Pub Date : 2021-05-03DOI: 10.15406/HIJ.2021.05.00212
Yuting Shen, I. Kahramanoğlu, Chuying Chen, Jinyin Chen, V. Okatan, Chunpeng Wan
Transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture is the main cause of civilization. Humans have some basic needs including light, air, water, shelter and as well as food to survive. Horticultural products provide energy, proteins, vitamins and essential minerals for human. The postharvest losses of horticultural products are very high and the rates of losses significantly depend on the type of products and postharvest handling practices. Since the acceptability of the synthetic agrochemicals had been decreasing due to their scientifically confirmed negative impacts on human and environment health, it is required to find some safer alternatives. Essential oils are among the most tested and well known biomaterials providing beneficial effects on the storability of horticultural products. Herein, we aimed to highlight the importance and mechanism of cinnamaldehyde, the major organic compound of cinnamon essential oil ( Cinnamomun zeylanicum L.) on the prevention for the postharvest storage of fresh horticultural produce.
{"title":"Application of cinnamaldehyde for the postharvest storage of fresh horticultural products","authors":"Yuting Shen, I. Kahramanoğlu, Chuying Chen, Jinyin Chen, V. Okatan, Chunpeng Wan","doi":"10.15406/HIJ.2021.05.00212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/HIJ.2021.05.00212","url":null,"abstract":"Transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture is the main cause of civilization. Humans have some basic needs including light, air, water, shelter and as well as food to survive. Horticultural products provide energy, proteins, vitamins and essential minerals for human. The postharvest losses of horticultural products are very high and the rates of losses significantly depend on the type of products and postharvest handling practices. Since the acceptability of the synthetic agrochemicals had been decreasing due to their scientifically confirmed negative impacts on human and environment health, it is required to find some safer alternatives. Essential oils are among the most tested and well known biomaterials providing beneficial effects on the storability of horticultural products. Herein, we aimed to highlight the importance and mechanism of cinnamaldehyde, the major organic compound of cinnamon essential oil ( Cinnamomun zeylanicum L.) on the prevention for the postharvest storage of fresh horticultural produce.","PeriodicalId":108819,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture International Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123616183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-15DOI: 10.15406/hij.2021.05.00209
M. Abu
Laboratory studies were conducted to ascertain the shelf life of fresh lettuce (var. Eden), carrot (var. Bahia), and sweet pepper (var. Yellow wonder) as influenced either by a single-based fertilizer or a compound fertilizer for optimal fertilization towards enhanced shelf life quality. This was accomplished following Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications.Samples of lettuce were harvested from a 71 kg, 100 kg, and 128 kg of ammonium sulphate (20.5 % N, 23.4 % S)/ha single-based treated plots, 350 kg of NPK (15-15-15)/ha compound treated plot, and control/no fertilizer application; samples of sweet pepper were harvested from an 81 kg, 100 kg, and 138 kg of 6-24-12 NPK/ha single-based treated plots, 225 kg of NPK (15-15-15)/ha compound treated plot, and control; and samples of carrot were harvested from a 43 kg, 71 kg, and 100 kg of 10-10-30 NPK/ ha single-based treated plots, 225 kg of NPK (15-15-15)/ha compound treated plot, and control.The different rates of the single-based fertilizers and the corresponding controls resulted in long shelf life as opposed to the short shelf life obtained by the application of compound fertilizers. In all cases it was one more week.
{"title":"Effect of compound and single-based fertilizerson shelf life of exotic/minor vegetable crops cultivated for the fresh market","authors":"M. Abu","doi":"10.15406/hij.2021.05.00209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/hij.2021.05.00209","url":null,"abstract":"Laboratory studies were conducted to ascertain the shelf life of fresh lettuce (var. Eden), carrot (var. Bahia), and sweet pepper (var. Yellow wonder) as influenced either by a single-based fertilizer or a compound fertilizer for optimal fertilization towards enhanced shelf life quality. This was accomplished following Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications.Samples of lettuce were harvested from a 71 kg, 100 kg, and 128 kg of ammonium sulphate (20.5 % N, 23.4 % S)/ha single-based treated plots, 350 kg of NPK (15-15-15)/ha compound treated plot, and control/no fertilizer application; samples of sweet pepper were harvested from an 81 kg, 100 kg, and 138 kg of 6-24-12 NPK/ha single-based treated plots, 225 kg of NPK (15-15-15)/ha compound treated plot, and control; and samples of carrot were harvested from a 43 kg, 71 kg, and 100 kg of 10-10-30 NPK/ ha single-based treated plots, 225 kg of NPK (15-15-15)/ha compound treated plot, and control.The different rates of the single-based fertilizers and the corresponding controls resulted in long shelf life as opposed to the short shelf life obtained by the application of compound fertilizers. In all cases it was one more week.","PeriodicalId":108819,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture International Journal","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125241938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-31DOI: 10.15406/HIJ.2021.05.00207
Lourdes Yáñez López, Miguel A Armella V, Ladislao Arias M, Ramón Soriano R, Jorge Soriano S
Jiotilla is a small, purple fruit that grows in the semiarid regions in south east of Mexico. Locals have been eating this fruit for generations and it now has a formal classification and is part of the local economy.1,2 However, jiotilla remains largely unknown outside of its natural habitat. Most people are more familiar with a relative of jiotilla, the prickly pear, which has received substantially more international attention. The purpose of this article is to educate the international horticultural community of the many attributes of this fruit for commercial exploitation to bring the attention to this plant. Although jiotilla is in the early stages of cultivation.3–7 most local farmers continue to allow livestock to graze within the fields.8 Same authors reach the conclusion that this plant has been “domesticated” because slight differences in DNA composition could be detected between wild populations located at long distance of human settlements and populations close to them. Casas et al.4 suggest that larger and fleshier fruits from wild populations are taken more frequently by the people, they eat the fruit and spit seeds close to towns, which over generations made populations show genetic and physical differences.
Jiotilla是一种紫色的小水果，生长在墨西哥东南部的半干旱地区。当地人几代人都吃这种水果，现在它有了正式的分类，是当地经济的一部分。然而，在其自然栖息地之外，jiotilla在很大程度上仍不为人所知。大多数人更熟悉的是仙人掌的亲戚，它在国际上受到了更多的关注。本文的目的是向国际园艺界宣传这种水果的许多特性，以便进行商业开发，引起人们对这种植物的重视。虽然辣椒还处于栽培的早期阶段。大多数当地农民继续允许牲畜在田地里吃草同样的作者得出结论，这种植物已经被“驯化”了，因为在距离人类居住地较远的野生种群和距离人类居住地较近的种群之间，可以检测到DNA组成的细微差异。Casas et al.4认为，人们更频繁地从野生种群中获取更大、更肉质的果实，他们吃果实，并在城镇附近吐种子，这使得几代人的种群表现出遗传和生理上的差异。
{"title":"The horticultural potential of jiotilla (Escontria chiotilla [weber] rose) from the Mixteca region of Mexico","authors":"Lourdes Yáñez López, Miguel A Armella V, Ladislao Arias M, Ramón Soriano R, Jorge Soriano S","doi":"10.15406/HIJ.2021.05.00207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/HIJ.2021.05.00207","url":null,"abstract":"Jiotilla is a small, purple fruit that grows in the semiarid regions in south east of Mexico. Locals have been eating this fruit for generations and it now has a formal classification and is part of the local economy.1,2 However, jiotilla remains largely unknown outside of its natural habitat. Most people are more familiar with a relative of jiotilla, the prickly pear, which has received substantially more international attention. The purpose of this article is to educate the international horticultural community of the many attributes of this fruit for commercial exploitation to bring the attention to this plant. Although jiotilla is in the early stages of cultivation.3–7 most local farmers continue to allow livestock to graze within the fields.8 Same authors reach the conclusion that this plant has been “domesticated” because slight differences in DNA composition could be detected between wild populations located at long distance of human settlements and populations close to them. Casas et al.4 suggest that larger and fleshier fruits from wild populations are taken more frequently by the people, they eat the fruit and spit seeds close to towns, which over generations made populations show genetic and physical differences.","PeriodicalId":108819,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture International Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128831613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-22DOI: 10.15406/HIJ.2021.05.00206
Felipe M. Pinheiro, V. Nair
Tropical soils usually lack phosphorus (P) availability due to the high P retention associated with these soils, limiting plant productivity. Brazil is the largest tropical country and worldwide exporter of beef, where overgrazing and frequent slash and burn practices resulted in large areas of degraded pastures. Land degradation and lack of releasable P could potentially be solved using a byproduct of livestock activities– bones– with high P content. The present work evaluates an industrial bonechar (obtained by the pyrolysis of bones) for its potential as a soil amendment. The bonechar’s structure and chemical composition were evaluated by using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and chemical analyses. The results showed that: i) bonechar is composed mainly of the mineral hydroxyapatite, known to bond with organic molecules of different sizes, which could increase the soil organic carbon stock, and ii) the plant available P in the bonechar is high, 2,800 mg kg -1 . Although more studies are needed on bonechar, mainly on its field application, the present work reinforces the production and agricultural use of it as a relevant soil amendment to recover degraded soils in tropical regions.
热带土壤通常缺乏磷(P)有效性，由于与这些土壤相关的高磷保留，限制了植物的生产力。巴西是最大的热带国家和全球牛肉出口国，过度放牧和频繁的刀耕火种导致了大面积牧场退化。土地退化和缺乏可释放磷的问题可以通过利用牲畜活动的副产品——骨骼——高磷含量来解决。目前的工作评估了工业骨炭(通过骨骼热解获得)作为土壤改良剂的潜力。利用x射线衍射、扫描电镜和化学分析对骨炭的结构和化学成分进行了鉴定。结果表明:1)骨炭主要由矿物羟基磷灰石组成，与不同大小的有机分子结合，可增加土壤有机碳储量;2)骨炭中植物速效磷含量较高，达2800 mg kg -1。虽然还需要对骨炭进行更多的研究，主要是在其田间应用方面，但目前的工作加强了它的生产和农业利用，作为一种相关的土壤改良剂来恢复热带地区退化的土壤。
{"title":"Characterization of bonechar as a soil amendment in tropical soils","authors":"Felipe M. Pinheiro, V. Nair","doi":"10.15406/HIJ.2021.05.00206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/HIJ.2021.05.00206","url":null,"abstract":"Tropical soils usually lack phosphorus (P) availability due to the high P retention associated with these soils, limiting plant productivity. Brazil is the largest tropical country and worldwide exporter of beef, where overgrazing and frequent slash and burn practices resulted in large areas of degraded pastures. Land degradation and lack of releasable P could potentially be solved using a byproduct of livestock activities– bones– with high P content. The present work evaluates an industrial bonechar (obtained by the pyrolysis of bones) for its potential as a soil amendment. The bonechar’s structure and chemical composition were evaluated by using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and chemical analyses. The results showed that: i) bonechar is composed mainly of the mineral hydroxyapatite, known to bond with organic molecules of different sizes, which could increase the soil organic carbon stock, and ii) the plant available P in the bonechar is high, 2,800 mg kg -1 . Although more studies are needed on bonechar, mainly on its field application, the present work reinforces the production and agricultural use of it as a relevant soil amendment to recover degraded soils in tropical regions.","PeriodicalId":108819,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture International Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130490973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-12DOI: 10.15406/hij.2021.05.00204
Cervando Gutierrez Foronda, Marybel Lozano, L. S. Ortiz
An extract rich in saponins obtained from quinoa residues showed in vitro anti-fungal activity against the coffee phytopathogen Cercospora coffeicola, with an antifungal index of inhibition (AI) of 22.39 ± 4.5% at 120 mg/mL, and against the cocoa phytopathogen Moniliophthora roreri, with an AI of 55.8 ± 1.6% at 60 mg/mL. The results showed a potential of this saponin-extract for the biological control of these phytopathogens.
{"title":"Quinoa saponins, biological controller against Cercospora coffeicola and Moniliophthora roreri","authors":"Cervando Gutierrez Foronda, Marybel Lozano, L. S. Ortiz","doi":"10.15406/hij.2021.05.00204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/hij.2021.05.00204","url":null,"abstract":"An extract rich in saponins obtained from quinoa residues showed in vitro anti-fungal activity against the coffee phytopathogen Cercospora coffeicola, with an antifungal index of inhibition (AI) of 22.39 ± 4.5% at 120 mg/mL, and against the cocoa phytopathogen Moniliophthora roreri, with an AI of 55.8 ± 1.6% at 60 mg/mL. The results showed a potential of this saponin-extract for the biological control of these phytopathogens.","PeriodicalId":108819,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture International Journal","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130589012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-04DOI: 10.15406/HIJ.2021.05.00203
Nadia Mc Donald, M. Emanuel, D. Robinson
Changes in climate are likely to result in more frequent and intense pest outbreaks. The pervasive use of broad spectrum synthetic insecticides within agricultural production systems in Jamaica is likely to lead to the increased use of synthetic pesticides, which are known to have adverse environmental effects and increase the risk of unacceptable levels of residue entering the food chain. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of selected biopesticides against insect pests affecting callaloo and pak choy production in the parishes of Clarendon, St Elizabeth and Kingston. Monitoring began a week after plots were established to assess pest damage and treatments done when damage reached a pre-determined economic threshold. Yield was assessed at the end of the crop cycle. The percentage damaged leaves varied significantly (P=0.012) by type and location of crop ranging from 35.49 ±2.53 % in Kingston to 69.89±2.71 % in St. Catherine. However, there was no significant difference in the harvested yield (315.2±11.8–475.7±33.0 grams/plant). There was also no significant difference in the marketable yield from plots treated with biorationals (211.2±31.3g – 288.1±16.1 grams/plant) when compared to plots treated with synthetic pesticides (188.5±13.3g–216.6±26.5 grams/plant).
气候变化可能导致更频繁和更严重的虫害暴发。牙买加农业生产系统中广泛使用广谱合成杀虫剂可能导致合成杀虫剂的使用增加，众所周知，合成杀虫剂对环境有不利影响，并增加了进入食物链的不可接受的残留物水平的风险。本研究的目的是评估选定的生物农药对影响克拉伦登、圣伊丽莎白和金斯顿教区马卢和小白菜生产的害虫的效果。在建立样地一周后开始监测，以评估有害生物的损害以及在损害达到预先确定的经济阈值时所采取的处理措施。在作物周期结束时评估产量。不同作物类型和产地的叶片受损率差异显著(P=0.012)，从金斯敦的35.49±2.53%到圣凯瑟琳的69.89±2.71%。收获产量(315.2±11.8 ~ 475.7±33.0 g /株)差异不显著。与使用合成农药(188.5±13.3g-216.6±26.5 g /株)的地块相比，施用生物农药的地块(211.2±31.3g - 288.1±16.1 g /株)的可销售产量也无显著差异。
{"title":"The efficacy of alternative (biorational) insecticides in suppressing damage caused by insect pests affecting callaloo, Amaranth xanthosoma andpak choy, Brassica rapa, production in Jamaica","authors":"Nadia Mc Donald, M. Emanuel, D. Robinson","doi":"10.15406/HIJ.2021.05.00203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/HIJ.2021.05.00203","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in climate are likely to result in more frequent and intense pest outbreaks. The pervasive use of broad spectrum synthetic insecticides within agricultural production systems in Jamaica is likely to lead to the increased use of synthetic pesticides, which are known to have adverse environmental effects and increase the risk of unacceptable levels of residue entering the food chain. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of selected biopesticides against insect pests affecting callaloo and pak choy production in the parishes of Clarendon, St Elizabeth and Kingston. Monitoring began a week after plots were established to assess pest damage and treatments done when damage reached a pre-determined economic threshold. Yield was assessed at the end of the crop cycle. The percentage damaged leaves varied significantly (P=0.012) by type and location of crop ranging from 35.49 ±2.53 % in Kingston to 69.89±2.71 % in St. Catherine. However, there was no significant difference in the harvested yield (315.2±11.8–475.7±33.0 grams/plant). There was also no significant difference in the marketable yield from plots treated with biorationals (211.2±31.3g – 288.1±16.1 grams/plant) when compared to plots treated with synthetic pesticides (188.5±13.3g–216.6±26.5 grams/plant).","PeriodicalId":108819,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture International Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134495845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.15406/HIJ.2021.05.00202
J. E. Ramírez-Benítez, N. Rodríguez-Ávila, G. Lizama-Uc, Ángel Virgilio Domínguez May, Héctor Octavio Guerrero Turriza, Jorge Román Herrera-Flores, Abigail Malerva Díaz
Anthracnose produced by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a post-harvest mango disease causing big economic losses worldwide. Plant pathogens have increased their resistance to chemical fungicides. The use of natural formulations for disease control represents a healthier alternative. Therefore, testing new natural antimicrobial agents is necessary. Several natural agents for phytopathogen control have been described. Their effectiveness depends on various factors such as their composition, concentration and the environment. We evaluated the antifungal activity of organic crude extracts of Citrus x paradisi (grapefruit), Citrus reticulata (tangerine) and Citrus aurantium (sour orange) and a treatment with chitosan in mango fruits cv. Tommy Atkins against C. gloeosporioides. The extracts obtained with hexane from dried sour orange peels had a considerable fungicidal effect on the radial growth of the fungus. Also, the parameters evaluated in mango fruits demonstrate that the chitosan treatment delays the development of symptoms of anthracnose. μL of the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, and vigorously mixed for 10 min. of 20% sodium carbonate was added, mixed and incubated for 2 hours at 25 °C. The absorbance at a wavelength λ = 765 nm was measured. The results were reported in g of phenols/kg expressed as fresh weight using a calibration curve generated using pyrocatechol.
{"title":"Evaluation of the potentialcontrol ofnatural compounds against anthracnose in mango (Mangifera indica L. cv. tommy atkins)","authors":"J. E. Ramírez-Benítez, N. Rodríguez-Ávila, G. Lizama-Uc, Ángel Virgilio Domínguez May, Héctor Octavio Guerrero Turriza, Jorge Román Herrera-Flores, Abigail Malerva Díaz","doi":"10.15406/HIJ.2021.05.00202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/HIJ.2021.05.00202","url":null,"abstract":"Anthracnose produced by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a post-harvest mango disease causing big economic losses worldwide. Plant pathogens have increased their resistance to chemical fungicides. The use of natural formulations for disease control represents a healthier alternative. Therefore, testing new natural antimicrobial agents is necessary. Several natural agents for phytopathogen control have been described. Their effectiveness depends on various factors such as their composition, concentration and the environment. We evaluated the antifungal activity of organic crude extracts of Citrus x paradisi (grapefruit), Citrus reticulata (tangerine) and Citrus aurantium (sour orange) and a treatment with chitosan in mango fruits cv. Tommy Atkins against C. gloeosporioides. The extracts obtained with hexane from dried sour orange peels had a considerable fungicidal effect on the radial growth of the fungus. Also, the parameters evaluated in mango fruits demonstrate that the chitosan treatment delays the development of symptoms of anthracnose. μL of the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, and vigorously mixed for 10 min. of 20% sodium carbonate was added, mixed and incubated for 2 hours at 25 °C. The absorbance at a wavelength λ = 765 nm was measured. The results were reported in g of phenols/kg expressed as fresh weight using a calibration curve generated using pyrocatechol.","PeriodicalId":108819,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture International Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128274264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-18DOI: 10.15406/HIJ.2021.05.00201
D. Álvarez, M. S. Hernández, V. A. G. Hernández, E. Engleman, Agustín Damián Nava
Introduction: The leaves have been extensively investigated in the biology activity in human and animal health, where important metabolites such as phenols have been associated, of which the following stand out: flavonoids, tannins among other compounds, however this document aims to locate the anatomical location and analyze the content of major flavonoids in the mature and immature guava leaf. The study was complemented with the analysis of the ethyl ether and butanol extracts; The two types of leaves with their respective extracts were analyzed by thin layer chromatography, which allowed them to be detected and their concentration estimated by liquid chromatography. The study indicated that the mature leaf shows a large amount of flavonoids located in the adaxial and abaxial epidermis, as well as in glands, while in the immature leaf in the adaxial epidermis and in the abaxial epidermis it only presented a minimal proportion of them. Conclusion: Total flavonoid concentrations range from 2610 mg *kg-1 in the mature leaf to 2016 mg* kg-1 for the immature leaf, quercetin being the one that was found and observed in the highest proportion in both leaves.
{"title":"Flavonoids in psidium guajava L. leaves","authors":"D. Álvarez, M. S. Hernández, V. A. G. Hernández, E. Engleman, Agustín Damián Nava","doi":"10.15406/HIJ.2021.05.00201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/HIJ.2021.05.00201","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The leaves have been extensively investigated in the biology activity in human and animal health, where important metabolites such as phenols have been associated, of which the following stand out: flavonoids, tannins among other compounds, however this document aims to locate the anatomical location and analyze the content of major flavonoids in the mature and immature guava leaf. The study was complemented with the analysis of the ethyl ether and butanol extracts; The two types of leaves with their respective extracts were analyzed by thin layer chromatography, which allowed them to be detected and their concentration estimated by liquid chromatography. The study indicated that the mature leaf shows a large amount of flavonoids located in the adaxial and abaxial epidermis, as well as in glands, while in the immature leaf in the adaxial epidermis and in the abaxial epidermis it only presented a minimal proportion of them. Conclusion: Total flavonoid concentrations range from 2610 mg *kg-1 in the mature leaf to 2016 mg* kg-1 for the immature leaf, quercetin being the one that was found and observed in the highest proportion in both leaves.","PeriodicalId":108819,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130431587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-02DOI: 10.15406/HIJ.2021.05.00199
Citlalli Harris-Valle, M. Morales, E. Guzmán, Martín Palafox Rodríguez
In this work are described endophytic fungi associated with orchids, since they can have the function of facilitating the nutrients assimilation or act as biological barriers against infections in plants, although some fungi are of the parasitic type. The fungal species associated with different native orchid species of the Sierra Nororiental Poblana in Mexico were isolated and identified to know the diversity of them,and infer about the importance of the plant-fungus interactions. Fungi could only be identified up to genus, one isolated species is symbiont, the most isolates are pathogens and secondly the number of antagonist isolates. The purpose is to be able to obtain one or more fungal isolates that facilitate the propagation of these important ornamental species.
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Pub Date : 2021-01-22DOI: 10.15406/HIJ.2021.05.00198
Celerino Quezada Landeros
The increasing of water use effciency is very important to sabe irrigation water in agriculture in anscenery of risks by droughts and climate change. The aim of this mini-review is highlight irrigation technologies and the some strategies of the irrigation wáter management. The manuscript analyze the effect of irrigation technologies, wáter policy, irrigation scheduling, system maintenance and technology transfer to obtain more biomass per unit of wáter applied
{"title":"Strategies to improve water use efficiency in the crop production","authors":"Celerino Quezada Landeros","doi":"10.15406/HIJ.2021.05.00198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/HIJ.2021.05.00198","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing of water use effciency is very important to sabe irrigation water in agriculture in anscenery of risks by droughts and climate change. The aim of this mini-review is highlight irrigation technologies and the some strategies of the irrigation wáter management. The manuscript analyze the effect of irrigation technologies, wáter policy, irrigation scheduling, system maintenance and technology transfer to obtain more biomass per unit of wáter applied","PeriodicalId":108819,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture International Journal","volume":"400 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123377694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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