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The aesthetic analysis of idiomatic expressions in Amaụzari Igbo: A socio-cultural approach Amaụzari伊博语惯用语的美学分析:社会文化视角
Pub Date : 2023-03-16 DOI: 10.57040/jllls.v3i1.384
Blessing Ugochi Uwasomba
Idiomatic expressions are useful tools for communicating a great deal of meaning in different languages. The purpose and the objective of this study are to examine the aesthetic nature of idiomatic expressions and to illustrate how Igbo people use idiomatic expressions in discourses.  This study takes a socio-cultural approach to how words in the language are used in oral expressions for entertainment and peaceful discussions that bind the Amaụzari people together. Amauzari is a town in Isiala Mbano local government area of Imo State, Nigeria. The study used a sample population of over hundred men and women for her data collection. The aesthetic characteristics of idiomatic expressions are exhibited and appreciated especially during cultural ceremonies that attract a lot of people to the villages in Amaụzari. Data for this study were collected from the primary source. We collected data through participant observations of discourse contexts. The study used over hundred men and women as the sample population for  data collection. The Theoretical framework we adopted in the study is Linguistic relativity which is known as the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis shows that the meaning of utterances is from cultural conventions for how the words are used and interpreted. The study discovered that the appropriate use of idiomatic expression is a mark of pragmatic competence. In conclusion, the study shows that the characteristics of idiomatic expressions contribute to the peaceful existence of people according to their cultural backgrounds.
习惯用语是在不同语言中交流大量含义的有用工具。本研究的目的和目的是考察习语表达的审美本质,并说明伊博人如何在语篇中使用习语表达。这项研究采用社会文化的方法来研究语言中的单词如何用于娱乐和和平讨论的口头表达,将Amaụzari人民联系在一起。Amauzari是尼日利亚伊莫州Isiala Mbano地方政府区的一个城镇。该研究使用了100多名男性和女性的样本来收集数据。特别是在文化仪式中,习语表达的审美特征被展示和欣赏,吸引了很多人到Amaụzari的村庄。本研究的数据来自主要来源。我们通过参与者对话语语境的观察来收集数据。该研究使用了100多名男性和女性作为数据收集的样本人群。我们在研究中采用的理论框架是语言相对论,即Sapir-Whorf假说。Sapir-Whorf假说表明,话语的意义来自于如何使用和解释词语的文化习俗。研究发现,恰当使用习语表达是语用能力的标志。总之,该研究表明,习语表达的特点有助于人们根据其文化背景和平共处。
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引用次数: 0
Picaresque narrative techniques and popular literature in African prose fiction 非洲散文小说中的流浪汉式叙事技巧与通俗文学
Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.57040/jllls.v2i4.341
Philip Etyang, Justus Siboe Makokha, Oluoch Obura
The Picaresque tradition is a mode of writing that began in Spain in the 16th century and flourished in the 17th and 18th centuries throughout the rest of Europe. It is a literary tradition that has continued to influence modern fiction writing to date. The current paper examined the picaresque and popular African literature narrative techniques through conducting an in-depth analysis of the following texts; Kill Me Quick, Mission to Kala, The Angels Die, and A Sport of Nature. To effectively address the task, the study examined narratives and narrative techniques in the prose fiction under study. The paper then deployed the Structural Literary Theory in an effort to decode the intertextuality between the texts. The study established that the texts under study are interconnected through the main characters, especially the picaro/picara. An examination of Gustav Freytag’s narrative structure was conducted and similarities and differences in the narrative structures of the texts under study was observed. The Postcolonial Literary Theory was also consulted where specific strands of the theory as propounded by Vorn Gorp, and Frantz Fanon were blended to furnish the study with the necessary theoretical backbone to exhaustively study picaresque narratives in popular literature. In conclusion, the study established that the Picaresque and Popular Literature writing modes are interconnected through the use plot and main characters. The study also established that the non-linear and episodic plot structures are the most commonly used techniques in picaresque and popular writing modes.
流浪汉文学传统是一种书写方式,始于16世纪的西班牙,并在17、18世纪风靡欧洲其他地区。这是一种文学传统,至今仍在影响着现代小说写作。本文通过对以下文本的深入分析,考察了流浪汉文学和通俗非洲文学的叙事技巧;《快杀了我》、《卡拉的使命》、《天使之死》和《大自然的运动》。为了有效地解决这一问题,本研究考察了所研究的散文小说中的叙事和叙事技巧。然后运用结构文学理论对文本间的互文性进行解读。该研究确定了所研究的文本通过主要人物,特别是picaro/picara相互联系。对古斯塔夫·弗莱塔格的叙事结构进行了考察,观察了所研究文本的叙事结构的异同。《后殖民文学理论》也被参考,其中沃恩·戈普(Vorn Gorp)和弗朗茨·法农(Frantz Fanon)提出的理论的具体分支被混合在一起,为详尽研究通俗文学中的流浪汉叙事提供了必要的理论支柱。综上所述,本研究确立了流浪汉文学与通俗文学的写作模式是通过情节和主要人物的使用而相互联系的。研究还表明,非线性和情节结构是流浪汉小说和流行写作模式中最常用的技巧。
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引用次数: 1
Anaphors in Ikwuano Igbo: Binding Theory Approach
Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.57040/jllls.v2i4.339
Blessing Ugochi Uwasomba
This work investigates Anaphors in Ikwuano Igbo. Anaphoric expressions are useful in the meaningful interpretations of NPs in a discourse. This study adopts the Binding Theory (BT) approach of GB syntax in examining anaphoric expressions in Igbo. Data for this work were elicited from native speakers of Ikwuano in Ikwuano area of Abia State, Nigeria. This paper was verified for cross-referencing purposes given the researcher’s native speaking intuition and introspection. This study investigates anaphors and antecedents and also demonstrates the concepts of C-command and binding, among others in Ikwuano Igbo. The work reveals that Ikwuano Igbo has two types of anaphors- the reflexive and the reciprocal anaphors. The study demonstrates that the binding theory investigates the syntactic relationship that can or must hold between a given proform and its antecedent. In this respect, anaphors (reflexive and reciprocal pronouns) behave very differently from personal pronouns.  The work demonstrates the concepts of binding, Co-indexation, Co-referentiality, locality constraint and C-constituent command to show dependency between the antecedents and the anaphors in Ikwuano Igbo. This paper also reveals that Ikwuano Igbo has anaphoric expressions that do not mark gender. The Binding Theory shows that the antecedent and the anaphor occur in the same governing category. Also it shows that a pronominal must be free in its governing category and an R-expression must be free everywhere in a sentence according to the regulating principles of the Theory. This paper reveals the descriptive nature of antecedent- anaphor relationship in the study of syntactic structures for grammaticality.
本研究调查了伊库诺伊博的隐喻。回指表达在语篇中对np有意义的解释是有用的。本研究采用GB语法的结合理论(BT)方法对伊博语的回指表达进行了研究。这项工作的数据来自尼日利亚阿比亚州伊库瓦诺地区的伊库瓦诺语母语者。鉴于研究人员的母语直觉和内省,本文经过交叉参考验证。本研究调查了暗喻和先行词,并展示了在Ikwuano Igbo中C-command和binding等概念。研究发现,伊库诺伊博有两种类型的隐喻:反身隐喻和对等隐喻。研究表明,结合理论研究的是给定构词与其先行词之间能够或必须保持的句法关系。在这方面,指喻(反身代词和对等代词)的行为与人称代词非常不同。本文通过结合、共同索引、共同指称、局部性约束和c -成分命令等概念来展示伊库诺伊博语中先行词和指涉词之间的依赖关系。本文还揭示了伊库诺伊博语中存在着不标记性别的回指表达。结合理论表明,先行词和指喻发生在同一支配范畴内。根据该理论的调节原则,代词在其支配范畴内必须是自由的,r -表达式在句子中的任何地方都必须是自由的。本文揭示了前指关系在句法结构语法性研究中的描述性。
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引用次数: 0
The honorific styles of the etnolinguistic communities: An ethnography 民族语言社区的敬语风格:一个民族志
Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.57040/jllls.v2i4.338
Lisa Labial Serafica
The purpose of this descriptive-qualitative study with ethnographic design was to explore the extant honorific styles of the identified ethnolinguistic communities. Data from 37 selected participants from the Mandaya, Kagan, and Mansaka Tribes of Tagum City who took part in the KII and FGD interview using validated qualitative interview guide pointed to insight. Based on the analyses of data, the findings reveal the existence of the following appellative honorifics: Kinship, Sub-kinship, Rank, Aged, Professional, No Naming, and Identity Honorifics in the Mandaya, Kagan, and Mansaka Tribes of Tagum City. Moreover, it is also found that bound morpheme markers such as ma, dag, da, pyag, an, gi, on, ka, di, and ba exist in the dialects of the ethnolinguistic communities which describe and define the person’s characteristics and abilities in the honorific styles.
本研究以民族志设计为目的,探讨已确认的民族语言社群现存的敬语风格。从塔古姆市Mandaya、Kagan和Mansaka部落选出的37名参与者的数据显示,他们使用经过验证的定性访谈指南参加了KII和FGD访谈。通过对数据的分析,发现塔古姆市Mandaya部落、Kagan部落和Mansaka部落存在亲属称谓敬语、次亲属称谓敬语、等级称谓敬语、年龄称谓敬语、职业称谓敬语、无名称谓敬语和身份称谓敬语。此外,还发现民族语言共同体方言中存在ma、dag、da、pyag、an、gi、on、ka、di、ba等结合语素标记,这些语素标记描述和界定了人在敬语风格中的特征和能力。
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引用次数: 0
Making it clearer: Elaboration strategies in Gĩkũyũ, a Bantu language 使其更清晰:在班图语Gĩkũyũ中的细化策略
Pub Date : 2022-12-14 DOI: 10.57040/jllls.v2i4.327
Peter Maina Wakarindi, P. Mwangi, Martin C. Njoroge
Typically, spontaneous language comprises sequences of logically joined clauses. Studies have revealed that such structures contribute to fluency in speech or writing as they reduce the use of simple structures. Simple structures have been found to make texts more disjointed. The combined clauses, which Systemic Functional linguistics calls clause complexes, are fundamentally held together by two forms of logico-semantic relations: expansion and projection. These relations are achieved through different strategies, among them conjunctive resources. An individual’s knowledge of conjunctive patterns of a language, and logico-semantic relations by extension, influences one’s selection of conjunctive resources. This article aims at exploring the logico-semantic relation of elaboration, a mode of expansion, in Gĩkũyũ clause complexes. Its data, Gĩkũyũ clause complexes, were purposively sampled majorly from spoken and written sources. The findings reveal different categories of paratactic and hypotactic elaboration in Gĩkũyũ. The different categories were found to employ varied elaboration strategies such as overt conjunctive expressions that mark certain relations, acting as linkers and binders in the clause complexes. The strategies are significant in promoting communicative competence as they have previously been noted to contribute to cohesion in Gĩkũyũ texts.
通常,自发语言由逻辑连接的子句序列组成。研究表明,这种结构有助于说话或写作的流畅性,因为它们减少了简单结构的使用。研究发现,简单的结构会使文本更加脱节。系统功能语言学称之为子句复合体的组合子句,从根本上讲是由两种形式的逻辑语义关系维系在一起的:展开和投射。这些关系是通过不同的策略来实现的,其中包括联合资源。个体对一种语言的连接模式和逻辑语义关系的认知会影响个体对连接资源的选择。本文旨在探讨Gĩkũyũ子句复合体的一种扩展方式——阐述的逻辑语义关系。它的数据,Gĩkũyũ子句综合体,主要是从口头和书面来源有意取样的。研究结果揭示了Gĩkũyũ中不同类型的意合和形合阐述。不同的类别被发现采用不同的阐述策略,如标记某些关系的公开连词表达,在子句复合体中起连接和结合作用。这些策略在促进交际能力方面具有重要意义,因为它们在Gĩkũyũ文本中有助于衔接。
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引用次数: 2
A case study research on Justin Herald’s language development 贾斯汀·哈罗德语言发展的个案研究
Pub Date : 2022-10-24 DOI: 10.57040/jllls.v2i3.283
G. Genelza
The first language development of a 4-year-old was the subject of this case study. Additionally, it examines the problems and processes that influence L1 development. Over the span of two months, the researcher observed and documented the subject's generated sounds, phrases, and sentences as well as how the learner responded to various linguistic stimuli to understand how the youngster internally interpreted them. According to the findings of the study, the child's phonological development should be taken into account and more emphasis placed on assisting the child in coping with phonological awareness in the target language, particularly in critical vowels and diphthongs. The child also struggled with language and communication, which were greatly influenced by his environment. Undoubtedly, a child's early language development is greatly influenced by the environment and its surroundings. To promote practical and meaningful language learning and growth, both parents and teachers should constructively profit from them at different phases of the process of learning.
本案例研究的主题是四岁儿童的第一语言发展。此外,它还研究了影响L1发展的问题和过程。在两个月的时间里,研究人员观察并记录了受试者发出的声音、短语和句子,以及学习者对各种语言刺激的反应,以了解孩子如何在内心理解它们。根据研究结果,应考虑儿童的语音发展,并更加重视帮助儿童应对目标语言的语音意识,特别是关键元音和双元音。这个孩子在语言和交流方面也有困难,这在很大程度上受到他所处环境的影响。毫无疑问,儿童早期的语言发展很大程度上受到环境及其周围环境的影响。为了促进实用和有意义的语言学习和成长,家长和老师都应该在学习过程的不同阶段建设性地从中受益。
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引用次数: 0
Contribution of teachers of translation in promoting the public recognition of the translation profession in Burundi 翻译教师在促进布隆迪公众对翻译职业的认可方面的贡献
Pub Date : 2022-10-12 DOI: 10.57040/jllls.v2i3.284
Irankeje Fiacre
Translation plays a vital role in communication without having to learn a foreign language. It also paves the way for knowledge dissemination between people from different cultural backgrounds. However, the translation profession is still little recognized in Burundi. This article attempts to appraise the role of lecturers of translation at university in the development of the translation profession in Burundi. Tseng’s model of professionalisation and the theory of control are two theoretical frameworks underpinning this study. Questionnaires were administered to translation lecturers at the undergraduate level. The data collected were therefore analysed using Microsoft Excel. Results indicated that the translation profession is unknown in Burundi. The findings also revealed that lecturers of translation at universities do not act as a role model in promoting public recognition of the translation profession. This research finally recommends that all stakeholders in the translation profession should establish a body regulatory to regulate translation practices on the market.
翻译在不必学习外语的交流中起着至关重要的作用。它也为来自不同文化背景的人们之间的知识传播铺平了道路。然而,翻译行业在布隆迪仍然很少得到认可。本文试图评价布隆迪大学翻译讲师在翻译职业发展中的作用。Tseng的专业化模型和控制理论是支撑本研究的两个理论框架。对本科水平的翻译讲师进行了问卷调查。因此,收集的数据使用Microsoft Excel进行分析。结果表明,布隆迪没有翻译专业。调查结果还显示,大学翻译讲师在促进公众对翻译职业的认可方面并没有起到榜样作用。本研究最后建议翻译行业的所有利益相关者都应该建立一个监管机构来规范市场上的翻译行为。
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引用次数: 0
Issues of ideal national identities in Tanure Ojaide’s The Questioner: A psychoanalytic approach 在Tanure Ojaide的《提问者》中理想的民族认同问题:精神分析的方法
Pub Date : 2022-10-12 DOI: 10.57040/jllls.v2i3.304
Linda Jummai Mustafa, Daniel Ibrahim
Environmental degradation has been a major topic of concern all over the world, especially because lands exploited for mining mineral resources such as crude oil become contaminated to such an extent that the natural ecosystems of many communities in the world are destroyed. Nigeria is not exempted from this problem and in particular, the Niger-Delta area has for decades suffered great deterioration due to the exploration and exploitation of oil. This situation may have instigated Tanure Ojaide to write poems that bring to the fore the psychological disposition of a people plagued with environmental degradation in the Niger-Delta area of Nigeria to call the world’s attention to the deterioration of life in the Niger-Delta. It is against this backdrop that this study understudies The Questioner, a collection of poems in order to further encapsulate the gory picture of environmental depreciation, neglect, corruption and unconcern for the people of the Niger-Delta. With the application of Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytical discourse, this study identifies the formation or adoption of questionable identities by individuals who are bedeviled with problems associated with environmental degradation. Hence, by the end of this research, it is observed that the personae in the poems studied, were embroiled in psychological conflicts that caused the fragmentation of their identities as a result of the devastating effects of environmental degradation.
环境退化一直是全世界关注的一个主要问题,特别是因为开采原油等矿产资源的土地受到污染,以至于世界上许多社区的自然生态系统遭到破坏。尼日利亚也不能免于这个问题,特别是尼日尔三角洲地区几十年来由于石油的勘探和开采而严重恶化。这种情况可能促使Tanure Ojaide写诗,将尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲地区环境恶化的人们的心理倾向展现出来,呼吁世界关注尼日尔三角洲地区生活恶化的问题。正是在这样的背景下,本研究取代了《发问者》这一诗集,以进一步概括尼日尔三角洲地区环境退化、忽视、腐败和对人民漠不关心的血腥画面。运用西格蒙德·弗洛伊德的精神分析话语,本研究确定了受到环境退化相关问题困扰的个人形成或采用可疑身份的过程。因此,在本研究结束时,我们观察到,所研究的诗歌中的人物,由于环境退化的破坏性影响,陷入了心理冲突,导致了他们身份的分裂。
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引用次数: 0
Translation services in Tunde Kelani’s film medium of ‘Thunderbolt-Mágùn’ production as evince of cultural credences 翻译服务在Tunde Kelani的电影媒介“Thunderbolt-Mágùn”的生产作为文化凭证的证据
Pub Date : 2022-09-23 DOI: 10.57040/jllls.v2i3.282
Victor 'Tunji Taiwo
Translation refers to the process of rendering of words or text from one language to another as a means of communication that gives meaning to a linguistics discourse from source to target languages for comprehension. Film as a mode of communication is used by individuals to express their thoughts based on representations by creating the illusions through moving images. Hence, in projecting the culture of the people, translation becomes inevitable channel of communication for comprehension of cultural ideas from source to target languages. The paper aims to examine the culture of translation services in films in consonance with the considerable modes of translations: subtitling, simultaneous, documentary and source to target language translations. The study employed qualitative research that uses content analysis design with the use of textual, verbal content analysis in film. A video-film of Tunde Kelani with Yoruba cultural elements has been purposively selected for translation discourse and meanings: Thunderbolt-Mágùn. The study is hinged on Error Analysis theory as appropriately employed for cultural translation discourses. Findings revealed that wrongly used words in describing situations in the process of translation by subtitling, simultaneous type of translations are crucial aspect of filmic interactions. Also, the Yoruba cultural beliefs and traditions are significantly reflected in songs, and also serve as means of expressing the people’s emotions and opinions. These form important aspects of the filmic interactions through which the audience comprehend the messages.
翻译是指将词汇或文本从一种语言翻译成另一种语言,作为一种交流手段,使语言学话语从源语到目的语具有意义,以供理解的过程。电影作为一种交流方式,是个体通过运动影像创造幻觉,在表象的基础上表达自己的思想。因此,在对民族文化的投射中,翻译成为理解源语与译语文化观念的必然沟通渠道。本文从字幕翻译、同声传译、纪录片翻译和源语翻译等多种翻译模式出发,探讨电影翻译服务文化。本研究采用定性研究,采用内容分析设计,并运用电影文本、言语内容分析。有意选择了一部带有约鲁巴文化元素的Tunde Kelani视频作为翻译语篇和意义的网址:Thunderbolt-Mágùn。本文将错误分析理论应用于文化翻译语篇的研究。研究发现,在字幕翻译过程中,误用词语描述情景是电影互动的重要方面。此外,约鲁巴人的文化信仰和传统在歌曲中得到了显著的反映,也是表达人们情感和观点的手段。这些构成了电影互动的重要方面,观众通过这些互动来理解信息。
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引用次数: 1
A comparative semantic analysis of personal names in Igbo and Tiv 伊博语和提夫语人名的语义比较分析
Pub Date : 2022-08-11 DOI: 10.57040/jllls.v2i3.271
Philomena Ijeoma Olumba, Stephanie Terna, Torkuma Tyonande Damkor
The study entitled ’A comparative semantic analysis of personal names in Igbo and Tiv’ is relevant because the available literature at the disposal of the researchers do not treat the semantics of Igbo and Tiv personal names from the comparative perspective. Hence, the present study is designed to examine the personal names in Igbo and Tiv with the aim of discovering the similarities and differences between Igbo and Tiv personal naming systems. The study is predicated on LoCatsro (2012) notion of Anthropological Pragmatics. LoCatsro notion holds that the interpretation of semantic elements and properties are based on cultural peculiarities that can only be understood using the link between culture and contextual meaning of words. The conceptual framework supports the present study because it accounts for the existing personal names in Igbo and Tiv. The personal names in Igbo and Tiv, which are means of group and individual identities, usually reflect the experiences, wishes, religious beliefs, expectations, opinions, advice and caution among the peoples. The findings of the study show that the naming systems for the Igbo and Tiv personal names share some similarities based on the belief in God Almighty, philosophy about life, importance of children, circumstances surrounding the birth of a baby or the parents at the time of the childbirth. On the contrary, the naming systems of Igbo and Tiv differ due to certain beliefs that are peculiar to the Igbo and the Tiv peoples respectively.
这项名为“伊博语和提夫语人名的语义比较分析”的研究是相关的,因为研究人员所掌握的现有文献并没有从比较的角度对待伊博语和提夫语人名的语义。因此,本研究旨在研究伊博语和提夫语的人名,旨在发现伊博语和提夫语人名系统之间的异同。本研究以LoCatsro(2012)的人类学语用学概念为基础。LoCatsro概念认为,语义元素和属性的解释是基于文化特性的,而文化特性只能通过文化和语境意义之间的联系来理解。概念框架支持本研究,因为它解释了伊博语和提夫语中现有的人名。伊博语和提夫语中的人名是群体和个人身份认同的手段,通常反映了人们的经历、愿望、宗教信仰、期望、意见、建议和谨慎。研究结果表明,基于对全能的上帝的信仰、人生哲学、孩子的重要性、婴儿出生的环境或分娩时的父母,伊博人和提夫人的名字命名系统有一些相似之处。相反,伊博人和提夫人的命名系统不同,这是由于伊博人和提夫人各自特有的某些信仰。
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引用次数: 1
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Journal of Languages, Linguistics and Literary Studies
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