Phenol is an important raw material in the manufacturing industry, and it is found in industrial streams, both as a by-product and in wastewater flows. Due to their toxicity, the presence of phenol and its derivatives in water resources influences the quality of natural water, causing negative effects on human life. Thus, easily accessible measurement tools for phenol could be made available in rural communities where access to technology is limited. Sensors offer this opportunity, as they provide fast, reliable and easy use. In this study, a colorimetric nanobiosensor was developed based on polydiacetylene (PDA) liposomes, functionalized with Horseradish peroxidase (HRP).The recognition element was the HRP enzyme, immobilized at the surface of a cell-like nanostructure; biological interaction HRP-phenol was detected and the colorimetric PDA present in the liposome acted as a transducer element. After biological interaction, the polymer backbone is transformed from the blue to red phase; this colorimetric transition is observed visually and registered spectrometrically. The nanobiosensor was used to detect the phenol concentration in the 0.25 to 2 mM range in an industrial stream from the Kraft process, simulated under lab conditions. The response of the biosensor gives 7 % error in comparison with a spectrometric method.
{"title":"Nanobiosensing of phenol and its derivatives in a Kraft synthetic black liquor","authors":"J. Reyes-Cuellar","doi":"10.29047/01225383.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.96","url":null,"abstract":"Phenol is an important raw material in the manufacturing industry, and it is found in industrial streams, both as a by-product and in wastewater flows. Due to their toxicity, the presence of phenol and its derivatives in water resources influences the quality of natural water, causing negative effects on human life. Thus, easily accessible measurement tools for phenol could be made available in rural communities where access to technology is limited. Sensors offer this opportunity, as they provide fast, reliable and easy use. In this study, a colorimetric nanobiosensor was developed based on polydiacetylene (PDA) liposomes, functionalized with Horseradish peroxidase (HRP).The recognition element was the HRP enzyme, immobilized at the surface of a cell-like nanostructure; biological interaction HRP-phenol was detected and the colorimetric PDA present in the liposome acted as a transducer element. After biological interaction, the polymer backbone is transformed from the blue to red phase; this colorimetric transition is observed visually and registered spectrometrically. The nanobiosensor was used to detect the phenol concentration in the 0.25 to 2 mM range in an industrial stream from the Kraft process, simulated under lab conditions. The response of the biosensor gives 7 % error in comparison with a spectrometric method.","PeriodicalId":10745,"journal":{"name":"CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76153394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Micro-diverter valves are innovative and efficient devices used to generate microbubbles that can significantly enhance process efficiency in industry. Micro-diverter valves have been experimentally tested and modeled using CFD in previous works. However, a detailed CFD modeling evaluation of these valves has not been performed employing detailed turbulence modeling at transient and steady state. This article presents a three-dimensional CFD simulation and performance evaluation of a bi-stable diverted valve for microbubble generation. In the model, transient and steady state approaches were used to quantify the behavior in the valve. The κ – ε standard and κ – ε RNG turbulence models were used and compared. Different mesh configurations, mesh generation methods, and both turbulence models were evaluated to find the best set-up to simulate this valve. A brief analysis of the time-step size using the Courant number approach was also performed. Operation conditions at low Reynolds (3800) and high frequency (200 Hz) were used to assess possible industrial applications, thus setting the base for further studies. The results of this work show that at low Reynolds numbers and high frequencies, the valve is able to divert the fluid and thus it may have wider industrial applications.
{"title":"CFD Modeling and evaluation of a bi-stable micro-diverter valve","authors":"L. MarcoAGuevara, C. LuisCBelalcazar","doi":"10.29047/01225383.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.94","url":null,"abstract":"Micro-diverter valves are innovative and efficient devices used to generate microbubbles that can significantly enhance process efficiency in industry. Micro-diverter valves have been experimentally tested and modeled using CFD in previous works. However, a detailed CFD modeling evaluation of these valves has not been performed employing detailed turbulence modeling at transient and steady state. This article presents a three-dimensional CFD simulation and performance evaluation of a bi-stable diverted valve for microbubble generation. In the model, transient and steady state approaches were used to quantify the behavior in the valve. The κ – ε standard and κ – ε RNG turbulence models were used and compared. Different mesh configurations, mesh generation methods, and both turbulence models were evaluated to find the best set-up to simulate this valve. A brief analysis of the time-step size using the Courant number approach was also performed. Operation conditions at low Reynolds (3800) and high frequency (200 Hz) were used to assess possible industrial applications, thus setting the base for further studies. The results of this work show that at low Reynolds numbers and high frequencies, the valve is able to divert the fluid and thus it may have wider industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":10745,"journal":{"name":"CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro","volume":"470 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77744539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Javier F Plata-Liévano, Oscar J Cáceres-Tarazona, Luz A Carreño-Díaz
Bioethanol is produced by the fermentation of different raw materials; anhydrous ethanol is used as biofuel. This article reports the study of the dehydration of bioethanol by breaking the azeotrope, using ionic liquids as entrainers. Three ionic liquids (LIs) [EMIM][Cl], [EMIM][OAc], and [BMIM][Cl] were tested as entrainers; the behavior of ternary mixes of bioethanol-water-LI were evaluated through the activity coefficients and the relative volatility of bioethanol at 80°C and atmospheric pressure. In this first study it was concluded that the [EMIM][Cl] was the most effective IL for dehydration purposes: bioethanol (93.45 % v/v) after three cycles of extraction was (99.20 % v/v) when a mass ratio bioethanol-IL of 0.55 was used. Based on the first study, a composite was prepared by anchoring the LI 1-ethyl-(3-trimethoxysilil) propyl imidazolium chloride to mesoporous SiO2. The composite was characterized and it has been confirmed that there is a covalent bond between the IL and the matrix. The material was tested as dehydrating agent; results of these two studies were compared and showed that the pure ionic liquids could be used as entrainers in extractive distillations, breaking water-ethanol azeotrope, also showing the same ionic liquids able to be anchored to matrices as solid composites for dehydration, offering additional advantages such as selectivity, less time consuming, recyclability, and significantly diminishes (84%), the requirement for the amount of the IL.
{"title":"Dehydration of bioethanol with both pure ionic liquids and an ionic liquid anchored to mesoporous silica: A comparative study","authors":"Javier F Plata-Liévano, Oscar J Cáceres-Tarazona, Luz A Carreño-Díaz","doi":"10.29047/01225383.98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.98","url":null,"abstract":"Bioethanol is produced by the fermentation of different raw materials; anhydrous ethanol is used as biofuel. This article reports the study of the dehydration of bioethanol by breaking the azeotrope, using ionic liquids as entrainers. Three ionic liquids (LIs) [EMIM][Cl], [EMIM][OAc], and [BMIM][Cl] were tested as entrainers; the behavior of ternary mixes of bioethanol-water-LI were evaluated through the activity coefficients and the relative volatility of bioethanol at 80°C and atmospheric pressure. In this first study it was concluded that the [EMIM][Cl] was the most effective IL for dehydration purposes: bioethanol (93.45 % v/v) after three cycles of extraction was (99.20 % v/v) when a mass ratio bioethanol-IL of 0.55 was used. \u0000Based on the first study, a composite was prepared by anchoring the LI 1-ethyl-(3-trimethoxysilil) propyl imidazolium chloride to mesoporous SiO2. The composite was characterized and it has been confirmed that there is a covalent bond between the IL and the matrix. The material was tested as dehydrating agent; results of these two studies were compared and showed that the pure ionic liquids could be used as entrainers in extractive distillations, breaking water-ethanol azeotrope, also showing the same ionic liquids able to be anchored to matrices as solid composites for dehydration, offering additional advantages such as selectivity, less time consuming, recyclability, and significantly diminishes (84%), the requirement for the amount of the IL.","PeriodicalId":10745,"journal":{"name":"CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82317163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eryilmaz Tanzer, A. Fatih, Aksoy Laçine, Bayrakceken Huseyin Aysal Faruk-Emre, Sahin Seda, Yesilyurt Murat-Kadir
In this study, the methyl ester production process from neutralized waste cooking oils is optimized by using alkali-catalyzed (KOH) single-phase reaction. The optimization process is performed depending on the parameters, such as catalyst concentration, methanol/oil ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time. The optimum methyl ester conversion efficiency was 90.1% at the optimum conditions of 0.7 wt% of potassium hydroxide, 25 wt% methanol/oil ratio, 90 min reaction time and 60°C reaction temperature. After the fuel characteristics of the methyl ester obtained under optimum conditions were determined, the effect on engine performance, CO and NOx emissions of methyl ester was investigated in a diesel engine with a single cylinder and direct injection. When compared to diesel fuel, engine power and torque decreased when using methyl ester, and specific fuel consumption increased. NOx emission increases at a rate of 18.4% on average through use of methyl ester.
{"title":"Process optimization for biodiesel production from neutralized waste cooking oil and the effect of this biodiesel on engine performance","authors":"Eryilmaz Tanzer, A. Fatih, Aksoy Laçine, Bayrakceken Huseyin Aysal Faruk-Emre, Sahin Seda, Yesilyurt Murat-Kadir","doi":"10.29047/01225383.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.99","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the methyl ester production process from neutralized waste cooking oils is optimized by using alkali-catalyzed (KOH) single-phase reaction. The optimization process is performed depending on the parameters, such as catalyst concentration, methanol/oil ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time. The optimum methyl ester conversion efficiency was 90.1% at the optimum conditions of 0.7 wt% of potassium hydroxide, 25 wt% methanol/oil ratio, 90 min reaction time and 60°C reaction temperature. After the fuel characteristics of the methyl ester obtained under optimum conditions were determined, the effect on engine performance, CO and NOx emissions of methyl ester was investigated in a diesel engine with a single cylinder and direct injection. When compared to diesel fuel, engine power and torque decreased when using methyl ester, and specific fuel consumption increased. NOx emission increases at a rate of 18.4% on average through use of methyl ester.","PeriodicalId":10745,"journal":{"name":"CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79941858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oriolson Rodriguez, Javier Duran-Serrano, César Garcia-Chinchilla, Edgar Castillo
Artificial Lift system selection is a key factor in enhancing energy efficiency, increasing profit and expanding asset life in any oilproducing well. Theoretically, this selection has to consider an extensive number of variables, making hard to select the optimal Artificial Lift System. However, in practice, a limited number of variables and empirical knowledge are used in this selection process. The latter increases system failure probability due to pump – well incompatibility. The multi-criteria decision-making methods present mathematical modelling for selection processes with finite alternatives and high number of criteria. These methodologies make it feasible to reach a final decision considering all variables involved.In this paper, we present a software application based on a sequential mathematical analysis of hierarchies for variables, a numerical validation of input data and, finally, an implementation of Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods (SAW, ELECTRE and VIKOR) to select the most adequate artificial lift system for crude oil production in Colombia. Its novel algorithm is designed to rank seven Artificial Lift Systems, considering diverse variables in order to make the decision. The results are validated with field data in a Casestudy relating to a Colombian oilfield, with the aim of reducing the Artificial Lift Failure Rate.
{"title":"Modelling approach for multi-criteria decision-making selection process for artificial lift systems in crude oil production","authors":"Oriolson Rodriguez, Javier Duran-Serrano, César Garcia-Chinchilla, Edgar Castillo","doi":"10.29047/01225383.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.91","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial Lift system selection is a key factor in enhancing energy efficiency, increasing profit and expanding asset life in any oilproducing well. Theoretically, this selection has to consider an extensive number of variables, making hard to select the optimal Artificial Lift System. However, in practice, a limited number of variables and empirical knowledge are used in this selection process. The latter increases system failure probability due to pump – well incompatibility. The multi-criteria decision-making methods present mathematical modelling for selection processes with finite alternatives and high number of criteria. These methodologies make it feasible to reach a final decision considering all variables involved.In this paper, we present a software application based on a sequential mathematical analysis of hierarchies for variables, a numerical validation of input data and, finally, an implementation of Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods (SAW, ELECTRE and VIKOR) to select the most adequate artificial lift system for crude oil production in Colombia. Its novel algorithm is designed to rank seven Artificial Lift Systems, considering diverse variables in order to make the decision. The results are validated with field data in a Casestudy relating to a Colombian oilfield, with the aim of reducing the Artificial Lift Failure Rate.","PeriodicalId":10745,"journal":{"name":"CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82337010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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