Current Oral Health Reports最新文献

Purpose of review: The purpose of this paper is to gain an understanding of existing knowledge and attain familiarity on mucormycosis for early diagnosis and treatment. It highlights the systematic factors, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests and treatment procedure for mucormycosis from dentistry point of view. PubMed/ Medline, Scopus, Web of Science were the search engine used. Study selection encompassed systematic reviews, critical reviews and case reports related to mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients and only mucormycosis. 19 articles were selected between Years 2001 to 2021. Analysis was done based on patient's comorbidity, site of mucormycosis infection, use of steroids and its effect on people with COVID -19 infection.

Recent findings: Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis is the most common of all systemic manifestations of mucormycosis. Diabetes mellitus and long-term corticosteroid therapy are the leading risk factors with pre-existing diabetes mellitus accounting for almost 80% cases.  Elements that facilitate the growth of mucor in COVID-19 patients are the presence of low oxygen levels, high blood glucose levels, acidic media, high levels of iron, immunosuppression, and episodes of prolonged hospitalization. Mucormycosis is heterogenic in nature. Its management requires an individualized plan that considers the immunity status of the host, stage of the infection, systemic disease, early diagnosis and susceptibility to anti-fungal agents. Supervised use of corticosteroids and betadine gargle prevent the occurance of mucormycosis.

Summary: The paper sheds some light on the warning signs and diagnostic tests that can help in early identification of infection by a dentist. This enables the timely implementation of therapy resulting in good prognosis of the treatment.

Purpose of review: Natural disasters occur frequently in Japan. A disaster medical system was rapidly developed in Japan following the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in 1995. Dentistry has become increasingly important in disaster medicine. This review summarizes the roles of dental professionals in disaster medicine, highlights relevant issues, and identifies new directions for research to improve disaster relief activities based on our previous experiences as dental professionals supporting the victims of major disasters.

Recent findings: Many preventable deaths after a disaster are caused by aspiration pneumonia, which occurs against a background of factors that are compounded by a harsh living environment. An important aim of dental care in disaster medicine is to prevent these disaster-related deaths in vulnerable persons such as the elderly. This can be achieved through interventions to maintain oral hygiene, preserve and enhance oral function (i.e., chewing and swallowing), and improve the diet, since these interventions help to prevent the development of malnutrition and frailty in vulnerable people. Dental identification of disaster victims could be improved through the use of intraoral three-dimensional scanners and artificial intelligence to automate the acquisition of dental findings and through the construction of a national database of digitized dental records. Advances in personal identification methods will be needed given the prediction that a catastrophic earthquake will occur on the Nankai Trough during the next 30 years and claim more victims than the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake.

Summary: Disaster-related deaths due to aspiration pneumonia can be prevented by providing appropriate dental care to those in need. The process of identifying victims could be made more efficient through the use of intraoral three-dimensional scanning, artificial intelligence, and a digital database of dental records. Establishing and strengthening relationships between professionals in different regions will help to optimize the multidisciplinary response to future large-scale disasters.

Purpose of review: Despite advanced technologies to avoid corrosion of dental implants, the mechanisms toward the release of metals and their role in the onset of peri-implant diseases are still under-investigated. Effective knowledge on the etiopathogenesis of corrosive products and preventive strategies mitigating the risks for surface degradation are thus in dire need. This review aimed to summarize evidence toward biocorrosion in the oral environment and discuss the current strategies targeting the improvement of dental implants and focusing on the methodological and electrochemical aspects of surface treatments and titanium-based alloys.

Recent findings: Recent studies suggest the existence of wear/corrosion products may correlate with peri-implantitis progress by triggering microbial dysbiosis, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and animal bone resorption. Furthermore, current clinical evidence demonstrating the presence of metal-like particles in diseased tissues supports their possible role as a risk factor for peri-implantitis. For instance, to overcome the drawback of titanium corrosion, researchers are primarily focusing on developing corrosion-resistant alloys and coatings for dental implants by changing their physicochemical features.

Summary: The current state-of-art discussed in this review found corrosion products effective in affecting biofilm virulence and inflammatory factors in vitro. Controversial and unstandardized data are limitations, making the premise of corrosion products being essential for peri-implantitis onset. On the other hand, when it comes to the strategies toward reducing implant corrosion rate, it is evident that the chemical and physical properties are crucial for the in vitro electrochemical behavior of the implant material. For instance, it is foreseeable that the formation of films/coatings and the incorporation of some functional compounds into the substrate may enhance the material's corrosion resistance and biological response. Nevertheless, the utmost challenge of research in this field is to achieve adequate stimulation of the biological tissues without weakening its protective behavior against corrosion. In addition, the translatability from in vitro findings to clinical studies is still in its infancy. Therefore, further accumulation of high-level evidence on the role of corrosion products on peri-implant tissues is expected to confirm the findings of the present review besides the development of better methods to improve the corrosion resistance of dental implants. Furthermore, such knowledge could further develop safe and long-term implant rehabilitation therapy.