Pub Date : 2025-02-13DOI: 10.1186/s13054-025-05312-y
Sylvain Diop, Maxime Aparicio, Roman Mounier
<p>Dear editor,</p><p>Hospital acquired infection (HAI) in intensive care unit (ICU) is a major public health issue associated with increased morbi-mortality and costs. Over the years our perception and our understanding of the pathophysiology of HAI as evolved but the treatment remains basically limited to antimicrobial therapy [1]. In critically ill patients, there is evidence that the alteration of the interaction between the immune system and the microbiota could promotes the occurrence of HAI [1]. Accordingly, limiting microbiota injuries during the ICU stays could be a major mean to prevent HAI.</p><p>Nowadays, it is well established that all the epithelia are colonized by a diverse and dynamic living ecosystem composed of microorganisms, viruses and fungi. The microbiota, referring to the different communities of bacteria living symbiotically with our epithelia, participate to the proper development and functioning of our metabolic pathways (i.e. cognitive and immunity development) through a constant crosstalk between host and bacteria [2]. These microbiotas are constitutive of the human being [3,4,5]. We are not only a multicellular eukaryotes organism but a holobiont, an assemblage of different species of organisms, a <i>Homo microbicus.</i> [2, 6]</p><p>Healthy microbiota promotes host defense effectors, plays the role of a physical and functional barriers and inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria [7]. Conversely, altered microbiota (i.e. dysbiosis) plays an important role on the pathophysiology of immune and inflammatory disease: skin microbiotal dysbiosis is associated with the onset of atopic dermatitis, alteration of lung microbiota may be associated with asthma development and/or hospital-acquired pneumonia and gut microbiota dysbiosis plays a predominant role in Crohn’s disease [1, 8] Immunity and microbiota are interdependent, thus the alteration of one could lead to the alteration of the other [9].</p><p>Critically ill patients are exposed to conditions that impaired one or more physiologic functions commonly referred as acute injury (i.e. acute lung injury, acute kidneys injury). These injuries could result of either the direct hit of the organ or the consequences of an acute systemic response leading to potential complications and worsened outcomes.</p><p>As for other organs, the function of microbiota could be impaired in case of acute injury and strained its resilience. In critically ills patients, several factors, some intrinsic, some related to the underlying disease or iatrogenic, may promote dysbiosis (decrease in bacterial diversity, loss of commensal bacteria and increase of pathogenic bacterial inoculum) [1]. Accordingly, the alteration of lung microbiota is associated with the development of hospital-acquired pneumonia and acute respiratory syndrome [1]. Likewise, gut microbiota dysbiosis promotes colitis and play a role in acute kidneys injury [10].</p><p>These considerations lead us to propose the term of acut
{"title":"The acute microbiota injury","authors":"Sylvain Diop, Maxime Aparicio, Roman Mounier","doi":"10.1186/s13054-025-05312-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-025-05312-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dear editor,</p><p>Hospital acquired infection (HAI) in intensive care unit (ICU) is a major public health issue associated with increased morbi-mortality and costs. Over the years our perception and our understanding of the pathophysiology of HAI as evolved but the treatment remains basically limited to antimicrobial therapy [1]. In critically ill patients, there is evidence that the alteration of the interaction between the immune system and the microbiota could promotes the occurrence of HAI [1]. Accordingly, limiting microbiota injuries during the ICU stays could be a major mean to prevent HAI.</p><p>Nowadays, it is well established that all the epithelia are colonized by a diverse and dynamic living ecosystem composed of microorganisms, viruses and fungi. The microbiota, referring to the different communities of bacteria living symbiotically with our epithelia, participate to the proper development and functioning of our metabolic pathways (i.e. cognitive and immunity development) through a constant crosstalk between host and bacteria [2]. These microbiotas are constitutive of the human being [3,4,5]. We are not only a multicellular eukaryotes organism but a holobiont, an assemblage of different species of organisms, a <i>Homo microbicus.</i> [2, 6]</p><p>Healthy microbiota promotes host defense effectors, plays the role of a physical and functional barriers and inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria [7]. Conversely, altered microbiota (i.e. dysbiosis) plays an important role on the pathophysiology of immune and inflammatory disease: skin microbiotal dysbiosis is associated with the onset of atopic dermatitis, alteration of lung microbiota may be associated with asthma development and/or hospital-acquired pneumonia and gut microbiota dysbiosis plays a predominant role in Crohn’s disease [1, 8] Immunity and microbiota are interdependent, thus the alteration of one could lead to the alteration of the other [9].</p><p>Critically ill patients are exposed to conditions that impaired one or more physiologic functions commonly referred as acute injury (i.e. acute lung injury, acute kidneys injury). These injuries could result of either the direct hit of the organ or the consequences of an acute systemic response leading to potential complications and worsened outcomes.</p><p>As for other organs, the function of microbiota could be impaired in case of acute injury and strained its resilience. In critically ills patients, several factors, some intrinsic, some related to the underlying disease or iatrogenic, may promote dysbiosis (decrease in bacterial diversity, loss of commensal bacteria and increase of pathogenic bacterial inoculum) [1]. Accordingly, the alteration of lung microbiota is associated with the development of hospital-acquired pneumonia and acute respiratory syndrome [1]. Likewise, gut microbiota dysbiosis promotes colitis and play a role in acute kidneys injury [10].</p><p>These considerations lead us to propose the term of acut","PeriodicalId":10811,"journal":{"name":"Critical Care","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143401652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1186/s13054-025-05307-9
Sharad Patel, Adam Green
The p-value has changed from a versatile tool for scientific reasoning to a strict judge of medical information, with the usual 0.05 cutoff frequently deciding a study’s significance and subsequent clinical use. Through an examination of five critical care interventions that demonstrated meaningful treatment effects yet narrowly missed conventional statistical significance, this paper illustrates how rigid adherence to p-value thresholds may obscure therapeutically beneficial findings. By providing a clear, step-by-step illustration of a basic Bayesian calculation, we demonstrate that clinical importance can remain undetected when relying solely on p-values. These observations challenge current statistical paradigms and advocate for hybrid approaches—including both frequentist and Bayesian methodologies—to provide a more comprehensive understanding of clinical data, ultimately leading to better-informed medical decisions.
{"title":"Death by p-value: the overreliance on p-values in critical care research","authors":"Sharad Patel, Adam Green","doi":"10.1186/s13054-025-05307-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-025-05307-9","url":null,"abstract":"The p-value has changed from a versatile tool for scientific reasoning to a strict judge of medical information, with the usual 0.05 cutoff frequently deciding a study’s significance and subsequent clinical use. Through an examination of five critical care interventions that demonstrated meaningful treatment effects yet narrowly missed conventional statistical significance, this paper illustrates how rigid adherence to p-value thresholds may obscure therapeutically beneficial findings. By providing a clear, step-by-step illustration of a basic Bayesian calculation, we demonstrate that clinical importance can remain undetected when relying solely on p-values. These observations challenge current statistical paradigms and advocate for hybrid approaches—including both frequentist and Bayesian methodologies—to provide a more comprehensive understanding of clinical data, ultimately leading to better-informed medical decisions.","PeriodicalId":10811,"journal":{"name":"Critical Care","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143393391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1186/s13054-025-05302-0
Jessica D. Workum, Bas W. S. Volkers, Davy van de Sande, Sumesh Arora, Marco Goeijenbier, Diederik Gommers, Michel E. van Genderen
Large language models (LLMs) show increasing potential for their use in healthcare for administrative support and clinical decision making. However, reports on their performance in critical care medicine is lacking. This study evaluated five LLMs (GPT-4o, GPT-4o-mini, GPT-3.5-turbo, Mistral Large 2407 and Llama 3.1 70B) on 1181 multiple choice questions (MCQs) from the gotheextramile.com database, a comprehensive database of critical care questions at European Diploma in Intensive Care examination level. Their performance was compared to random guessing and 350 human physicians on a 77-MCQ practice test. Metrics included accuracy, consistency, and domain-specific performance. Costs, as a proxy for energy consumption, were also analyzed. GPT-4o achieved the highest accuracy at 93.3%, followed by Llama 3.1 70B (87.5%), Mistral Large 2407 (87.9%), GPT-4o-mini (83.0%), and GPT-3.5-turbo (72.7%). Random guessing yielded 41.5% (p < 0.001). On the practice test, all models surpassed human physicians, scoring 89.0%, 80.9%, 84.4%, 80.3%, and 66.5%, respectively, compared to 42.7% for random guessing (p < 0.001) and 61.9% for the human physicians. However, in contrast to the other evaluated LLMs (p < 0.001), GPT-3.5-turbo’s performance did not significantly outperform physicians (p = 0.196). Despite high overall consistency, all models gave consistently incorrect answers. The most expensive model was GPT-4o, costing over 25 times more than the least expensive model, GPT-4o-mini. LLMs exhibit exceptional accuracy and consistency, with four outperforming human physicians on a European-level practice exam. GPT-4o led in performance but raised concerns about energy consumption. Despite their potential in critical care, all models produced consistently incorrect answers, highlighting the need for more thorough and ongoing evaluations to guide responsible implementation in clinical settings.
{"title":"Comparative evaluation and performance of large language models on expert level critical care questions: a benchmark study","authors":"Jessica D. Workum, Bas W. S. Volkers, Davy van de Sande, Sumesh Arora, Marco Goeijenbier, Diederik Gommers, Michel E. van Genderen","doi":"10.1186/s13054-025-05302-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-025-05302-0","url":null,"abstract":"Large language models (LLMs) show increasing potential for their use in healthcare for administrative support and clinical decision making. However, reports on their performance in critical care medicine is lacking. This study evaluated five LLMs (GPT-4o, GPT-4o-mini, GPT-3.5-turbo, Mistral Large 2407 and Llama 3.1 70B) on 1181 multiple choice questions (MCQs) from the gotheextramile.com database, a comprehensive database of critical care questions at European Diploma in Intensive Care examination level. Their performance was compared to random guessing and 350 human physicians on a 77-MCQ practice test. Metrics included accuracy, consistency, and domain-specific performance. Costs, as a proxy for energy consumption, were also analyzed. GPT-4o achieved the highest accuracy at 93.3%, followed by Llama 3.1 70B (87.5%), Mistral Large 2407 (87.9%), GPT-4o-mini (83.0%), and GPT-3.5-turbo (72.7%). Random guessing yielded 41.5% (p < 0.001). On the practice test, all models surpassed human physicians, scoring 89.0%, 80.9%, 84.4%, 80.3%, and 66.5%, respectively, compared to 42.7% for random guessing (p < 0.001) and 61.9% for the human physicians. However, in contrast to the other evaluated LLMs (p < 0.001), GPT-3.5-turbo’s performance did not significantly outperform physicians (p = 0.196). Despite high overall consistency, all models gave consistently incorrect answers. The most expensive model was GPT-4o, costing over 25 times more than the least expensive model, GPT-4o-mini. LLMs exhibit exceptional accuracy and consistency, with four outperforming human physicians on a European-level practice exam. GPT-4o led in performance but raised concerns about energy consumption. Despite their potential in critical care, all models produced consistently incorrect answers, highlighting the need for more thorough and ongoing evaluations to guide responsible implementation in clinical settings.","PeriodicalId":10811,"journal":{"name":"Critical Care","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143375402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1186/s13054-025-05300-2
Vladimir L. Cousin, Caroline Caula, Jason Vignot, Raphael Joye, Matthieu Blanc, Clémence Marais, Pierre Tissières
Despite widespread vaccination programs, pertussis continues circulating within populations and remains a life-threatening infection in infants. While several mortality risk factors have been described, a comprehensive synthesis is lacking. We conducted a meta-analysis of studies investigating mortality risk factors in Pertussis infections and validated those factors in a large cohort. Observational studies published in English were systematically searched in PubMed, EMBASE, and LiSSa databases from 01/2000 to 06/2024. The search yielded 816 unique citations. The primary outcome was mortality before discharge from the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Two independent reviewers assessed the risk of bias and extracted data. A REML-random effect model was used to calculate pooled prevalence and conduct the analysis. The identified risk factors were subsequently evaluated in a monocentric cohort of patients admitted to a tertiary hospital’s PICU for severe pertussis between January 1996 and December 2020. Data analysis was conducted between June and August 2024. Seventeen studies, including 2,725 patients, met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of mechanical ventilation, continuous renal replacement therapy, and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation support were 55% (95% CI: 40–70; I2 = 98), 15% (95% CI: 3–27; I2 = 95), and 8% (95% CI: 3–12; I2 = 93), respectively. The pooled mortality incidence was 19% (95% CI:12–26; I2 = 96). Identified mortality risk factors included elevated heart rate, presence of pulmonary hypertension, presence of seizures, and elevated white blood cell (WBC) count. Validation in an 83-patient cohort (median age: 45 days, IQR: 30–55) revealed a mortality rate of 12%. Risk factors identified in the meta-analysis were significantly associated with non-survival in the cohort. A mortality prediction score was developed incorporating age < 30 days, heart rate > 200/min, and WBC > 30 G/l, achieving an area under the curve of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.86–0.99). This meta-analysis identified a simple yet effective score to assess the severity of pertussis infection in infants admitted to PICU. Accurate risk stratification may enable timely treatment of critically ill patients, potentially improving outcomes. Trial registration: The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO: CRD42024582057.
{"title":"Pertussis infection in critically ill infants: meta-analysis and validation of a mortality score","authors":"Vladimir L. Cousin, Caroline Caula, Jason Vignot, Raphael Joye, Matthieu Blanc, Clémence Marais, Pierre Tissières","doi":"10.1186/s13054-025-05300-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-025-05300-2","url":null,"abstract":"Despite widespread vaccination programs, pertussis continues circulating within populations and remains a life-threatening infection in infants. While several mortality risk factors have been described, a comprehensive synthesis is lacking. We conducted a meta-analysis of studies investigating mortality risk factors in Pertussis infections and validated those factors in a large cohort. Observational studies published in English were systematically searched in PubMed, EMBASE, and LiSSa databases from 01/2000 to 06/2024. The search yielded 816 unique citations. The primary outcome was mortality before discharge from the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Two independent reviewers assessed the risk of bias and extracted data. A REML-random effect model was used to calculate pooled prevalence and conduct the analysis. The identified risk factors were subsequently evaluated in a monocentric cohort of patients admitted to a tertiary hospital’s PICU for severe pertussis between January 1996 and December 2020. Data analysis was conducted between June and August 2024. Seventeen studies, including 2,725 patients, met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of mechanical ventilation, continuous renal replacement therapy, and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation support were 55% (95% CI: 40–70; I2 = 98), 15% (95% CI: 3–27; I2 = 95), and 8% (95% CI: 3–12; I2 = 93), respectively. The pooled mortality incidence was 19% (95% CI:12–26; I2 = 96). Identified mortality risk factors included elevated heart rate, presence of pulmonary hypertension, presence of seizures, and elevated white blood cell (WBC) count. Validation in an 83-patient cohort (median age: 45 days, IQR: 30–55) revealed a mortality rate of 12%. Risk factors identified in the meta-analysis were significantly associated with non-survival in the cohort. A mortality prediction score was developed incorporating age < 30 days, heart rate > 200/min, and WBC > 30 G/l, achieving an area under the curve of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.86–0.99). This meta-analysis identified a simple yet effective score to assess the severity of pertussis infection in infants admitted to PICU. Accurate risk stratification may enable timely treatment of critically ill patients, potentially improving outcomes. Trial registration: The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO: CRD42024582057. ","PeriodicalId":10811,"journal":{"name":"Critical Care","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143375403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-09DOI: 10.1186/s13054-025-05272-3
Aleece MacPhail, Michael Bailey, David Pilcher, Zoe McQuilten
<p>To the editor,</p><p>We thank Caibao et al. [1] for taking the time to comment on our study “Sepsis mortality among patients with haematological malignancy admitted to Intensive Care 2000–2022: a binational cohort study" [2], recently published in <i>Critical Care</i>.</p><p>We agree that the relationship between leukopenia (a surrogate for neutropenia) and sepsis mortality in patients with haematological malignancies is complex. In our retrospective cohort study of patients with sepsis and haematological malignancies, we fitted a single mixed effects multivariable logistic regression model to identify risk factors for mortality. In this model we included an interaction term between leukopenia and haematological malignancy (leukopenia x HM status), each coded as a binary variable, with leukopenia defined as total white cell count < 1.0 × 10<sup>9</sup> cells/L. In our model output we report the marginal effect of neutropenia in the presence or absence of haematological malignancy. This choice was made for interpretability and clinical relevance. For clinicians, the impact of neutropenia on mortality risk for septic patients with haematological malignancy is important to guide prognostication, escalation of treatment, and recognition of non-neutropenic patients in local guidelines for management of sepsis.</p><p>As noted by Caibao and colleagues, we further observed that leukopenia was associated with mortality in a univariable model, both in the presence and absence of haematological malignancy, but not in a multivariable model. Formal assessment of collinearity was performed using variance inflation factor (VIF) and all included variables had VIF < 10. This indicates that while crude mortality was higher in the neutropenic group, after adjustment for confounders including age, illness severity and year of admission, this was non-significant. Our findings are in keeping with previous studies reporting that neutropenia alone is not necessarily predictive of mortality after confounders including illness severity are accounted for [3, 4].</p><p>The complex relationship between leukopenia and mortality in septic patients with haematological malignancies warrants further study. Based on existing data, neutropenic patients should not be assumed to have a poorer prognosis, and sepsis in non-neutropenic patients should not be under-estimated.</p><p>No datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.</p><ol data-track-component="outbound reference" data-track-context="references section"><li data-counter="1."><p>Hu C, Li Q, Ding X. Relationship between leukopenia and mortality among patients with hematological malignancies. Crit Care. 2025;28:402.</p><p>Article Google Scholar </p></li><li data-counter="2."><p>MacPhail A, Dendle C, Slavin M, Weinkove R, Bailey M, Pilcher D, et al. Sepsis mortality among patients with haematological malignancy admitted to intensive care 2000–2022: a binational cohort study. Crit Care. 2024;28(1):148.</
{"title":"Authors’ response to: Relationship between leukopenia and mortality among patients with haematological malignancies","authors":"Aleece MacPhail, Michael Bailey, David Pilcher, Zoe McQuilten","doi":"10.1186/s13054-025-05272-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-025-05272-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To the editor,</p><p>We thank Caibao et al. [1] for taking the time to comment on our study “Sepsis mortality among patients with haematological malignancy admitted to Intensive Care 2000–2022: a binational cohort study\" [2], recently published in <i>Critical Care</i>.</p><p>We agree that the relationship between leukopenia (a surrogate for neutropenia) and sepsis mortality in patients with haematological malignancies is complex. In our retrospective cohort study of patients with sepsis and haematological malignancies, we fitted a single mixed effects multivariable logistic regression model to identify risk factors for mortality. In this model we included an interaction term between leukopenia and haematological malignancy (leukopenia x HM status), each coded as a binary variable, with leukopenia defined as total white cell count < 1.0 × 10<sup>9</sup> cells/L. In our model output we report the marginal effect of neutropenia in the presence or absence of haematological malignancy. This choice was made for interpretability and clinical relevance. For clinicians, the impact of neutropenia on mortality risk for septic patients with haematological malignancy is important to guide prognostication, escalation of treatment, and recognition of non-neutropenic patients in local guidelines for management of sepsis.</p><p>As noted by Caibao and colleagues, we further observed that leukopenia was associated with mortality in a univariable model, both in the presence and absence of haematological malignancy, but not in a multivariable model. Formal assessment of collinearity was performed using variance inflation factor (VIF) and all included variables had VIF < 10. This indicates that while crude mortality was higher in the neutropenic group, after adjustment for confounders including age, illness severity and year of admission, this was non-significant. Our findings are in keeping with previous studies reporting that neutropenia alone is not necessarily predictive of mortality after confounders including illness severity are accounted for [3, 4].</p><p>The complex relationship between leukopenia and mortality in septic patients with haematological malignancies warrants further study. Based on existing data, neutropenic patients should not be assumed to have a poorer prognosis, and sepsis in non-neutropenic patients should not be under-estimated.</p><p>No datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.</p><ol data-track-component=\"outbound reference\" data-track-context=\"references section\"><li data-counter=\"1.\"><p>Hu C, Li Q, Ding X. Relationship between leukopenia and mortality among patients with hematological malignancies. Crit Care. 2025;28:402.</p><p>Article Google Scholar </p></li><li data-counter=\"2.\"><p>MacPhail A, Dendle C, Slavin M, Weinkove R, Bailey M, Pilcher D, et al. Sepsis mortality among patients with haematological malignancy admitted to intensive care 2000–2022: a binational cohort study. Crit Care. 2024;28(1):148.</","PeriodicalId":10811,"journal":{"name":"Critical Care","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143375404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-07DOI: 10.1186/s13054-025-05293-y
Yankang Ren, Xiaoxue Nie, Haiyan Liu, Tao Jiang, Yuan Bian, Feng Xu, Yuguo Chen, Xianfei Ji
<p>Post-cardiac arrest brain injury (PCABI) exerts a profound impact on mortality and long-term disability of patients who undergo cardiac arrest (CA) and subsequently achieve the return of spontaneous circulation following cardiopulmonary resuscitation [1]. The primary aim of post-resuscitation therapy is to mitigate neurological damage to the greatest extent possible, necessitating comprehensive neurological monitoring and preventive strategies. The 2021 International Guidelines recommend several predictors for assessing the neurological prognosis of CA survivors [2]. Recently, a novel approach known as multimodal monitoring (MMM) has come to the fore [3], employing advanced technologies to monitor real-time brain pathophysiological changes and evaluate brain function. Nevertheless, the function of MMM in appraising neurological function and prognosticating outcomes among CA patients remains in the exploratory stage within intensive care units (ICUs). The objective of our survey was to provide a holistic understanding of the current practical applications of noninvasive MMM for patients with PCABI across various regions within Chinese ICUs.</p><p>The questionnaire was devised by our research team and comprised 13 questions, categorized into four primary themes: 1) information related to the healthcare organizations, 2) current practices concerning MMM items, 3) the existing provision of monitoring instruments and 4) assessment and expectations regarding MMM.</p><p>A cohort of 109 ICU professionals were identified across 7 Chinese regions. During the period from September to October 2024, participants were invited to complete the questionnaire via the WPS form. The collected responses were analyzed underwent descriptive analysis of quantitative and qualitative data.</p><p>Among the respondents predominantly working in Emergency Intensive Care Units, 73.4% were affiliated with Class IIIA medical units (Additional file 1: Table S1), and the majority located in Eastern China (67.9%). Regarding the bed capacity of the participants’ departments, those with 11–20 beds constituted the largest cohort at 31.2%. Furthermore, departments that admit CA patients and perform extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) annually reported rates of up to 46.8% and 54.1%, respectively.</p><p>The survey disclosed that merely 36.7% of participants employed MMM, falling short of 50%. A preponderant majority of respondents strongly concurred on the significance of MMM for early diagnosis, severity assessment, treatment planning, and prognostic evaluation. Furthermore, a majority of participants expressed a moderate level of trust in the results derived from MMM (68.8%) in clinical practice. Looking ahead, 89.0% of participants expressed their intention to actively introduce or augment the application of MMM in clinical settings (Additional file 1: Tables S2).</p><p>Among the assorted monitoring methods associated with MMM (Fig. 1), brain imaging examination (9
{"title":"Noninvasive multimodal neuromonitoring in patients with post-cardiac arrest brain injury: a survey from China’s intensive care units","authors":"Yankang Ren, Xiaoxue Nie, Haiyan Liu, Tao Jiang, Yuan Bian, Feng Xu, Yuguo Chen, Xianfei Ji","doi":"10.1186/s13054-025-05293-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-025-05293-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Post-cardiac arrest brain injury (PCABI) exerts a profound impact on mortality and long-term disability of patients who undergo cardiac arrest (CA) and subsequently achieve the return of spontaneous circulation following cardiopulmonary resuscitation [1]. The primary aim of post-resuscitation therapy is to mitigate neurological damage to the greatest extent possible, necessitating comprehensive neurological monitoring and preventive strategies. The 2021 International Guidelines recommend several predictors for assessing the neurological prognosis of CA survivors [2]. Recently, a novel approach known as multimodal monitoring (MMM) has come to the fore [3], employing advanced technologies to monitor real-time brain pathophysiological changes and evaluate brain function. Nevertheless, the function of MMM in appraising neurological function and prognosticating outcomes among CA patients remains in the exploratory stage within intensive care units (ICUs). The objective of our survey was to provide a holistic understanding of the current practical applications of noninvasive MMM for patients with PCABI across various regions within Chinese ICUs.</p><p>The questionnaire was devised by our research team and comprised 13 questions, categorized into four primary themes: 1) information related to the healthcare organizations, 2) current practices concerning MMM items, 3) the existing provision of monitoring instruments and 4) assessment and expectations regarding MMM.</p><p>A cohort of 109 ICU professionals were identified across 7 Chinese regions. During the period from September to October 2024, participants were invited to complete the questionnaire via the WPS form. The collected responses were analyzed underwent descriptive analysis of quantitative and qualitative data.</p><p>Among the respondents predominantly working in Emergency Intensive Care Units, 73.4% were affiliated with Class IIIA medical units (Additional file 1: Table S1), and the majority located in Eastern China (67.9%). Regarding the bed capacity of the participants’ departments, those with 11–20 beds constituted the largest cohort at 31.2%. Furthermore, departments that admit CA patients and perform extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) annually reported rates of up to 46.8% and 54.1%, respectively.</p><p>The survey disclosed that merely 36.7% of participants employed MMM, falling short of 50%. A preponderant majority of respondents strongly concurred on the significance of MMM for early diagnosis, severity assessment, treatment planning, and prognostic evaluation. Furthermore, a majority of participants expressed a moderate level of trust in the results derived from MMM (68.8%) in clinical practice. Looking ahead, 89.0% of participants expressed their intention to actively introduce or augment the application of MMM in clinical settings (Additional file 1: Tables S2).</p><p>Among the assorted monitoring methods associated with MMM (Fig. 1), brain imaging examination (9","PeriodicalId":10811,"journal":{"name":"Critical Care","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143258634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-07DOI: 10.1186/s13054-025-05286-x
Thomas Roe, Thomas Talbot, Isis Terrington, Jayant Johal, Ivan Kemp, Kordo Saeed, Elizabeth Webb, Rebecca Cusack, Michael P. W. Grocott, Ahilanandan Dushianthan
Airway mucus is a highly specialised secretory fluid which functions as a physical and immunological barrier to pathogens whilst lubricating the airways and humifying atmospheric air. Dysfunction is common during critical illness and is characterised by changes in production rate, chemical composition, physical properties, and inflammatory phenotype. Mucociliary clearance, which is determined in part by mucus characteristics and in part by ciliary function, is also dysfunctional in critical illness via disease related and iatrogenic mechanisms. The consequences of mucus dysfunction are potentially devastating, contributing to prolonged ventilator dependency, increased risk of secondary pneumonia, and worsened lung injury. Mucolytic therapies are designed to decrease viscosity, improve expectoration/suctioning, and thereby promote mucus removal. Mucolytics, including hypertonic saline, dornase alfa/rhDNase, nebulised heparin, carbocisteine/N-Acetyl cysteine, are commonly used in critically ill patients. This review summarises the physiology and pathophysiology of mucus and the existing evidence for the use of mucolytics in critically ill patients and speculates on journey to individualised mucolytic therapy.
{"title":"Physiology and pathophysiology of mucus and mucolytic use in critically ill patients","authors":"Thomas Roe, Thomas Talbot, Isis Terrington, Jayant Johal, Ivan Kemp, Kordo Saeed, Elizabeth Webb, Rebecca Cusack, Michael P. W. Grocott, Ahilanandan Dushianthan","doi":"10.1186/s13054-025-05286-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-025-05286-x","url":null,"abstract":"Airway mucus is a highly specialised secretory fluid which functions as a physical and immunological barrier to pathogens whilst lubricating the airways and humifying atmospheric air. Dysfunction is common during critical illness and is characterised by changes in production rate, chemical composition, physical properties, and inflammatory phenotype. Mucociliary clearance, which is determined in part by mucus characteristics and in part by ciliary function, is also dysfunctional in critical illness via disease related and iatrogenic mechanisms. The consequences of mucus dysfunction are potentially devastating, contributing to prolonged ventilator dependency, increased risk of secondary pneumonia, and worsened lung injury. Mucolytic therapies are designed to decrease viscosity, improve expectoration/suctioning, and thereby promote mucus removal. Mucolytics, including hypertonic saline, dornase alfa/rhDNase, nebulised heparin, carbocisteine/N-Acetyl cysteine, are commonly used in critically ill patients. This review summarises the physiology and pathophysiology of mucus and the existing evidence for the use of mucolytics in critically ill patients and speculates on journey to individualised mucolytic therapy.","PeriodicalId":10811,"journal":{"name":"Critical Care","volume":"178 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143258635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-07DOI: 10.1186/s13054-025-05270-5
Chahnez Taleb, Elisa Gouvea Bogossian, Carla Bittencour Rynkowski, Kirsten Møller, Piet Lormans, Manuel Quintana Diaz, Anselmo Caricato, Luigi Zattera, Pedro Kurtz, Geert Meyfroidt, Herve Quintard, Maria Celeste Dias, Angelo Giacomucci, Charlotte Castelain, Russell Chabanne, Pilar Marcos-Neira, Stepani Bendel, Ahmed Subhy Alsheikhly, Mohamed Elbahnasawy, Samuel Gay, Maximilian D’Onofrio, Konstantin A. Popugaev, Nikolaos Markou, Pierre Bouzat, Jean-Louis Vincent, Fabio Silvio Taccone
The optimal hemoglobin (Hb) threshold to trigger red blood cell transfusions (RBCT) in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients is unclear. This study evaluated the impact of liberal versus restrictive transfusion strategies on neurological outcome in patients with SAH. This is a pre-planned secondary analysis of the “TRansfusion Strategies in Acute brain INjured Patients” (TRAIN) study. We included all SAH patients from the original study that were randomized to receive RBCT when Hb levels dropped below 9 g/dL (liberal group) or 7 g/dL (restrictive group). The primary outcome was an unfavorable neurological outcome at 180 days, defined by a Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended score of 1–5. Of the 190 SAH patients in the trial, 188 (98.9%) had data available for the primary outcome, with 86 (45.3%) in the liberal group and 102 (53.6%) in the restrictive group. Patients in the liberal group were older than in the restrictive group, but otherwise had similar baseline characteristics. Patients in the liberal group received more RBCT and showed higher Hb levels over time. At 180 days, 57 (66.3%) patients in the liberal group and 78 (76.4%) in the restrictive group had unfavorable outcomes (risk ratio, RR 0.87; 95% confidence intervals, 95% CI 0.71–1.04). Patients in the liberal group had a significantly lower risk of cerebral ischemia (RR 0.63; 95% CI 0.41–0.97). In a multivariate analysis, randomization to the liberal group was associated with a lower risk of unfavorable outcome (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.70–0.99). A liberal transfusion strategy was not associated with a lower incidence of unfavorable outcome after SAH when compared to a restrictive strategy. However, in a multivariable analysis adjusted for confounders randomization to the liberal group was associated with lower risk of unfavorable outcome. The occurrence of cerebral ischemia was significantly lower in the liberal transfusion strategy group. ClinicalTrials.gov number—NCT02968654 registered on November 16th, 2016.
{"title":"Liberal versus restrictive transfusion strategies in subarachnoid hemorrhage: a secondary analysis of the TRAIN study","authors":"Chahnez Taleb, Elisa Gouvea Bogossian, Carla Bittencour Rynkowski, Kirsten Møller, Piet Lormans, Manuel Quintana Diaz, Anselmo Caricato, Luigi Zattera, Pedro Kurtz, Geert Meyfroidt, Herve Quintard, Maria Celeste Dias, Angelo Giacomucci, Charlotte Castelain, Russell Chabanne, Pilar Marcos-Neira, Stepani Bendel, Ahmed Subhy Alsheikhly, Mohamed Elbahnasawy, Samuel Gay, Maximilian D’Onofrio, Konstantin A. Popugaev, Nikolaos Markou, Pierre Bouzat, Jean-Louis Vincent, Fabio Silvio Taccone","doi":"10.1186/s13054-025-05270-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-025-05270-5","url":null,"abstract":"The optimal hemoglobin (Hb) threshold to trigger red blood cell transfusions (RBCT) in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients is unclear. This study evaluated the impact of liberal versus restrictive transfusion strategies on neurological outcome in patients with SAH. This is a pre-planned secondary analysis of the “TRansfusion Strategies in Acute brain INjured Patients” (TRAIN) study. We included all SAH patients from the original study that were randomized to receive RBCT when Hb levels dropped below 9 g/dL (liberal group) or 7 g/dL (restrictive group). The primary outcome was an unfavorable neurological outcome at 180 days, defined by a Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended score of 1–5. Of the 190 SAH patients in the trial, 188 (98.9%) had data available for the primary outcome, with 86 (45.3%) in the liberal group and 102 (53.6%) in the restrictive group. Patients in the liberal group were older than in the restrictive group, but otherwise had similar baseline characteristics. Patients in the liberal group received more RBCT and showed higher Hb levels over time. At 180 days, 57 (66.3%) patients in the liberal group and 78 (76.4%) in the restrictive group had unfavorable outcomes (risk ratio, RR 0.87; 95% confidence intervals, 95% CI 0.71–1.04). Patients in the liberal group had a significantly lower risk of cerebral ischemia (RR 0.63; 95% CI 0.41–0.97). In a multivariate analysis, randomization to the liberal group was associated with a lower risk of unfavorable outcome (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.70–0.99). A liberal transfusion strategy was not associated with a lower incidence of unfavorable outcome after SAH when compared to a restrictive strategy. However, in a multivariable analysis adjusted for confounders randomization to the liberal group was associated with lower risk of unfavorable outcome. The occurrence of cerebral ischemia was significantly lower in the liberal transfusion strategy group. ClinicalTrials.gov number—NCT02968654 registered on November 16th, 2016.","PeriodicalId":10811,"journal":{"name":"Critical Care","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143258452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Postoperative sepsis is a severe complication associated with increased mortality and potential long-term cognitive decline, including dementia. However, the relationship between postoperative sepsis and dementia remains poorly understood. This retrospective cohort study used data from the National Database in Taiwan, covering the period from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2022. The index period for surgeries was set between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2013, allowing the identification of patients without prior dementia. A landmark period of 12 months following surgery was defined to capture the number of postoperative sepsis events, which were then analyzed for their impact on dementia risk. After 1:4 propensity score matching (PSM), dementia and mortality were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards and Fine-Gray competing risk models. Following PSM, 778 patients were in the postoperative sepsis group and 3,112 in the non-postoperative sepsis group. Dementia incidence was higher in the postoperative sepsis group (26%) compared to the non- postoperative sepsis group (13.6%), with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.25 (95% CI, 1.03–1.52). A dose–response relationship was observed, with dementia rates of 24.5% for one postoperative sepsis event and 34.9% for two or more events, the latter showing an HR of 1.77 (95% CI, 1.17–2.66). Mortality was also elevated in the postoperative sepsis group (40.5% vs. 31.6%; HR 1.45, 95% CI, 1.28–1.65). Postoperative sepsis is significantly associated with increased dementia risk in a dose-dependent manner. These findings highlight the importance of enhancing perioperative infection control to reduce both immediate and long-term cognitive complications.
{"title":"Postoperative sepsis and its sequential impact on dementia","authors":"Mingyang Sun, Fangfang Li, Yangyang Wang, Mengrong Miao, Zhongyuan Lu, Wan-Ming Chen, Szu-Yuan Wu, Jiaqiang Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s13054-025-05276-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-025-05276-z","url":null,"abstract":"Postoperative sepsis is a severe complication associated with increased mortality and potential long-term cognitive decline, including dementia. However, the relationship between postoperative sepsis and dementia remains poorly understood. This retrospective cohort study used data from the National Database in Taiwan, covering the period from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2022. The index period for surgeries was set between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2013, allowing the identification of patients without prior dementia. A landmark period of 12 months following surgery was defined to capture the number of postoperative sepsis events, which were then analyzed for their impact on dementia risk. After 1:4 propensity score matching (PSM), dementia and mortality were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards and Fine-Gray competing risk models. Following PSM, 778 patients were in the postoperative sepsis group and 3,112 in the non-postoperative sepsis group. Dementia incidence was higher in the postoperative sepsis group (26%) compared to the non- postoperative sepsis group (13.6%), with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.25 (95% CI, 1.03–1.52). A dose–response relationship was observed, with dementia rates of 24.5% for one postoperative sepsis event and 34.9% for two or more events, the latter showing an HR of 1.77 (95% CI, 1.17–2.66). Mortality was also elevated in the postoperative sepsis group (40.5% vs. 31.6%; HR 1.45, 95% CI, 1.28–1.65). Postoperative sepsis is significantly associated with increased dementia risk in a dose-dependent manner. These findings highlight the importance of enhancing perioperative infection control to reduce both immediate and long-term cognitive complications.","PeriodicalId":10811,"journal":{"name":"Critical Care","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143192524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-06DOI: 10.1186/s13054-025-05277-y
Jinhwan Jo, Seung Hun Lee, Hyun Sung Joh, Hyun Kuk Kim, Ju Han Kim, Young Joon Hong, Young Keun Ahn, Myung Ho Jeong, Seung Ho Hur, Doo-Il Kim, Kiyuk Chang, Hun Sik Park, Jang-Whan Bae, Jin-Ok Jeong, Yong Hwan Park, Kyeong Ho Yun, Chang-Hwan Yoon, Yisik Kim, Jin-Yong Hwang, Hyo-Soo Kim, Woochan Kwon, Doosup Shin, Junho Ha, Chang Hoon Kim, Ki Hong Choi, Taek Kyu Park, Jeong Hoon Yang, Young Bin Song, Joo-Yong Hahn, Seung-Hyuk Choi, Hyeon-Cheol Gwon, Joo Myung Lee
Although potent P2Y12 inhibitors, such as ticagrelor and prasugrel, are standard treatment in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), evidence for their efficacy and safety compared with clopidogrel is limited in patients with AMI complicated by cardiogenic shock. Among 28,949 patients from the nationwide pooled registry of KAMIR-NIH and KAMIR-V, a total of 1482 patients (5.1%) with AMI and cardiogenic shock who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention of the culprit vessel were selected. Primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE, a composite of cardiac death, MI, repeat revascularization and definite stent thrombosis) and major secondary outcome was Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) type 2 or greater bleeding at 2 years. Among the study population, 537 patients (36.2%) received potent P2Y12 inhibitors and 945 patients (63.8%) received clopidogrel after index procedure. The risk of MACE was significantly lower in the potent P2Y12 inhibitors group than in the clopidogrel group (16.6% versus 24.7%; adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.76 [95% CI 0.59–0.99]; P = 0.046). Regarding BARC type 2 or greater bleeding, there was no significant difference between the potent P2Y12 inhibitors group and the clopidogrel group (12.5% versus 10.7%; adjusted HR, 1.36 [95% CI 0.98–1.88]; P = 0.064). Significant interaction was observed in patients aged ≥ 75 years (interaction P = 0.021) or venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (VA-ECMO) use (interaction P = 0.015) for significantly increased risk of BARC type 2 or greater bleeding following the use of potent P2Y12 inhibitors. In patients with AMI complicated by cardiogenic shock, the use of potent P2Y12 inhibitors was associated with a lower risk of MACE compared with clopidogrel, without an increased risk of BARC type 2 or greater bleeding. The current data supports the use of potent P2Y12 inhibitors in patients with AMI and cardiogenic shock, except in patients aged ≥ 75 years or receiving VA-ECMO support.
{"title":"Potent P2Y12 inhibitors in patients with acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock","authors":"Jinhwan Jo, Seung Hun Lee, Hyun Sung Joh, Hyun Kuk Kim, Ju Han Kim, Young Joon Hong, Young Keun Ahn, Myung Ho Jeong, Seung Ho Hur, Doo-Il Kim, Kiyuk Chang, Hun Sik Park, Jang-Whan Bae, Jin-Ok Jeong, Yong Hwan Park, Kyeong Ho Yun, Chang-Hwan Yoon, Yisik Kim, Jin-Yong Hwang, Hyo-Soo Kim, Woochan Kwon, Doosup Shin, Junho Ha, Chang Hoon Kim, Ki Hong Choi, Taek Kyu Park, Jeong Hoon Yang, Young Bin Song, Joo-Yong Hahn, Seung-Hyuk Choi, Hyeon-Cheol Gwon, Joo Myung Lee","doi":"10.1186/s13054-025-05277-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-025-05277-y","url":null,"abstract":"Although potent P2Y12 inhibitors, such as ticagrelor and prasugrel, are standard treatment in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), evidence for their efficacy and safety compared with clopidogrel is limited in patients with AMI complicated by cardiogenic shock. Among 28,949 patients from the nationwide pooled registry of KAMIR-NIH and KAMIR-V, a total of 1482 patients (5.1%) with AMI and cardiogenic shock who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention of the culprit vessel were selected. Primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE, a composite of cardiac death, MI, repeat revascularization and definite stent thrombosis) and major secondary outcome was Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) type 2 or greater bleeding at 2 years. Among the study population, 537 patients (36.2%) received potent P2Y12 inhibitors and 945 patients (63.8%) received clopidogrel after index procedure. The risk of MACE was significantly lower in the potent P2Y12 inhibitors group than in the clopidogrel group (16.6% versus 24.7%; adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.76 [95% CI 0.59–0.99]; P = 0.046). Regarding BARC type 2 or greater bleeding, there was no significant difference between the potent P2Y12 inhibitors group and the clopidogrel group (12.5% versus 10.7%; adjusted HR, 1.36 [95% CI 0.98–1.88]; P = 0.064). Significant interaction was observed in patients aged ≥ 75 years (interaction P = 0.021) or venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (VA-ECMO) use (interaction P = 0.015) for significantly increased risk of BARC type 2 or greater bleeding following the use of potent P2Y12 inhibitors. In patients with AMI complicated by cardiogenic shock, the use of potent P2Y12 inhibitors was associated with a lower risk of MACE compared with clopidogrel, without an increased risk of BARC type 2 or greater bleeding. The current data supports the use of potent P2Y12 inhibitors in patients with AMI and cardiogenic shock, except in patients aged ≥ 75 years or receiving VA-ECMO support. ","PeriodicalId":10811,"journal":{"name":"Critical Care","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143192500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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