由内群体成员呈现时,参与者的压力水平高于外群体成员。然而,在 "挑战 "条件下,即任务被视为刺激性而非压力性时,则观察到内群体和外群体成员在感知压力方面没有差异。研究 2 进一步探讨了群体认同和来源成员身份对感知压力的作用。结果显示,较高的群体认同会导致感知压力水平的提高,但只有当压力源是内群体成员时才会出现这种情况。这些发现强调了自我归类和社会影响之间错综复杂的关系。它们突出表明,在具有挑战性的情境中,感知到的压力水平会受到群体认同和来源成员身份的影响,尤其是当来源被认为是内群体成员时。这项研究有助于我们了解社会心理学以及个人在社会环境中如何应对挑战性情境所涉及的复杂动态,为这一领域的进一步研究提供了启示。
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引用次数: 0
AI in healthcare domain 医疗保健领域的人工智能
Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.60087/jklst.vol2.n3.p253
Dhruvitkumar Talati
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in the healthcare domain, revolutionizing various aspects of medical research, diagnostics, treatment, and patient care. This paper provides an overview of recent developments and applications of AI in healthcare, highlighting its potential to enhance efficiency, accuracy, and accessibility in medical practices. The integration of machine learning algorithms, natural language processing, and computer vision techniques has enabled AI systems to analyze vast amounts of medical data, support clinical decision-making, and personalize treatment plans. Additionally, AI-powered technologies play a crucial role in predictive analytics, early disease detection, and the optimization of healthcare workflows. Despite the promising advancements, challenges related to data privacy, ethical considerations, and regulatory frameworks need to be addressed to fully harness the benefits of AI in healthcare.
人工智能(AI)已成为医疗保健领域的变革力量,为医学研究、诊断、治疗和病人护理的各个方面带来了革命性的变化。本文概述了人工智能在医疗保健领域的最新发展和应用,强调了其在提高医疗实践的效率、准确性和可及性方面的潜力。机器学习算法、自然语言处理和计算机视觉技术的整合使人工智能系统能够分析大量医疗数据、支持临床决策和个性化治疗方案。此外,人工智能技术在预测分析、早期疾病检测和优化医疗保健工作流程方面也发挥着至关重要的作用。尽管取得了可喜的进步,但要充分利用人工智能在医疗保健领域的优势,还需要解决与数据隐私、伦理考虑和监管框架有关的挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Relationship between Brand Awareness and Customer Loyalty in Bangladesh 孟加拉国品牌意识与客户忠诚度之间的关系
Pub Date : 2023-12-10 DOI: 10.60087/jklst.vol2.n3.p222
Khurshidul Alam, Md. Zahidul Alam Chowdhury, Nosrat Jahan, Koushikur Rahman, Redoyan Chowdhury, Md Tuhin Mia, M. Mithun
A brand offers its customers a certain value. Services are all that customers desire to use and take pleasure in. In the fish feed industry, brand awareness plays a varied role in developing a better level of consumer loyalty. As the industry leader, Cherish Feed uses a variety of brand-building strategies to raise consumer awareness, but these strategies don't always let them reap the many advantages of complete customer loyalty. However, the study's goal was to determine how brand awareness affected customers' loyalty to Cherish Feed Company. With the help of a five-point Likert scale, all 150 participants in the study who were selected using stratified sampling were polled. Statistical tools like multiple regression analysis and factor analysis were used to analyze the data. Nine brand awareness-boosting factors, including brand name, logo, character, product variety, communication, availability, event, promotional merchandise, and trade show, were broken down into three categories by the study: "Brand Recognition Elements," "Brand Exposure Builders," and "Marketing Programs." The results also indicate that "marketing programs" had the biggest impact on brand recognition out of these three variables. Regression analysis revealed a high degree of positive association between brand awareness building variables and customer loyalty. The most significant factors influencing customer loyalty are the ability to recognize brand attributes such as name, slogan, and character, as well as affordability with price and participation in Igloo-sponsored events. In the end, recommendations were made that, if implemented by Cherish Feed management, will guarantee increased client loyalty.
品牌为客户提供一定的价值。服务是顾客渴望使用并乐于使用的一切。在鱼饲料行业,品牌知名度在提高消费者忠诚度方面发挥着不同的作用。作为行业领导者,珍爱饲料公司采用各种品牌建设策略来提高消费者的认知度,但这些策略并不总能让他们收获完全的客户忠诚度所带来的诸多好处。然而,这项研究的目标是确定品牌知名度如何影响客户对 Cherish Feed 公司的忠诚度。在五点李克特量表的帮助下,对分层抽样选出的所有 150 名参与者进行了调查。数据分析采用了多元回归分析和因子分析等统计工具。研究将品牌名称、标识、特征、产品种类、沟通、可用性、活动、促销商品和贸易展销会等九个提高品牌知名度的因素分为三类:"品牌认知要素"、"品牌曝光建设者 "和 "营销计划"。结果还表明,在这三个变量中,"营销计划 "对品牌认知度的影响最大。回归分析表明,品牌知名度建设变量与顾客忠诚度之间存在高度正相关。影响顾客忠诚度的最重要因素是对品牌属性(如名称、口号和特征)的认知能力,以及价格和参与 Igloo 赞助活动的可负担性。最后,我们提出了一些建议,如果 Cherish Feed 管理层能够实施这些建议,就能保证客户忠诚度的提高。
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引用次数: 0
A Comprehensive Review on Cell Death 细胞死亡综述
Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.60087/jklst.vol2.n3.p188
M. Mithun, Auditi Kar, Sumyta Mehzabin Prome, Israt Jahan, Afsana Akter, Sayed Eqramul Hasan
A fundamental pathophysiological process, apoptosis is also a crucial stage in healthy growth and life. Despite the fact that a variety of triggers can cause cell death, the mode of cell death often follows distinct patterns. Necrosis is a non-physiological process that happens as a result of infection or injury. Apoptosis, also known as Type I cell death, and autophagy, often known as Type II cell death, are both types of planned cell death. Necrosis, which can take many various forms, is the death of cells brought on by outside forces like injury or infection. Necroptosis, a type of programmed necrosis, has recently been identified as an additional type of designed cell death. Necroptosis is thought to work as a cell-death fallback when apoptosis signaling is inhibited by endogenous or external elements like viruses or mutations. Cornification is a distinct process of terminal differentiation and programmed cell death that epidermal keratinocytes go through. The creation of the outermost skin barrier is a result of cornification. An overview of the various types of cell death and their mechanisms is provided in this review paper.
细胞凋亡是机体基本的病理生理过程,也是机体健康生长和生命的重要阶段。尽管有各种各样的触发因素可以导致细胞死亡,但细胞死亡的模式往往遵循不同的模式。坏死是一种因感染或损伤而发生的非生理过程。细胞凋亡,也被称为I型细胞死亡,和自噬,通常被称为II型细胞死亡,都是一种有计划的细胞死亡。坏死有多种形式,它是由外部力量如损伤或感染引起的细胞死亡。坏死性上睑下垂是一种程序性坏死,最近被确定为另一种类型的细胞死亡。当细胞凋亡信号被内源性或外部因素(如病毒或突变)抑制时,坏死下垂被认为是细胞死亡的退行。角化是表皮角质形成细胞终末分化和程序性细胞死亡的一个独特过程。最外层皮肤屏障的形成是角质化的结果。本文就各种类型的细胞死亡及其机制作一综述。
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引用次数: 0
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