Luz M Ahumada, A. B. Silvera, Kevin Andres Melendez Valencia, Julio Medina Suarez
This paper presents a comparison between the behavior predicted by a computational fluid-dynamic model (CFD) and an analytical model for a commercial vortex tube using air and methane as working fluids, in addition to a three-dimensional mesh for this purpose. The numerical simulation of the turbulent, compressible and high vorticity flow was carried out using RANS equations, the Realizable k-e turbulence model and STAR-CCM+ as software for the equations solution. The variables measured in this work were temperature, pressure and velocity at the exit nozzles of the vortex generator and the tube discharges, resulting in errors of less than 16% between CFD and the analytical model. This numerical study represents a first approximation of the vorticityphenomenon and has been developed in order to establish a prototype simulation model that provides, under certain inlet conditions to the process, preliminary information on the vortex tube industrial implementation for obtaining liquefied natural gas.
{"title":"Comparison of an analytical and computational fluid-dynamics models of a commercial Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube operating with Air and Methane","authors":"Luz M Ahumada, A. B. Silvera, Kevin Andres Melendez Valencia, Julio Medina Suarez","doi":"10.29047/01225383.145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.145","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a comparison between the behavior predicted by a computational fluid-dynamic model (CFD) and an analytical model for a commercial vortex tube using air and methane as working fluids, in addition to a three-dimensional mesh for this purpose. The numerical simulation of the turbulent, compressible and high vorticity flow was carried out using RANS equations, the Realizable k-e turbulence model and STAR-CCM+ as software for the equations solution. The variables measured in this work were temperature, pressure and velocity at the exit nozzles of the vortex generator and the tube discharges, resulting in errors of less than 16% between CFD and the analytical model. This numerical study represents a first approximation of the vorticityphenomenon and has been developed in order to establish a prototype simulation model that provides, under certain inlet conditions to the process, preliminary information on the vortex tube industrial implementation for obtaining liquefied natural gas.","PeriodicalId":10745,"journal":{"name":"CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86409873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. R. Caballero, C. Suárez, Jeimmy Zulay Rojas Cristancho, Jennifer Paola Pineda Martínez, Álvaro Ramírez García
Crude glycerol is a low-cost biodiesel industry co-product in a ratio of 1:10 with the main product. The large quantities of crude glycerol produced affect the biodiesel and glycerol markets. Consequently, the exploration of new applications for crude glycerol becomes crucial. As the composition of crude glycerol differs significantly from that of purified glycerol, this work was focused on studying the effect of crude glycerol impurities on its polymerization, as this process, at the same reaction conditions established for the polymerization of purified glycerol, did not result in polymeric products. To identify the reason for this result, the crude glycerol was fully characterized to identify its composition. Hence, an experimental design using simulated crude glycerol was performed to study the effect of the most abundant impurities in the raw glycerol on the polymerization andthe impurities that would persist with such reaction conditions, such as soap and sodium. The response variable for the experimental design was the hydroxyl number of the reaction products. FT-IR spectroscopy was used to analyze differences among the reaction products obtained from different treatments. The presence of soap was identified as primary inhibitory factor and the bottleneck in the formation of polyglycerol via polymerization of crude glycerol. Molecular weights of the polymerization reaction products were determined and analyzed as per the MALDI-TOF technique. The identification of the effect of impurities of crude glycerol polymerization suggests new routes for using it in the production of high value-added chemicals.
{"title":"Effect of impurities in the crude glycerol polymerization reaction to produce polyglycerol","authors":"G. R. Caballero, C. Suárez, Jeimmy Zulay Rojas Cristancho, Jennifer Paola Pineda Martínez, Álvaro Ramírez García","doi":"10.29047/01225383.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.122","url":null,"abstract":"Crude glycerol is a low-cost biodiesel industry co-product in a ratio of 1:10 with the main product. The large quantities of crude glycerol produced affect the biodiesel and glycerol markets. Consequently, the exploration of new applications for crude glycerol becomes crucial. As the composition of crude glycerol differs significantly from that of purified glycerol, this work was focused on studying the effect of crude glycerol impurities on its polymerization, as this process, at the same reaction conditions established for the polymerization of purified glycerol, did not result in polymeric products. To identify the reason for this result, the crude glycerol was fully characterized to identify its composition. Hence, an experimental design using simulated crude glycerol was performed to study the effect of the most abundant impurities in the raw glycerol on the polymerization andthe impurities that would persist with such reaction conditions, such as soap and sodium. The response variable for the experimental design was the hydroxyl number of the reaction products. FT-IR spectroscopy was used to analyze differences among the reaction products obtained from different treatments. The presence of soap was identified as primary inhibitory factor and the bottleneck in the formation of polyglycerol via polymerization of crude glycerol. Molecular weights of the polymerization reaction products were determined and analyzed as per the MALDI-TOF technique. The identification of the effect of impurities of crude glycerol polymerization suggests new routes for using it in the production of high value-added chemicals.","PeriodicalId":10745,"journal":{"name":"CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro","volume":"160 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86450650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diego Armando Vargas-Silva, Maika Gambús-Ordaz, Zuly Calderón-Carrillo
The necessity for hydrocarbon-producing countries to increase their reserves has led to companies exploring the deposits available in source rocks that might be over-pressured and thus, strict rules are required for their development. Overpressure, which may result in wellbore stability problems, could result from several causes such as mechanical effects, dynamic transfer, chemical stress, thermal stress, among others, in which undercompaction is frequently the main cause, generated when the sediment deposition velocity exceeds the fluid ejection rate.The expansion of fluids generated by thermal stresses and the reduction of porosity caused by chemical stresses may be among the other causes of overpressure in shales. The new methodology presented in this paper makes it possible to determine the pressure due to thermal stresses caused by the cracking of kerogen and oil in shales. In addition, petrophysical and geochemical models are considered in order to precisely ascertain the increase in pore pressure due to temperature andfluid expansion. An increase of 20% in pressure is seen when compared with undercompaction. As a result of this methodology, the mud window was optimized and the hydrocarbons, generated under subsurface the conditions (pressure, temperature) analyzed, were quantified.
{"title":"Assessment of causes of overpressure different from sub-compaction: Application in unconventional reservoir","authors":"Diego Armando Vargas-Silva, Maika Gambús-Ordaz, Zuly Calderón-Carrillo","doi":"10.29047/01225383.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.177","url":null,"abstract":"The necessity for hydrocarbon-producing countries to increase their reserves has led to companies exploring the deposits available in source rocks that might be over-pressured and thus, strict rules are required for their development. Overpressure, which may result in wellbore stability problems, could result from several causes such as mechanical effects, dynamic transfer, chemical stress, thermal stress, among others, in which undercompaction is frequently the main cause, generated when the sediment deposition velocity exceeds the fluid ejection rate.The expansion of fluids generated by thermal stresses and the reduction of porosity caused by chemical stresses may be among the other causes of overpressure in shales. \u0000The new methodology presented in this paper makes it possible to determine the pressure due to thermal stresses caused by the cracking of kerogen and oil in shales. In addition, petrophysical and geochemical models are considered in order to precisely ascertain the increase in pore pressure due to temperature andfluid expansion. An increase of 20% in pressure is seen when compared with undercompaction. As a result of this methodology, the mud window was optimized and the hydrocarbons, generated under subsurface the conditions (pressure, temperature) analyzed, were quantified.","PeriodicalId":10745,"journal":{"name":"CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85947486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gloria I Duarte-Poveda, Martin M Valera-Rosales, Miguel Manrique-Rojas, Miguel Mateus-Barragán
Failure mechanisms of CO2 corrosion and abrasive wear by production sand have reduced the service life of flowlines and collector lines in Casabe’s mature field located in the middle Magdalena River Valley Basin of Colombia’s Antioquia department, which has required a timely and effective solution. In this work, laboratory tests set to conditions of Casabe’s production fluid were performed to assess abrasive wear and CO2 corrosion resistance on pipeline sections of both HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) and carbon steel API 5L grade X65. The results obtained showed that resistance of HDPE to abrasive wear and CO2 corrosion of HDPE is significant, being three times higher as compared with carbon steel. Additionally, material properties of HDPE remained constant in contrast to performance of carbon steel over time tests. This result is due to the toughness and chemical resistance of HDPE. Based on these results, a field trial was implemented to pilot-scale for evaluating the performance of HDPE liner in a collector line with a service life between 6 to 9 months, which collect fluids of different flowlines from producing wells. After 12 months in service, the field trial of the liner assessed through visual inspection and DSC tests revealed that HDPE liner exposed at multiphasic fluid conditions with production sand remained stable without evidence of swelling, blistering, softening or changes in its geometry associated with liquid hydrocarbon absorption in its physical structure. This was also evidenced in the results of melting temperature and crystallinity obtained from DSC tests before and after exposure to field conditions. Moreover, pilot tests with HDPE lining after six years of service still operate successfully.
{"title":"Evaluation and implementation of High Density Polyethylene liner: Alternative of solution to corrosion-wear problems in flowlines","authors":"Gloria I Duarte-Poveda, Martin M Valera-Rosales, Miguel Manrique-Rojas, Miguel Mateus-Barragán","doi":"10.29047/01225383.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.153","url":null,"abstract":"Failure mechanisms of CO2 corrosion and abrasive wear by production sand have reduced the service life of flowlines and collector lines in Casabe’s mature field located in the middle Magdalena River Valley Basin of Colombia’s Antioquia department, which has required a timely and effective solution. In this work, laboratory tests set to conditions of Casabe’s production fluid were performed to assess abrasive wear and CO2 corrosion resistance on pipeline sections of both HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) and carbon steel API 5L grade X65. \u0000 The results obtained showed that resistance of HDPE to abrasive wear and CO2 corrosion of HDPE is significant, being three times higher as compared with carbon steel. Additionally, material properties of HDPE remained constant in contrast to performance of carbon steel over time tests. This result is due to the toughness and chemical resistance of HDPE. \u0000 Based on these results, a field trial was implemented to pilot-scale for evaluating the performance of HDPE liner in a collector line with a service life between 6 to 9 months, which collect fluids of different flowlines from producing wells. \u0000 After 12 months in service, the field trial of the liner assessed through visual inspection and DSC tests revealed that HDPE liner exposed at multiphasic fluid conditions with production sand remained stable without evidence of swelling, blistering, softening or changes in its geometry associated with liquid hydrocarbon absorption in its physical structure. This was also evidenced in the results of melting temperature and crystallinity obtained from DSC tests before and after exposure to field conditions. Moreover, pilot tests with HDPE lining after six years of service still operate successfully.","PeriodicalId":10745,"journal":{"name":"CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73062724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evaluation of the pore evolution is key to gaining a better understanding of oil migration and accumulation in tight oil exploration for tight sandstone; to study the diagenesis and porosity evolution of tight sandstone reservoirs, we analysed the 8th member of the Yanchang Formation by core observation, thin section observation, cathodoluminescence, scanning electron microscopy, and logging data analysis. The following conclusions can be drawn (1) In the typical tight sandstone reservoir, numerous secondary pores developed at burial depths in the range of 1300 m to 1400 m, and approximately 1500 m to 1600 m. (2) Compaction was the most influential factor of reservoir density and decreased the average pore size by 24.8%. Carbonate cementation decreased the porosity by 8.2%. The most important diagenetic process for increasing the reservoir porosity was dissolution, which increased the pore size by 5.1%. In addition, chlorite played an active role in inhibiting secondary quartz growth and preserving primary pores. (3) The early gas invasion can inhibit diagenesis, and the organic acids produced by the later oil can increase dissolution, so that the high oil saturation phenomenon becomes more obvious.
{"title":"Quantitative evaluation of the diagenesis and porosity evolution of tight sandstone reservoirs: A case study of the Yanchang formation in the Southern Ordos basin, China","authors":"Meng Xiao, G. Qiu, Xuanjun Yuan, Songtao Wu, Dawei Cheng, Chunfang Chen","doi":"10.29047/01225383.148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.148","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluation of the pore evolution is key to gaining a better understanding of oil migration and accumulation in tight oil exploration for tight sandstone; to study the diagenesis and porosity evolution of tight sandstone reservoirs, we analysed the 8th member of the Yanchang Formation by core observation, thin section observation, cathodoluminescence, scanning electron microscopy, and logging data analysis. The following conclusions can be drawn (1) In the typical tight sandstone reservoir, numerous secondary pores developed at burial depths in the range of 1300 m to 1400 m, and approximately 1500 m to 1600 m. (2) Compaction was the most influential factor of reservoir density and decreased the average pore size by 24.8%. Carbonate cementation decreased the porosity by 8.2%. The most important diagenetic process for increasing the reservoir porosity was dissolution, which increased the pore size by 5.1%. In addition, chlorite played an active role in inhibiting secondary quartz growth and preserving primary pores. (3) The early gas invasion can inhibit diagenesis, and the organic acids produced by the later oil can increase dissolution, so that the high oil saturation phenomenon becomes more obvious.","PeriodicalId":10745,"journal":{"name":"CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76723929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reverse time migration in zones with rugged topography is a method that presents some challenging issues. We present an analysis of reverse time migration in transformed domains, in particular for a technique that goes from an Euclidian to a Riemannian scenario, as suggested by some authors in previous literature. Computational results show that there is not significant improvement in the final image when the Riemannian approach is used as compared with images obtained with an Euclidean metric.
{"title":"Reverse Time Migration in Euclidean and Riemannian coordinates","authors":"César-Augusto Arias Chica, Luis-Fernando Duque-Gómez, Juan-Guillermo Paniagua-Castrillón","doi":"10.29047/01225383.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.157","url":null,"abstract":"Reverse time migration in zones with rugged topography is a method that presents some challenging issues. We present an analysis of reverse time migration in transformed domains, in particular for a technique that goes from an Euclidian to a Riemannian scenario, as suggested by some authors in previous literature. Computational results show that there is not significant improvement in the final image when the Riemannian approach is used as compared with images obtained with an Euclidean metric.","PeriodicalId":10745,"journal":{"name":"CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro","volume":"185 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76425156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The surfactant-polymer (SP) process is one of the Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (CEOR) methods used in the industry. It has been continuously studied; however, it is still a challenge for the petroleum industry due to the difficulty to design the solution to be injected and forecast process performance. This paper is intended to contribute to the design of fluids used in an SP process based on some previously known properties and conditions. Hence, reservoir and fluid properties of a Colombian Field were used as reference parameters to select the polymer and surfactant. Then, the effects of salts, temperature, and surfactant on tailor-made polymer solutions were determined through a rheological study. Ostwald-de Waele and Carreau-Yasuda models adjusted the measured viscosity data against shear rate, while Arrhenius equation fitted viscosity values at 7,8 s-1 against temperature. The surfactant performance was analyzed using phase behavior tests, and the Chun Huh equations determined the interfacial tension (IFT) values. The Bancroft’s rule was used as a qualitative verification tool of the kind of micro- emulsion formed. From rheology, we concluded that the viscous modulus is predominant for all polymer solutions, and the fluid thickness is reduced due to the presence of divalent cations and raise on temperature, salts or surfactant concentration. On the other hand, the observed phase behavior corresponded to a transition Winsor II to I without finding any Winsor III micro-emulsion. Therefore, some criteria were proposed to select the optimal conditions. For the desired conditions, the reduction of IFT reached values ranging in magnitudes of 10-3 to 10-4 [mN/m]. These values are usually associated with an improved oil recovery factor.
{"title":"Assessment of a surfactant- polymer formulation for conditions in a Colombian field","authors":"Fabián Andrés Tapias Hernández, R. Moreno","doi":"10.29047/01225383.152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.152","url":null,"abstract":"The surfactant-polymer (SP) process is one of the Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (CEOR) methods used in the industry. It has been continuously studied; however, it is still a challenge for the petroleum industry due to the difficulty to design the solution to be injected and forecast process performance. This paper is intended to contribute to the design of fluids used in an SP process based on some previously known properties and conditions. Hence, reservoir and fluid properties of a Colombian Field were used as reference parameters to select the polymer and surfactant. Then, the effects of salts, temperature, and surfactant on tailor-made polymer solutions were determined through a rheological study. Ostwald-de Waele and Carreau-Yasuda models adjusted the measured viscosity data against shear rate, while Arrhenius equation fitted viscosity values at 7,8 s-1 against temperature. The surfactant performance was analyzed using phase behavior tests, and the Chun Huh equations determined the interfacial tension (IFT) values. The Bancroft’s rule was used as a qualitative verification tool of the kind of micro- emulsion formed. From rheology, we concluded that the viscous modulus is predominant for all polymer solutions, and the fluid thickness is reduced due to the presence of divalent cations and raise on temperature, salts or surfactant concentration. On the other hand, the observed phase behavior corresponded to a transition Winsor II to I without finding any Winsor III micro-emulsion. Therefore, some criteria were proposed to select the optimal conditions. For the desired conditions, the reduction of IFT reached values ranging in magnitudes of 10-3 to 10-4 [mN/m]. These values are usually associated with an improved oil recovery factor.","PeriodicalId":10745,"journal":{"name":"CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89563436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ludy Amparo Gutiérrez Torres, Luz Diana Molina Gómez, Helena Margarita Ribón Barrios, Aristóbulo Bejarano, T. M. J. Lemus
The office U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) has suggested significant volumes of hydrocarbon resources in unconventional Shale type reservoirs, which happens to be very interesting nowadays. The complexity of these reservoirs, along with the high level of risk during the exploration stage, and the lack of laboratory data, are challenging for an adequate estimation of hydrocarbon volumes in shale reservoirs. An innovative methodology to estimate prospective resources on a Shale reservoir is proposed in this paper, based on petrophysical and geochemical data from well logs, such as porosity, hydrocarbon saturation, TOC (total organic content), gas content, thermal rock maturity, clay fraction, thickness, rock density, etc, all of them using Monte Carlo simulation. Further, this paper proposes a new way of interpreting petrophysical data to obtain a clearer view of reservoir characterization, especially Brittleness, which is of great relevance to define the potential of fracturing and hydrocarbon production. The methodology was applied to the Tablazo Formation in the Middle Magdalena Valley Basin (MMVB) in Colombia. The results show a total best estimate of oil in place (OOIP) of 51 637 Bls/acre, gas adsorbed in place 39.72 Mcf/acre, and free gas in place of 177.18 MCF/acre. Comparing these results with those obtained by applying other methodologies, the best estimates of oil in place is 146 933 Bls/acre, gas adsorbed in situ 40.57 MCF/acre, and free gas in place of 504.07 Mcf/acre. Data reported in the literature, on the same area, corroborate these results. To conclude, with this methodology a new approach is achieved for estimating prospective resources in Shale reservoirs with better results using the Monte Carlo simulation.
{"title":"Methodology to define hydrocarbon potential in a shale reservoir based on geochemical data and well logs","authors":"Ludy Amparo Gutiérrez Torres, Luz Diana Molina Gómez, Helena Margarita Ribón Barrios, Aristóbulo Bejarano, T. M. J. Lemus","doi":"10.29047/01225383.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.147","url":null,"abstract":"The office U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) has suggested significant volumes of hydrocarbon resources in unconventional Shale type reservoirs, which happens to be very interesting nowadays. \u0000The complexity of these reservoirs, along with the high level of risk during the exploration stage, and the lack of laboratory data, are challenging for an adequate estimation of hydrocarbon volumes in shale reservoirs. An innovative methodology to estimate prospective resources on a Shale reservoir is proposed in this paper, based on petrophysical and geochemical data from well logs, such as porosity, hydrocarbon saturation, TOC (total organic content), gas content, thermal rock maturity, clay fraction, thickness, rock density, etc, all of them using Monte Carlo simulation. \u0000Further, this paper proposes a new way of interpreting petrophysical data to obtain a clearer view of reservoir characterization, especially Brittleness, which is of great relevance to define the potential of fracturing and hydrocarbon production. The methodology was applied to the Tablazo Formation in the Middle Magdalena Valley Basin (MMVB) in Colombia. The results show a total best estimate of oil in place (OOIP) of 51 637 Bls/acre, gas adsorbed in place 39.72 Mcf/acre, and free gas in place of 177.18 MCF/acre. Comparing these results with those obtained by applying other methodologies, the best estimates of oil in place is 146 933 Bls/acre, gas adsorbed in situ 40.57 MCF/acre, and free gas in place of 504.07 Mcf/acre. Data reported in the literature, on the same area, corroborate these results. \u0000To conclude, with this methodology a new approach is achieved for estimating prospective resources in Shale reservoirs with better results using the Monte Carlo simulation.","PeriodicalId":10745,"journal":{"name":"CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74597611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paula Catalina Velosa Alfonso, Andrés Felipe Loaiza Carreño, César Augusto Ramírez Segura
ABSTRACT This research work focused on the degradation of total hydrocarbons in synthetic water mixtures and in samples obtained from the inflow of a skimmer (production water) by means of heterogeneous photocatalysis. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) was used, modified with iron oxide (III) as photocatalyst, supported on polymethyl methacrylate plates, arranged in two reactors with volumetric capacities of 15.0 mL and 1.0 L. The degradation process was studied using two analysis methods: Photometric detection and gravimetric partition. Degradation percentages of 91.2% and 98% were obtained in field samples and synthetic mixtures respectively, with 4 h times; this allows for assessment of this technique's impact on the treatment of produced water in the oil industry, seeking for an alternative to the methods for treating water contaminated with hydrocarbons.
{"title":"Photocatalytic degradation of hydrocarbons present in water, using Fe (III) modified TiO2","authors":"Paula Catalina Velosa Alfonso, Andrés Felipe Loaiza Carreño, César Augusto Ramírez Segura","doi":"10.29047/01225383.156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.156","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT \u0000This research work focused on the degradation of total hydrocarbons in synthetic water mixtures and in samples obtained from the inflow of a skimmer (production water) by means of heterogeneous photocatalysis. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) was used, modified with iron oxide (III) as photocatalyst, supported on polymethyl methacrylate plates, arranged in two reactors with volumetric capacities of 15.0 mL and 1.0 L. The degradation process was studied using two analysis methods: Photometric detection and gravimetric partition. Degradation percentages of 91.2% and 98% were obtained in field samples and synthetic mixtures respectively, with 4 h times; this allows for assessment of this technique's impact on the treatment of produced water in the oil industry, seeking for an alternative to the methods for treating water contaminated with hydrocarbons. ","PeriodicalId":10745,"journal":{"name":"CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73442783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jhonathan Ramírez, Jorge E. Pachón, O. Casas, Sandro Faruc González
Mobile sources contribute directly or indirectly with most of the atmospheric emissions in Colombian cities. Quantification of mobile source emissions rely on emission factors (EF) and vehicle activity. However, EF for vehicles in the country have not evolved at the same time as fleet renovation and fuel composition changes in the last few years. In fact, estimated EF before 2010 may not reflect the reduction of sulfur content in diesel and the renovation and deterioration of passenger vehicles; therefore, emission levels may be over or under estimated. To account for these changes, we have implemented the MOVES model in Bogota and obtained a new database of on-road vehicle emission factors. For this purpose, local information of activity rates, speed profiles, vehicle population distribution and age, meteorology and fuel composition was used. Emissions were estimated with these new set of EF and compared with previous inventories. We observed large reductions in SO2 (-87%), CO (-65%) and VOC (-62%) emissions from mobiles sources and lower reductions in NOx (-20%). Other pollutants such as PM2.5 (+15%) and CO2 (+28%) reported increases. This paper includes a new database of on-road vehicle emission factors for Bogota, which can be applied in other Colombian cities in the absence of local data.
{"title":"A new database of on-road vehicle emission factors for Colombia: A case study of Bogotá","authors":"Jhonathan Ramírez, Jorge E. Pachón, O. Casas, Sandro Faruc González","doi":"10.29047/01225383.154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.154","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile sources contribute directly or indirectly with most of the atmospheric emissions in Colombian cities. Quantification of mobile source emissions rely on emission factors (EF) and vehicle activity. However, EF for vehicles in the country have not evolved at the same time as fleet renovation and fuel composition changes in the last few years. In fact, estimated EF before 2010 may not reflect the reduction of sulfur content in diesel and the renovation and deterioration of passenger vehicles; therefore, emission levels may be over or under estimated. To account for these changes, we have implemented the MOVES model in Bogota and obtained a new database of on-road vehicle emission factors. For this purpose, local information of activity rates, speed profiles, vehicle population distribution and age, meteorology and fuel composition was used. Emissions were estimated with these new set of EF and compared with previous inventories. We observed large reductions in SO2 (-87%), CO (-65%) and VOC (-62%) emissions from mobiles sources and lower reductions in NOx (-20%). Other pollutants such as PM2.5 (+15%) and CO2 (+28%) reported increases. This paper includes a new database of on-road vehicle emission factors for Bogota, which can be applied in other Colombian cities in the absence of local data.","PeriodicalId":10745,"journal":{"name":"CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80920101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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