Pub Date : 2018-09-11DOI: 10.4995/IDS2018.2018.7740
Nora Alina Ruprecht, R. Kohlus
The residence time distribution (RTD) in a pilot plant spray dryer was characterised for two kinds of air distributors (centrifugal and parallel flow) and for different atomizing air pressures. To determine the RTD - and the RTD of different particle size fractions - the particle concentration and size at the dryer outlet was measured continuously using a particle counter. Results were modelled using the Bodenstein number and the CSTR in series model. An increasing nozzle pressure leads to a decrease in mean residence time and a more narrow distribution. The influence of nozzle pressure is more pronounced than of air distributor and particle size fraction. Keywords: Residence time distribution; Particle size; Bodenstein number modelling; Nozzle influence; Mechanism of air distribution
{"title":"Determination and modelling of the particle size dependent residence time distribution in a pilot plant spray dryer","authors":"Nora Alina Ruprecht, R. Kohlus","doi":"10.4995/IDS2018.2018.7740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/IDS2018.2018.7740","url":null,"abstract":"The residence time distribution (RTD) in a pilot plant spray dryer was characterised for two kinds of air distributors (centrifugal and parallel flow) and for different atomizing air pressures. To determine the RTD - and the RTD of different particle size fractions - the particle concentration and size at the dryer outlet was measured continuously using a particle counter. Results were modelled using the Bodenstein number and the CSTR in series model. An increasing nozzle pressure leads to a decrease in mean residence time and a more narrow distribution. The influence of nozzle pressure is more pronounced than of air distributor and particle size fraction. Keywords: Residence time distribution; Particle size; Bodenstein number modelling; Nozzle influence; Mechanism of air distribution ","PeriodicalId":107148,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 21th International Drying Symposium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132054596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-11DOI: 10.4995/IDS2018.2018.7423
Aline Mesnier, M. Rouabah, C. Cogné, R. Peczalski, Séverine Vessot-Crastes, P. Vacus, J. Andrieu
The flow mechanics and heat transfer phenomena within a bed of milli-metric size spherical beads rotated and heated by contact in a horizontal drum were simulated by means of commercial discrete element software EDEM. Mono-dispersed and bi-dispersed beds (two particle sizes or two particle densities) were considered. The mechanical segregation index (standard deviation of local bed compositions) and the thermal segregation index (standard deviation of beads temperatures) were calculated for the different types of bed and same operating conditions. The thermal segregation was found to be enhanced by mechanical segregation and was much stronger for bi-dispersed beds than for monodispersed one. Keywords: rotating drum; particulate solid; segregation; contact heat transfer; DEM simulation.
{"title":"Mechanical and thermal segregation of milli-beads during contact heating in a rotary drum. DEM modeling and simulation.","authors":"Aline Mesnier, M. Rouabah, C. Cogné, R. Peczalski, Séverine Vessot-Crastes, P. Vacus, J. Andrieu","doi":"10.4995/IDS2018.2018.7423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/IDS2018.2018.7423","url":null,"abstract":"The flow mechanics and heat transfer phenomena within a bed of milli-metric size spherical beads rotated and heated by contact in a horizontal drum were simulated by means of commercial discrete element software EDEM. Mono-dispersed and bi-dispersed beds (two particle sizes or two particle densities) were considered. The mechanical segregation index (standard deviation of local bed compositions) and the thermal segregation index (standard deviation of beads temperatures) were calculated for the different types of bed and same operating conditions. The thermal segregation was found to be enhanced by mechanical segregation and was much stronger for bi-dispersed beds than for monodispersed one. Keywords: rotating drum; particulate solid; segregation; contact heat transfer; DEM simulation. ","PeriodicalId":107148,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 21th International Drying Symposium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133877147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-11DOI: 10.4995/IDS2018.2018.7961
Wangshu Chen, J. Colin, J. Casalinho, Mohammed El Amine Ben Amara, M. Stambouli, P. Perré
Vibration is a promising way to intensify the drying process through heating-up due to viscous dissipation, activation of internal liquid transfer and increase of external transfer. To better assess the possible contribution of these effects, we choose a multiscale approach. This paper is focused on the pore scale, simulated by a capillary tube partially filled with water subjected to sinusoidal vibrations. We studied the displacement of water inside this tube through image analysis. This configuration mimics the moisture transfer inside the pores of a porous media during drying. The experimental device developed in this study is applicable to a wide range of configurations, such as symmetrical or asymmetrical vibrations. Keywords: drying intensification, acoustic vibration, pore scale, symmetrical and asymmetrical signals, image processing.
{"title":"Drying intensification by vibration: fundamental study of liquid water inside a pore","authors":"Wangshu Chen, J. Colin, J. Casalinho, Mohammed El Amine Ben Amara, M. Stambouli, P. Perré","doi":"10.4995/IDS2018.2018.7961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/IDS2018.2018.7961","url":null,"abstract":"Vibration is a promising way to intensify the drying process through heating-up due to viscous dissipation, activation of internal liquid transfer and increase of external transfer. To better assess the possible contribution of these effects, we choose a multiscale approach. This paper is focused on the pore scale, simulated by a capillary tube partially filled with water subjected to sinusoidal vibrations. We studied the displacement of water inside this tube through image analysis. This configuration mimics the moisture transfer inside the pores of a porous media during drying. The experimental device developed in this study is applicable to a wide range of configurations, such as symmetrical or asymmetrical vibrations. Keywords: drying intensification, acoustic vibration, pore scale, symmetrical and asymmetrical signals, image processing.","PeriodicalId":107148,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 21th International Drying Symposium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123235779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-11DOI: 10.4995/IDS2018.2018.7300
J. Havlík, T. Dlouhý
This paper deals with energy savings by the heat recovery of waste vapour from moist biomass drying in energy systems. Drying is an energy-intensive process. Energy consumption can be reduced by using indirect drying by recuperating the heat of waste vapour generated in the process; however the vapour is polluted by air and small mechanical particles. Experiments with green wood chips were realized on an indirect dryer with a condensing heat exchanger to experimentally verify the grade and conditions of heat recovery from waste vapour. On the basis of the experimental results, the potential of the heat recovery from waste vapour was evaluated. Keywords: Indirect drying; Biomass; Waste vapour; Heat recovery
{"title":"Heat recovery from biomass drying in energy systems","authors":"J. Havlík, T. Dlouhý","doi":"10.4995/IDS2018.2018.7300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/IDS2018.2018.7300","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with energy savings by the heat recovery of waste vapour from moist biomass drying in energy systems. Drying is an energy-intensive process. Energy consumption can be reduced by using indirect drying by recuperating the heat of waste vapour generated in the process; however the vapour is polluted by air and small mechanical particles. Experiments with green wood chips were realized on an indirect dryer with a condensing heat exchanger to experimentally verify the grade and conditions of heat recovery from waste vapour. On the basis of the experimental results, the potential of the heat recovery from waste vapour was evaluated. Keywords: Indirect drying; Biomass; Waste vapour; Heat recovery","PeriodicalId":107148,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 21th International Drying Symposium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124120622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-11DOI: 10.4995/ids2018.2018.7384
S. Mondal, Puja Agarwala, Suvankar Dutta, V. Naik-Nimbalkar, Pratik Pande, S. Dhumal
Process modeling of conveyer dryer for cellulosic fibre drying demands many fundamental insights. Present study highlights detailed cellulosic fibre drying aspects like mass transfer correlation relating mass transfer rate with process conditions, normalized drying curve and critical moisture content. Cellulosic fibre drying follows falling rate period, where rate of mass transfer decreases with moisture content. Conveyer dryer process model for commercial cellulosic fibre drying was developed and validated successfully. Moderate drying strategy derived based on developed process model and drying fundamentals was deployed at commercial scale which helped in reducing the moisture variability. Keywords: Cellulosic fibre, Conveyor dryer, Process Model, Sherwood number, Moderate drying
{"title":"Cellulosic fibre drying: fundamental understanding and process modeling","authors":"S. Mondal, Puja Agarwala, Suvankar Dutta, V. Naik-Nimbalkar, Pratik Pande, S. Dhumal","doi":"10.4995/ids2018.2018.7384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7384","url":null,"abstract":"Process modeling of conveyer dryer for cellulosic fibre drying demands many fundamental insights. Present study highlights detailed cellulosic fibre drying aspects like mass transfer correlation relating mass transfer rate with process conditions, normalized drying curve and critical moisture content. Cellulosic fibre drying follows falling rate period, where rate of mass transfer decreases with moisture content. Conveyer dryer process model for commercial cellulosic fibre drying was developed and validated successfully. Moderate drying strategy derived based on developed process model and drying fundamentals was deployed at commercial scale which helped in reducing the moisture variability. Keywords: Cellulosic fibre, Conveyor dryer, Process Model, Sherwood number, Moderate drying ","PeriodicalId":107148,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 21th International Drying Symposium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133351511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-11DOI: 10.4995/IDS2018.2018.7624
Gabriela Silveira da Rosa, S. Vanga, Y. Gariépy, V. Raghavan
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of convective and vacuum drying on properties of biodegradable films. The film-forming solutions were prepared with bovine gelatin and carrageenan. The films solutions were dried in convective and vacuum dryers at temperatures of 40, 50 and 60 oC. The results of convective drying kinetics of biofilms showed a constant drying rate period followed by a falling drying rate period. The results of thickness showed dependence with moisture content present in films.Carrageenan films showed promising results, with high values of tensile strength and elongation for convective drying at 60 oC. Keywords: gelatin; carrageenan; drying; biofilm
{"title":"The effect of drying on the mechanical properties and structure of biodegradable films","authors":"Gabriela Silveira da Rosa, S. Vanga, Y. Gariépy, V. Raghavan","doi":"10.4995/IDS2018.2018.7624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/IDS2018.2018.7624","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of convective and vacuum drying on properties of biodegradable films. The film-forming solutions were prepared with bovine gelatin and carrageenan. The films solutions were dried in convective and vacuum dryers at temperatures of 40, 50 and 60 oC. The results of convective drying kinetics of biofilms showed a constant drying rate period followed by a falling drying rate period. The results of thickness showed dependence with moisture content present in films.Carrageenan films showed promising results, with high values of tensile strength and elongation for convective drying at 60 oC. Keywords: gelatin; carrageenan; drying; biofilm ","PeriodicalId":107148,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 21th International Drying Symposium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132071435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-11DOI: 10.4995/IDS2018.2018.7943
G. Almeida, P. Perré
The knowledge of water vapour diffusion in materials is very important in several fields of application (drying, building materials, biofilms…). Regarding the drying process, the value of mass diffusivity, as well as its variations with moisture content, governs the second drying period, which is the most important in terms of drying time, energy consumption and product quality. In the case of biomaterials used for building insulation, this parameter is essential for transformation processes, including drying, but also for the proper design and use of buildings. Concerning biofilms, barrier properties are one of the most important physical properties of these materials to properly ensure a good end use. Nevertheless, experimental data of mass uptake of some biomaterials showed that did not follow the standard Fickian model. The precise determination of this non-Fickian behaviour showed to be a difficult task since the physical phenomena responsible for such behaviours depend on the biomaterial structure and physical properties. In particular, the abnormal macroscopic behaviour could result from the pore morphology (dual-scale effects), from the nano-structure, from the molecular reorganisation, or a combination of these spatial scales. This conference proposes a new methodology to quantify the non-Fickian diffusion. Based on a macroscopic formulation of coupled heat and mass transfer with kernel functions, the model parameters, intrinsic characteristic of the product of interest are determined by inverse analysis. Several complementary transient experiments can be analysed simultaneously, which insures the method robustness. Application examples are proposed for different products, including lignocellulosic materials and nanostructured biofilms.
{"title":"Non-Fickian diffusion in biomaterials","authors":"G. Almeida, P. Perré","doi":"10.4995/IDS2018.2018.7943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/IDS2018.2018.7943","url":null,"abstract":"The knowledge of water vapour diffusion in materials is very important in several fields of application (drying, building materials, biofilms…). Regarding the drying process, the value of mass diffusivity, as well as its variations with moisture content, governs the second drying period, which is the most important in terms of drying time, energy consumption and product quality. In the case of biomaterials used for building insulation, this parameter is essential for transformation processes, including drying, but also for the proper design and use of buildings. Concerning biofilms, barrier properties are one of the most important physical properties of these materials to properly ensure a good end use. Nevertheless, experimental data of mass uptake of some biomaterials showed that did not follow the standard Fickian model. The precise determination of this non-Fickian behaviour showed to be a difficult task since the physical phenomena responsible for such behaviours depend on the biomaterial structure and physical properties. In particular, the abnormal macroscopic behaviour could result from the pore morphology (dual-scale effects), from the nano-structure, from the molecular reorganisation, or a combination of these spatial scales. This conference proposes a new methodology to quantify the non-Fickian diffusion. Based on a macroscopic formulation of coupled heat and mass transfer with kernel functions, the model parameters, intrinsic characteristic of the product of interest are determined by inverse analysis. Several complementary transient experiments can be analysed simultaneously, which insures the method robustness. Application examples are proposed for different products, including lignocellulosic materials and nanostructured biofilms.","PeriodicalId":107148,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 21th International Drying Symposium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124259787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-11DOI: 10.4995/IDS2018.2018.7787
Ronaldo Elias de Mello-Júnior, J. Junqueira, J. Corrêa, K. S. Mendonça, Lucas de Carvalho
The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of vacuum application on the phenolic acid content of osmodehydrated eggplant, carrot and beetroot samples. The contents of catechins and chlorogenic acid were determined by HPLC analysis. Changes in the contents of phenolic acids after the osmotic processes were observed. It was found a reduction in catechins and chlorogenic acids, probable due to the migration and degradation losses. In a general way, the vacuum reduced the catechin and chlorogenic acid contents, compared to the osmotic dehydration at atmospheric pressure. Keywords: Pulsed vacuum osmotic dehydration; chlorogenic acid; catechins.
{"title":"Osmotic dehydration of eggplant, carrot and beetroot slices: Effect of vacuum on phenolic acid composition","authors":"Ronaldo Elias de Mello-Júnior, J. Junqueira, J. Corrêa, K. S. Mendonça, Lucas de Carvalho","doi":"10.4995/IDS2018.2018.7787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/IDS2018.2018.7787","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of vacuum application on the phenolic acid content of osmodehydrated eggplant, carrot and beetroot samples. The contents of catechins and chlorogenic acid were determined by HPLC analysis. Changes in the contents of phenolic acids after the osmotic processes were observed. It was found a reduction in catechins and chlorogenic acids, probable due to the migration and degradation losses. In a general way, the vacuum reduced the catechin and chlorogenic acid contents, compared to the osmotic dehydration at atmospheric pressure. Keywords: Pulsed vacuum osmotic dehydration; chlorogenic acid; catechins. ","PeriodicalId":107148,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 21th International Drying Symposium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121120358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-11DOI: 10.4995/IDS2018.2018.7686
Umair Jamil Ur Rahman, Ilias Baiazitov, A. Pożarlik, G. Brem
In order to develop an alternative spray drying technology, a high drying rate in a smaller volume must be achieved. In this paper, results of CFD study are presented, carried out to investigate the possibility of spray drying in a novel design vortex chamber. The model is validated against experimental data, that makes a good agreement with an average error of 7% with only air and 24% with water spray. Results of temperature fields and droplet impact positions are discussed. The computations demonstrate that vortex chamber spray dryer can be an attractive solution for drying technology. Keywords: CFD; spray drying; vortex chamber; atomization;
{"title":"CFD study of air flow patterns and droplet trajectories in a lab scale vortex chamber spray dryer","authors":"Umair Jamil Ur Rahman, Ilias Baiazitov, A. Pożarlik, G. Brem","doi":"10.4995/IDS2018.2018.7686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/IDS2018.2018.7686","url":null,"abstract":"In order to develop an alternative spray drying technology, a high drying rate in a smaller volume must be achieved. In this paper, results of CFD study are presented, carried out to investigate the possibility of spray drying in a novel design vortex chamber. The model is validated against experimental data, that makes a good agreement with an average error of 7% with only air and 24% with water spray. Results of temperature fields and droplet impact positions are discussed. The computations demonstrate that vortex chamber spray dryer can be an attractive solution for drying technology. Keywords: CFD; spray drying; vortex chamber; atomization; ","PeriodicalId":107148,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 21th International Drying Symposium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125598495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-07DOI: 10.4995/IDS2018.2018.7744
Elsa Acosta-Piantini, M. Villarán, J. Lombraña
The main objective of this work is to encapsulate and dry the bacterium probiotic Lactobacillus casei applying three different drying techniques (lyophilization, fluidized bed and flash freeze drying) as well as to evaluate their viability during storage in the dark at 20ºC and 34% relative humidity for 28 days. In addition, to compare viability of the bacterium processed with flash freeze drying with cryoprotectant (skim milk) and without cryoprotectant. In the case of flash freeze drying, the final level of viability shows the potential of this drying technique with much less operating costs than lyophilization. Keywords: Encapsulated, probiotics, lactobacillus, casei, drying
{"title":"Stabilization of encapsulated probiotics from the bacterium Lactobacillus casei by different drying techniques","authors":"Elsa Acosta-Piantini, M. Villarán, J. Lombraña","doi":"10.4995/IDS2018.2018.7744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/IDS2018.2018.7744","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this work is to encapsulate and dry the bacterium probiotic Lactobacillus casei applying three different drying techniques (lyophilization, fluidized bed and flash freeze drying) as well as to evaluate their viability during storage in the dark at 20ºC and 34% relative humidity for 28 days. In addition, to compare viability of the bacterium processed with flash freeze drying with cryoprotectant (skim milk) and without cryoprotectant. In the case of flash freeze drying, the final level of viability shows the potential of this drying technique with much less operating costs than lyophilization. Keywords: Encapsulated, probiotics, lactobacillus, casei, drying ","PeriodicalId":107148,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 21th International Drying Symposium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115464022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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