Mother-offspring attachment is a crucial determinant for the survival of offspring. These relationships are supported by various factors such as hormone, olfaction cues, chemosensory stimuli, acoustic recognition etc. during early phase of bonding. Bonding occurs at various stages, in numerous brain structures, and the release of certain hormone allows the development of early learning and recognition abilities between mother and kid. It is evident that a selective and exclusive attachment forms between the mother and kids within few hours of parturition. Oxytocin and prolactin are two major hormones play key roles in expression of maternal behaviors and bond formation. Smelling, licking and grooming are vital activities in the establishment of unique olfactory memory in the mother for her offspring. Primiparous goats may delay nursing to neonates with aggressive/rejection behavior when compared to multiparous. Human meddling, drug and other stimulations from the natural environment are the causal factors for breakdown of connections between the mother and kids. During the first week of life, interruptions in mother’s care, maternal selectivity, and failure in mutual recognition may have a negative impact on the newborn’s survival and future performance.
{"title":"Mother-Kid Bonding in Goats: A Very Important Issue for Kids’ Survival and Performance Dilip Kumar Mandal* , Ajoy Das, Asish Debbarma and S","authors":"D. Mandal","doi":"10.54026/cjdvs1040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/cjdvs1040","url":null,"abstract":"Mother-offspring attachment is a crucial determinant for the survival of offspring. These relationships are supported by various factors such as hormone, olfaction cues, chemosensory stimuli, acoustic recognition etc. during early phase of bonding. Bonding occurs at various stages, in numerous brain structures, and the release of certain hormone allows the development of early learning and recognition abilities between mother and kid. It is evident that a selective and exclusive attachment forms between the mother and kids within few hours of parturition. Oxytocin and prolactin are two major hormones play key roles in expression of maternal behaviors and bond formation. Smelling, licking and grooming are vital activities in the establishment of unique olfactory memory in the mother for her offspring. Primiparous goats may delay nursing to neonates with aggressive/rejection behavior when compared to multiparous. Human meddling, drug and other stimulations from the natural environment are the causal factors for breakdown of connections between the mother and kids. During the first week of life, interruptions in mother’s care, maternal selectivity, and failure in mutual recognition may have a negative impact on the newborn’s survival and future performance.","PeriodicalId":10697,"journal":{"name":"Corpus Journal of Dairy and Veterinary Science (CJDVS)","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87521912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites originating from various species of fungi that can contaminate feed, causing chronic or acute toxicity in animals. Several mechanisms of detoxification were investigated to remove mycotoxins. At pre-harvest level, agronomic methods (planning harvesting time, crop rotation, soil tillage, irrigation and fertilization), biological methods (use of microorganisms as fungal antagonists) and chemical procedures (fungicide and insecticides) were taken into account. At post-harvest level, storage management (control of temperature, humidity, and of O2 , CO2 and N2 concentrations), physical methods (sorting, separation, washing, solvent extraction, heating, irradiation, adsorption), chemical methods (alkaline treatment and use of ozone), biological methods (use of microorganisms for detoxification and of catabolizing enzymes and application of nutritional strategies). In this mini-review, the concern of mycotoxins feed contamination, causing important consequences for dairy livestocks health, is described, considering different methods to be used for mycotoxins decontamination, including microbiological methods.
{"title":"Decontamination and Detoxification of Mycotoxins in Feed by Pre- and PostHarvest Methods, including the Use of Microorganisms","authors":"S. Focardi","doi":"10.54026/cjdvs1039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/cjdvs1039","url":null,"abstract":"Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites originating from various species of fungi that can contaminate feed, causing chronic or acute toxicity in animals. Several mechanisms of detoxification were investigated to remove mycotoxins. At pre-harvest level, agronomic methods (planning harvesting time, crop rotation, soil tillage, irrigation and fertilization), biological methods (use of microorganisms as fungal antagonists) and chemical procedures (fungicide and insecticides) were taken into account. At post-harvest level, storage management (control of temperature, humidity, and of O2 , CO2 and N2 concentrations), physical methods (sorting, separation, washing, solvent extraction, heating, irradiation, adsorption), chemical methods (alkaline treatment and use of ozone), biological methods (use of microorganisms for detoxification and of catabolizing enzymes and application of nutritional strategies). In this mini-review, the concern of mycotoxins feed contamination, causing important consequences for dairy livestocks health, is described, considering different methods to be used for mycotoxins decontamination, including microbiological methods.","PeriodicalId":10697,"journal":{"name":"Corpus Journal of Dairy and Veterinary Science (CJDVS)","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76305945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A seven years retro-prospective study (2014–2020) was conducted to determine non-canine rabies cases detected at the LANAVET, in the Northern regions of Cameroon. Information was collected from laboratory registers and reports within the defined period. The main results show that 76/278 (27.3%) non-canine rabies cases have been detected (63/218 in DFAT: 28.9%; 13/60 in PCR: 21.7%). Five groups (Chiroptera: 88.2%; Felines: 6.6%; Primates, Bovidae and Suidae: 5.3%) and ten animal species were concerned. These results highlight the necessity to conduct an active surveillance of rabies in dogs and bats, to minimise other mammal cases.
{"title":"Rabies in Non-Canine Species: A Retrospective Study of Laboratory Detected Cases in the Sahelian Zone of Cameroon from 2014 To 2020","authors":"Simon Dickmu Jumbo","doi":"10.54026/cjdvs1038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/cjdvs1038","url":null,"abstract":"A seven years retro-prospective study (2014–2020) was conducted to determine non-canine rabies cases detected at the LANAVET, in the Northern regions of Cameroon. Information was collected from laboratory registers and reports within the defined period. The main results show that 76/278 (27.3%) non-canine rabies cases have been detected (63/218 in DFAT: 28.9%; 13/60 in PCR: 21.7%). Five groups (Chiroptera: 88.2%; Felines: 6.6%; Primates, Bovidae and Suidae: 5.3%) and ten animal species were concerned. These results highlight the necessity to conduct an active surveillance of rabies in dogs and bats, to minimise other mammal cases.","PeriodicalId":10697,"journal":{"name":"Corpus Journal of Dairy and Veterinary Science (CJDVS)","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73136789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research work was carried out in a municipal trail (TIF) in the North of Puebla, Mexico, with the aim of physically analyzing the quality of beef. A sample of 120 male cattle, which were divided into the following groups: F1 pure Brahman (n=30), F2 Beefmaster (n=30), F3 Brangus (n=30), F4 Charbray (n=30), F5 Bradford (n=30), male cattle was used at 24 months of age. They received the same management and a food ration based on harinoline, soybean paste, grain corn, grain sage and a mixture of vitaminsminerals, which was offered to 3.5.0% (NRC, 2000) fresh water and forage to free access, averaging the 350 kg completed in intensive corral for slaughter during the 60 days of the experiment. The variables analyzed were: flesh color, fat color, marbling and texture. The results were evaluated through the STADISTIC programme, showing generally that cuts of meat from young uncastrated males with two years of age presented category A, characterized by white fat, with a deep red color, soft texture and abundant marbling in a rating of 11 and 12. Noting that young animals showed the best physical qualities in beef.
{"title":"Effect of Synthetic Bovine Breeds on Sustainable Management in the Quality of Meat for Human Consumption","authors":"A. Cabrera Núñez","doi":"10.54026/cjdvs1037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/cjdvs1037","url":null,"abstract":"This research work was carried out in a municipal trail (TIF) in the North of Puebla, Mexico, with the aim of physically analyzing the quality of beef. A sample of 120 male cattle, which were divided into the following groups: F1 pure Brahman (n=30), F2 Beefmaster (n=30), F3 Brangus (n=30), F4 Charbray (n=30), F5 Bradford (n=30), male cattle was used at 24 months of age. They received the same management and a food ration based on harinoline, soybean paste, grain corn, grain sage and a mixture of vitaminsminerals, which was offered to 3.5.0% (NRC, 2000) fresh water and forage to free access, averaging the 350 kg completed in intensive corral for slaughter during the 60 days of the experiment. The variables analyzed were: flesh color, fat color, marbling and texture. The results were evaluated through the STADISTIC programme, showing generally that cuts of meat from young uncastrated males with two years of age presented category A, characterized by white fat, with a deep red color, soft texture and abundant marbling in a rating of 11 and 12. Noting that young animals showed the best physical qualities in beef.","PeriodicalId":10697,"journal":{"name":"Corpus Journal of Dairy and Veterinary Science (CJDVS)","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78711264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mycotoxins are produced by fungi that contaminate livestock feed in many parts of the World and can represent a challenge for human and animal health. The most frequent recovered fungi producing mycotoxins in dairy farms are represented by genera Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium. Cancerogenic properties were highlighted for mycotoxins, in particular for aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumosin, highlighting the interest in recovery methods for these mycotoxins and focusing on possible mechanisms able to avoid fungal feed contamination and mycotoxins dispersal. Contamination by mycotoxins can thus spread from feed, damage cattle dairy and threaten human health. The countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea showed consolidated traditions in cattle livestock and several studies evidenced the concern of mycotoxins contamination in cattle farms and in dairy products, representing a serious challenge for human health. Moreover, climate change and temperature increase favour fungal production of mycotoxins, thus adding important concerns for human health. This concern assumes more serious aspects if considering that the Mediterranean basin is a hotspot in terms of climate change. This mini review describes the concern of mycotoxins contamination in dairy livestock feed and in dairy products, with a focus on countries bordering the Mediterranean basin.
{"title":"Mycotoxin Contamination in Livestock Feed and Dairy Products, with Description of their Occurrence in Mediterranean Countries","authors":"S. Focardi","doi":"10.54026/cjdvs1036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/cjdvs1036","url":null,"abstract":"Mycotoxins are produced by fungi that contaminate livestock feed in many parts of the World and can represent a challenge for human and animal health. The most frequent recovered fungi producing mycotoxins in dairy farms are represented by genera Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium. Cancerogenic properties were highlighted for mycotoxins, in particular for aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumosin, highlighting the interest in recovery methods for these mycotoxins and focusing on possible mechanisms able to avoid fungal feed contamination and mycotoxins dispersal. Contamination by mycotoxins can thus spread from feed, damage cattle dairy and threaten human health. The countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea showed consolidated traditions in cattle livestock and several studies evidenced the concern of mycotoxins contamination in cattle farms and in dairy products, representing a serious challenge for human health. Moreover, climate change and temperature increase favour fungal production of mycotoxins, thus adding important concerns for human health. This concern assumes more serious aspects if considering that the Mediterranean basin is a hotspot in terms of climate change. This mini review describes the concern of mycotoxins contamination in dairy livestock feed and in dairy products, with a focus on countries bordering the Mediterranean basin.","PeriodicalId":10697,"journal":{"name":"Corpus Journal of Dairy and Veterinary Science (CJDVS)","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78922974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The dairy activity in Peru is being affected by the low prices in the purchase of fresh milk, discouraging the producers of family agriculture, which has forced them to take a position of social struggle and sell head of cattle to continue sustaining the family economy. This situation directly affects the main producing areas, located within the dairy basin of the departments of Cajamarca, Arequipa, and Lima, which represents 51.7% of the national production of fresh milk that is collected by three large dairy companies and formal and informal artisanal processors. The different purchase and sale channels have generated vulnerability in the price that small and medium producers receive today for fresh milk, which in the last ten years has been lower than international prices. Moreover, the industry is under a tax regulatory framework that has given it market advantages, generating disparity in terms of the benefits of Peruvian dairy producers in addition to the structural limitations that do not allow improving their performance. Therefore, it is expected and recommended that the Peruvian government fulfill a regulatory and articulating role within the system, generating policies, plans, workshops, among others, in order to improve the articulation and performance of the system for the benefit of families that call for state intervention to improve their living conditions and economic stability.
{"title":"Low Price of Fresh Milk and its Implications in Peruvian Family Farming","authors":"Julio Vidaurre‐Ruiz","doi":"10.54026/cjdvs1035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/cjdvs1035","url":null,"abstract":"The dairy activity in Peru is being affected by the low prices in the purchase of fresh milk, discouraging the producers of family agriculture, which has forced them to take a position of social struggle and sell head of cattle to continue sustaining the family economy. This situation directly affects the main producing areas, located within the dairy basin of the departments of Cajamarca, Arequipa, and Lima, which represents 51.7% of the national production of fresh milk that is collected by three large dairy companies and formal and informal artisanal processors. The different purchase and sale channels have generated vulnerability in the price that small and medium producers receive today for fresh milk, which in the last ten years has been lower than international prices. Moreover, the industry is under a tax regulatory framework that has given it market advantages, generating disparity in terms of the benefits of Peruvian dairy producers in addition to the structural limitations that do not allow improving their performance. Therefore, it is expected and recommended that the Peruvian government fulfill a regulatory and articulating role within the system, generating policies, plans, workshops, among others, in order to improve the articulation and performance of the system for the benefit of families that call for state intervention to improve their living conditions and economic stability.","PeriodicalId":10697,"journal":{"name":"Corpus Journal of Dairy and Veterinary Science (CJDVS)","volume":"163 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83226907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Selection of a bird for an One Loft Race (OLR) that has a higher probability of winning is desired given the cost of entry. The objective of this study was to determine if there is a difference between female (hen) and male (cock birds) racing pigeons with regard to performance in OLR. A hypothesis was generated after a pilot study in 2017 with 103 birds; Null-hypothesis: there is no difference between hen and cock birds with regard to race performance. A subsequent prospective double blind study was conducted with 124 birds divided over 14 OLRs in 2019. Our study showed that there was indeed no difference between genders in race performance over all or within any distance category.
{"title":"The Impact of Gender in Young Bird Pigeon Racing","authors":"G. Kolvenbag","doi":"10.54026/cjdvs1034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/cjdvs1034","url":null,"abstract":"Selection of a bird for an One Loft Race (OLR) that has a higher probability of winning is desired given the cost of entry. The objective of this study was to determine if there is a difference between female (hen) and male (cock birds) racing pigeons with regard to performance in OLR. A hypothesis was generated after a pilot study in 2017 with 103 birds; Null-hypothesis: there is no difference between hen and cock birds with regard to race performance. A subsequent prospective double blind study was conducted with 124 birds divided over 14 OLRs in 2019. Our study showed that there was indeed no difference between genders in race performance over all or within any distance category.","PeriodicalId":10697,"journal":{"name":"Corpus Journal of Dairy and Veterinary Science (CJDVS)","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86799882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Overuse of antibiotics in hospitals, animal husbandry and agriculture significantly contributed to the onset of antibiotic resistance. The subsequent spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic-resistant genes contributed to aggravating the problem. An important contributor to the spread of antibiotic resistance is wildlife, which is ubiquitous and can move easily, thus contributing to the global spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes. The first antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolated from wildlife were strains of Escherichia coli obtained from pigeons and crows, with resistance to chloramphenicol and multi-resistance, carrying conjugative R plasmids. The same strains of Salmonella spp. resistant to tetracyclines and strains of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have been isolated from both wildlife, livestock and humans, suggesting the presence of a common mechanism of spread. The Mediterranean basin is important for the richness and uniqueness of its wildlife. The latter represents a mechanism for spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistant genes. This mini-review focuses on antibiotic resistance in wildlife in the Mediterranean basin, including the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria belonging to the priority list of pathogenicity.
{"title":"Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Wildlife and their Spread, Focus on the Mediterranean Basin","authors":"M. Pepi","doi":"10.54026/cjdvs1032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/cjdvs1032","url":null,"abstract":"Overuse of antibiotics in hospitals, animal husbandry and agriculture significantly contributed to the onset of antibiotic resistance. The subsequent spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic-resistant genes contributed to aggravating the problem. An important contributor to the spread of antibiotic resistance is wildlife, which is ubiquitous and can move easily, thus contributing to the global spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes. The first antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolated from wildlife were strains of Escherichia coli obtained from pigeons and crows, with resistance to chloramphenicol and multi-resistance, carrying conjugative R plasmids. The same strains of Salmonella spp. resistant to tetracyclines and strains of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have been isolated from both wildlife, livestock and humans, suggesting the presence of a common mechanism of spread. The Mediterranean basin is important for the richness and uniqueness of its wildlife. The latter represents a mechanism for spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistant genes. This mini-review focuses on antibiotic resistance in wildlife in the Mediterranean basin, including the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria belonging to the priority list of pathogenicity.","PeriodicalId":10697,"journal":{"name":"Corpus Journal of Dairy and Veterinary Science (CJDVS)","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83766532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Collaborative holistic approaches that incorporate recent evidence from multiple disciplines or sectors, including microbiology, immunology, and dairy and veterinary science, are crucial to enhancing sustainability, resilience, and health of humans and ecosystems around the world. Recent companion studies published in the Open Access journal Applied Microbiology [1-3] describe transdisciplinary analysis of benefits and risks for foodborne and environmental hazards using evidence map approaches for depicting the ‘state of the science’ and uncertainties related to both infectious and non-communicable diseases. The evidence documented in these studies [1-3] reflect the scientific advances of the recent decade summarized in the review by Oikonomou and colleagues [4] that describes the composition and functionality of mammalian milk microbiota and consortia naturally present in fresh unprocessed (raw) milks from healthy humans and ruminants. No longer is there consensus in the scientific community that mammalian milks are sterile, an outdated belief strongly based on germophobia of the 20th century. The current body of evidence [1-3] challenges 20th-century notions about microbes naturally present in milks of healthy mammals and merits further deliberation of the quality, veracity, and coherence of available evidence for assessing benefits and risks for regulatory decision making and other policy making. No benefit-risk analysis study was identified in our searches for pasteurizing donor breastmilk or cow milk. Further, much of the available evidence for benefits and risks of raw cow milk [3] is inconsistent with many outdated and unvalidated assumptions that formed the basis for simulations of potential risks to raw milk consumers in the past. One such simulation study by Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) in 2009 [5] appeared to us to be driven by selected assumptions that seem to support preconceived pro-pasteurization biases articulated in the 2009 report, rather than to rely on sound scientific data. Many FSANZ assumptions (particularly: extrapolation of pathogen presence and levels in milk from cow feces; minimal effectiveness of temperature control, hygienic practices, Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) programs, and test-and-hold programs; and high inherent risk) are falsified by the current body of evidence documented in this peerreviewed analysis [3]. From our perspective, recent data from clinical, mechanistic, and outbreak studies do not support the outdated assumptions that raw milk is inherently dangerous and that current hygienic management programs, including HACCP and test-and-hold programs, cannot ensure a safe, low-risk product for raw milk consumers.
{"title":"Need for International Workshops to Deliberate Evidence of Benefits and Risks of Raw Milks","authors":"Northup Dw","doi":"10.54026/cjdvs1031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/cjdvs1031","url":null,"abstract":"Collaborative holistic approaches that incorporate recent evidence from multiple disciplines or sectors, including microbiology, immunology, and dairy and veterinary science, are crucial to enhancing sustainability, resilience, and health of humans and ecosystems around the world. Recent companion studies published in the Open Access journal Applied Microbiology [1-3] describe transdisciplinary analysis of benefits and risks for foodborne and environmental hazards using evidence map approaches for depicting the ‘state of the science’ and uncertainties related to both infectious and non-communicable diseases. The evidence documented in these studies [1-3] reflect the scientific advances of the recent decade summarized in the review by Oikonomou and colleagues [4] that describes the composition and functionality of mammalian milk microbiota and consortia naturally present in fresh unprocessed (raw) milks from healthy humans and ruminants. No longer is there consensus in the scientific community that mammalian milks are sterile, an outdated belief strongly based on germophobia of the 20th century. The current body of evidence [1-3] challenges 20th-century notions about microbes naturally present in milks of healthy mammals and merits further deliberation of the quality, veracity, and coherence of available evidence for assessing benefits and risks for regulatory decision making and other policy making. No benefit-risk analysis study was identified in our searches for pasteurizing donor breastmilk or cow milk. Further, much of the available evidence for benefits and risks of raw cow milk [3] is inconsistent with many outdated and unvalidated assumptions that formed the basis for simulations of potential risks to raw milk consumers in the past. One such simulation study by Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) in 2009 [5] appeared to us to be driven by selected assumptions that seem to support preconceived pro-pasteurization biases articulated in the 2009 report, rather than to rely on sound scientific data. Many FSANZ assumptions (particularly: extrapolation of pathogen presence and levels in milk from cow feces; minimal effectiveness of temperature control, hygienic practices, Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) programs, and test-and-hold programs; and high inherent risk) are falsified by the current body of evidence documented in this peerreviewed analysis [3]. From our perspective, recent data from clinical, mechanistic, and outbreak studies do not support the outdated assumptions that raw milk is inherently dangerous and that current hygienic management programs, including HACCP and test-and-hold programs, cannot ensure a safe, low-risk product for raw milk consumers.","PeriodicalId":10697,"journal":{"name":"Corpus Journal of Dairy and Veterinary Science (CJDVS)","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83621840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The reproductive efficiency of pig farms is directly correlated with the fertility of the boars. The aim of this work was to develop polymeric materials that can be used as a platform to select a subpopulation of sperm with better cell physiological parameters. Polymeric hydrogels composed of Poly-N-isopropylacrylamide with different positive charges given by copolymerization with (3-acrylamidopropyl) trimethylammonium chloride (APTA, 5-10-15%), were synthesized. Subsequently, the interaction between the sperm cells and the polymeric surfaces was analyzed in TALP medium. Release of the spermatozoa from the polymeric surfaces was induced by changing to Ca2+ free media. Sperm motility, cell viability, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity were evaluated. The results indicated that a higher percentage of swine sperm attached to PNIPAM co-15% APTA hydrogels (62.86±3.33%). Ninety seven percent (97.19±1.45 %) of the sperm released from the PNIPAM co-15%APTA surfaces were viable (p<0.05 vs unbound population and raw semen), with acceptable motility (58.89±1.28%) and with intact plasma and acrosomal membranes (69±1.2% and 98.5±0.65% respectively). These results indicate that hydrogels can be used to select boar sperm with high viability and mobility for use in assisted reproductive techniques.
{"title":"Development of Poly-NIsopropylacrylamide Surfaces for the Selection of Swine Sperm","authors":"D. Rodríguez","doi":"10.54026/cjdvs1028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/cjdvs1028","url":null,"abstract":"The reproductive efficiency of pig farms is directly correlated with the fertility of the boars. The aim of this work was to develop polymeric materials that can be used as a platform to select a subpopulation of sperm with better cell physiological parameters. Polymeric hydrogels composed of Poly-N-isopropylacrylamide with different positive charges given by copolymerization with (3-acrylamidopropyl) trimethylammonium chloride (APTA, 5-10-15%), were synthesized. Subsequently, the interaction between the sperm cells and the polymeric surfaces was analyzed in TALP medium. Release of the spermatozoa from the polymeric surfaces was induced by changing to Ca2+ free media. Sperm motility, cell viability, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity were evaluated. The results indicated that a higher percentage of swine sperm attached to PNIPAM co-15% APTA hydrogels (62.86±3.33%). Ninety seven percent (97.19±1.45 %) of the sperm released from the PNIPAM co-15%APTA surfaces were viable (p<0.05 vs unbound population and raw semen), with acceptable motility (58.89±1.28%) and with intact plasma and acrosomal membranes (69±1.2% and 98.5±0.65% respectively). These results indicate that hydrogels can be used to select boar sperm with high viability and mobility for use in assisted reproductive techniques.","PeriodicalId":10697,"journal":{"name":"Corpus Journal of Dairy and Veterinary Science (CJDVS)","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77044712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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