Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.crstbi.2024.100139
Benjamin M. Scott , Kevin Koh , Gregory D. Rix
Phytase enzymes are a crucial component of the natural phosphorus cycle, as they help make phosphate bioavailable by releasing it from phytate, the primary reservoir of organic phosphorus in grain and soil. Phytases also comprise a significant segment of the agricultural enzyme market, used primarily as an animal feed additive. At least four structurally and mechanistically distinct classes of phytases have evolved in bacteria and eukaryotes, and the natural diversity of each class is explored here using advances in protein structure prediction and functional annotation. This graphical review aims to provide a succinct description of the major classes of phytase enzymes across phyla, including their structures, conserved motifs, and mechanisms of action.
{"title":"Structural and functional profile of phytases across the domains of life","authors":"Benjamin M. Scott , Kevin Koh , Gregory D. Rix","doi":"10.1016/j.crstbi.2024.100139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crstbi.2024.100139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phytase enzymes are a crucial component of the natural phosphorus cycle, as they help make phosphate bioavailable by releasing it from phytate, the primary reservoir of organic phosphorus in grain and soil. Phytases also comprise a significant segment of the agricultural enzyme market, used primarily as an animal feed additive. At least four structurally and mechanistically distinct classes of phytases have evolved in bacteria and eukaryotes, and the natural diversity of each class is explored here using advances in protein structure prediction and functional annotation. This graphical review aims to provide a succinct description of the major classes of phytase enzymes across phyla, including their structures, conserved motifs, and mechanisms of action.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10870,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Structural Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665928X24000163/pdfft?md5=ae60c1887f74c5107da5399729903531&pid=1-s2.0-S2665928X24000163-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140208889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.crstbi.2024.100129
Aidana Amangeldina , Zhen Wah Tan , Igor N. Berezovsky
Since nucleic acids and proteins of unicellular prokaryotes are directly exposed to extreme environmental conditions, it is possible to explore the genomic-proteomic compositional determinants of molecular mechanisms of adaptation developed by them in response to harsh environmental conditions. Using a wealth of currently available complete genomes/proteomes we were able to explore signatures of adaptation to three environmental factors, pH, salinity, and temperature, observing major trends in compositions of their nucleic acids and proteins. We derived predictors of thermostability, halophilic, and pH adaptations and complemented them by the principal components analysis. We observed a clear difference between thermophilic and salinity/pH adaptations, whereas latter invoke seemingly overlapping mechanisms. The genome-proteome compositional trade-off reveals an intricate balance between the work of base paring and base stacking in stabilization of coding DNA and r/tRNAs, and, at the same time, universal requirements for the stability and foldability of proteins regardless of the nucleotide biases. Nevertheless, we still found hidden fingerprints of ancient evolutionary connections between the nucleotide and amino acid compositions indicating their emergence, mutual evolution, and adjustment. The evolutionary perspective on the adaptation mechanisms is further studied here by means of the comparative analysis of genomic/proteomic traits of archaeal and bacterial species. The overall picture of genomic/proteomic signals of adaptation obtained here provides a foundation for future engineering and design of functional biomolecules resistant to harsh environments.
{"title":"Living in trinity of extremes: Genomic and proteomic signatures of halophilic, thermophilic, and pH adaptation","authors":"Aidana Amangeldina , Zhen Wah Tan , Igor N. Berezovsky","doi":"10.1016/j.crstbi.2024.100129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crstbi.2024.100129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Since nucleic acids and proteins of unicellular prokaryotes are directly exposed to extreme environmental conditions, it is possible to explore the genomic-proteomic compositional determinants of molecular mechanisms of adaptation developed by them in response to harsh environmental conditions. Using a wealth of currently available complete genomes/proteomes we were able to explore signatures of adaptation to three environmental factors, pH, salinity, and temperature, observing major trends in compositions of their nucleic acids and proteins. We derived predictors of thermostability, halophilic, and pH adaptations and complemented them by the principal components analysis. We observed a clear difference between thermophilic and salinity/pH adaptations, whereas latter invoke seemingly overlapping mechanisms. The genome-proteome compositional trade-off reveals an intricate balance between the work of base paring and base stacking in stabilization of coding DNA and r/tRNAs, and, at the same time, universal requirements for the stability and foldability of proteins regardless of the nucleotide biases. Nevertheless, we still found hidden fingerprints of ancient evolutionary connections between the nucleotide and amino acid compositions indicating their emergence, mutual evolution, and adjustment. The evolutionary perspective on the adaptation mechanisms is further studied here by means of the comparative analysis of genomic/proteomic traits of archaeal and bacterial species. The overall picture of genomic/proteomic signals of adaptation obtained here provides a foundation for future engineering and design of functional biomolecules resistant to harsh environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10870,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Structural Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665928X24000060/pdfft?md5=6db45050bbde9f78ac6d75eb6e876f66&pid=1-s2.0-S2665928X24000060-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139674781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.crstbi.2024.100131
Ki Hyun Nam
Serial crystallography (SX) is an emerging technique that can be used to determine the noncryogenic crystal structure of macromolecules while minimizing radiation damage. Applying SX using pump-probe or mix-and-inject techniques enables the observation of time-resolved molecular reactions and dynamics in macromolecules. After the successful demonstration of the SX experimental technique with structure determination in serial femtosecond crystallography using an X-ray free electron laser, this method was adapted to the synchrotron, leading to the development of serial synchrotron crystallography (SSX). SSX offers new opportunities for researchers to leverage SX techniques, contributing to the advancement of structural biology and offering a deeper understanding of the structure and function of macromolecules. This review covers the background and advantages of SSX and its experimental approach. It also discusses important considerations when conducting SSX experiments.
{"title":"Guide to serial synchrotron crystallography","authors":"Ki Hyun Nam","doi":"10.1016/j.crstbi.2024.100131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crstbi.2024.100131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Serial crystallography (SX) is an emerging technique that can be used to determine the noncryogenic crystal structure of macromolecules while minimizing radiation damage. Applying SX using pump-probe or mix-and-inject techniques enables the observation of time-resolved molecular reactions and dynamics in macromolecules. After the successful demonstration of the SX experimental technique with structure determination in serial femtosecond crystallography using an X-ray free electron laser, this method was adapted to the synchrotron, leading to the development of serial synchrotron crystallography (SSX). SSX offers new opportunities for researchers to leverage SX techniques, contributing to the advancement of structural biology and offering a deeper understanding of the structure and function of macromolecules. This review covers the background and advantages of SSX and its experimental approach. It also discusses important considerations when conducting SSX experiments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10870,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Structural Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665928X24000084/pdfft?md5=c5f1d40127b05dcec44b6c96edc93911&pid=1-s2.0-S2665928X24000084-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139718264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.crstbi.2024.100128
Vandana Mishra , Anuradha Deshmukh , Ishan Rathore , Satadru Chakraborty , Swati Patankar , Alla Gustchina , Alexander Wlodawer , Rickey Y. Yada , Prasenjit Bhaumik
Plasmodium species are causative agents of malaria, a disease that is a serious global health concern. FDA-approved HIV-1 protease inhibitors (HIV-1 PIs) have been reported to be effective in reducing the infection by Plasmodium parasites in the population co-infected with both HIV-1 and malaria. However, the mechanism of HIV-1 PIs in mitigating Plasmodium pathogenesis during malaria/HIV-1 co-infection is not fully understood. In this study we demonstrate that HIV-1 drugs ritonavir (RTV) and lopinavir (LPV) exhibit the highest inhibition activity against plasmepsin II (PMII) and plasmepsin X (PMX) of P. falciparum. Crystal structures of the complexes of PMII with both drugs have been determined. The inhibitors interact with PMII via multiple hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. The P4 moiety of RTV forms additional interactions compared to LPV and exhibits conformational flexibility in a large S4 pocket of PMII. Our study is also the first to report inhibition of P. falciparum PMX by RTV and the mode of binding of the drug to the PMX active site. Analysis of the crystal structures implies that PMs can accommodate bulkier groups of these inhibitors in their S4 binding pockets. Structurally similar active sites of different vacuolar and non-vacuolar PMs suggest the potential of HIV-1 PIs in targeting these enzymes with differential affinities. Our structural investigations and biochemical data emphasize PMs as crucial targets for repurposing HIV-1 PIs as antimalarial drugs.
{"title":"Inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum plasmepsins by drugs targeting HIV-1 protease: A way forward for antimalarial drug discovery","authors":"Vandana Mishra , Anuradha Deshmukh , Ishan Rathore , Satadru Chakraborty , Swati Patankar , Alla Gustchina , Alexander Wlodawer , Rickey Y. Yada , Prasenjit Bhaumik","doi":"10.1016/j.crstbi.2024.100128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crstbi.2024.100128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Plasmodium</em> species are causative agents of malaria, a disease that is a serious global health concern. FDA-approved HIV-1 protease inhibitors (HIV-1 PIs) have been reported to be effective in reducing the infection by <em>Plasmodium</em> parasites in the population co-infected with both HIV-1 and malaria. However, the mechanism of HIV-1 PIs in mitigating <em>Plasmodium</em> pathogenesis during malaria/HIV-1 co-infection is not fully understood. In this study we demonstrate that HIV-1 drugs ritonavir (RTV) and lopinavir (LPV) exhibit the highest inhibition activity against plasmepsin II (PMII) and plasmepsin X (PMX) of <em>P. falciparum.</em> Crystal structures of the complexes of PMII with both drugs have been determined. The inhibitors interact with PMII <em>via</em> multiple hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. The P4 moiety of RTV forms additional interactions compared to LPV and exhibits conformational flexibility in a large S4 pocket of PMII. Our study is also the first to report inhibition of <em>P. falciparum</em> PMX by RTV and the mode of binding of the drug to the PMX active site. Analysis of the crystal structures implies that PMs can accommodate bulkier groups of these inhibitors in their S4 binding pockets. Structurally similar active sites of different vacuolar and non-vacuolar PMs suggest the potential of HIV-1 PIs in targeting these enzymes with differential affinities. Our structural investigations and biochemical data emphasize PMs as crucial targets for repurposing HIV-1 PIs as antimalarial drugs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10870,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Structural Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665928X24000059/pdfft?md5=38e95df2fe38c0df8f4ac91d7d0249de&pid=1-s2.0-S2665928X24000059-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139505362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liquid-liquid phase separation plays a crucial role in cellular physiology, as it leads to the formation of membrane-less organelles in response to various internal stimuli, contributing to various cellular functions. However, the influence of exogenous stimuli on this process in the context of disease intervention remains unexplored. In this current investigation, we explore the impact of doxorubicin on the abnormal self-assembly of p53 using a combination of biophysical and imaging techniques. Additionally, we shed light on the potential mechanisms behind chemoresistance in cancer cells carrying mutant p53.
Our findings reveal that doxorubicin co-localizes with both wild-type p53 (WTp53) and its mutant variants. Our in vitro experiments indicate that doxorubicin interacts with the N-terminal-deleted form of WTp53 (WTp53ΔNterm), inducing liquid-liquid phase separation, ultimately leading to protein aggregation. Notably, the p53 variants at the R273 position exhibit a propensity for phase separation even in the absence of doxorubicin, highlighting the destabilizing effects of point mutations at this position.
The strong interaction between doxorubicin and p53 variants, along with its localization within the protein condensates, provides a potential explanation for the development of chemotherapy resistance. Collectively, our cellular and in vitro studies emphasize the role of exogenous agents in driving phase separation-mediated p53 aggregation.
{"title":"Doxorubicin catalyses self-assembly of p53 by phase separation","authors":"Ankush Garg , Gaurav Kumar , Varinder Singh , Sharmistha Sinha","doi":"10.1016/j.crstbi.2024.100133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crstbi.2024.100133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Liquid-liquid phase separation plays a crucial role in cellular physiology, as it leads to the formation of membrane-less organelles in response to various internal stimuli, contributing to various cellular functions. However, the influence of exogenous stimuli on this process in the context of disease intervention remains unexplored. In this current investigation, we explore the impact of doxorubicin on the abnormal self-assembly of p53 using a combination of biophysical and imaging techniques. Additionally, we shed light on the potential mechanisms behind chemoresistance in cancer cells carrying mutant p53.</p><p>Our findings reveal that doxorubicin co-localizes with both wild-type p53 (WTp53) and its mutant variants. Our <em>in vitro</em> experiments indicate that doxorubicin interacts with the N-terminal-deleted form of WTp53 (WTp53ΔNterm), inducing liquid-liquid phase separation, ultimately leading to protein aggregation. Notably, the p53 variants at the R273 position exhibit a propensity for phase separation even in the absence of doxorubicin, highlighting the destabilizing effects of point mutations at this position.</p><p>The strong interaction between doxorubicin and p53 variants, along with its localization within the protein condensates, provides a potential explanation for the development of chemotherapy resistance. Collectively, our cellular and <em>in vitro</em> studies emphasize the role of exogenous agents in driving phase separation-mediated p53 aggregation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10870,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Structural Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665928X24000102/pdfft?md5=42fe7a839b8535990a75792d8a30bcc4&pid=1-s2.0-S2665928X24000102-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139936977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.crstbi.2024.100156
Bacteria have evolved elaborate mechanisms to thrive in stressful environments. F-like plasmids in gram-negative bacteria encode for a multi-protein Type IV Secretion System (T4SSF) that is functional for bacterial proliferation and adaptation through the process of conjugation. The periplasmic protein TrbB is believed to have a stabilizing chaperone role in the T4SSF assembly, with TrbB exhibiting disulfide isomerase (DI) activity. In the current report, we demonstrate that the deletion of the disordered N-terminus of TrbBWT, resulting in a truncation construct TrbB37-161, does not affect its catalytic in vitro activity compared to the wild-type protein (p = 0.76). Residues W37–K161, which include the active thioredoxin motif, are sufficient for DI activity. The N-terminus of TrbBWT is disordered as indicated by a structural model of GST-TrbBWT based on ColabFold-AlphaFold2 and Small Angle X-Ray Scattering data and 1H–15N Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy of the untagged protein. This disordered region likely contributes to the protein's dynamicity; removal of this region results in a more stable protein based on 1H–15N HSQC and Circular Dichroism Spectroscopies. Lastly, size exclusion chromatography analysis of TrbBWT in the presence of TraW, a T4SSF assembly protein predicted to interact with TrbBWT, does not support the inference of a stable complex forming in vitro. This work advances our understanding of TrbB's structure and function, explores the role of structural disorder in protein dynamics in the context of a T4SSF accessory protein, and highlights the importance of redox-assisted protein folding in the T4SSF.
细菌进化出复杂的机制,以便在压力环境中茁壮成长。革兰氏阴性细菌中的 F 型质粒编码一种多蛋白 IV 型分泌系统(T4SSF),该系统通过共轭过程实现细菌的增殖和适应。质外蛋白 TrbB 被认为在 T4SSF 组装过程中起着稳定伴侣的作用,TrbB 具有二硫异构酶(DI)活性。在目前的报告中,我们证明了与野生型蛋白相比,删除 TrbBWT 紊乱的 N 端,形成截短构建体 TrbB37-161,不会影响其体外催化活性(p = 0.76)。包括活性硫代毒素基序的 W37-K161 位点足以保证 DI 活性。根据 ColabFold-AlphaFold2 和小角 X 射线散射数据以及未标记蛋白质的 1H-15N 异核单量子相关(HSQC)光谱建立的 GST-TrbBWT 结构模型显示,TrbBWT 的 N 端是无序的。根据 1H-15N HSQC 和环二色性光谱分析,去除该区域会使蛋白质更加稳定。最后,在预测与 TrbBWT 有相互作用的 T4SSF 组装蛋白 TraW 存在的情况下对 TrbBWT 进行的尺寸排阻色谱分析并不支持体外形成稳定复合物的推断。这项研究加深了我们对 TrbB 结构和功能的了解,探索了 T4SSF 辅助蛋白结构紊乱在蛋白质动力学中的作用,并强调了氧化还原辅助蛋白质折叠在 T4SSF 中的重要性。
{"title":"Structural insights into the disulfide isomerase and chaperone activity of TrbB of the F plasmid type IV secretion system","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.crstbi.2024.100156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crstbi.2024.100156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bacteria have evolved elaborate mechanisms to thrive in stressful environments. F-like plasmids in gram-negative bacteria encode for a multi-protein Type IV Secretion System (T4SS<sub>F</sub>) that is functional for bacterial proliferation and adaptation through the process of conjugation. The periplasmic protein TrbB is believed to have a stabilizing chaperone role in the T4SS<sub>F</sub> assembly, with TrbB exhibiting disulfide isomerase (DI) activity. In the current report, we demonstrate that the deletion of the disordered N-terminus of TrbB<sub>WT</sub>, resulting in a truncation construct TrbB<sub>37-161</sub>, does not affect its catalytic <em>in vitro</em> activity compared to the wild-type protein (p = 0.76). Residues W37–K161, which include the active thioredoxin motif, are sufficient for DI activity. The N-terminus of TrbB<sub>WT</sub> is disordered as indicated by a structural model of GST-TrbB<sub>WT</sub> based on ColabFold-AlphaFold2 and Small Angle X-Ray Scattering data and <sup>1</sup>H–<sup>15</sup>N Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy of the untagged protein. This disordered region likely contributes to the protein's dynamicity; removal of this region results in a more stable protein based on <sup>1</sup>H–<sup>15</sup>N HSQC and Circular Dichroism Spectroscopies. Lastly, size exclusion chromatography analysis of TrbB<sub>WT</sub> in the presence of TraW, a T4SS<sub>F</sub> assembly protein predicted to interact with TrbB<sub>WT</sub>, does not support the inference of a stable complex forming <em>in vitro</em>. This work advances our understanding of TrbB's structure and function, explores the role of structural disorder in protein dynamics in the context of a T4SS<sub>F</sub> accessory protein, and highlights the importance of redox-assisted protein folding in the T4SS<sub>F</sub>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10870,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Structural Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665928X24000333/pdfft?md5=dd89ce99d737f5e271b30cb1909da8ae&pid=1-s2.0-S2665928X24000333-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141637070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.crstbi.2023.100120
Mukta Rani , Amit Kumar Sharma , R.S. Chouhan , Souvik Sur , Rani Mansuri , Rajesh K. Singh
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic, necessitating the development of new medicines. In this investigation, we identified potential natural flavonoids and compared their inhibitory activity against spike glycoprotein, which is a target of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. The target site for the interaction of new inhibitors for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 has 82% sequence identity and the remaining 18% dissimilarities in RBD S1-subunit, S2-subunit, and 2.5% others. Molecular docking was employed to analyse the various binding processes used by each ligand in a library of 85 natural flavonoids that act as anti-viral medications and FDA authorised treatments for COVID-19. In the binding pocket of the target active site, remdesivir has less binding interaction than pectolinarin, according to the docking analysis. Pectolinarin is a natural flavonoid isolated from Cirsiumsetidensas that has anti-cancer, vasorelaxant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, and anti-oxidant properties. The S-glycoprotein RBD region (330–583) is inhibited by kaempferol, rhoifolin, and herbacetin, but the S2 subunit (686–1270) is inhibited by pectolinarin, morin, and remdesivir. MD simulation analysis of S-glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 with pectolinarin complex at 100ns based on high dock-score. Finally, ADMET analysis was used to validate the proposed compounds with the highest binding energy.
{"title":"Natural flavonoid pectolinarin computationally targeted as a promising drug candidate against SARS-CoV-2","authors":"Mukta Rani , Amit Kumar Sharma , R.S. Chouhan , Souvik Sur , Rani Mansuri , Rajesh K. Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.crstbi.2023.100120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crstbi.2023.100120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic, necessitating the development of new medicines. In this investigation, we identified potential natural flavonoids and compared their inhibitory activity against spike glycoprotein, which is a target of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. The target site for the interaction of new inhibitors for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 has 82% sequence identity and the remaining 18% dissimilarities in RBD S1-subunit, S2-subunit, and 2.5% others. Molecular docking was employed to analyse the various binding processes used by each ligand in a library of 85 natural flavonoids that act as anti-viral medications and FDA authorised treatments for COVID-19. In the binding pocket of the target active site, remdesivir has less binding interaction than pectolinarin, according to the docking analysis. Pectolinarin is a natural flavonoid isolated from Cirsiumsetidensas that has anti-cancer, vasorelaxant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, and anti-oxidant properties. The S-glycoprotein RBD region (330–583) is inhibited by kaempferol, rhoifolin, and herbacetin, but the S2 subunit (686–1270) is inhibited by pectolinarin, morin, and remdesivir. MD simulation analysis of S-glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 with pectolinarin complex at 100ns based on high dock-score. Finally, ADMET analysis was used to validate the proposed compounds with the highest binding energy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10870,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Structural Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665928X23000260/pdfft?md5=0876e4e16473c3913893c6e531b0f969&pid=1-s2.0-S2665928X23000260-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138839521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.crstbi.2023.100119
Shubham Das, Sankar Maiti
Formins are a group of actin-binding proteins that mediate nascent actin filament polymerization, filament elongation, and barbed end-capping function, thereby regulating different cellular and developmental processes. Developmental processes like vertebrate gastrulation, neural growth cone dynamics, and limb development require formins functioning in a regulated manner. Formin-binding proteins like Rho GTPase regulate the activation of auto-inhibited conformation of diaphanous formins. Unlike other diaphanous formins, Formin1 (FMN1) a non-diaphanous formin is not regulated by Rho GTPase. FMN1 acts as an antagonist of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling pathway during limb development. Several previous reports demonstrated that WW domain-containing proteins can interact with poly-proline-rich amino acid stretches of formins and play a crucial role in developmental processes. In contrast, WW domain-containing Formin-binding Protein 4 (FNBP4) protein plays an essential role in limb development. It has been hypothesized that the interaction between FNBP4 and FMN1 can further attribute to the role in limb development through the BMP signaling pathway. In this study, we have elucidated the binding kinetics of FNBP4 and FMN1 using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Our findings confirm that the FNBP4 exhibits interaction with the poly-proline-rich formin homology 1 (FH1) domain of FMN1. Furthermore, only the first WW1 domains are involved in the interaction between the two domains. Thus, this study sheds light on the binding potentialities of WW domains of FNBP4 that might contribute to the regulation of FMN1 function.
Formins是一组肌动蛋白结合蛋白,介导新生肌动蛋白丝聚合、丝伸长和有刺的端盖功能,从而调节不同的细胞和发育过程。像脊椎动物原肠胚形成、神经生长锥动力学和肢体发育等发育过程都需要形成蛋白以受调节的方式发挥作用。形成蛋白结合蛋白如Rho GTPase调节透明形成蛋白自抑制构象的激活。与其他透明双胍不同,非透明双胍不受Rho GTPase的调控。在肢体发育过程中,FMN1作为骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)信号通路的拮抗剂。先前的一些报道表明,含有WW结构域的蛋白质可以与富含聚脯氨酸的formins氨基酸片段相互作用,并在发育过程中发挥重要作用。而含有WW结构域的formmin -binding Protein 4 (FNBP4)蛋白在肢体发育中起重要作用。据推测,FNBP4和FMN1之间的相互作用可以进一步归因于通过BMP信号通路在肢体发育中的作用。在这项研究中,我们利用表面等离子体共振(SPR)和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)阐明了FNBP4和FMN1的结合动力学。我们的研究结果证实,FNBP4与FMN1的富含聚脯氨酸的双胍同源1 (FH1)结构域相互作用。此外,只有第一个WW1域涉及到两个域之间的交互。因此,本研究揭示了FNBP4的WW结构域的结合潜力,可能有助于调节FMN1的功能。
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KRAS activation is known to be modulated by a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), namely, Son of Sevenless1 (SOS1). SOS1 facilitates the exchange of GDP to GTP thereby leading to activation of KRAS. The binding of GDP/GTP to KRAS at the REM/allosteric site of SOS1 regulates the activation of KRAS at CDC25/catalytic site by facilitating its exchange. Different aspects of the allosteric activation of KRAS through SOS1 are still being explored. To understand the SOS1 mediated activation of KRAS, molecular dynamics simulations for a total of nine SOS1 complexes (KRAS-SOS1-KRAS) were performed. These nine systems comprised different combinations of KRAS-bound nucleotides (GTP/GDP) at REM and CDC25 sites of SOS1. Various conformational and thermodynamic parameters were analyzed for these simulation systems. MMPBSA free energy analysis revealed that binding at CDC25 site of SOS1 was significantly low for GDP-bound KRAS as compared to that of GTP-bound KRAS. It was observed that presence of either GDP/GTP bound KRAS at the REM site of SOS1 affected the activation related changes in the KRAS present at CDC25 site. The conformational changes at the catalytic site of SOS1 resulting from GDP/GTP-bound KRAS at the allosteric changes may hint at KRAS activation through different pathways (slow/fast/rare). The allosteric effect on activation of KRAS at CDC25 site may be due to conformations adopted by switch-I, switch-II, beta2 regions of KRAS at REM site. The effect of structural rearrangements occurring at allosteric KRAS may have led to increased interactions between SOS1 and KRAS at both the sites. The SOS1 residues involved in these important interactions with KRAS at the REM site were R694, S732 and K735. Whereas the ones interacting with KRAS at CDC25 site were S807, W809 and K814. This may suggest the crucial role of these residues in guiding the allosteric activation of KRAS at CDC25 site. The conformational shifts observed in the switch-I, switch-II and alpha3 regions of KRAS at CDC25 site may be attributed to be a part of allosteric activation. The binding affinities, interacting residues and conformational dynamics may provide an insight into development of inhibitors targeting the SOS1 mediated KRAS activation.
{"title":"Studying early structural changes in SOS1 mediated KRAS activation mechanism","authors":"Kirti Bhadhadhara, Vinod Jani, Shruti Koulgi, Uddhavesh Sonavane, Rajendra Joshi","doi":"10.1016/j.crstbi.2023.100115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crstbi.2023.100115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>KRAS activation is known to be modulated by a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), namely, Son of Sevenless1 (SOS1). SOS1 facilitates the exchange of GDP to GTP thereby leading to activation of KRAS. The binding of GDP/GTP to KRAS at the REM/allosteric site of SOS1 regulates the activation of KRAS at CDC25/catalytic site by facilitating its exchange. Different aspects of the allosteric activation of KRAS through SOS1 are still being explored. To understand the SOS1 mediated activation of KRAS, molecular dynamics simulations for a total of nine SOS1 complexes (KRAS-SOS1-KRAS) were performed. These nine systems comprised different combinations of KRAS-bound nucleotides (GTP/GDP) at REM and CDC25 sites of SOS1. Various conformational and thermodynamic parameters were analyzed for these simulation systems. MMPBSA free energy analysis revealed that binding at CDC25 site of SOS1 was significantly low for GDP-bound KRAS as compared to that of GTP-bound KRAS. It was observed that presence of either GDP/GTP bound KRAS at the REM site of SOS1 affected the activation related changes in the KRAS present at CDC25 site. The conformational changes at the catalytic site of SOS1 resulting from GDP/GTP-bound KRAS at the allosteric changes may hint at KRAS activation through different pathways (slow/fast/rare). The allosteric effect on activation of KRAS at CDC25 site may be due to conformations adopted by switch-I, switch-II, beta2 regions of KRAS at REM site. The effect of structural rearrangements occurring at allosteric KRAS may have led to increased interactions between SOS1 and KRAS at both the sites. The SOS1 residues involved in these important interactions with KRAS at the REM site were R694, S732 and K735. Whereas the ones interacting with KRAS at CDC25 site were S807, W809 and K814. This may suggest the crucial role of these residues in guiding the allosteric activation of KRAS at CDC25 site. The conformational shifts observed in the switch-I, switch-II and alpha3 regions of KRAS at CDC25 site may be attributed to be a part of allosteric activation. The binding affinities, interacting residues and conformational dynamics may provide an insight into development of inhibitors targeting the SOS1 mediated KRAS activation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10870,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Structural Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665928X23000211/pdfft?md5=ba23f86d71877bd6e14dd387ed507c59&pid=1-s2.0-S2665928X23000211-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138624605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.crstbi.2023.100108
Santhosh Sankar , Preeti Preeti , Kavya Ravikumar , Amrendra Kumar , Yedu Prasad , Sukriti Pal , Desirazu N. Rao , Handanahal S. Savithri , Nagasuma Chandra
{"title":"Structural similarities between SAM and ATP recognition motifs and detection of ATP binding in a SAM binding DNA methyltransferase","authors":"Santhosh Sankar , Preeti Preeti , Kavya Ravikumar , Amrendra Kumar , Yedu Prasad , Sukriti Pal , Desirazu N. Rao , Handanahal S. Savithri , Nagasuma Chandra","doi":"10.1016/j.crstbi.2023.100108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crstbi.2023.100108","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10870,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Structural Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665928X23000144/pdfft?md5=58c2a7698f99ec6ba39e7a85575af79a&pid=1-s2.0-S2665928X23000144-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138436767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}