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Empirical optimization of dual-sgRNA design for in vivo CRISPR/Cas9-mediated exon deletion in mice CRISPR/ cas9介导的小鼠体外外显子缺失双sgrna设计的实证优化
IF 4.1 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2026.01.002
Sung-Yeon Lee, Seongwon Ma, Sangjun Davie Jeon, Hyoju Kim, Beomjoon Jo, Seung-Hoon Han, Eunsoo Jang, Jimin Lee, Yong-Kyu Lee, Dasom Lee
CRISPR/Cas9 has transformed gene editing, enabling precise genetic modifications across species. However, existing sgRNA design prediction models based on in vitro data are difficult to generalize to in vivo contexts. In particular, approaches based on single-sgRNA design require additional filtering of in-frame mutations, which is inefficient in terms of both time and cost. In this study, we developed the first mammalian in vivo-trained prediction model to evaluate the efficiency of a dual-sgRNA-based exon deletion strategy. Using 230 editing outcomes of postnatal viable individuals, eight prediction models were constructed and evaluated based on generalized linear models and Random Forests. The final selected model, a Combined GLM, integrated the DeepSpCas9 score with k-mer sequence features, achieving an AUC of 0.759 (95 % Confidence Interval: 0.697–0.821). Motif analysis revealed that CC sequences were associated with high efficiency and TT sequences were associated with low editing efficiency. This study demonstrates that integrating sequence-based features with existing design scores can improve sgRNA efficiency prediction in vivo. The proposed framework can be applied to the development of next-generation sgRNA design tools, with implications for gene therapy, effective animal model generation, and precision genome engineering.
CRISPR/Cas9改变了基因编辑,实现了物种间精确的基因修饰。然而,现有的基于体外数据的sgRNA设计预测模型难以推广到体内环境。特别是,基于单sgrna设计的方法需要对帧内突变进行额外的过滤,这在时间和成本方面都是低效的。在这项研究中,我们开发了第一个哺乳动物体内训练的预测模型来评估基于双sgrna的外显子删除策略的效率。利用230个出生后存活个体的编辑结果,基于广义线性模型和随机森林构建了8个预测模型并进行了评估。最终选择的模型是一个组合GLM,将DeepSpCas9评分与k-mer序列特征集成在一起,AUC为0.759(95 %置信区间:0.697-0.821)。基序分析表明,CC序列具有较高的编辑效率,而TT序列具有较低的编辑效率。该研究表明,将基于序列的特征与现有的设计评分相结合可以提高体内sgRNA效率的预测。该框架可应用于下一代sgRNA设计工具的开发,对基因治疗、有效的动物模型生成和精确的基因组工程具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Network pharmacology of cellular targets in major depressive disorder and differential mechanisms of fluoxetine, ketamine and esketamine 重度抑郁症细胞靶点的网络药理学及氟西汀、氯胺酮和艾氯胺酮的差异机制
IF 4.1 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2025.12.023
Silvia Tapia-Gonzalez , Josué García Yagüe , George E. Barreto
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a multifactorial mental health condition involving genetic, environmental, and neurobiological factors. Conventional antidepressants such as fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, require weeks to exert therapeutic effects, whereas ketamine and esketamine act rapidly via glutamatergic modulation. These drugs may also converge on the inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3B) as a key mechanism for their antidepressant effects, increasing neuroplasticity, synaptic transmission, and neuronal survival through upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Part of the antidepressant effects of ketamine also seems to depend on opioid receptor activation. Despite recent progress, variability in antidepressant response in MDD remains unclear. This work explores, via meta-analysis and network fragility analysis, key molecular mechanisms in MDD, how these drugs exert actions, and highlights potential therapeutic targets for MDD. We performed a network pharmacology approach to unravel the key cellular processes involved in MDD, including altered synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, apoptosis, and neuroinflammation. Second, we explored the therapeutic role of these treatments on these altered cellular processes. By integrating drug-target data with MDD-associated genes, we identified the opioid receptor mu 1 (OPRM1), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and GSK3B as key druggable targets. Network analysis further suggested that nuclear factor kappa B (NFKB) may regulate all three, positioning it as a central node linking inflammation, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal metabolism in MDD. We hypothesize that targeted modulation of these genes may optimize the therapeutic efficacy, while NFKB emerges as a promising candidate biomarker for guiding treatment strategies in MDD.
重度抑郁症(MDD)是一种涉及遗传、环境和神经生物学因素的多因素精神健康状况。传统的抗抑郁药,如氟西汀,一种选择性血清素再摄取抑制剂,需要数周才能发挥治疗效果,而氯胺酮和艾氯胺酮通过谷氨酸调节迅速起作用。这些药物也可能集中于抑制糖原合成酶激酶3 β (GSK3B),这是其抗抑郁作用的关键机制,通过上调脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)来增加神经可塑性、突触传递和神经元存活。氯胺酮的部分抗抑郁作用似乎也依赖于阿片受体的激活。尽管最近取得了进展,但抑郁症患者抗抑郁反应的变异性仍不清楚。本研究通过荟萃分析和网络脆弱性分析,探讨了MDD的关键分子机制,这些药物如何发挥作用,并强调了MDD的潜在治疗靶点。我们采用网络药理学方法来揭示与MDD相关的关键细胞过程,包括突触可塑性改变、神经发生、细胞凋亡和神经炎症。其次,我们探索了这些治疗对这些改变的细胞过程的治疗作用。通过整合药物靶点数据和mdd相关基因,我们确定了阿片受体mu 1 (OPRM1)、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)和GSK3B作为关键的可药物靶点。网络分析进一步表明,核因子κ B (NFKB)可能调节这三者,将其定位为MDD中连接炎症、突触可塑性和神经元代谢的中心节点。我们假设这些基因的靶向调节可能会优化治疗效果,而NFKB则成为指导MDD治疗策略的有希望的候选生物标志物。
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引用次数: 0
Digital modeling of metformin and diet interactions on gut-microbiota metabolism in prediabetic patients 二甲双胍和饮食相互作用对糖尿病前期患者肠道微生物群代谢的数字建模
IF 4.1 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2025.12.034
Juan José Oropeza-Valdez , Cristian Padron-Manrique , Jorge E. Arellano-Villavicencio , Aarón Vázquez-Jiménez , Laura E. Hernández-Juárez , Xavier Soberon , María de Lourdes Reyes-Escogido , Rodolfo Guardado-Mendoza , Osbaldo Resendis-Antonio
Prediabetes confers a high risk of progressing to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). While metformin, a first-line T2DM therapy, improves glycemic control in prediabetes, its effects on the gut microbiota and host metabolic shifts remain poorly understood. Here, we applied a genome-scale community metabolic modeling to build a personalized “digital microbiota” for analyzing the metabolic activity of gut microbes in 106 samples of Mexican prediabetic patients, distributed among patients without treatment and patients treated with metformin over baseline, 6 and 12 months. To contrast microbial metabolic activity across groups and explore how diet modulates it, we simulated computationally the microbial metabolic fluxes under Western, Mediterranean, and traditional Milpa diets across the three groups. As expected, in general terms in silico dietary intervention changes the metabolic responses in the microbiota profiles among the stages, suggesting specific combinations of diets that favor the production of relevant metabolites for wellness, such as amino sugars, short-chain fatty acids, and bile acid exchange fluxes. Furthermore, by selecting two individuals across the entire time as case studies, we provide a proof of concept for in silico personalized diet design. These examples illustrate how the concept of personalized digital microbiota could be leveraged to optimize dietary strategies and potentially improve outcomes in prediabetic patients.
糖尿病前期发展为2型糖尿病(T2DM)的风险很高。二甲双胍作为T2DM的一线治疗药物,可以改善糖尿病前期的血糖控制,但其对肠道微生物群和宿主代谢变化的影响仍知之甚少。在这里,我们应用基因组规模的社区代谢模型来建立个性化的“数字微生物群”,用于分析106例墨西哥糖尿病前期患者的肠道微生物代谢活性,这些患者分布在未治疗的患者和接受二甲双胍治疗的患者中,超过基线,6个月和12个月。为了对比各组之间的微生物代谢活动并探索饮食如何调节它,我们计算模拟了三组在西方、地中海和传统米尔帕饮食下的微生物代谢通量。正如预期的那样,总的来说,硅饮食干预改变了各阶段微生物群的代谢反应,表明特定的饮食组合有利于产生与健康相关的代谢物,如氨基糖、短链脂肪酸和胆汁酸交换通量。此外,通过在整个时间内选择两个人作为案例研究,我们为计算机个性化饮食设计提供了概念证明。这些例子说明了如何利用个性化数字微生物群的概念来优化饮食策略并潜在地改善糖尿病前期患者的预后。
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引用次数: 0
Bisdemethoxycurcumin attenuates myocardial fibrosis in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction by targeting TGFBR1 and oxidative stress 双去甲氧基姜黄素通过靶向TGFBR1和氧化应激减轻保留射血分数的心力衰竭心肌纤维化
IF 4.1 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2026.01.009
Rong Xu, Guihua Cao, Liming Hou, Wei Fu, Chenting Bi, Xu Li, Xiaoming Wang
Bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), a natural derivative of curcumin with improved solubility and stability, has shown potential cardioprotective properties. This study investigated the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of BDMC in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) using both in vivo and in vitro models. The HFpEF mouse model was established using a high-fat diet and L-NAME. BDMC treatment improved cardiac function, attenuated myocardial fibrosis, and exhibited antioxidant effects. Mechanistically, integrated network pharmacology and proteomics identified TGFBR1 as a potential target. BDMC inhibited cardiac fibroblast activation by suppressing TGFBR1 expression and SMAD2/3 phosphorylation. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations confirmed stable binding between BDMC and TGFBR1. These findings demonstrate that BDMC mitigates myocardial fibrosis in HFpEF, primarily by competitively inhibiting the binding of TGF-β and TGFBR1, achieving the effect of inhibiting cardiac fibroblast activation.
双去甲氧基姜黄素(BDMC)是姜黄素的天然衍生物,具有较好的溶解度和稳定性,具有潜在的心脏保护作用。本研究通过体内和体外模型研究了BDMC在保留射血分数(HFpEF)心力衰竭中的疗效和潜在机制。采用高脂饮食和L-NAME建立HFpEF小鼠模型。BDMC治疗可改善心功能,减轻心肌纤维化,并表现出抗氧化作用。机制上,综合网络药理学和蛋白质组学鉴定TGFBR1为潜在靶点。BDMC通过抑制TGFBR1表达和SMAD2/3磷酸化抑制心脏成纤维细胞活化。分子对接和动力学模拟证实了BDMC与TGFBR1之间的稳定结合。这些发现表明,BDMC减轻HFpEF的心肌纤维化,主要是通过竞争性抑制TGF-β和TGFBR1的结合,达到抑制心脏成纤维细胞活化的效果。
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引用次数: 0
Integrated metabolome and transcriptome analysis reveals ferroptosis involvement in cisplatin resistance of esophageal squamous cancer cell 综合代谢组和转录组分析揭示铁下垂参与食管鳞状细胞顺铂耐药
IF 4.1 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2026.01.003
Kewei Song , Tao Zhang , Xin Xie , DeHua Liao , Linlin Wu , Pei Jiang
The aim of this study is to investigate the gene biomarkers and metabolites for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) or cisplatin (DDP)-resistance ESCC through integrated analysis of transcriptome and metabolome. A total of 6130 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 326 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were identified in KYSE30 compared to HEEC, while compared to KYSE30, there were totally 1179 DEGs and 224 DEMs in KYSE30/DDP. Profile #6 depicted the mRNA characteristics of KYSE30 obviously. Genes in profile #6 were mainly involved in platinum drug resistance, ferroptosis, and glutathione metabolism. In addition, the associated TCGA dataset identified APOBEC3B as a critical gene involved in inhibiting ferroptosis by activating PD-L1 to suppress CD8+T cells. In vitro experiments demonstrated that knockdown of APOBEC3B enhanced ferroptosis and inhibited the glutathione metabolism signaling pathway in KYSE30/DDP. Moreover, in vivo experiments further confirmed that knockdown of APOBEC3B suppressed PD-L1, thereby activating CD8+T cells and promoting ferroptosis. These findings indicate the critical role of ferroptosis and glutathione metabolism in the development and progression of ESCC. Meanwhile, APOBEC3B may serve as a promising therapeutic target for cisplatin-resistant ESCC cells.
本研究旨在通过转录组和代谢组的综合分析,探讨食管鳞状细胞癌(ESCC)或顺铂(DDP)耐药ESCC的基因生物标志物和代谢物。与HEEC相比,KYSE30共鉴定出6130个差异表达基因(DEGs)和326个差异表达代谢物(DEMs),而与KYSE30相比,KYSE30/DDP共鉴定出1179个差异表达基因(DEGs)和224个差异表达代谢物(DEMs)。图谱#6清晰地描绘了KYSE30的mRNA特征。谱6基因主要参与铂类药物耐药、铁下垂和谷胱甘肽代谢。此外,相关的TCGA数据集确定APOBEC3B是通过激活PD-L1抑制CD8+T细胞来抑制铁凋亡的关键基因。体外实验表明,敲低APOBEC3B可增强铁凋亡,抑制KYSE30/DDP中谷胱甘肽代谢信号通路。体内实验进一步证实,敲低APOBEC3B可抑制PD-L1,从而激活CD8+T细胞,促进铁下垂。这些结果表明,铁下垂和谷胱甘肽代谢在ESCC的发生和发展中起着关键作用。同时,APOBEC3B可能作为顺铂耐药ESCC细胞的治疗靶点。
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引用次数: 0
OsteoNet: A deep learning framework linking cellular morphology to molecular markers for quantifying osteogenic differentiation OsteoNet:一个深度学习框架,连接细胞形态和分子标记,用于量化成骨分化
IF 4.1 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2026.01.008
Ting Kou , Jue Wang , Jing Zhou , Yang Cheng , Lei Xu , Jinpeng Xie , Ying Chen , Ting Zhang , Shuaifei Zhao , Yuxiu Ying , Xiaoshuang Xin , Xu Xu , Dandan Lu , Xiangyu Hu , Chenyu Qiu , Jun Wang , Gu Cheng , Siyun Lei , Qiqi Lyu , Yihuai Pan , Tong Cao
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely applied in regenerative medicine, but conventional osteogenic induction assays are time-consuming and rely on destructive endpoint measurements. Here, we propose OsteoNet, a deep learning framework that predicts osteogenic differentiation from bright-field images and generates an Osteogenic Score (OsScore) reflecting differentiation dynamics. The predictive performance of OsteoNet was evaluated across multiple time points using an independent test set, achieving an AUC of 0.94 on day 0 and 0.98 on day 5, demonstrating robust early-stage detection capability. The OsScore increased progressively with induction time and showed strong positive correlations with both early and late osteogenic markers, including RUNX2, OCN, and OSX, at the RNA and protein levels. Morphological analysis of immunofluorescence images further confirmed significant increases in cell size during early differentiation, supporting the model’s sensitivity to subtle morphological cues. Collectively, OsteoNet enables non-invasive, quantitative, and early monitoring of osteogenic differentiation in hAMSCs, offering a powerful tool to accelerate research and reduce reliance on destructive endpoint assays.
间充质干细胞(MSCs)广泛应用于再生医学,但传统的成骨诱导试验耗时且依赖于破坏性的终点测量。在这里,我们提出了OsteoNet,这是一个深度学习框架,可以从亮场图像中预测成骨分化,并生成反映分化动态的成骨评分(OsScore)。使用独立测试集对OsteoNet的预测性能进行了多个时间点的评估,第0天和第5天的AUC分别为0.94和0.98,显示出强大的早期检测能力。随着诱导时间的延长,OsScore逐渐升高,并且在RNA和蛋白质水平上与早期和晚期成骨标志物RUNX2、OCN、OSX呈强正相关。免疫荧光图像的形态学分析进一步证实了细胞大小在早期分化过程中的显著增加,支持了模型对细微形态学线索的敏感性。总的来说,OsteoNet能够实现hAMSCs成骨分化的无创、定量和早期监测,为加速研究和减少对破坏性终点分析的依赖提供了强大的工具。
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引用次数: 0
COVID-19 immunopathological features for the prediction and prevention of future emerging respiratory viral infections COVID-19免疫病理特征对未来新发呼吸道病毒感染的预测和预防
IF 4.1 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2025.12.024
Amal Bouzid , Ayesha M. Yusuf , Mira Mousa , Thenmozhi Venkatachalam , Guan Tay , Maimunah Uddin , Nawal Alkaabi , Maha Saber Ayad , Habiba Alsafar , Rifat Hamoudi

Background & objective

Emerging viral infections can initiate a global pandemic with high mortality. Understanding the immunopathogenesis of these viruses is critical to developing effective strategies for managing/preventing such outbreaks.

Methods

Transcriptomics analysis was performed in a UAE cohort with respective COVID-19 severities. The findings were correlated with published studies of COVID-19 severity/progression GWAS, and transcriptomics data of patients infected with different respiratory viruses.

Results

The transcriptional profiling distinguished significantly between the infected COVID-19 groups and identified the interferon-induced protein, GBP2, as a common significantly up-regulated gene among the different COVID-19 infection severities (nominal p = 0.0019). Key inflammatory pathways were enriched in the higher-severity groups, including Interleukin-1 family signaling. A remarkable immune signature resulted in a trend of cytokine expression changes between all severities, including CCL19, CCL21, IL-19, IL-20, IL-36RN, and members of the IFNA family. The deconvolution of immune cells showed a trend of an uncontrolled pro-inflammatory state and poor immune function in higher disease severities. A systematic analysis of the transcriptomic and GWAS findings identified common signature genes between COVID-19 infection severities including ALCAM, DKK3, EFNA5, FN1, GABRA5, LPAR1, METTL8, MTHFD1L, SPOCK1, TPM4, VTI1A, and WWC2. Differential regulation in potential genes associated with the Interferon signaling pathway including HERC5, IFFI44L, IFI6, RSAD2 and SP100 was identified as a common feature in transcriptomes of patients afflicted with different virulent respiratory viruses.

Conclusion

Our findings highlight a direction where changes in immune response and specific biomarker panels could be considered as a strategy for the prediction/prevention of new emerging respiratory virus outbreaks.
背景和目的新出现的病毒感染可引发具有高死亡率的全球大流行。了解这些病毒的免疫发病机制对于制定管理/预防此类疫情的有效策略至关重要。方法对不同COVID-19严重程度的阿联酋队列进行转录组学分析。这些发现与已发表的关于COVID-19严重程度/进展GWAS的研究以及感染不同呼吸道病毒的患者的转录组学数据相关。结果在不同感染程度的患者中,干扰素诱导蛋白GBP2是共同的显著上调基因(p = 0.0019)。关键的炎症通路在严重程度较高的组中富集,包括白细胞介素-1家族信号。显著的免疫特征导致各严重程度间细胞因子表达变化趋势,包括CCL19、CCL21、IL-19、IL-20、IL-36RN以及IFNA家族成员。在疾病严重程度较高时,免疫细胞的反褶积表现出不受控制的促炎状态和免疫功能低下的趋势。通过对转录组学和GWAS结果的系统分析,确定了COVID-19感染严重程度之间的共同特征基因,包括ALCAM、DKK3、EFNA5、FN1、GABRA5、LPAR1、METTL8、MTHFD1L、spok1、TPM4、VTI1A和WWC2。与干扰素信号通路相关的潜在基因(包括HERC5、IFFI44L、IFI6、RSAD2和SP100)的差异调控被确定为不同毒性呼吸道病毒患者转录组的共同特征。结论我们的研究结果强调了一个方向,即免疫反应和特异性生物标志物的变化可以被视为预测/预防新出现的呼吸道病毒爆发的策略。
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引用次数: 0
Hierarchical heated markov modeling for synthesizing activity data from wearable devices 基于可穿戴设备活动数据综合的分层热马尔可夫模型
IF 4.1 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2025.11.053
Darren Fang , Dan Ruan

Background

Wearable devices enable continuous acquisition of physiological and behavioral signals with broad utility in precision and population health. However, real-world datasets often have privacy constraints, irregular sampling, and activity-dependent recording, complicating data sharing and modeling. We present a synthesis framework that preserves statistical realism by matching marginal distributions and inter-record distances.

Method

We propose a hierarchical heated Markov model (HHMM) that captures conditional dependencies and time-varying behavioral patterns. Tier 1 generates minute-level activity types using hour-specific priors and a heating mechanism to achieve a target ergodic distribution. Tier 2 samples heart rate (via Metropolis–Hastings conditioned on activity) and activity duration from empirical conditional distributions. Tier 3 synthesizes additional variables (e.g., sleep duration, calories) conditioned on Tiers 1–2, with deterministic rules for activity codes and floors climbed. Activity-conditioned Poisson subsampling emulates device-driven irregular timestamps. We benchmark HHMM against CTGAN and TVAE using a synthetic IEEE BHI dataset and validate on a real Fitbit dataset. Fidelity is assessed by comparing distributions of pairwise inter-record distances—within synthetic vs. within reference cohorts—via Wasserstein distances for Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS), Jensen–Shannon (JSD), and distance-correlation (DC) metrics.

Results

On the BHI dataset, mean WD(KS)/WD(JSD)/WD(DC) were 0.125/0.242/0.327 for HHMM, 0.130/0.245/0.257 for CTGAN, and 0.129/0.246/0.249 for TVAE. On the Fitbit dataset, values were 0.295/0.489/0.233 (HHMM), 0.293/0.488/0.209 (CTGAN), and 0.293/0.588/0.160 (TVAE).

Discussion

HHMM offers task-specific gains on synthetic benchmarks. Real-world results highlight a need for domain adaptation. The method is computationally efficient and privacy-preserving, supporting scalable synthetic data generation for wearable health research.
可穿戴设备能够持续获取生理和行为信号,在精确和人口健康方面具有广泛的用途。然而,现实世界的数据集通常有隐私限制、不规则采样和活动相关的记录,使数据共享和建模变得复杂。我们提出了一个综合框架,通过匹配边际分布和记录间距离来保持统计现实性。方法提出了一种捕获条件依赖关系和时变行为模式的分层热马尔可夫模型(HHMM)。Tier 1使用特定于小时的先验和加热机制生成分钟级别的活动类型,以实现目标遍历分布。第2层从经验条件分布中采样心率(通过以活动为条件的Metropolis-Hastings)和活动持续时间。第3层综合了额外的变量(例如,睡眠时间,卡路里),这些变量取决于第1-2层,具有活动代码和爬楼的确定性规则。活动条件泊松子采样模拟设备驱动的不规则时间戳。我们使用合成IEEE BHI数据集对HHMM与CTGAN和TVAE进行基准测试,并在真实的Fitbit数据集上进行验证。通过沃瑟斯坦距离对Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS)、Jensen-Shannon (JSD)和距离相关(DC)指标比较记录间距离的配对分布(合成队列内与参考队列内)来评估保真度。结果在BHI数据集中,HHMM的平均WD(KS)/WD(JSD)/WD(DC)分别为0.125/0.242/0.327、CTGAN的平均WD(KS)/WD(JSD)/WD(DC)为0.130/0.245/0.257、TVAE的平均WD(DC)为0.129/0.246/0.249。在Fitbit数据集上,值为0.295/0.489/0.233 (HHMM), 0.293/0.488/0.209 (CTGAN)和0.293/0.588/0.160 (TVAE)。hhmm在合成基准上提供特定于任务的增益。现实世界的结果突出了对领域适应的需求。该方法具有计算效率和隐私保护,支持可穿戴健康研究的可扩展合成数据生成。
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引用次数: 0
Biochemical engineering of 5hmdC-DNA using a Tet3 double-mutant 利用Tet3双突变体的5hmdC-DNA的生化工程
IF 4.1 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2025.12.021
Hanife Sahin , Shariful Islam , A.Hyeon Lee , Irene Ponzo , Kilian Winiger , Andreas Reichl , Thomas Carell , Pascal Giehr
5-Hydroxymethyl-2′-deoxycytidine (5hmdC) is an important epigenetic marker involved in gene regulation and DNA demethylation. It has potential use as a biomarker for cancer and other diseases due to its significant depletion in various cancers and disease models. This research aimed to develop a reliable and efficient method for generating 5hmdC-containing DNA, addressing limitations in existing techniques. We created a Tet3 stalling mutant that converts 5-methyl-2′-deoxycytidine (5mdC) into a mixture of 5hmdC and 5-formyl-2′-deoxycytidine (5fdC), followed by a reduction step to convert 5fdC to 5hmdC, ensuring a pure 5hmdC state within the CpG context. This method can convert any PCR product, synthetic oligos, and entire genomes into 5hmdC-modified DNA. The principal results demonstrate high specificity and efficiency, providing a robust tool for epigenetic research, cancer diagnostics, and protein binding assays. Additionally, our technique offers 5hmdC-DNA for functional studies and as standards for diagnostic assays.
5-羟甲基-2′-脱氧胞苷(5hmdC)是参与基因调控和DNA去甲基化的重要表观遗传标记。由于它在各种癌症和疾病模型中显著耗竭,因此具有作为癌症和其他疾病的生物标志物的潜在用途。本研究旨在开发一种可靠而有效的方法来生成含有5hmdc的DNA,解决现有技术的局限性。我们创建了一个Tet3停滞突变体,将5-甲基-2 ' -脱氧胞苷(5mdC)转化为5hmdC和5-甲酰基-2 ' -脱氧胞苷(5fdC)的混合物,然后通过还原步骤将5fdC转化为5hmdC,确保在CpG环境下的纯5hmdC状态。该方法可以将任何PCR产物、合成寡核苷酸和整个基因组转化为5hmdc修饰的DNA。主要结果显示出高特异性和高效率,为表观遗传学研究、癌症诊断和蛋白质结合分析提供了强有力的工具。此外,我们的技术提供5hmdC-DNA用于功能研究和诊断分析的标准。
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引用次数: 0
Systematic discovery of disease-modifying targets by prediction from knowledge graph-based AI model and experimental validation: Parkinson’s disease case 基于知识图的AI模型预测及实验验证系统发现疾病修饰靶点:帕金森病病例
IF 4.1 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2025.12.035
Minyoung So , Soo Jung Park , Dongin Kim , Seokjin Han , Hee Jung Koo , Taeyong Kim , Min-Gi Shin , Eun Jeong Lee
The development of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains a critical unmet need. Despite extensive research efforts, no therapy capable of slowing or halting PD progression has been approved. Here, we apply a knowledge graph–based artificial intelligence (AI) framework, combined with subgraph-level enrichment–based re-prioritization, to identify novel PD-modifying targets without requiring disease-specific training or additional experimental datasets. Using model-derived PD association scores, we obtained 2527 predicted targets. To evaluate their connectivity to an expert-curated set of PD-associated genes, we performed subgraph-level over-representation analysis and identified 74 targets whose local subgraphs were significantly enriched for PD-relevant context. After applying novelty filters, five candidates remained, among which tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (TPP1) emerged as a compelling PD DMT target. The predicted association among PD, α-synuclein, and TPP1 within the subgraph was supported by differential expression analyses of publicly available RNA-seq datasets and validated experimentally in a human cell–based α-synuclein aggregation model. TPP1 expression was elevated in neuromelanin-positive dopaminergic neurons in late-stage PD, and its knockdown increased α-synuclein aggregation, suggesting a protective role in α-synuclein homeostasis. Structural modeling of AlphaFold-Multimer further revealed a substrate-like interface between α-synuclein and the TPP1 catalytic triad, consistent with a potential proteolytic mechanism of α-synuclein clearance. Together, these findings identify TPP1 as a previously underappreciated and mechanistically plausible PD DMT target and demonstrate how static knowledge graphs can be transformed into interpretable, disease-focused target discovery systems. By integrating explainable subgraph structures with enrichment-based re-prioritization, this framework provides a generalizable strategy for therapeutic target identification across indications.
帕金森病(PD)的疾病修饰疗法(dmt)的发展仍然是一个关键的未满足的需求。尽管进行了大量的研究,但尚未批准能够减缓或停止PD进展的治疗方法。在这里,我们应用了基于知识图的人工智能(AI)框架,结合基于子图级丰富的重新优先级,来识别新的pd修饰靶标,而不需要特定疾病的训练或额外的实验数据集。使用模型衍生的PD关联评分,我们获得了2527个预测靶标。为了评估它们与专家策划的pd相关基因集的连通性,我们进行了亚图水平的过度代表性分析,并确定了74个目标,其局部亚图在pd相关背景下显着丰富。在应用新过滤器后,保留了五个候选蛋白,其中三肽基肽酶1 (TPP1)成为了一个令人信服的PD DMT靶点。对公开的RNA-seq数据集的差异表达分析支持了PD、α-synuclein和TPP1在子图中的关联预测,并在基于人细胞的α-synuclein聚集模型中得到了实验验证。晚期PD患者神经黑色素阳性多巴胺能神经元中TPP1表达升高,其敲低增加α-突触核蛋白聚集,提示其对α-突触核蛋白稳态具有保护作用。AlphaFold-Multimer的结构模型进一步揭示了α-synuclein与TPP1催化三元组之间存在类似底物的界面,这与α-synuclein清除的潜在蛋白水解机制一致。总之,这些发现确定了TPP1是一个以前未被重视的、机制上合理的PD DMT靶点,并展示了静态知识图如何转化为可解释的、以疾病为重点的靶点发现系统。通过将可解释的子图结构与基于富集的重新优先排序相结合,该框架为跨适应症的治疗靶点识别提供了一种可推广的策略。
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