The present investigation was carried out in the “Rancho Rubén” pig farm, located in the Panecillo site of the Casacay Parish of the Pasaje Canton, Province of El Oro, Coastal Region of Ecuador. The aim of this work was to determine the possible benefits of grazing in pregnant breeders and newborn piglets. For the field experiment, the regulations of the Guide to Good Swine Practices (Agrocalidad-Ecuador) were taken into account. The variables evaluated were: initial weight of the sow, prepartum sow’s weight, postpartum sow’s weight, weight of the sow at weaning, number of piglets at birth, weight of the piglet at birth, mortality on the first day and feed consumption during gestation. A completely randomized design was used, with 2 treatments, each with a replica of 5 females, for a total of 20 animals; treatment 1 (balanced feeding and management in individual pens); and treatment 2 (feeding with balanced, and grazing). The statistical analysis was based on the book by Blasco [1], applying an ANOVA, prior to assumptions of normality and homogeneity, establishing the differences through the Bonferroni multiple comparison procedure (95% confidence). The statistical program used was Statgraphics Centurión XVI. The results show that there is no difference between the treatments with respect to the variables evaluated, except for the consumption of concentrate feed, which is observed to be reduced in grazing animals, assuming that the grazing system is beneficial by facilitating a more natural behavior and greater animal welfare.
{"title":"Influence of Grazing on the Gestation Phase of Sows and the Birth of the Piglet","authors":"Á. Sánchez-Quinche","doi":"10.54026/cjdvs1063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/cjdvs1063","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation was carried out in the “Rancho Rubén” pig farm, located in the Panecillo site of the Casacay Parish of the Pasaje Canton, Province of El Oro, Coastal Region of Ecuador. The aim of this work was to determine the possible benefits of grazing in pregnant breeders and newborn piglets. For the field experiment, the regulations of the Guide to Good Swine Practices (Agrocalidad-Ecuador) were taken into account. The variables evaluated were: initial weight of the sow, prepartum sow’s weight, postpartum sow’s weight, weight of the sow at weaning, number of piglets at birth, weight of the piglet at birth, mortality on the first day and feed consumption during gestation. A completely randomized design was used, with 2 treatments, each with a replica of 5 females, for a total of 20 animals; treatment 1 (balanced feeding and management in individual pens); and treatment 2 (feeding with balanced, and grazing). The statistical analysis was based on the book by Blasco [1], applying an ANOVA, prior to assumptions of normality and homogeneity, establishing the differences through the Bonferroni multiple comparison procedure (95% confidence). The statistical program used was Statgraphics Centurión XVI. The results show that there is no difference between the treatments with respect to the variables evaluated, except for the consumption of concentrate feed, which is observed to be reduced in grazing animals, assuming that the grazing system is beneficial by facilitating a more natural behavior and greater animal welfare.","PeriodicalId":10697,"journal":{"name":"Corpus Journal of Dairy and Veterinary Science (CJDVS)","volume":" 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140389478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A recent multivariate analysis showed that racing pigeons had a better race performance based on DRD4 and F-KER genotypes that were independently statistically significant and those racing pigeons with both DRD4 CCCT and F-KER TT had the lowest race coefficient, i.e. the best race performance. This result indicated that 50% birds with this genotype were consistently in the top 10% in the race results. To date, this is the first multigene genotype reported relating to race performance. In 2023, a consistently performing racing pigeon scored in or around the top 10% in all races of a 5 race series ranging from 100 mile to 350 miles. Retrospectively, this bird was shown to have indeed DRD4 CCCT and F-KER TT. Another bird while distantly family related, showed top performance only in the final long distance race but lacked consistency throughout the race series; this bird not have the consistency genotype profile. We pose the hypothesis that birds with both DRD4 CCCT and F-KER TT are more likely to score consistently in the Top 10% in a race series than birds without. This would need to be confirmed in a larger study in particular including Ace Champion birds with consistent top 10% race performance.
{"title":"Consistent Race Performance in Racing Pigeons: A Case Report Confirming a Favorable Genetic Profile","authors":"Geert Kolvenbag","doi":"10.54026/cjdvs1062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/cjdvs1062","url":null,"abstract":"A recent multivariate analysis showed that racing pigeons had a better race performance based on DRD4 and F-KER genotypes that were independently statistically significant and those racing pigeons with both DRD4 CCCT and F-KER TT had the lowest race coefficient, i.e. the best race performance. This result indicated that 50% birds with this genotype were consistently in the top 10% in the race results. To date, this is the first multigene genotype reported relating to race performance. In 2023, a consistently performing racing pigeon scored in or around the top 10% in all races of a 5 race series ranging from 100 mile to 350 miles. Retrospectively, this bird was shown to have indeed DRD4 CCCT and F-KER TT. Another bird while distantly family related, showed top performance only in the final long distance race but lacked consistency throughout the race series; this bird not have the consistency genotype profile. We pose the hypothesis that birds with both DRD4 CCCT and F-KER TT are more likely to score consistently in the Top 10% in a race series than birds without. This would need to be confirmed in a larger study in particular including Ace Champion birds with consistent top 10% race performance.","PeriodicalId":10697,"journal":{"name":"Corpus Journal of Dairy and Veterinary Science (CJDVS)","volume":" 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140390146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Autoimmune disorders like Multiple Sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease occur when your body’s mounts a response to itself. Genetic predisposition is responsible for some of the response, while environmental factors contribute as well. Multiple sclerosis is a debilitating disease that impacts the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. There is an inverse correlation of exposure to helminths with prevalence of MS in helminth-endemic countries. This may be due to the alteration with the immunological response to antigens that accompanies the exposure to helminths. With the different molecules secreted by helminths that enhance tolerance in the human immune system to survive, interest in these secretory molecules for developing novel treatments against autoimmune diseases grew. There has been focus on Trichuris Suis Ova (TSO), eggs of a porcine helminth, as biologic for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. The results for TSO-based therapies as treatment for MS have been promising, in addition to these therapies being safe and well tolerated. However, there have been some contrasting reports with clinical outcomes. Therapeutic administration of T. suis ova or other products of this helminth as alternative treatment of multiple sclerosis should be further studied and thus provide enhancements in these immunotherapies.
多发性硬化症（MS）、类风湿性关节炎和炎症性肠病等自身免疫性疾病是在人体对自身产生反应时发生的。遗传易感性是造成这种反应的部分原因，而环境因素也是原因之一。多发性硬化症是一种影响大脑、脊髓和视神经的衰弱性疾病。在蠕虫流行的国家，接触蠕虫与多发性硬化症的发病率呈反比。这可能是由于接触蠕虫后对抗原的免疫反应发生了改变。由于蠕虫分泌的不同分子可增强人体免疫系统的耐受性，从而使蠕虫得以存活，因此人们对这些分泌分子产生了浓厚的兴趣，以开发针对自身免疫性疾病的新型疗法。作为治疗自身免疫性疾病的生物制剂，猪蠕虫卵（Trichuris Suis Ova，TSO）一直备受关注。以 TSO 为基础的疗法治疗多发性硬化症的效果很好，而且这些疗法安全、耐受性良好。不过，也有一些与临床结果相反的报告。应进一步研究治疗性服用猪链球菌卵或这种蠕虫的其他产品作为多发性硬化症的替代疗法，从而提高这些免疫疗法的疗效。
{"title":"Therapeutic Administration of Trichuris Suis Ova as Alternative Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Mini-Review","authors":"Pollard Da","doi":"10.54026/cjdvs1061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/cjdvs1061","url":null,"abstract":"Autoimmune disorders like Multiple Sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease occur when your body’s mounts a response to itself. Genetic predisposition is responsible for some of the response, while environmental factors contribute as well. Multiple sclerosis is a debilitating disease that impacts the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. There is an inverse correlation of exposure to helminths with prevalence of MS in helminth-endemic countries. This may be due to the alteration with the immunological response to antigens that accompanies the exposure to helminths. With the different molecules secreted by helminths that enhance tolerance in the human immune system to survive, interest in these secretory molecules for developing novel treatments against autoimmune diseases grew. There has been focus on Trichuris Suis Ova (TSO), eggs of a porcine helminth, as biologic for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. The results for TSO-based therapies as treatment for MS have been promising, in addition to these therapies being safe and well tolerated. However, there have been some contrasting reports with clinical outcomes. Therapeutic administration of T. suis ova or other products of this helminth as alternative treatment of multiple sclerosis should be further studied and thus provide enhancements in these immunotherapies.","PeriodicalId":10697,"journal":{"name":"Corpus Journal of Dairy and Veterinary Science (CJDVS)","volume":"76 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140485824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The goal of this research work was to characterize carcass, meat quality traits, proximate composition and lipid profile of cull beef cows reared in extensive systems across various seasons. Mature beef cows (n=65) with mean age of 14.12 years and culled from commercial farms were slaughtered in the Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter, after a finishing period of about 4 weeks. The meat quality traits were analyzed at 7 d postmortem in Longissimus thoracis, Longissimus lumborum, Semimembranosus, Psoas major and Semitendinosus muscles. The highest carcass yield was obtained in Winter (P <0.05), but the Intramuscular Fat (IMF) means were similar in the different seasons. The meat samples showed high average Warner-Bratzler shear forceWBSF (between 5.41-6.86kg), which may be considered as tough (according to the scale used), except for the Longissimus thoracis which showed intermediate average (5.13kg). However, Psoas major obtained the highest overall acceptance scores. Samples of meat from animals kept in extensive system, natural conditions of Southern Portugal, present high amounts of n-3 PUFA. In Autumn and Summer, portions of 100 g/day of meats with 4.03% and 4.25% of IMF with 1.12 and 2.20% of n-3 PUFA in total fatty acids, can provide between 72.96 and 143.31mg of n-3 PUFA or 31.99 and 61.21mg/d of EPA plus DHA, which corresponds to 12.47% and 24.48% of the requirements recommended by EFSA authorities (250mg/d of EPA plus DHA).
{"title":"Cull Beef Cow from Southern Portugal: High Amount of n-3 PUFA","authors":"Maria Cristina Bressan","doi":"10.54026/cjdvs1058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/cjdvs1058","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this research work was to characterize carcass, meat quality traits, proximate composition and lipid profile of cull beef cows reared in extensive systems across various seasons. Mature beef cows (n=65) with mean age of 14.12 years and culled from commercial farms were slaughtered in the Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter, after a finishing period of about 4 weeks. The meat quality traits were analyzed at 7 d postmortem in Longissimus thoracis, Longissimus lumborum, Semimembranosus, Psoas major and Semitendinosus muscles. The highest carcass yield was obtained in Winter (P <0.05), but the Intramuscular Fat (IMF) means were similar in the different seasons. The meat samples showed high average Warner-Bratzler shear forceWBSF (between 5.41-6.86kg), which may be considered as tough (according to the scale used), except for the Longissimus thoracis which showed intermediate average (5.13kg). However, Psoas major obtained the highest overall acceptance scores. Samples of meat from animals kept in extensive system, natural conditions of Southern Portugal, present high amounts of n-3 PUFA. In Autumn and Summer, portions of 100 g/day of meats with 4.03% and 4.25% of IMF with 1.12 and 2.20% of n-3 PUFA in total fatty acids, can provide between 72.96 and 143.31mg of n-3 PUFA or 31.99 and 61.21mg/d of EPA plus DHA, which corresponds to 12.47% and 24.48% of the requirements recommended by EFSA authorities (250mg/d of EPA plus DHA).","PeriodicalId":10697,"journal":{"name":"Corpus Journal of Dairy and Veterinary Science (CJDVS)","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81360293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cattle are fed a variety of diets around the globe, primarily depending on the producer and the location. Local whole crop silage and hay are the two major types of feed that farmers in Malta are accustomed to using. Ryegrass, an imported crop that is growing in popularity, is now being used by certain farmers. The goal of this study is to identify the benefits and drawbacks of each type of feed within a certain setting. For this investigation, two farms from which milk samples were obtained were taken into consideration. Farm A cows were fed on whole crop while Farm B relied on ryegrass. Although this was not statistically significant, quantitative analysis revealed that Farm B produced milk with a superior fatty acid profile. Such a study undoubtedly offers new avenues for farmers’ perspectives as well as for producers working with the herding of cattle. This study may be considered to be a pilot study for a more comprehensive investigation into the quality of locally produced fresh fodder and imported fodder that may contribute to the improvement of milk on local farms.
{"title":"Ryegrass Hay Versus Whole Crop Silage: Effects On Milk C18:3 n-3 in Malta","authors":"E. Attard","doi":"10.54026/cjdvs1057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/cjdvs1057","url":null,"abstract":"Cattle are fed a variety of diets around the globe, primarily depending on the producer and the location. Local whole crop silage and hay are the two major types of feed that farmers in Malta are accustomed to using. Ryegrass, an imported crop that is growing in popularity, is now being used by certain farmers. The goal of this study is to identify the benefits and drawbacks of each type of feed within a certain setting. For this investigation, two farms from which milk samples were obtained were taken into consideration. Farm A cows were fed on whole crop while Farm B relied on ryegrass. Although this was not statistically significant, quantitative analysis revealed that Farm B produced milk with a superior fatty acid profile. Such a study undoubtedly offers new avenues for farmers’ perspectives as well as for producers working with the herding of cattle. This study may be considered to be a pilot study for a more comprehensive investigation into the quality of locally produced fresh fodder and imported fodder that may contribute to the improvement of milk on local farms.","PeriodicalId":10697,"journal":{"name":"Corpus Journal of Dairy and Veterinary Science (CJDVS)","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76810809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Some Dairy Challenges in the UK, Are They the Same as in Australia","authors":"","doi":"10.54026/cjdvs1055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/cjdvs1055","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10697,"journal":{"name":"Corpus Journal of Dairy and Veterinary Science (CJDVS)","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86022527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, a new comparison was tested in Mediterranean Italian buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis), between two different strategies for obtaining sperm cells of the desired sex. In addition, a control group of animals was included in the study, where only ordinary semen straws, containing unselected sper cells were used. Sexed and control straws were then used for Artificial Insemination (AI) in order to confront pregnancy and gender rates. The first of the two strategies to preselect sperm cells relies on the physical determination of DNA content in single spermatozoa though cell sorting machines. The second strategy instead, relies on the coincubation of either fresh or frozen/thawed semen with a specific solution specifically designed for the species of interest. The trial involved a total of 206 heifers and 211 pluriparous buffaloes belonging to a buffalo farm in the south of the Lazio Region in Italy. In this study, no significant differences between treated and control groups were detected in terms of pregnancy rates both on heifers (P=0.6) and pluriparous buffaloes (P=7). With regard to gender rates, pregnancy rates were significantly different among the three groups of heifers (P=0.001) and the three groups of pluriparous buffaloes (P=0.002). Sperm cells preselected for gender determination through Cell Sorting (CST) resulted effective in shifting the gender ratio towards the female, when compared to both the Coinbubation Technique (COiT) and control group of animals.
{"title":"Gender Preselection in the Buffalo Species (Bubalus Bubalis): Preliminary Data on Different Strategies and Pregnancy Outcome","authors":"Giorgio A Presicce","doi":"10.54026/cjdvs1054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/cjdvs1054","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a new comparison was tested in Mediterranean Italian buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis), between two different strategies for obtaining sperm cells of the desired sex. In addition, a control group of animals was included in the study, where only ordinary semen straws, containing unselected sper cells were used. Sexed and control straws were then used for Artificial Insemination (AI) in order to confront pregnancy and gender rates. The first of the two strategies to preselect sperm cells relies on the physical determination of DNA content in single spermatozoa though cell sorting machines. The second strategy instead, relies on the coincubation of either fresh or frozen/thawed semen with a specific solution specifically designed for the species of interest. The trial involved a total of 206 heifers and 211 pluriparous buffaloes belonging to a buffalo farm in the south of the Lazio Region in Italy. In this study, no significant differences between treated and control groups were detected in terms of pregnancy rates both on heifers (P=0.6) and pluriparous buffaloes (P=7). With regard to gender rates, pregnancy rates were significantly different among the three groups of heifers (P=0.001) and the three groups of pluriparous buffaloes (P=0.002). Sperm cells preselected for gender determination through Cell Sorting (CST) resulted effective in shifting the gender ratio towards the female, when compared to both the Coinbubation Technique (COiT) and control group of animals.","PeriodicalId":10697,"journal":{"name":"Corpus Journal of Dairy and Veterinary Science (CJDVS)","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79900303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Antibiotics as Growth Promoters in Animal Production, A Challenge to Reason","authors":"Guillermo Barreto Argilagos","doi":"10.54026/cjdvs1053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/cjdvs1053","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10697,"journal":{"name":"Corpus Journal of Dairy and Veterinary Science (CJDVS)","volume":"399 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80216389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Shrimp Aquaculture in the United Arab Emirates","authors":"Dr. Majd Alherbawi","doi":"10.54026/cjdvs1051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/cjdvs1051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10697,"journal":{"name":"Corpus Journal of Dairy and Veterinary Science (CJDVS)","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78887766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Staphylococcus aureus is known for its ability to acquire resistance to commonly used antibiotics and causes mastitis in cows. Bacterial strains belonging to this species can spread in humans and animals, through diffusion in different contexts, including workplaces and the environment. The antibiotic-resistance in S. aureus strains evidenced the need for novel therapeutic approaches that do not exert selective pressure on the evolutionary adaptation of the bacteria. Alternative approaches can be represented by anti-virulence therapies that interfere with virulence factors, or relative pathways that regulate the production of toxins. Various S. aureus toxins and regulatory systems involved in secreting these toxins can be investigated. The potential of targeting S. aureus toxins and virulence-mediated pathways as anti-virulence strategies can be a substantial and important alternative, in contrast to traditional antibiotics directed at pathogen viability but triggering the mechanisms of antibiotic-resistance. Thus, the antivirulence approach must be aimed to reduce the production of virulence factors without affecting bacterial growth. Strategies to reduce bacterial virulence include compounds able to inhibit quorum sensing, disassemble bacterial membranes, disrupt biofilm formation, or neutralize the bacterial toxin, thus reducing the spread of the infection. Virulence factors eventually related to the infectiousness of S. aureus strains can offer new insights into vaccine development and possible identification of new vaccine targets. The benefits of the antivirulence-antibiotic combination during the treatment against S. aureus infections have been enhanced by virtue of the synergistic action between antibiotics and the antivirulence compounds. The characteristics of the spread of antibiotic resistant S. aureus and its virulence characteristics for anti-virulence strategies have been described.
{"title":"Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Cattle Livestock and Possible Use of Anti-Virulence Strategies","authors":"S. Focardi","doi":"10.54026/cjdvs1052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/cjdvs1052","url":null,"abstract":"Staphylococcus aureus is known for its ability to acquire resistance to commonly used antibiotics and causes mastitis in cows. Bacterial strains belonging to this species can spread in humans and animals, through diffusion in different contexts, including workplaces and the environment. The antibiotic-resistance in S. aureus strains evidenced the need for novel therapeutic approaches that do not exert selective pressure on the evolutionary adaptation of the bacteria. Alternative approaches can be represented by anti-virulence therapies that interfere with virulence factors, or relative pathways that regulate the production of toxins. Various S. aureus toxins and regulatory systems involved in secreting these toxins can be investigated. The potential of targeting S. aureus toxins and virulence-mediated pathways as anti-virulence strategies can be a substantial and important alternative, in contrast to traditional antibiotics directed at pathogen viability but triggering the mechanisms of antibiotic-resistance. Thus, the antivirulence approach must be aimed to reduce the production of virulence factors without affecting bacterial growth. Strategies to reduce bacterial virulence include compounds able to inhibit quorum sensing, disassemble bacterial membranes, disrupt biofilm formation, or neutralize the bacterial toxin, thus reducing the spread of the infection. Virulence factors eventually related to the infectiousness of S. aureus strains can offer new insights into vaccine development and possible identification of new vaccine targets. The benefits of the antivirulence-antibiotic combination during the treatment against S. aureus infections have been enhanced by virtue of the synergistic action between antibiotics and the antivirulence compounds. The characteristics of the spread of antibiotic resistant S. aureus and its virulence characteristics for anti-virulence strategies have been described.","PeriodicalId":10697,"journal":{"name":"Corpus Journal of Dairy and Veterinary Science (CJDVS)","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86463546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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