Pub Date : 2011-05-11DOI: 10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783670
R. Moriwaki, Minoru Watanabe
An optically reconfigurable gate array (ORGA) was developed recently as one multi-context device to achieve high-speed reconfiguration. Since quick context switching allows implementation of many functions onto a gate array without idle time, fast reconfiguration is extremely important for multi-context devices. In ORGAs, the easiest way to increase the reconfiguration frequency is to use high-power lasers, but such lasers increase the ORGA power consumption and package size. In some cases, they might even require a cooling system. For that reason, this paper presents a configuration speed acceleration method for a sequential circuit using a negative logic implementation without ORGA architecture modification and without any increase of laser power. Based on experimentally obtained results, this paper clarifies the acceleration method's effectiveness.
{"title":"A configuration-speed acceleration method for a sequential circuit using a negative logic implementation","authors":"R. Moriwaki, Minoru Watanabe","doi":"10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783670","url":null,"abstract":"An optically reconfigurable gate array (ORGA) was developed recently as one multi-context device to achieve high-speed reconfiguration. Since quick context switching allows implementation of many functions onto a gate array without idle time, fast reconfiguration is extremely important for multi-context devices. In ORGAs, the easiest way to increase the reconfiguration frequency is to use high-power lasers, but such lasers increase the ORGA power consumption and package size. In some cases, they might even require a cooling system. For that reason, this paper presents a configuration speed acceleration method for a sequential circuit using a negative logic implementation without ORGA architecture modification and without any increase of laser power. Based on experimentally obtained results, this paper clarifies the acceleration method's effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":107082,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Conference on Space Optical Systems and Applications (ICSOS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131529052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-11DOI: 10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783661
K. O'Keefe
Optical communication payloads require a stabilized Line Of Sight (LOS) to maximize signal. The LOS stability requirement is typically on the order of a few hundred nanoradians or less. A methodology of modeling the impacts of space vehicle disturbances and their propagation is presented that is used in the design, build, and test of the space vehicle and optical payload. The methodology permits the development of a successful system, without “overbuilding”. The three principle components of the methodology are; (1) Model Uncertainty Factor (MUF), (2) Sliding Window Analysis, and (3) Max-Median criterion. The MUF accounts for the inaccuracies in the dynamic model at various phases of the program. (e.g., Model only, after piece part test results are included in the model, after sub-assembly test, and after system test). The MUF also accounts for inaccuracies at higher frequencies of disturbance sources. The Sliding Window Analysis is used to account for the inaccuracies of exact mode frequency determination and the tunable disturbance sources. The Max-Median criterion sets the predicted performance value.
{"title":"Dynamic modeling methodology","authors":"K. O'Keefe","doi":"10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783661","url":null,"abstract":"Optical communication payloads require a stabilized Line Of Sight (LOS) to maximize signal. The LOS stability requirement is typically on the order of a few hundred nanoradians or less. A methodology of modeling the impacts of space vehicle disturbances and their propagation is presented that is used in the design, build, and test of the space vehicle and optical payload. The methodology permits the development of a successful system, without “overbuilding”. The three principle components of the methodology are; (1) Model Uncertainty Factor (MUF), (2) Sliding Window Analysis, and (3) Max-Median criterion. The MUF accounts for the inaccuracies in the dynamic model at various phases of the program. (e.g., Model only, after piece part test results are included in the model, after sub-assembly test, and after system test). The MUF also accounts for inaccuracies at higher frequencies of disturbance sources. The Sliding Window Analysis is used to account for the inaccuracies of exact mode frequency determination and the tunable disturbance sources. The Max-Median criterion sets the predicted performance value.","PeriodicalId":107082,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Conference on Space Optical Systems and Applications (ICSOS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123547878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-11DOI: 10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783688
T. Rose, C. Klimcak, D. Kozlowski, G. Sefler, H. Yura, A. Walston, N. Werner, C. Mueller
The performance of a closed loop controlled Mach-Zehnder interferometer for optical DPSK communications at 2.67 Gbps in the presence of simulated Doppler and atmospheric scintillation effects is presented. The applied frequency slew rate during testing exceeded those expected for LEO to ground or GEO, aircraft to GEO and LEO to LEO satellite lasercom links. The applied scintillation time series were derived from data collected during recent LEO to ground communications between the NFIRE satellite and the ground station at the European Space Agency observatory in Tenerife, Spain. Results are presented for a range of received power levels representing high and low SNR conditions anticipated for real lasercom systems.
{"title":"Wavelength tracking interferometer for DPSK lasercom links","authors":"T. Rose, C. Klimcak, D. Kozlowski, G. Sefler, H. Yura, A. Walston, N. Werner, C. Mueller","doi":"10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783688","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of a closed loop controlled Mach-Zehnder interferometer for optical DPSK communications at 2.67 Gbps in the presence of simulated Doppler and atmospheric scintillation effects is presented. The applied frequency slew rate during testing exceeded those expected for LEO to ground or GEO, aircraft to GEO and LEO to LEO satellite lasercom links. The applied scintillation time series were derived from data collected during recent LEO to ground communications between the NFIRE satellite and the ground station at the European Space Agency observatory in Tenerife, Spain. Results are presented for a range of received power levels representing high and low SNR conditions anticipated for real lasercom systems.","PeriodicalId":107082,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Conference on Space Optical Systems and Applications (ICSOS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123831869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-11DOI: 10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783671
E. Otón, A. Carrasco, R. Vergaz, J. Otón, J. Sánchez-Pena, X. Quintana, M. Geday
Liquid crystal devices are increasingly used as an alternative to mechanical systems in free-space beam steering and handling as they have no movable components and can be controlled by low voltages.[1]
{"title":"2D tunable beam steering - lens device based on high birefringence liquid crystals","authors":"E. Otón, A. Carrasco, R. Vergaz, J. Otón, J. Sánchez-Pena, X. Quintana, M. Geday","doi":"10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783671","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid crystal devices are increasingly used as an alternative to mechanical systems in free-space beam steering and handling as they have no movable components and can be controlled by low voltages.[1]","PeriodicalId":107082,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Conference on Space Optical Systems and Applications (ICSOS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127312121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-11DOI: 10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783657
K. Birnbaum, J. Charles, W. Farr, J. Gin, K. Quirk, W. Roberts, J. Stern, Yen-Hung Wu
Deep-space Optical Terminals (DOT) is a concept for providing bi-directional communication between a spacecraft at planetary distances and ground. The objective is a system that delivers 10 times the data-rate of a state-of-the-art Ka-band system while putting a comparable mass and power burden on the spacecraft. Here we give an overview of the concept for the Ground Laser Receiver (GLR) terminal. We discuss the selection of telescopes, receiver optics, detectors, and electronics.
{"title":"Deep-space optical terminals: Ground laser receiver","authors":"K. Birnbaum, J. Charles, W. Farr, J. Gin, K. Quirk, W. Roberts, J. Stern, Yen-Hung Wu","doi":"10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783657","url":null,"abstract":"Deep-space Optical Terminals (DOT) is a concept for providing bi-directional communication between a spacecraft at planetary distances and ground. The objective is a system that delivers 10 times the data-rate of a state-of-the-art Ka-band system while putting a comparable mass and power burden on the spacecraft. Here we give an overview of the concept for the Ground Laser Receiver (GLR) terminal. We discuss the selection of telescopes, receiver optics, detectors, and electronics.","PeriodicalId":107082,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Conference on Space Optical Systems and Applications (ICSOS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114138737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-11DOI: 10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783652
A. Carrasco-Casado, R. Vergaz, J. Sánchez-Pena, E. Otón, M. Geday, J. Otón
An air-to-ground free-space optical communication system has been designed and partially developed. The design covers both the communications between the airborne and the ground station, and the acquisition, tracking and pointing. A strong effort has been made in order to achieve the minimum payload power, size and weight, for which a MEMS modulating retroreflector has been chosen. In the ground station, a new technique for fine pointing, based on a liquid crystal device, is proposed and will be demonstrated, as well as other improvements with the aim of optimizing the ground station performance.
{"title":"Low-impact air-to-ground free-space optical communication system design and first results","authors":"A. Carrasco-Casado, R. Vergaz, J. Sánchez-Pena, E. Otón, M. Geday, J. Otón","doi":"10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783652","url":null,"abstract":"An air-to-ground free-space optical communication system has been designed and partially developed. The design covers both the communications between the airborne and the ground station, and the acquisition, tracking and pointing. A strong effort has been made in order to achieve the minimum payload power, size and weight, for which a MEMS modulating retroreflector has been chosen. In the ground station, a new technique for fine pointing, based on a liquid crystal device, is proposed and will be demonstrated, as well as other improvements with the aim of optimizing the ground station performance.","PeriodicalId":107082,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Conference on Space Optical Systems and Applications (ICSOS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127532029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-11DOI: 10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783675
D. Raible, D. Dinca, T. Nayfeh
An effective form of wireless power transmission (WPT) has been developed to enable extended mission durations, increased coverage and added capabilities for both space and terrestrial applications that may benefit from optically delivered electrical energy. The high intensity laser power beaming (HILPB) system enables long range optical ‘refueling’ of electric platforms such as micro unmanned aerial vehicles (MUAV), airships, robotic exploration missions and spacecraft platforms. To further advance the HILPB technology, the focus of this investigation is to determine the optimal laser wavelength to be used with the HILPB receiver, which utilizes vertical multi-junction (VMJ) photovoltaic cells. Frequency optimization of the laser system is necessary in order to maximize the conversion efficiency at continuous high intensities, and thus increase the delivered power density of the HILPB system. Initial spectral characterizations of the device performed at the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) indicate the approximate range of peak optical-to-electrical conversion efficiencies, but these data sets represent transient conditions under lower levels of illumination. Extending these results to high levels of steady state illumination, with attention given to the compatibility of available commercial off-the-shelf semiconductor laser sources and atmospheric transmission constraints is the primary focus of this paper. Experimental hardware results utilizing high power continuous wave (CW) semiconductor lasers at four different operational frequencies near the indicated band gap of the photovoltaic VMJ cells are presented and discussed. In addition, the highest receiver power density achieved to date is demonstrated using a single photovoltaic VMJ cell, which provided an exceptionally high electrical output of 13.6 W/cm2 at an optical-to-electrical conversion efficiency of 24 %. These results are very promising and scalable, as a potential 1.0 m2 HILPB receiver of similar construction would be able to generate 136 kW of electrical power under similar conditions.
{"title":"Optical frequency optimization of a high intensity laser power beaming system utilizing VMJ photovoltaic cells","authors":"D. Raible, D. Dinca, T. Nayfeh","doi":"10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783675","url":null,"abstract":"An effective form of wireless power transmission (WPT) has been developed to enable extended mission durations, increased coverage and added capabilities for both space and terrestrial applications that may benefit from optically delivered electrical energy. The high intensity laser power beaming (HILPB) system enables long range optical ‘refueling’ of electric platforms such as micro unmanned aerial vehicles (MUAV), airships, robotic exploration missions and spacecraft platforms. To further advance the HILPB technology, the focus of this investigation is to determine the optimal laser wavelength to be used with the HILPB receiver, which utilizes vertical multi-junction (VMJ) photovoltaic cells. Frequency optimization of the laser system is necessary in order to maximize the conversion efficiency at continuous high intensities, and thus increase the delivered power density of the HILPB system. Initial spectral characterizations of the device performed at the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) indicate the approximate range of peak optical-to-electrical conversion efficiencies, but these data sets represent transient conditions under lower levels of illumination. Extending these results to high levels of steady state illumination, with attention given to the compatibility of available commercial off-the-shelf semiconductor laser sources and atmospheric transmission constraints is the primary focus of this paper. Experimental hardware results utilizing high power continuous wave (CW) semiconductor lasers at four different operational frequencies near the indicated band gap of the photovoltaic VMJ cells are presented and discussed. In addition, the highest receiver power density achieved to date is demonstrated using a single photovoltaic VMJ cell, which provided an exceptionally high electrical output of 13.6 W/cm2 at an optical-to-electrical conversion efficiency of 24 %. These results are very promising and scalable, as a potential 1.0 m2 HILPB receiver of similar construction would be able to generate 136 kW of electrical power under similar conditions.","PeriodicalId":107082,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Conference on Space Optical Systems and Applications (ICSOS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128122529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-11DOI: 10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783659
P. Munuera, J. Cabrero, C. Rivera, F. Aragón
The work presented here describes the features and capabilities of the Spanish Optical Link Analysis Software (SW) Simulation Tool developed by the INSA Research and Development Department. This program provides communication and system engineers with a SW simulation tool to analyze optical communications links for different scenarios and with different optical payload onboard, either a standard optical terminal equipped with a telescope and an acquisition, pointing and tracking system, or a modulating retro-reflector system.
{"title":"Spanish Optical Link (SOL) Analysis Software Simulation Tool","authors":"P. Munuera, J. Cabrero, C. Rivera, F. Aragón","doi":"10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783659","url":null,"abstract":"The work presented here describes the features and capabilities of the Spanish Optical Link Analysis Software (SW) Simulation Tool developed by the INSA Research and Development Department. This program provides communication and system engineers with a SW simulation tool to analyze optical communications links for different scenarios and with different optical payload onboard, either a standard optical terminal equipped with a telescope and an acquisition, pointing and tracking system, or a modulating retro-reflector system.","PeriodicalId":107082,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Conference on Space Optical Systems and Applications (ICSOS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131399929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-11DOI: 10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783656
Katsumasa Miyatake, Yuta Fujii, M. Haruna, Jiro Suzuki, K. Kodeki, S. Yamakawa, T. Hanada
Laser-based optical inter-satellite communication equipment enables large capacity communication, which is essential for future observation satellites that handle huge amounts of data. One of the key technologies for optical inter-satellite communication equipment is the rapid, highly accurate acquisition and tracking of the corresponding satellite. Therefore we are developing a prototype of an acquisition and tracking system. Key specifications and experimental results of the sensor for the system are described in this paper.
{"title":"Development of acquisition and tracking sensor for next-generation optical inter-satellite communication","authors":"Katsumasa Miyatake, Yuta Fujii, M. Haruna, Jiro Suzuki, K. Kodeki, S. Yamakawa, T. Hanada","doi":"10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783656","url":null,"abstract":"Laser-based optical inter-satellite communication equipment enables large capacity communication, which is essential for future observation satellites that handle huge amounts of data. One of the key technologies for optical inter-satellite communication equipment is the rapid, highly accurate acquisition and tracking of the corresponding satellite. Therefore we are developing a prototype of an acquisition and tracking system. Key specifications and experimental results of the sensor for the system are described in this paper.","PeriodicalId":107082,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Conference on Space Optical Systems and Applications (ICSOS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132508065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-11DOI: 10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783709
B. Robinson, D. Boroson, D. Burianek, D. V. Murphy
The Lunar Laser Communications Demonstration represents NASA's first attempt to demonstrate optical communications from a lunar orbiting spacecraft to an Earth-based ground receiver. A low size, weight and power optical terminal will be integrated onto the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) spacecraft, presently scheduled to launch in 2013. LLCD will demonstrate duplex optical communications between this small space terminal and a multi-aperture photon-counting ground terminal at downlink data rates of up to 622 Mbps and uplink data rates of up to 20 Mbps.
{"title":"The lunar laser communications demonstration","authors":"B. Robinson, D. Boroson, D. Burianek, D. V. Murphy","doi":"10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783709","url":null,"abstract":"The Lunar Laser Communications Demonstration represents NASA's first attempt to demonstrate optical communications from a lunar orbiting spacecraft to an Earth-based ground receiver. A low size, weight and power optical terminal will be integrated onto the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) spacecraft, presently scheduled to launch in 2013. LLCD will demonstrate duplex optical communications between this small space terminal and a multi-aperture photon-counting ground terminal at downlink data rates of up to 622 Mbps and uplink data rates of up to 20 Mbps.","PeriodicalId":107082,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Conference on Space Optical Systems and Applications (ICSOS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130807234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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