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Learning Strategies: A Resource for Clinical Neuropsychopedagogical Intervention 学习策略:临床神经心理学干预资源
Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.11648/j.ijpbs.20240902.11
Bruna da Motta Signori Grehs, Cintia Soares Guerin, V. Loureiro, Samuel Pereira de Souza, Fabrício Bruno Cardoso
Learning strategies can be understood as deliberate processes aimed at achieving a certain level of learning effectively. The objective is to explore the application of learning strategies as a tool in neuropsychopedagogical intervention within a clinical setting, particularly in the context of teaching or stimulating brain functions where the patient can contemplate their own mental processes. Our aim is to present an intervention that enhances learning opportunities, thus broadening cognitive assumptions. This research contributes knowledge about cognitive and metacognitive processes related to learning strategies within the framework of learning how to learn, suggesting that the Neuropsychopedagogue, informed by neuroscience, selects appropriate stimuli to facilitate learning and evaluates the effectiveness of this process. The majority of studies focused on Neuropsychopedagogy and specific functions such as attention, memory, and executive functions. Another notable observation was the lack of studies utilizing or developing an instrument to assess learning strategies in a clinical-individual context, with the emphasis primarily on studies within an institutional-collective context. Hence, it can be concluded that learning strategies hold promise for enhancing learning and aiding in the organization and utilization of various information from our environment, thereby justifying their classification as a tool for clinical neuropsychopedagogical intervention. This comprehensive understanding underscores the significance of integrating diverse strategies into clinical practice, ensuring tailored interventions that address individual learning needs effectively.
学习策略可以理解为旨在有效达到一定学习水平的深思熟虑的过程。我们的目标是探索在临床环境中将学习策略作为神经心理教育干预工具的应用,特别是在教学或刺激大脑功能的背景下,让患者能够思考自己的心理过程。我们的目标是提出一种干预措施,增加学习机会,从而拓宽认知假设。这项研究有助于了解在 "学会如何学习 "的框架内与学习策略相关的认知和元认知过程,表明神经心理医生在神经科学的指导下,选择适当的刺激来促进学习,并评估这一过程的有效性。大多数研究侧重于神经心理教育学和特定功能,如注意力、记忆力和执行功能。另一个值得注意的现象是,缺乏利用或开发一种工具来评估临床-个人背景下的学习策略的研究,重点主要放在机构-集体背景下的研究上。因此,我们可以得出这样的结论:学习策略在提高学习能力、帮助组织和利用环境中的各种信息方面大有可为,因此有理由将其归类为临床神经心理教育干预的一种工具。这种全面的理解强调了将多样化策略融入临床实践的重要性,确保了量身定制的干预措施能够有效地满足个人的学习需求。
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引用次数: 0
Family Climate and Personal Resilience Among Children Victims of Sexual Abuse in Abidjan 阿比让性虐待受害儿童的家庭氛围和个人复原力
Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.11648/j.ijpbs.20240901.12
Inoussa Daboné, Ettié Silvie Kouassi, Aminata Haïdara
In Ivory Coast, the proportion of children victims of sexual abuse has become increasingly worrying since the post electoral crisis of 2011. This study aims to analyze the effect of family climate on the personal resilience construction of children victims of sexual abuse. It is so based on the working hypothesis that children victims of sexual abuse who benefit from a supportive family climate are more resilient than those who evolve in a non-supportive family climate. The study was conducted following a qualitative methodological approach with a descriptive aim, with 22 children of both sexes, victims of sexual abuse and aged from 06 to 13 years old. These children were selected by a reasoned choice at the Infant Guidance Center of Abidjan. They were subjected to a semi-structured interview from May 09 to August 10, 2022. The results, interpreted in the light of the theory of attachment, indicate that the family climate is decisive in the construction of personal resilience in children victims of sexual abuse. These results show the importance of raising awareness about the children sexual abuse and the need to provide support to the families of sexually abused children with a view to strengthening their capacity of resilience when facing such a serious phenomenon.
在象牙海岸,自 2011 年选举后危机以来,性虐待受害儿童的比例越来越令人担忧。本研究旨在分析家庭氛围对性虐待受害儿童个人复原力建设的影响。研究基于这样一个工作假设:受益于支持性家庭氛围的性虐待受害儿童比那些在非支持性家庭氛围中成长的受害儿童更具复原力。本研究采用定性方法,以描述性为目的,研究对象为 22 名年龄在 06 至 13 岁之间的性虐待受害儿童,男女均有。这些儿童是在阿比让婴儿指导中心通过合理选择挑选出来的。他们在 2022 年 5 月 9 日至 8 月 10 日期间接受了半结构式访谈。根据依恋理论解释得出的结果表明,家庭氛围对性虐待受害儿童个人复原力的形成具有决定性作用。这些结果表明,提高对儿童性虐待问题的认识非常重要,有必要为性虐待儿童的家庭提供支持,以加强他们在面对这种严重现象时的抗逆能力。
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引用次数: 0
Cortical Gray Matter Thickness to Pons Ratio: A Novel Diagnostic Index for Alzheimer’s Disease 皮质灰质厚度与脑脊液比率:阿尔茨海默病的新型诊断指标
Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.11648/j.ijpbs.20240901.11
Guven Arslan
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引用次数: 0
Overcoming Addiction: A Case Report on Tobacco Cessation in a Middle-Aged Man 克服烟瘾:一名中年男子的戒烟案例报告
Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.11648/j.ijpbs.20230804.11
Muddsar Hameed, Grana Bangash
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引用次数: 0
Anxiety, Depression and Attention Control in Health Care Professionals 卫生保健专业人员的焦虑、抑郁和注意力控制
Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.11648/j.ijpbs.20230803.11
Guven Arslan
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Aerobics in the Elderly 有氧运动对老年人的影响
Pub Date : 2023-07-06 DOI: 10.11648/j.ijpbs.20230802.12
Mehrasa Afradi
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引用次数: 0
Application of Generalizability Theory in Measurement Error in 2019 WAEC Mathematics Objective Examination in Benin Metropolis 概括性理论在2019年贝宁大都市WAEC数学客观考试测量误差中的应用
Pub Date : 2023-05-29 DOI: 10.11648/j.ijpbs.20230802.11
Kennedy Imasuen, Praise Kehinde Adeosun
: This study investigated measurement error in 2019 WAEC senior secondary school examination using generalizability theory. The study was specifically concerned with identifying and analyzing measurement error in the senior secondary school 2019 WAEC mathematics objective examination using generalizability theory, and also to determine the highest contribution of facets: students, items and teachers to measurement error. Four research questions were raised to guide the study. The study was survey which adopted a random effect two-facet fully crossed s×t×i design for a generalizability (G) and decision (D) studies. The population consisted of fifty-six thousand, seven hundred and ninety-seven (5697) senior secondary three (SS3) students in the seventy-five (75) public secondary schools in Benin metropolis for the 2019/2020 academic session. The instrument for data collection was a fifty (50) multiple choice WAEC, mathematics 2019 examination. The instrument has been validated by the West African Examination Council (WAEC). The reliability of the items was ascertained using the Kuder – Richardson 20 (KR 20) to obtain internal consistency. It gave a value of 0.92. Data collected were analyzed using a software EduG version 6.0-e based on analysis of variance (ANOVA) and generalizability. The findings which emerged from the study were: the highest contribution to measurement error in examination scores was the students - teacher interaction which accounted for 68.9%, this was followed by the student factor (27.5%) and the residual, that is, interaction of student, teachers and items (3.6%). A generalizability coefficient of 0.97 high enough to rank order students according to their relative abilities in examinations was obtained when the number of teachers was increased to 78. Based on the findings, it was therefore recommended that generalizability analysis should be carried out by researchers, test developers and examination bodies so as to reduce or eliminate measurement error and hence maximize reliability.
运用概括性理论对2019年WAEC高中考试的测量误差进行了研究。本研究运用概率论对2019年高中WAEC数学客观考试中的测量误差进行了识别和分析,并确定了学生、项目和教师三个方面对测量误差的最大贡献。提出了四个研究问题来指导研究。本研究采用随机效应双面全交叉s×t×i设计,进行概括性(G)和决策性(D)研究。在2019/2020学年期间,贝宁大都市的七十五所公立中学共有五万六千七百九十七名(5697)高中三年级(SS3)学生。数据收集的工具是一个50(50)的选择题WAEC,数学2019考试。该文书已由西非考试委员会(WAEC)验证。采用库德-理查德森20 (KR - 20)量表来确定项目的信度,以获得内部一致性。它的值为0.92。采用EduG version 6.0-e软件进行方差分析(ANOVA)和概括性分析。研究结果表明:对考试成绩测量误差贡献最大的是学生-教师互动,占68.9%,其次是学生因素(27.5%)和残差,即学生,教师和项目的互动(3.6%)。当教师人数增加到78人时,得到了0.97的归纳系数,足以根据学生的相对考试能力进行排序。因此,根据研究结果,建议研究人员、测试开发人员和检查机构应进行通用性分析,以减少或消除测量误差,从而最大限度地提高可靠性。
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引用次数: 0
Symptoms and Risk Factors of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 注意缺陷多动障碍的症状和危险因素
Pub Date : 2023-05-18 DOI: 10.11648/j.ijpbs.20230801.12
Gudisa Bereda
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引用次数: 0
Depression, Anxiety, Stress and Quality of Life of Students from Public and Private Universities 公立和私立大学学生抑郁、焦虑、压力与生活质量
Pub Date : 2023-02-24 DOI: 10.11648/j.ijpbs.20230801.11
Michelle Firmino Guimaraes, Marília Martins Vizzotto, Hilda Rosa Capelao Avoglia, Eliane Aparecida Faria Paiva
tudantes em fase de formação profissional, uma vez que representam quatro das dez principais causas de incapacidade no mundo. OBJETIVO GERAL: Avaliar e correlacionar a presença de sinais e sintomas de depressão, ansiedade, estresse e qualidade de vida de universitários de duas instituições, sendo uma pública e outra privada; OBJETIVOS: a) Caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico; b) Avaliar sintomas de depressão, sinais de ansiedade e estresse e qualidade de vida geral; c) correlacionar as variáveis qualidade de vida, sinais e sintomas de ansiedade, depressão e estresse. MÉTODO: Pesquisa de cunho quantitativo. Para coleta de dados foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: questionário de dados socioeconômicos e culturais; WHOQOL Breve e EADS – Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse Os dados foram avaliados estatisticamente com auxílio do Programa SPSS– versão 2.0 para Windows. RESULTADOS: Participaram da pesquisa 570 Universitários, 344 estudantes da Instituição Privada e 226 da Instituição Pública, dos gêneros feminino e masculino, entre 16 e 55 anos. Os resultados revelaram que não houve diferença significativa na qualidade de vida nos domínios Psicológico e Social de ambas as Instituições. Os domínios mais afetados, ou seja, aquele, em que os universitários encontram mais prejuízo é no que se referem ao domínio Físico e Meio Ambiente de ambas as Instituições. CONCLUSÃO: Assim sendo, observa-se que os estudantes obtiveram um grau leve de estresse, depressão e ansiedade em ambas as instituições. Ao correlacionar os domínios de qualidade de vida e as variáveis: ansiedade, depressão e estresse, observou-se que quanto maior a depressão, menor a qualidade de vida nos domínios psicológico e ambiental. A partir dos resultados, sugerem-se estudos mais aprofundados.
在世界十大残疾原因中,他们占了四分之一。总体目标:评估公立和私立两所院校大学生抑郁、焦虑、压力和生活质量的体征和症状的存在,并将其关联起来;目的:a)描述社会人口学概况;b)评估抑郁症状、焦虑和压力的迹象以及总体生活质量;c)关联生活质量变量、焦虑、抑郁和压力的体征和症状。方法:定量研究。数据收集使用了以下工具:社会经济和文化数据问卷;WHOQOL bref和EADS -抑郁、焦虑和压力量表数据使用SPSS程序2.0版Windows进行统计评估。结果:研究对象为大学生570人,私立院校344人,公立院校226人,男女均有,年龄在16 - 55岁之间。结果显示,两家机构在心理和社会领域的生活质量没有显著差异。受影响最大的领域,也就是说,大学生发现更多的损害是在物理领域和两个机构的环境。结论:因此,我们观察到两所院校的学生都有轻微的压力、抑郁和焦虑。通过将生活质量领域与焦虑、抑郁和压力等变量相关联,观察到抑郁越高,心理和环境领域的生活质量越低。根据这些结果,建议进行进一步的研究。
{"title":"Depression, Anxiety, Stress and Quality of Life of Students from Public and Private Universities","authors":"Michelle Firmino Guimaraes, Marília Martins Vizzotto, Hilda Rosa Capelao Avoglia, Eliane Aparecida Faria Paiva","doi":"10.11648/j.ijpbs.20230801.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpbs.20230801.11","url":null,"abstract":"tudantes em fase de formação profissional, uma vez que representam quatro das dez principais causas de incapacidade no mundo. OBJETIVO GERAL: Avaliar e correlacionar a presença de sinais e sintomas de depressão, ansiedade, estresse e qualidade de vida de universitários de duas instituições, sendo uma pública e outra privada; OBJETIVOS: a) Caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico; b) Avaliar sintomas de depressão, sinais de ansiedade e estresse e qualidade de vida geral; c) correlacionar as variáveis qualidade de vida, sinais e sintomas de ansiedade, depressão e estresse. MÉTODO: Pesquisa de cunho quantitativo. Para coleta de dados foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: questionário de dados socioeconômicos e culturais; WHOQOL Breve e EADS – Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse Os dados foram avaliados estatisticamente com auxílio do Programa SPSS– versão 2.0 para Windows. RESULTADOS: Participaram da pesquisa 570 Universitários, 344 estudantes da Instituição Privada e 226 da Instituição Pública, dos gêneros feminino e masculino, entre 16 e 55 anos. Os resultados revelaram que não houve diferença significativa na qualidade de vida nos domínios Psicológico e Social de ambas as Instituições. Os domínios mais afetados, ou seja, aquele, em que os universitários encontram mais prejuízo é no que se referem ao domínio Físico e Meio Ambiente de ambas as Instituições. CONCLUSÃO: Assim sendo, observa-se que os estudantes obtiveram um grau leve de estresse, depressão e ansiedade em ambas as instituições. Ao correlacionar os domínios de qualidade de vida e as variáveis: ansiedade, depressão e estresse, observou-se que quanto maior a depressão, menor a qualidade de vida nos domínios psicológico e ambiental. A partir dos resultados, sugerem-se estudos mais aprofundados.","PeriodicalId":106936,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133422511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Autism Spectrum Disorders: Knowledge and Attitudes of Primary Care Givers 自闭症谱系障碍:初级保健提供者的知识和态度
Pub Date : 2021-11-10 DOI: 10.11648/J.IJPBS.20210606.13
Regina Banda
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are debilitating lifelong neurodevelopmental disorders which have no cure but can be managed if timeously identified and effectively managed. Internationally prevalence is increasing and little is known about ASDs in Africa, although it is suspected the trends are following the international pattern of high prevalence. Various factors that affect the effective management of ASDs have been identified in previous research. These include low knowledge and negative attitudes towards the disorders in primary caregivers. Given that previous research places primary caregivers as key players in the successful management of ASDs and that there is a dearth of research on ASDs in Africa, this current research aimed to establish levels of knowledge of ASDs in primary caregivers in Zimbabwe as well as their attitudes towards ASDs and its treatments using a descriptive ex facto quantitative research design. A general lack of knowledge on ASDs and the legal provisions available for the protection of rights for individuals with ASDs was found in the sample as well as the presence of mixed attitudes towards ASDs and its treatments. Negative attitudes towards mainstream treatment of ASDs as well as negative attitudes towards diagnosis of the disorder itself were more prevalent than positive attitudes. It was recommended that there is need for more awareness campaigns and research on ASDs and a multi-sectoral approach to the management of ASDs.
自闭症谱系障碍(ASDs)是一种使人衰弱的终身神经发育障碍,无法治愈,但如果及时发现并有效管理,是可以控制的。国际上的患病率正在上升,对非洲的自闭症知之甚少,尽管人们怀疑这种趋势正在遵循国际上高患病率的模式。在以前的研究中已经确定了影响自闭症有效管理的各种因素。其中包括初级护理人员对这些疾病的知识不足和消极态度。鉴于之前的研究将主要照顾者视为成功管理asd的关键角色,而非洲缺乏关于asd的研究,本研究旨在通过描述性事实上的定量研究设计,确定津巴布韦主要照顾者对asd的知识水平,以及他们对asd及其治疗的态度。在样本中发现,普遍缺乏对自闭症的了解和保护自闭症患者权利的法律规定,对自闭症及其治疗存在不同的态度。对自闭症主流治疗的消极态度以及对自闭症诊断本身的消极态度比积极态度更为普遍。建议有必要开展更多关于自闭症谱系障碍的宣传活动和研究,并采取多部门方法来管理自闭症谱系障碍。
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引用次数: 0
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International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences
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