For this study, 441 racial groups were used, using the following crosses: 7/8 Holstein X 1/8 Guzerat (n= 112), 7/8 American Swiss x 1/8 Guzerat (n=138) and 7/8 dairy Simmental X 1/8 Guzerat (n=191), from three dualpurpose farms in northern Puebla; Mexico. With the objective of evaluating milk production per lactation (PTL), period of initiation of lactation (EIL), days to peak lactation (PL), behavior of calves until weaning (CBD) and economic productivity. The results obtained indicated that milk production per lactation and days in lactation were affected by the genotype (P<.01). The productive variables for the behavior until weaning of calves of 7/8 European dairy cows x 1/8 Guzerat in dual purpose included; birth weight (BN), weaning weight (PD), daily weight gain (GDP) and weaning age (ED) were evaluated by survival analysis. The results indicated that the racial group did not influence (P>.01) any of the productive characteristics studied. In conclusion, 7/8 Holstein x 1/8 Guzerat (HG) and 7/8 American Swiss x 1/8 Guzerat (SAG) cows showed higher productive ability than cows with Simmental genes. The observed results suggest the possibility of using these crosses, in order to maintain the perspective of sustainable development, guaranteeing safety in bovine milk production in the northern region of Puebla.
{"title":"Genetic Conservation from the Perspective of Sustainable Development to Guarantee Safety in Bovine Dairy Production","authors":"A. C. Núñez","doi":"10.54026/cjdvs1050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/cjdvs1050","url":null,"abstract":"For this study, 441 racial groups were used, using the following crosses: 7/8 Holstein X 1/8 Guzerat (n= 112), 7/8 American Swiss x 1/8 Guzerat (n=138) and 7/8 dairy Simmental X 1/8 Guzerat (n=191), from three dualpurpose farms in northern Puebla; Mexico. With the objective of evaluating milk production per lactation (PTL), period of initiation of lactation (EIL), days to peak lactation (PL), behavior of calves until weaning (CBD) and economic productivity. The results obtained indicated that milk production per lactation and days in lactation were affected by the genotype (P<.01). The productive variables for the behavior until weaning of calves of 7/8 European dairy cows x 1/8 Guzerat in dual purpose included; birth weight (BN), weaning weight (PD), daily weight gain (GDP) and weaning age (ED) were evaluated by survival analysis. The results indicated that the racial group did not influence (P>.01) any of the productive characteristics studied. In conclusion, 7/8 Holstein x 1/8 Guzerat (HG) and 7/8 American Swiss x 1/8 Guzerat (SAG) cows showed higher productive ability than cows with Simmental genes. The observed results suggest the possibility of using these crosses, in order to maintain the perspective of sustainable development, guaranteeing safety in bovine milk production in the northern region of Puebla.","PeriodicalId":10697,"journal":{"name":"Corpus Journal of Dairy and Veterinary Science (CJDVS)","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87255524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The presence of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) bacteria in wildlife indicates the possible role of wild animals as efficient AMR reservoirs and dispersers of resistant bacteria to the human, livestock and natural environments. The presence of AMR bacteria not only has serious public health consequences, but also threatens native wildlife populations. In this study, we investigate the occurrence and antibiotic resistance patterns of fecal microbiota of Rhinoceros unicornis in Assam. Sixty two freshly voided dung samples of rhinoceros were collected from Kaziranga National Park of Assam in 2018. Fecal samples were tested for the presence of bacterial species and submitted to National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, National Research Centre on Equines, (NC-VTCC, NRCE) Hisar for identification. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) was determined using the disk diffusion method and antibiotic resistance patterns were assessed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommendations. Overall, 24 isolates were identified that belonged to 19 different bacterial genera including Klebsiella spp., Achromobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Alishewanella spp., Wautersiella spp., Moraxella spp., Inquilinus spp., Weeksella spp., Oligella spp., Myroides spp., Paracoccus spp., Ochrobactrum spp., Psychrobacter spp., Pannonibacter spp., Shewanella spp., Sphingobacterium spp., Sphingomonas spp. (4% each), Escherichia coli (8%) and Acinetobacter spp. (21%). Of the 24 isolates found in rhinoceros fecal samples tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, 13 isolates showed resistant to three or more than three substance classes. Results indicate that overall, most of the bacterial species from R. unicornis were multi-drug-resistant, which may reflect not only several risk factors leading to the origin of AMR in wild animals but also wildlife as natural reservoir of resistant bacteria. Therefore, efforts must be initiated to monitor the occurrence of such AMR bacteria in wildlife and understand their potential effect on wildlife conservation and public health.
{"title":"Fecal Microbiota of Rhinoceros Unicornis as a Reservoir of Multi-Drug-Resistant Bacteria","authors":"Sangeeta Das","doi":"10.54026/cjdvs1049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/cjdvs1049","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) bacteria in wildlife indicates the possible role of wild animals as efficient AMR reservoirs and dispersers of resistant bacteria to the human, livestock and natural environments. The presence of AMR bacteria not only has serious public health consequences, but also threatens native wildlife populations. In this study, we investigate the occurrence and antibiotic resistance patterns of fecal microbiota of Rhinoceros unicornis in Assam. Sixty two freshly voided dung samples of rhinoceros were collected from Kaziranga National Park of Assam in 2018. Fecal samples were tested for the presence of bacterial species and submitted to National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, National Research Centre on Equines, (NC-VTCC, NRCE) Hisar for identification. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) was determined using the disk diffusion method and antibiotic resistance patterns were assessed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommendations. Overall, 24 isolates were identified that belonged to 19 different bacterial genera including Klebsiella spp., Achromobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Alishewanella spp., Wautersiella spp., Moraxella spp., Inquilinus spp., Weeksella spp., Oligella spp., Myroides spp., Paracoccus spp., Ochrobactrum spp., Psychrobacter spp., Pannonibacter spp., Shewanella spp., Sphingobacterium spp., Sphingomonas spp. (4% each), Escherichia coli (8%) and Acinetobacter spp. (21%). Of the 24 isolates found in rhinoceros fecal samples tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, 13 isolates showed resistant to three or more than three substance classes. Results indicate that overall, most of the bacterial species from R. unicornis were multi-drug-resistant, which may reflect not only several risk factors leading to the origin of AMR in wild animals but also wildlife as natural reservoir of resistant bacteria. Therefore, efforts must be initiated to monitor the occurrence of such AMR bacteria in wildlife and understand their potential effect on wildlife conservation and public health.","PeriodicalId":10697,"journal":{"name":"Corpus Journal of Dairy and Veterinary Science (CJDVS)","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77795724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Goats belong to the „short day breeders“ group of seasonal polyoestrous animals. In the temperate climate zone, their season lasts from mid-summer till mid-autumn, being regulated by epiphysis’ melatonine secretion, as well as by genetics and environment factors. Therefore, the presence of goat milk and dairy products, as well as goat meat, at the food market, is exclusively seasonal. In order to provide goat food products throughout the whole year, reproductive herd management should be established. This paper presents a brief overview of the methods of reproductive management in dairy goat herds (natural mating and artificial insemination, hormonal and nonhormonal synchronization methods and embryo production and transfer). Proposed protocols are consisted of light treatment, male effect and timed artificial insemination which could be combined with or without injection of prostaglandin. Application of reproductive and breeding programs allow efficient diffusion of desirable genetic traits in a selection program.
{"title":"Reproductive Management in Goat Breeding","authors":"J. Grizelj","doi":"10.54026/cjdvs1048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/cjdvs1048","url":null,"abstract":"Goats belong to the „short day breeders“ group of seasonal polyoestrous animals. In the temperate climate zone, their season lasts from mid-summer till mid-autumn, being regulated by epiphysis’ melatonine secretion, as well as by genetics and environment factors. Therefore, the presence of goat milk and dairy products, as well as goat meat, at the food market, is exclusively seasonal. In order to provide goat food products throughout the whole year, reproductive herd management should be established. This paper presents a brief overview of the methods of reproductive management in dairy goat herds (natural mating and artificial insemination, hormonal and nonhormonal synchronization methods and embryo production and transfer). Proposed protocols are consisted of light treatment, male effect and timed artificial insemination which could be combined with or without injection of prostaglandin. Application of reproductive and breeding programs allow efficient diffusion of desirable genetic traits in a selection program.","PeriodicalId":10697,"journal":{"name":"Corpus Journal of Dairy and Veterinary Science (CJDVS)","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83481750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rumen is part of the forestomach of ruminants and plays a key role in the conversion of feed into metabolites that are absorbed and used by the host. The rumen is also the place of formation of proteins of microbial origin, which represent a source of energy for the host animal. From a functional point of view, ruminants are monogastric at birth as they have an undeveloped forestomach system. Microbial communities in the rumen first show colonization by bacteria, followed by that of methanogenic Archaea and then anaerobic fungi and protozoa. In newborn calves, molecular-based techniques evidenced initial rumen colonisation by facultative anaerobic bacteria, as the phyla Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, with genera Enterococcus and Streptococcus and the species Escherichia coli, followed by Archaea within a few hours after birth. These early colonizers utilize the oxygen available in the rumen, thus creating an anaerobic environment conducive to the growth of rigorous anaerobic communities, including Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides. The strict anaerobic bacterial community, including cellulolytic and proteolytic bacteria, establishes and dominates the rumen microbiome within the first two weeks of life. The entire microbial community allows ruminants to use ligno-cellulosic materials and non-protein nitrogen to produce high-quality food. Importantly, these close anaerobic bacterial communities in the rumen of newborns play an essential role in the development of the mucosal immune system. A healthy rumen leads to healthy ruminants with optimal performance. It is worth highlighting the importance of the microbiome in maintaining the health of cattle and its potential in alleviating disease. This mini-review described the development of the cow microbiome in the rumen, the degradation abilities and influence of the feed on the rumen microbiota, and the microbiota effects on the cow’s immune system and health.
{"title":"Development and Maturation of Microbiota in Cow Rumen, Plant-Fibers Degradation and Influences on the Immune System and Cow Health","authors":"S. Focardi","doi":"10.54026/cjdvs1047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/cjdvs1047","url":null,"abstract":"Rumen is part of the forestomach of ruminants and plays a key role in the conversion of feed into metabolites that are absorbed and used by the host. The rumen is also the place of formation of proteins of microbial origin, which represent a source of energy for the host animal. From a functional point of view, ruminants are monogastric at birth as they have an undeveloped forestomach system. Microbial communities in the rumen first show colonization by bacteria, followed by that of methanogenic Archaea and then anaerobic fungi and protozoa. In newborn calves, molecular-based techniques evidenced initial rumen colonisation by facultative anaerobic bacteria, as the phyla Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, with genera Enterococcus and Streptococcus and the species Escherichia coli, followed by Archaea within a few hours after birth. These early colonizers utilize the oxygen available in the rumen, thus creating an anaerobic environment conducive to the growth of rigorous anaerobic communities, including Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides. The strict anaerobic bacterial community, including cellulolytic and proteolytic bacteria, establishes and dominates the rumen microbiome within the first two weeks of life. The entire microbial community allows ruminants to use ligno-cellulosic materials and non-protein nitrogen to produce high-quality food. Importantly, these close anaerobic bacterial communities in the rumen of newborns play an essential role in the development of the mucosal immune system. A healthy rumen leads to healthy ruminants with optimal performance. It is worth highlighting the importance of the microbiome in maintaining the health of cattle and its potential in alleviating disease. This mini-review described the development of the cow microbiome in the rumen, the degradation abilities and influence of the feed on the rumen microbiota, and the microbiota effects on the cow’s immune system and health.","PeriodicalId":10697,"journal":{"name":"Corpus Journal of Dairy and Veterinary Science (CJDVS)","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80000328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The dry period is a crucial time in the lactation cycle, it is the period of highest susceptibility to new infection and the optimum time to cure existing intramammary infection. In selective dry-cow antimicrobial therapy, we have two different ways of intervening in the management treatments of dry period: in the first case there are dairy cows diagnosed healthy, that will be treated only with the teat sealant, in the second, dairy cows with pathogenic mastitis or high cell counts that will receive the intramammary treatment together with the sealant. One of the main prerogative of an intramammary sealant is to ensure that it remains in the teat throughout the dry period. To guarantee this, it is necessary that the sealant is characterized by good rheological properties, especially when it is administered with an antimastitis ointment. The aim of the present study was to compare the rheological behavior of several intramammary sealant suspensions present on the Italian market. To evaluate the rheological behavior of the intramammary suspensions used during the dry period, rheological comparison methods have been developed. The parameters assessed during the rheological study are Viscosity, 3 Interval Thixotropy Test (3ITT) and the viscoelastic nature of materials: Amplitude Sweep. In addition, to evaluate the sealant performance of intramammary sealants, was performed a compatibility in-vitro test, comparing the behavior of the products alone and in contact with two intramammary antibiotic suspensions (Fatroximin and Mastout, both manufactured by Fatro S.p.A. and used during the dry period). The results obtained highlighted that, when a sealant has good viscosity and good thixotropic behavior, is more probable that it remains in the teat, carrying out its sealing action and preventing the entry of pathogens.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Compatibility between Different Teat Sealants and Intramammary Antimicrobials in Selective Dry Cow Treatment Protocols","authors":"Gazza Carlo,","doi":"10.54026/cjdvs1046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/cjdvs1046","url":null,"abstract":"The dry period is a crucial time in the lactation cycle, it is the period of highest susceptibility to new infection and the optimum time to cure existing intramammary infection. In selective dry-cow antimicrobial therapy, we have two different ways of intervening in the management treatments of dry period: in the first case there are dairy cows diagnosed healthy, that will be treated only with the teat sealant, in the second, dairy cows with pathogenic mastitis or high cell counts that will receive the intramammary treatment together with the sealant. One of the main prerogative of an intramammary sealant is to ensure that it remains in the teat throughout the dry period. To guarantee this, it is necessary that the sealant is characterized by good rheological properties, especially when it is administered with an antimastitis ointment. The aim of the present study was to compare the rheological behavior of several intramammary sealant suspensions present on the Italian market. To evaluate the rheological behavior of the intramammary suspensions used during the dry period, rheological comparison methods have been developed. The parameters assessed during the rheological study are Viscosity, 3 Interval Thixotropy Test (3ITT) and the viscoelastic nature of materials: Amplitude Sweep. In addition, to evaluate the sealant performance of intramammary sealants, was performed a compatibility in-vitro test, comparing the behavior of the products alone and in contact with two intramammary antibiotic suspensions (Fatroximin and Mastout, both manufactured by Fatro S.p.A. and used during the dry period). The results obtained highlighted that, when a sealant has good viscosity and good thixotropic behavior, is more probable that it remains in the teat, carrying out its sealing action and preventing the entry of pathogens.","PeriodicalId":10697,"journal":{"name":"Corpus Journal of Dairy and Veterinary Science (CJDVS)","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74617106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A 5-year-old 5.5-kg castrated male Italian Greyhound was evaluated for bone pain, generalized hyperesthesia and fever. Physical and orthopedic examination revealed non-specific bone pain and hyperesthesia; radiographs were then performed. Radiological findings included smooth to irregular periosteal reaction on the caudal, lateral and medial aspect of the proximal right humeral diaphysis. Moth-eaten to permeative lysis was present on the humeral head and metaphysis with mild associated sclerosis. Because the dog’s clinical signs worsened despite instituted medical management, synovial fluid samples were obtained and submitted for cytological analysis and culture. Surgical biopsy specimens were obtained from the right proximolateral diaphysis of the right humerus. Results of histochemical analysis, cytology and culture of bony tissue and blood were negative for bacterial or fungal agents. These clinical, imaging, and histopathologic findings were compatible with Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis (CRMO). To the author’s knowledge, this is the first report of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitits in a dog. CRMO should be considered as a differential diagnosis in dogs with signs of bone pain with or without fever. Further investigation into therapeutic treatments and causative etiologies in veterinary patients is warranted.
{"title":"A Clinical Case of Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis in a Dog","authors":"Daniel J Duffy","doi":"10.54026/cjdvs1045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/cjdvs1045","url":null,"abstract":"A 5-year-old 5.5-kg castrated male Italian Greyhound was evaluated for bone pain, generalized hyperesthesia and fever. Physical and orthopedic examination revealed non-specific bone pain and hyperesthesia; radiographs were then performed. Radiological findings included smooth to irregular periosteal reaction on the caudal, lateral and medial aspect of the proximal right humeral diaphysis. Moth-eaten to permeative lysis was present on the humeral head and metaphysis with mild associated sclerosis. Because the dog’s clinical signs worsened despite instituted medical management, synovial fluid samples were obtained and submitted for cytological analysis and culture. Surgical biopsy specimens were obtained from the right proximolateral diaphysis of the right humerus. Results of histochemical analysis, cytology and culture of bony tissue and blood were negative for bacterial or fungal agents. These clinical, imaging, and histopathologic findings were compatible with Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis (CRMO). To the author’s knowledge, this is the first report of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitits in a dog. CRMO should be considered as a differential diagnosis in dogs with signs of bone pain with or without fever. Further investigation into therapeutic treatments and causative etiologies in veterinary patients is warranted.","PeriodicalId":10697,"journal":{"name":"Corpus Journal of Dairy and Veterinary Science (CJDVS)","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87632910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Determine the influence of a novel looped polyamide suture on the biomechanical properties and gap formation of repaired canine flexor tendons. Study Design: Tendons were assigned to 3 groups (n=12/group). Following transection, tendons were repaired with a Kessler pattern using monofilament polypropylene, Kessler pattern using looped polyamide suture and a Kessler pattern using looped polyamide augmented with a continuous Epitendinous Suture (ES) representing groups 1, 2, and 3 respectively. Constructs were tested to simulate clinical failure. Yield, peak and failure loads, loads at -1 and 3mm gap formation and failure modes were analyzed. Results: Looped polyamide suture is equivalent to monofilament polypropylene using a Kessler core pattern. Looped polyamide suture augmented with a running ES significantly increased yield, peak and failure loads by 3.2x, 3.0x and 2.6x respectively, compared to core suture use alone. Use of an ES required significantly greater force to cause 3mm gap formation while reducing occurrence of gapping in tested constructs. Mode of failure differed among experimental constructs. Conclusion: Looped polyamide suture is equivalent to monofilament polypropylene in the same pattern. Our results support the addition of ES augmentation, a simple technique modification that demonstrates substantially improved repair strength while reducing the occurrence of gapping between tendon ends. Future in-vivo studies investigating effect of suture placement on tendinous healing, blood supply, and glide function are warranted.
{"title":"Biomechanical Evaluation of a Novel Double-Strand (Looped) Polyamide Monofilament Suture for Canine Flexor Tendon Repair","authors":"Daniel J Duffy","doi":"10.54026/cjdvs1044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/cjdvs1044","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Determine the influence of a novel looped polyamide suture on the biomechanical properties and gap formation of repaired canine flexor tendons. Study Design: Tendons were assigned to 3 groups (n=12/group). Following transection, tendons were repaired with a Kessler pattern using monofilament polypropylene, Kessler pattern using looped polyamide suture and a Kessler pattern using looped polyamide augmented with a continuous Epitendinous Suture (ES) representing groups 1, 2, and 3 respectively. Constructs were tested to simulate clinical failure. Yield, peak and failure loads, loads at -1 and 3mm gap formation and failure modes were analyzed. Results: Looped polyamide suture is equivalent to monofilament polypropylene using a Kessler core pattern. Looped polyamide suture augmented with a running ES significantly increased yield, peak and failure loads by 3.2x, 3.0x and 2.6x respectively, compared to core suture use alone. Use of an ES required significantly greater force to cause 3mm gap formation while reducing occurrence of gapping in tested constructs. Mode of failure differed among experimental constructs. Conclusion: Looped polyamide suture is equivalent to monofilament polypropylene in the same pattern. Our results support the addition of ES augmentation, a simple technique modification that demonstrates substantially improved repair strength while reducing the occurrence of gapping between tendon ends. Future in-vivo studies investigating effect of suture placement on tendinous healing, blood supply, and glide function are warranted.","PeriodicalId":10697,"journal":{"name":"Corpus Journal of Dairy and Veterinary Science (CJDVS)","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86269698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cheese and dairy products require a rigorous observation of the procedures, strictly linked to the different indigenous components, such as the initial raw materials, the process chain, the ripening temperature, the water activity (aw), the pH and the contamination of the environment and operators. Microorganisms are key agents in the transformation of milk and in the subsequent phases which confer typicity and stability to cheese and dairy products. Contamination by pathogenic microorganisms may occur, compromising the safety of the final products. Meanwhile, beneficial microorganisms present in cheese and dairy products can produce antimicrobial compounds, thus avoiding spoilage of the products, ensuring their safety for human consumption. This mini review reports a description of the microorganisms involved in the fermentation of milk and in the subsequent processes concerning cheeses and derivatives, highlighting the aspects that microorganisms play in terms of quality, typicality and safety. New aspects emerged from this study, suggesting possible insights and future research. These include cultural approaches on the one hand, which allow for the isolation and characterization of new microbial strains that confer peculiarities in terms of quality and typicality to cheeses and dairy products, and the isolation of lactic acid bacteria that produce bacteriocins as important tools for combating microbial pathogens. On the other hand, investigations on cheese and dairy products using metagenomic approaches with DNA extraction followed by amplification and sequencing of microbial genes, allow the description and monitoring of the entire microbiota involved in the transformation processes of cheese and dairy products. Therefore, the combination of cultural dairy microbiology and metagenomic approaches can lead to improving the characteristics of cheeses and dairy products, while maintaining respect for traditions.
{"title":"The Microbiology of Cheese and Dairy Products is a Critical Step in Ensuring Health, Quality and Typicity","authors":"S. Focardi","doi":"10.54026/cjdvs1043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/cjdvs1043","url":null,"abstract":"Cheese and dairy products require a rigorous observation of the procedures, strictly linked to the different indigenous components, such as the initial raw materials, the process chain, the ripening temperature, the water activity (aw), the pH and the contamination of the environment and operators. Microorganisms are key agents in the transformation of milk and in the subsequent phases which confer typicity and stability to cheese and dairy products. Contamination by pathogenic microorganisms may occur, compromising the safety of the final products. Meanwhile, beneficial microorganisms present in cheese and dairy products can produce antimicrobial compounds, thus avoiding spoilage of the products, ensuring their safety for human consumption. This mini review reports a description of the microorganisms involved in the fermentation of milk and in the subsequent processes concerning cheeses and derivatives, highlighting the aspects that microorganisms play in terms of quality, typicality and safety. New aspects emerged from this study, suggesting possible insights and future research. These include cultural approaches on the one hand, which allow for the isolation and characterization of new microbial strains that confer peculiarities in terms of quality and typicality to cheeses and dairy products, and the isolation of lactic acid bacteria that produce bacteriocins as important tools for combating microbial pathogens. On the other hand, investigations on cheese and dairy products using metagenomic approaches with DNA extraction followed by amplification and sequencing of microbial genes, allow the description and monitoring of the entire microbiota involved in the transformation processes of cheese and dairy products. Therefore, the combination of cultural dairy microbiology and metagenomic approaches can lead to improving the characteristics of cheeses and dairy products, while maintaining respect for traditions.","PeriodicalId":10697,"journal":{"name":"Corpus Journal of Dairy and Veterinary Science (CJDVS)","volume":"212 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76144041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
1310 kg per lactation. This reflects on the superior genetic base and efficient management systems in the developed countries, where the aim is to produce more milk with lesser number of cattle. Hence, the challenge is to increase profitability, through increase in milk yield, while reducing the cost of milk production and the herd size.
{"title":"Livestock Development for Benefit of Small Farmers: Critical Components for Success","authors":"Narayan G. Hegde","doi":"10.54026/cjdvs1042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/cjdvs1042","url":null,"abstract":"1310 kg per lactation. This reflects on the superior genetic base and efficient management systems in the developed countries, where the aim is to produce more milk with lesser number of cattle. Hence, the challenge is to increase profitability, through increase in milk yield, while reducing the cost of milk production and the herd size.","PeriodicalId":10697,"journal":{"name":"Corpus Journal of Dairy and Veterinary Science (CJDVS)","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79317912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Animal diets now a days contain a wide range of plant-based materials, as well as rendered animals and animal waste, antibiotics, and vitamins. Various feed components are utilised in the meal, depending on the animal. Animals will need to be supplemented during late pregnancy, early lactation, or rapid growth to ensure that requirements are satisfied. The required nutrients by each animal differs according on body weight, milk output, milk fat, and other factors. As an outcome, the feed formulation tool can now be developed using a variety of unique ration formulation methods, such as linear programming, stochastic programming, and goal programming. Many programmes exist that create rations for various livestock species using the most cost-effective feeds available. It will also help the farmer choose feeds that fulfil the ration’s nutritional needs. ICAR-NIANP Smart Tools, Dairy cattle nutrition and feed calculator, Application for Least-Cost Ration Formulation, and Feed Chart are only a few examples.
{"title":"An Insight on Feed Formulation for Livestock","authors":"Radha Gupta","doi":"10.54026/cjdvs1041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/cjdvs1041","url":null,"abstract":"Animal diets now a days contain a wide range of plant-based materials, as well as rendered animals and animal waste, antibiotics, and vitamins. Various feed components are utilised in the meal, depending on the animal. Animals will need to be supplemented during late pregnancy, early lactation, or rapid growth to ensure that requirements are satisfied. The required nutrients by each animal differs according on body weight, milk output, milk fat, and other factors. As an outcome, the feed formulation tool can now be developed using a variety of unique ration formulation methods, such as linear programming, stochastic programming, and goal programming. Many programmes exist that create rations for various livestock species using the most cost-effective feeds available. It will also help the farmer choose feeds that fulfil the ration’s nutritional needs. ICAR-NIANP Smart Tools, Dairy cattle nutrition and feed calculator, Application for Least-Cost Ration Formulation, and Feed Chart are only a few examples.","PeriodicalId":10697,"journal":{"name":"Corpus Journal of Dairy and Veterinary Science (CJDVS)","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85845699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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