Nowadays, the concentration of emerging technology is mainly based on the generation of electricity from sunlight by pollution free methods. The major problem in this type of power generation is the insufficient solar energy. This makes the generation of electricity dependent on nature. This phenomenon provides a solution for the above problem. In this phenomenon, parabolic reflectors or mirrors are placed either on the moon's surface or on the artificial satellite. By keeping parabolic reflectors or mirrors either on the moon's surface or on the artificial satellite, sunlight can be reflected earth making sunshine even during night. If a ‘Space Mirror’ with 40 meters diameter, thin, reflective film mounted on a satellite is kept, it reflects the sunlight about 5 to 7 kilometers in diameters on the earth. The brightness on the earth's surface is about 10 to 12 full moons (Lunettes). The thickness of reflector is about 7 microns. The thin film reflector wound on reels can be furled or unfurled according to the necessity. This phenomenon will reduce the power consumption using conventional power given to the remoteness, especially illuminating Arctic cities, in the permanent night of long winter. A constellation of large light reflectors could provide lighting to several large cities especially in Polar Regions
{"title":"Sun at the night","authors":"Angusundaresh Krishnakumar, Balaviknesh Nagamanickam","doi":"10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783668","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, the concentration of emerging technology is mainly based on the generation of electricity from sunlight by pollution free methods. The major problem in this type of power generation is the insufficient solar energy. This makes the generation of electricity dependent on nature. This phenomenon provides a solution for the above problem. In this phenomenon, parabolic reflectors or mirrors are placed either on the moon's surface or on the artificial satellite. By keeping parabolic reflectors or mirrors either on the moon's surface or on the artificial satellite, sunlight can be reflected earth making sunshine even during night. If a ‘Space Mirror’ with 40 meters diameter, thin, reflective film mounted on a satellite is kept, it reflects the sunlight about 5 to 7 kilometers in diameters on the earth. The brightness on the earth's surface is about 10 to 12 full moons (Lunettes). The thickness of reflector is about 7 microns. The thin film reflector wound on reels can be furled or unfurled according to the necessity. This phenomenon will reduce the power consumption using conventional power given to the remoteness, especially illuminating Arctic cities, in the permanent night of long winter. A constellation of large light reflectors could provide lighting to several large cities especially in Polar Regions","PeriodicalId":107082,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Conference on Space Optical Systems and Applications (ICSOS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124836722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-11DOI: 10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783662
A. Sahai, D. Graham
Lasers diodes convert electrical power to a highly collimated beam of Optical power that may propagate over meters with insignificant losses. At the the other end of this optical link Photovoltaic diodes may be used to retrieve electrical power. This point-to-point wireless power transmission is safe if all the optical power is accounted for using an information feedback from the receiver. In addition, safety can also be guaranteed by monitoring the periphery of the optical beam. Optical fields at long wavelengths > 1400nm have lower absorption losses and have higher threshold power density (Poptical(W) over m2) for human safety. We present various technological challenges in the design and preliminary experimental results of such a system which may be integrated into compact packages.
{"title":"Optical wireless power transmission at long wavelengths","authors":"A. Sahai, D. Graham","doi":"10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783662","url":null,"abstract":"Lasers diodes convert electrical power to a highly collimated beam of Optical power that may propagate over meters with insignificant losses. At the the other end of this optical link Photovoltaic diodes may be used to retrieve electrical power. This point-to-point wireless power transmission is safe if all the optical power is accounted for using an information feedback from the receiver. In addition, safety can also be guaranteed by monitoring the periphery of the optical beam. Optical fields at long wavelengths > 1400nm have lower absorption losses and have higher threshold power density (Poptical(W) over m2) for human safety. We present various technological challenges in the design and preliminary experimental results of such a system which may be integrated into compact packages.","PeriodicalId":107082,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Conference on Space Optical Systems and Applications (ICSOS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126486999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-11DOI: 10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783713
Y. Takayama, Y. Koyama, Y. Shoji, M. Toyoshima
An approach to control the pointing direction of a telescope in which one more rotation axis is added to the conventional set of the azimuth axis and the elevation axis is studied. The aim is to find a possibility to reduce loads on driving mechanisms by decreasing the rotational angular velocity required when the telescope tracks a moving object. In such a tri-axial telescope system, the multiple sets of solutions are mathematically found as the rotation angles around the three axes respectively, because the pointing direction of the telescope can be in principle determined by two independent angles such as a set of the azimuth angle and the elevation angle. Therefore, to obtain the unique set of angles, the process to calculate the solution is divided into two steps. The algorithms are described, and the rotation angles and the angular velocities of the three axes are calculated with a case of a LEO satellite tracking. The results show that the tri-axial telescope can track the LEO satellite without the requirement of too fast rotation angular velocity even when the satellite passes through almost the zenith, which implies that the load on driving mechanisms can be reduced much.
{"title":"Studies on operation characteristics of triaxial telescope for satellite-ground laser communications","authors":"Y. Takayama, Y. Koyama, Y. Shoji, M. Toyoshima","doi":"10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783713","url":null,"abstract":"An approach to control the pointing direction of a telescope in which one more rotation axis is added to the conventional set of the azimuth axis and the elevation axis is studied. The aim is to find a possibility to reduce loads on driving mechanisms by decreasing the rotational angular velocity required when the telescope tracks a moving object. In such a tri-axial telescope system, the multiple sets of solutions are mathematically found as the rotation angles around the three axes respectively, because the pointing direction of the telescope can be in principle determined by two independent angles such as a set of the azimuth angle and the elevation angle. Therefore, to obtain the unique set of angles, the process to calculate the solution is divided into two steps. The algorithms are described, and the rotation angles and the angular velocities of the three axes are calculated with a case of a LEO satellite tracking. The results show that the tri-axial telescope can track the LEO satellite without the requirement of too fast rotation angular velocity even when the satellite passes through almost the zenith, which implies that the load on driving mechanisms can be reduced much.","PeriodicalId":107082,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Conference on Space Optical Systems and Applications (ICSOS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132026043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-11DOI: 10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783665
Huilin Jiang, Peng Liu, S. Tong
Free space optical(FSO) communication can provide high bandwidth, high security communication services. it is attractive for its convenient establish the communication link and low power consuming. As the active received area of optical fiber is very small, when using optical fiber technology in FSO system, we must consider the effects of angle of arrival. Tracking subsystem is an effective method to mitigate the effects of turbulence. Using tracking system FSO demonstration, We found that when the turbulence is strong, the received power intensity fluctuation is very large. This is because when the turbulence is strong, the tracking error tracking subsystem increased a lot; therefore sometime the tracking system cannot focus the optical signal into the fiber. The bit error rate of communication system increase a lot. Time diversity is a useful technology for the time varied channel. We use theoretical analysis and did numerical simulations on the new scheme of time diversity FSO system with tracking antenna; The independent time interval of the system is also discussed. we found the new scheme can improve the throughput performance of conventional FSO system.
{"title":"Performance analysis of time-diversity scheme through atmospheric turbulence by using beam tracking antenna","authors":"Huilin Jiang, Peng Liu, S. Tong","doi":"10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783665","url":null,"abstract":"Free space optical(FSO) communication can provide high bandwidth, high security communication services. it is attractive for its convenient establish the communication link and low power consuming. As the active received area of optical fiber is very small, when using optical fiber technology in FSO system, we must consider the effects of angle of arrival. Tracking subsystem is an effective method to mitigate the effects of turbulence. Using tracking system FSO demonstration, We found that when the turbulence is strong, the received power intensity fluctuation is very large. This is because when the turbulence is strong, the tracking error tracking subsystem increased a lot; therefore sometime the tracking system cannot focus the optical signal into the fiber. The bit error rate of communication system increase a lot. Time diversity is a useful technology for the time varied channel. We use theoretical analysis and did numerical simulations on the new scheme of time diversity FSO system with tracking antenna; The independent time interval of the system is also discussed. we found the new scheme can improve the throughput performance of conventional FSO system.","PeriodicalId":107082,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Conference on Space Optical Systems and Applications (ICSOS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115905876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-11DOI: 10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783704
U. Sterr, M. Gregory, F. Heine
Starting November 2007 and continuing through the present TESAT has been conducting successfully optical inter-satellite communication links utilizing a secondary laser communication payload built by Tesat-Spacecom funded by DLR. Two satellites, TerraSAR-X (TSX), a commercial SAR satellite partially funded by the German Space Agency (DLR) and NFIRE (Near-Field InfraRed Experiment) are equipped with one laser communication payload each.
{"title":"Beaconless acquisition for ISL and SGL, summary of 3 years operation in space and on ground","authors":"U. Sterr, M. Gregory, F. Heine","doi":"10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783704","url":null,"abstract":"Starting November 2007 and continuing through the present TESAT has been conducting successfully optical inter-satellite communication links utilizing a secondary laser communication payload built by Tesat-Spacecom funded by DLR. Two satellites, TerraSAR-X (TSX), a commercial SAR satellite partially funded by the German Space Agency (DLR) and NFIRE (Near-Field InfraRed Experiment) are equipped with one laser communication payload each.","PeriodicalId":107082,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Conference on Space Optical Systems and Applications (ICSOS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122768922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-11DOI: 10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783718
R. Daddato, Klaus-Jürgen Schulz, I. Zayer
By the year 2025 the European Space Agency plans to be operating a number of currently studied or planned scientific missions which will place satellites in orbits around the Moon, the Earth-Sun Lagrange points, and Mars and Jupiter. Initial studies are underway to determine the feasibility of providing optical communications systems for dedicated science data channels with the objective to improve upon the present workhorse radio frequency link bandwidths by an order of magnitude within similar mass, power, and size limitations. The target is to provide 100 Mbps channel bandwidth from a distance of 1 AU with a global communication link availability of > 95%.
{"title":"Deep space science downlinks via optical communication","authors":"R. Daddato, Klaus-Jürgen Schulz, I. Zayer","doi":"10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783718","url":null,"abstract":"By the year 2025 the European Space Agency plans to be operating a number of currently studied or planned scientific missions which will place satellites in orbits around the Moon, the Earth-Sun Lagrange points, and Mars and Jupiter. Initial studies are underway to determine the feasibility of providing optical communications systems for dedicated science data channels with the objective to improve upon the present workhorse radio frequency link bandwidths by an order of magnitude within similar mass, power, and size limitations. The target is to provide 100 Mbps channel bandwidth from a distance of 1 AU with a global communication link availability of > 95%.","PeriodicalId":107082,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Conference on Space Optical Systems and Applications (ICSOS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128773823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-11DOI: 10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783696
M. Gregory, P. Hoeher
Free-space optical data links (FSO) can provide high bandwidth and secure data transmission. Since channel impacts like fog or atmospheric turbulence are decreasing the network availability, a microwave (RF) backup link is desirable. In this paper, the maritime environment is considered. The impact of channel coding is studied for multi-aperture (MIMO) FSO links with different scintillation index. In addition, an adaptive coding scheme is proposed, maximizing the availability of the combined hybrid (RF/FSO) network regarding the full range of possible signal distortions.
{"title":"Adaptive channel coding for maritime FSO channels with RF feedback link","authors":"M. Gregory, P. Hoeher","doi":"10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783696","url":null,"abstract":"Free-space optical data links (FSO) can provide high bandwidth and secure data transmission. Since channel impacts like fog or atmospheric turbulence are decreasing the network availability, a microwave (RF) backup link is desirable. In this paper, the maritime environment is considered. The impact of channel coding is studied for multi-aperture (MIMO) FSO links with different scintillation index. In addition, an adaptive coding scheme is proposed, maximizing the availability of the combined hybrid (RF/FSO) network regarding the full range of possible signal distortions.","PeriodicalId":107082,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Conference on Space Optical Systems and Applications (ICSOS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125052619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-11DOI: 10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783687
K. Wilson, A. Biswas, J. Schoolcraft
A lunar surface systems study explores the application of optical communications to support a high bandwidth data link from a lunar relay satellite and from fixed lunar assets. The results show that existing 1-m ground stations could provide more than 99% coverage of the lunar terminal at 100Mb/s data rates from a lunar relay satellite and in excess of 200Mb/s from a fixed terminal on the lunar surface. We have looked at the effects of the lunar regolith and its removal on optical samples. Our results indicate that under repeated dust removal episodes sapphire rather than fused silica would be a more durable material for optical surfaces. Disruption tolerant network protocols can minimize the data loss due to link dropouts. We report on the preliminary results of the DTN protocol implemented over the optical carrier.
{"title":"A study of an optical lunar surface communications network with high bandwidth direct to earth link","authors":"K. Wilson, A. Biswas, J. Schoolcraft","doi":"10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783687","url":null,"abstract":"A lunar surface systems study explores the application of optical communications to support a high bandwidth data link from a lunar relay satellite and from fixed lunar assets. The results show that existing 1-m ground stations could provide more than 99% coverage of the lunar terminal at 100Mb/s data rates from a lunar relay satellite and in excess of 200Mb/s from a fixed terminal on the lunar surface. We have looked at the effects of the lunar regolith and its removal on optical samples. Our results indicate that under repeated dust removal episodes sapphire rather than fused silica would be a more durable material for optical surfaces. Disruption tolerant network protocols can minimize the data loss due to link dropouts. We report on the preliminary results of the DTN protocol implemented over the optical carrier.","PeriodicalId":107082,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Conference on Space Optical Systems and Applications (ICSOS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125117733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-11DOI: 10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783654
W. Farr, S. Sburlan, A. Sahasrabudhe, K. Birnbaum
The laser beacon power required by a communication terminal for acquisition and tracking in deep space optical link scenarios can be reduced by a factor of 10 to 100 by replacing an integrating array, such as a CCD, with an array of single photon detectors. An additional benefit of the single photon detector array is that each pixel can have MHz bandwidths, allowing simultaneous recovery of photon time-of-arrival information that can be used for uplink data recovery or range measurements.
{"title":"Deep space acquisition and tracking with single photon detector arrays","authors":"W. Farr, S. Sburlan, A. Sahasrabudhe, K. Birnbaum","doi":"10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783654","url":null,"abstract":"The laser beacon power required by a communication terminal for acquisition and tracking in deep space optical link scenarios can be reduced by a factor of 10 to 100 by replacing an integrating array, such as a CCD, with an array of single photon detectors. An additional benefit of the single photon detector array is that each pixel can have MHz bandwidths, allowing simultaneous recovery of photon time-of-arrival information that can be used for uplink data recovery or range measurements.","PeriodicalId":107082,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Conference on Space Optical Systems and Applications (ICSOS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127333648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-11DOI: 10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783680
Weiwei Zhang, Xiaolin Zhou, W. Shen
In this paper, a turbo-coded optical interleave-division multiple-access (OIDMA) scheme is studied. A maximum a posteriori (MAP) based asynchronous on-off keying (OOK) MUD algorithm is proposed. Besides, system capacity is analyzed with an iterative technique called SNR evolution. BER is evaluated over log-normal turbulence channels, taking into consideration the effects of thermal noise and background noise. Simulation results show that the proposed OIDMA scheme has good convergence property and low BER performance. Moreover, the related interleaver-based iteration MUD algorithm is quite robust in the asynchronous scenarios.
{"title":"An interleaver-based atmospheric optical multiple access scheme: Capacity and BER performance","authors":"Weiwei Zhang, Xiaolin Zhou, W. Shen","doi":"10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783680","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a turbo-coded optical interleave-division multiple-access (OIDMA) scheme is studied. A maximum a posteriori (MAP) based asynchronous on-off keying (OOK) MUD algorithm is proposed. Besides, system capacity is analyzed with an iterative technique called SNR evolution. BER is evaluated over log-normal turbulence channels, taking into consideration the effects of thermal noise and background noise. Simulation results show that the proposed OIDMA scheme has good convergence property and low BER performance. Moreover, the related interleaver-based iteration MUD algorithm is quite robust in the asynchronous scenarios.","PeriodicalId":107082,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Conference on Space Optical Systems and Applications (ICSOS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116912313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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