Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.15406/HIJ.2020.04.00188
I. Kahramanoğlu, Chuying Chen, K. Rengasamy, Chunpeng Wan
Food quality preservation is as important as with food production. It is highly necessary for ensuring food security and sustainability on the earth. However, at the same time, food preservation methods, i.e. agrochemicals, may cause some food safety issues under misuse and/or excessive use conditions. Therefore, safety methods should be studied by the scientific world and to be commercialized by the industries for ensuring food safety and security. Herein, biomaterials are the most promising and safety alternatives to the agrochemicals. In this perspective paper, we aimed to highlight the importance of the subject and to summary the critical points (importance, advantages, disadvantages, mode of action and successful application) of the biomaterials for lighting the way for new researchers to commercialize such techniques. We believe that the biomaterials constitute an important part within the safety future of fruit preservation.
{"title":"The safety future of fruit preservation with biomaterials","authors":"I. Kahramanoğlu, Chuying Chen, K. Rengasamy, Chunpeng Wan","doi":"10.15406/HIJ.2020.04.00188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/HIJ.2020.04.00188","url":null,"abstract":"Food quality preservation is as important as with food production. It is highly necessary for ensuring food security and sustainability on the earth. However, at the same time, food preservation methods, i.e. agrochemicals, may cause some food safety issues under misuse and/or excessive use conditions. Therefore, safety methods should be studied by the scientific world and to be commercialized by the industries for ensuring food safety and security. Herein, biomaterials are the most promising and safety alternatives to the agrochemicals. In this perspective paper, we aimed to highlight the importance of the subject and to summary the critical points (importance, advantages, disadvantages, mode of action and successful application) of the biomaterials for lighting the way for new researchers to commercialize such techniques. We believe that the biomaterials constitute an important part within the safety future of fruit preservation.","PeriodicalId":108819,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture International Journal","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127043560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-16DOI: 10.15406/HIJ.2020.04.00185
M. Abu, N. S. Olympio, J. O. Darko
Haden, Kent, Palmer, and Keitt mango varieties were studied to determine the time and harvest maturity indices appropriate for the export and local markets. Randomized complete block design was used with four replications. Five trees each of the four varieties were sampled at random in each of the four replications. Date of fruit-set was noted and sampled trees tagged accordingly.Haden, Kent, Palmer, and Keitt mango varieties were harvested at 112, 126, 133, and 140 days and at 126, 140, 147, and 154 days after fruit-set, for sea and air freights respectively; at 126, 140, 147, and 154 days and at 119, 133, 140, and 147 days after fruit-set, for local markets closer and farther away respectively. Fruit pulp colour, fruit indentation, pedicel colour, fruit peel, grooves at the stylar scar end of fruit, and starch concentration were determined in conjunction with fruit age at physiological maturity. the seasonal pooled for
{"title":"Appropriate harvest maturity for mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit using age control and fruit growth and development attributes","authors":"M. Abu, N. S. Olympio, J. O. Darko","doi":"10.15406/HIJ.2020.04.00185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/HIJ.2020.04.00185","url":null,"abstract":"Haden, Kent, Palmer, and Keitt mango varieties were studied to determine the time and harvest maturity indices appropriate for the export and local markets. Randomized complete block design was used with four replications. Five trees each of the four varieties were sampled at random in each of the four replications. Date of fruit-set was noted and sampled trees tagged accordingly.Haden, Kent, Palmer, and Keitt mango varieties were harvested at 112, 126, 133, and 140 days and at 126, 140, 147, and 154 days after fruit-set, for sea and air freights respectively; at 126, 140, 147, and 154 days and at 119, 133, 140, and 147 days after fruit-set, for local markets closer and farther away respectively. Fruit pulp colour, fruit indentation, pedicel colour, fruit peel, grooves at the stylar scar end of fruit, and starch concentration were determined in conjunction with fruit age at physiological maturity. the seasonal pooled for","PeriodicalId":108819,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture International Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133589955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-13DOI: 10.15406/HIJ.2020.04.00183
I. Z. Hernández, J. F. Z. Natera, P. M. G. López, E. R. Fuentes, M. Tapia
The incorporation of legumes as green manures modifies some physical and chemical properties of soil, but its effects on some biological properties have not been evaluated. The current study aimed to evaluate the potential microbial activity of soil freshly amended with green manures of wild Lupinus species using the hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate (FDA) method. Two wild lupine species ( Lupinus exaltatus , L. rotundiflorus ) with green manure potential were added at the rate of 44 t ha -1 to two different agricultural soils from Jalisco, Mexico, and incubated for 14 days under laboratory conditions. A treatment with maize (control + ) as green manure and a treatment without addition of green manure (control – ) were also included in the experiment. The enzymatic activity in terms of the hydrolysis of FDA was quantified at 1, 3, 7, 10, and 14 days. The FDA hydrolysis values fluctuated from 0.51 to 0.82 mg fluorescein kg -1 h -1 in the treatments with green manure and from 0.10 to 0.13 mg fluorescein kg -1 h -1 in the soil without green manure. L. rotundiflorus and maize yielded higher values of FDA hydrolysis compared with L. exaltatus . The addition of the organic amendments increased microbial activity measured as FDA hydrolysis.
豆科植物作为绿色肥料的掺入改变了土壤的一些物理和化学特性，但其对一些生物特性的影响尚未得到评价。本研究采用双醋酸荧光素(FDA)水解法，对野生狼属植物绿粪改良后的土壤微生物活性进行评价。将两种具有绿肥潜力的野生羽扇豆(Lupinus exaltatus, L. rotundiflorus)以44 t / 1的速率添加到墨西哥哈利斯科州两种不同的农业土壤中，在实验室条件下培养14 d。试验还包括以玉米为绿肥的处理(对照+)和不添加绿肥的处理(对照-)。在第1、3、7、10和14天对FDA的水解酶活性进行量化。在绿肥处理下，FDA水解值在0.51 ~ 0.82 mg荧光素kg -1 h -1之间波动，在没有绿肥处理下，FDA水解值在0.10 ~ 0.13 mg荧光素kg -1 h -1之间波动。圆花乳酸菌和玉米的FDA水解值高于高花乳酸菌。添加有机改进剂增加了微生物活性，测定为FDA水解。
{"title":"Biological activity in soils treated with green manures of Lupinus spp. (Leguminosae) using the hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate method (FDA) in Jalisco, Mexico","authors":"I. Z. Hernández, J. F. Z. Natera, P. M. G. López, E. R. Fuentes, M. Tapia","doi":"10.15406/HIJ.2020.04.00183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/HIJ.2020.04.00183","url":null,"abstract":"The incorporation of legumes as green manures modifies some physical and chemical properties of soil, but its effects on some biological properties have not been evaluated. The current study aimed to evaluate the potential microbial activity of soil freshly amended with green manures of wild Lupinus species using the hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate (FDA) method. Two wild lupine species ( Lupinus exaltatus , L. rotundiflorus ) with green manure potential were added at the rate of 44 t ha -1 to two different agricultural soils from Jalisco, Mexico, and incubated for 14 days under laboratory conditions. A treatment with maize (control + ) as green manure and a treatment without addition of green manure (control – ) were also included in the experiment. The enzymatic activity in terms of the hydrolysis of FDA was quantified at 1, 3, 7, 10, and 14 days. The FDA hydrolysis values fluctuated from 0.51 to 0.82 mg fluorescein kg -1 h -1 in the treatments with green manure and from 0.10 to 0.13 mg fluorescein kg -1 h -1 in the soil without green manure. L. rotundiflorus and maize yielded higher values of FDA hydrolysis compared with L. exaltatus . The addition of the organic amendments increased microbial activity measured as FDA hydrolysis.","PeriodicalId":108819,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture International Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126585063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-12DOI: 10.15406/HIJ.2020.04.00182
Jonathan dos S Viana, Cesar Augusto Roque Borda, L. F. Palaretti
The use of organic fertilizers formulated and enhanced with microorganisms such as Bokashi fertilizer, which has the ability to modify the soil by balancing its nutritional and functional properties, however, over-application can generate irregularities and alteration of production.This organic fertilizer is presented as an excellent option for the organic production of lettuce ( Lactuca sativa ) since they provide a gradual release of nutrients and reduce the loss of their bioactive compounds. In addition, the use of conventional fertilizers can easily cause acidification and salinization of the soil, which in the long-run damages production, therefore, the use of chemical-free organic fertilizers results in better metabolic and physiological development, as well as high-quality crops, which allows their use to be highly viable in the production of postharvest lettuces.
{"title":"Application of bokashi organic fertilizer in production oflettuce (Lactuca sativa)","authors":"Jonathan dos S Viana, Cesar Augusto Roque Borda, L. F. Palaretti","doi":"10.15406/HIJ.2020.04.00182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/HIJ.2020.04.00182","url":null,"abstract":"The use of organic fertilizers formulated and enhanced with microorganisms such as Bokashi fertilizer, which has the ability to modify the soil by balancing its nutritional and functional properties, however, over-application can generate irregularities and alteration of production.This organic fertilizer is presented as an excellent option for the organic production of lettuce ( Lactuca sativa ) since they provide a gradual release of nutrients and reduce the loss of their bioactive compounds. In addition, the use of conventional fertilizers can easily cause acidification and salinization of the soil, which in the long-run damages production, therefore, the use of chemical-free organic fertilizers results in better metabolic and physiological development, as well as high-quality crops, which allows their use to be highly viable in the production of postharvest lettuces.","PeriodicalId":108819,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture International Journal","volume":"222 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115175346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-08DOI: 10.15406/HIJ.2020.04.00181
M. Abate
A field survey was conducted during 2019 in four Administrative Zone, namely East and West Gojam, North and South Godar Zone of 12 woredas (District) in 16 Kebeles (the smallest administrative structure). The objectives of the study were to identify and evaluate the causes of genetic erosions and the degree of threatened varieties of tef. In addition, assessment conducted on the conservation and constraints of growing of farmers varieties of tef [ Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] in northwestern Amhara region has also the part of the study.During the surve 332 (male 313 and female 19) households were participated in the interview and group discussion and the reveal of the study was 35 farmers’varieties of tef, 30-50 years old in the area were identified as under threatened; especially; in vernacular name or local language called Key tef ( Dabo tef ), Ancharo, Murie, Emblabish and Fesho were highly eroded.76.5% factor for the erosion of land race of tef cultivar was introduction of improved varieties. And the second and the third causes for erosion of land race were Climate change and bad weather (drought, floods etc), logging problem & introduction of improved varieties 9% and 4.8% respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was further computed using SPSS version 23 software. And practice and awareness on conservation of farmers’ varieties didn’t show any significant effect statistically (p≥0.05). However, factors that render for the erosion and identification of threatened farmer variety of tef at least 30-50 years old in the study area has show significant effect statistically (p≤0.05). Generally, farmers’ varieties of tef have declined and some of them have disappeared. In situ conservation measures such as on farm planted of crops are very important methods for conserving local agrobiodiversity. Active community participation in integrated agro- biodiversity resource management, facilitation of innovative ideas of change agencies and favourable state policy support are essential elements in on-farm conservation and sustainable use. This conservation strategy should emphasize farmer’s responsibility for the maintenance and sustainable utilization of diversity. Thus, in future I recommend that conservation of agro-biodiversity, sustainable protection measures based on local communities should be considered and adopted and develop packages for farmers’ varieties and promoting awareness creation and on farm conservation practice in regular existing extension system.
{"title":"The challenges of farmers’ varieties of tef (eragrostis tef (zucc.) trotter) production and on farm conservation in North -West Amhara Region, Ethiopia","authors":"M. Abate","doi":"10.15406/HIJ.2020.04.00181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/HIJ.2020.04.00181","url":null,"abstract":"A field survey was conducted during 2019 in four Administrative Zone, namely East and West Gojam, North and South Godar Zone of 12 woredas (District) in 16 Kebeles (the smallest administrative structure). The objectives of the study were to identify and evaluate the causes of genetic erosions and the degree of threatened varieties of tef. In addition, assessment conducted on the conservation and constraints of growing of farmers varieties of tef [ Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] in northwestern Amhara region has also the part of the study.During the surve 332 (male 313 and female 19) households were participated in the interview and group discussion and the reveal of the study was 35 farmers’varieties of tef, 30-50 years old in the area were identified as under threatened; especially; in vernacular name or local language called Key tef ( Dabo tef ), Ancharo, Murie, Emblabish and Fesho were highly eroded.76.5% factor for the erosion of land race of tef cultivar was introduction of improved varieties. And the second and the third causes for erosion of land race were Climate change and bad weather (drought, floods etc), logging problem & introduction of improved varieties 9% and 4.8% respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was further computed using SPSS version 23 software. And practice and awareness on conservation of farmers’ varieties didn’t show any significant effect statistically (p≥0.05). However, factors that render for the erosion and identification of threatened farmer variety of tef at least 30-50 years old in the study area has show significant effect statistically (p≤0.05). Generally, farmers’ varieties of tef have declined and some of them have disappeared. In situ conservation measures such as on farm planted of crops are very important methods for conserving local agrobiodiversity. Active community participation in integrated agro- biodiversity resource management, facilitation of innovative ideas of change agencies and favourable state policy support are essential elements in on-farm conservation and sustainable use. This conservation strategy should emphasize farmer’s responsibility for the maintenance and sustainable utilization of diversity. Thus, in future I recommend that conservation of agro-biodiversity, sustainable protection measures based on local communities should be considered and adopted and develop packages for farmers’ varieties and promoting awareness creation and on farm conservation practice in regular existing extension system.","PeriodicalId":108819,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130094880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-05DOI: 10.15406/HIJ.2020.04.00180
Gilberto Codignole Luz, H. Z. Neto, C. A. Mangolin, M. F. Machado
The physical and physiological characteristics of fruits and seeds were analyzed so that parameters may be determined to differentiate cactus plants of the Cereus genus from south and northeastern Brazil. Length, width, bark thickness, pulp diameter, weight of fruits, and sugar content (°Brix) of the fruit pulp, number of seeds (NS), weight of 100 seeds (P 100 ) and germination taxa (%G) of the seeds from plants of the two regions were evaluated. Fruit length, bark thickness and Brix degree were higher in Cereus plants from Maringá (south) than in plants from Picos (northeast), whilst the P 100 of plants cultivated in Picos was higher than the P 100 of plants grown in Maringá. NS and %G, at 30°C, were not significantly different in the seeds of the plants cultivated in Maringá and Picos. Positive Pearson correlation was reported between NS and the fruits´ weight, length, width, and diameter. Fruit width had a positive correlation with the weight, length, diameter, bark thickness and sugar content. The length, diameter and thickness of the bark were also positively correlated with the fruits´ sugar content. Above evidences suggest that larger fruits present higher Brix degree. The present study was important to shown that the Cereus plants from Maringá may be a source of bigger and sweeter fruits, essential characteristics for breeding programs..
{"title":"Characteristics of fruits and seeds of cereus plants (cactaceae) grown in South and Northeastern Brazil","authors":"Gilberto Codignole Luz, H. Z. Neto, C. A. Mangolin, M. F. Machado","doi":"10.15406/HIJ.2020.04.00180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/HIJ.2020.04.00180","url":null,"abstract":"The physical and physiological characteristics of fruits and seeds were analyzed so that parameters may be determined to differentiate cactus plants of the Cereus genus from south and northeastern Brazil. Length, width, bark thickness, pulp diameter, weight of fruits, and sugar content (°Brix) of the fruit pulp, number of seeds (NS), weight of 100 seeds (P 100 ) and germination taxa (%G) of the seeds from plants of the two regions were evaluated. Fruit length, bark thickness and Brix degree were higher in Cereus plants from Maringá (south) than in plants from Picos (northeast), whilst the P 100 of plants cultivated in Picos was higher than the P 100 of plants grown in Maringá. NS and %G, at 30°C, were not significantly different in the seeds of the plants cultivated in Maringá and Picos. Positive Pearson correlation was reported between NS and the fruits´ weight, length, width, and diameter. Fruit width had a positive correlation with the weight, length, diameter, bark thickness and sugar content. The length, diameter and thickness of the bark were also positively correlated with the fruits´ sugar content. Above evidences suggest that larger fruits present higher Brix degree. The present study was important to shown that the Cereus plants from Maringá may be a source of bigger and sweeter fruits, essential characteristics for breeding programs..","PeriodicalId":108819,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture International Journal","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127708603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-17DOI: 10.15406/HIJ.2020.04.00178
J. D. S. Rodrigues, P. Alves
The use of ripeners is one of the steps of managing sugarcane in Brazil. Sugarcane ripeners are mostly applied by airplanes and besides the target crop, these products can reach neighboring areas close to the sugarcane crops, causing a variety of effects. One of the crops that can be affected by this phenomenon is lettuce. Lettuce, as sugarcane, has its importance at local markets in Brazil. In literature, some researches are mentioning the effects caused by drift in many crops, but for lettuce the information is scarce. Researches that identifies the main consequences of ripeners drift are extremely necessary and it is a useful source for growers to identify the first possible symptoms when it occurs.
{"title":"The effects of sugarcane ripeners drift in non-target crops","authors":"J. D. S. Rodrigues, P. Alves","doi":"10.15406/HIJ.2020.04.00178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/HIJ.2020.04.00178","url":null,"abstract":"The use of ripeners is one of the steps of managing sugarcane in Brazil. Sugarcane ripeners are mostly applied by airplanes and besides the target crop, these products can reach neighboring areas close to the sugarcane crops, causing a variety of effects. One of the crops that can be affected by this phenomenon is lettuce. Lettuce, as sugarcane, has its importance at local markets in Brazil. In literature, some researches are mentioning the effects caused by drift in many crops, but for lettuce the information is scarce. Researches that identifies the main consequences of ripeners drift are extremely necessary and it is a useful source for growers to identify the first possible symptoms when it occurs.","PeriodicalId":108819,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture International Journal","volume":"29 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125797091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-07DOI: 10.15406/HIJ.2020.04.00177
C. Quezada, R. Merino, Alejandro Chandía, Marcos Cassanova
The phytomonitoring is a technology that provides information in real time of crop water status and allow to make a feedback between crop and grower to improve the irrigation control. The aim of this investigation was to asses the plant water status and your effect on yield and quality parameter in a commercial vineyard under drip irrigation in an Ultic Palexeralf soil during the 2008-2009 growing season at Central Southern of the Ñuble Region, Itata Valley, Chile. The experimental design was split-plot with three treatments of soil texture: clayey loam, sandy clay and clayey, and three sub-treatments of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, ‘Merlot’ and ‘Syrah’ cultivars. Stomatal conductance, leaf-air temperature, cluster weight, berry diameter, berry weight, and soluble solids content were evaluated. The results showed that the phytomonitoring is useful to evaluate the irrigation management in vineyards. Stomatal conductance and leaf-air temperature showed good performance as indicators of vine water status and grapevine quality. This study highlight the effect of soil texture on yield and wine quality in grapevines of semi-arid zones with drip irrigation.
{"title":"Use of phytomonitoring to evaluate the irrigation scheduling in vineyards (vitis vinifera l.) of itata valley Chile","authors":"C. Quezada, R. Merino, Alejandro Chandía, Marcos Cassanova","doi":"10.15406/HIJ.2020.04.00177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/HIJ.2020.04.00177","url":null,"abstract":"The phytomonitoring is a technology that provides information in real time of crop water status and allow to make a feedback between crop and grower to improve the irrigation control. The aim of this investigation was to asses the plant water status and your effect on yield and quality parameter in a commercial vineyard under drip irrigation in an Ultic Palexeralf soil during the 2008-2009 growing season at Central Southern of the Ñuble Region, Itata Valley, Chile. The experimental design was split-plot with three treatments of soil texture: clayey loam, sandy clay and clayey, and three sub-treatments of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, ‘Merlot’ and ‘Syrah’ cultivars. Stomatal conductance, leaf-air temperature, cluster weight, berry diameter, berry weight, and soluble solids content were evaluated. The results showed that the phytomonitoring is useful to evaluate the irrigation management in vineyards. Stomatal conductance and leaf-air temperature showed good performance as indicators of vine water status and grapevine quality. This study highlight the effect of soil texture on yield and wine quality in grapevines of semi-arid zones with drip irrigation.","PeriodicalId":108819,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture International Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129637980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-02DOI: 10.15406/hij.2020.04.00176
Jose Julian Apraez Muñoz, A. F. Almeida, D. Ahnert, F. Juca
The soil is among the main contamination sources of Pb in cocoa beans, which carries potential risks to human health from ingesting contaminated cocoa products. Therefore, the Pb contents in cocoa beans depend not only on the genotype, but also on the geographic location. Pb toxicity in plants is highly modified by increasing the Zn/Pb ratio. Pb uptake by the roots decreases with the increase in the Zn content in hyperaccumulator plant species of Pb/Zn, as well as in non-accumulator species, clearly indicating that the inflow of Pbis largely attributed to Zn transporters, with a strong preference for Zn at the Pb detriment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of Zn on mitigation of Pb toxicity in young plants of the cacao clonal CCN 51 genotype grown in soils with different doses of Pb, Zn and Zn+Pb, through physiological, biochemical, molecular and nutritional responses. Young plants of the clonal cacao genotype CCN 51 grown in soils with high Pb, Zn and Zn + Pb contents accumulate these heavy metals in the roots and leaves. The uptake of Pb and Zn by the roots and their transport to the aerial part promoted significant physiological alterations in variables such as photosynthesis, gas exchange, carboxylation efficiency, nutritional balance, antioxidant metabolism and the genetic expression especially of PsbA and PsbO genes related to photosystem two efficiency (PSII). The increased activity of the SOD enzyme and the proline content in the leaves contributed to mitigate the toxicities of Pb and Zn at the highest doses of these metallic elements applied in the soil. Furthermore, the adequate doses of Zn + Pb applied in the soil mitigated the toxicity of Pb in the plants. On the other hand, the doses of Zn + Pb and Zn applied to the soil, induced the death of young plants of the clonal cocoa CCN 51 genotype 15 days after the application of the treatments, the application of Zn in adequate doses to the soil. It can be used to mitigate the toxicity of Pb in young plants of the CCN 51 clonal cocoa genotype that grows in contaminated soils.
{"title":"Mitigation of Pb toxicity by Zn in young plants of the cacao clonal CCN 51 genotype grown in soil: physiological, biochemical, nutritional and molecular responses","authors":"Jose Julian Apraez Muñoz, A. F. Almeida, D. Ahnert, F. Juca","doi":"10.15406/hij.2020.04.00176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/hij.2020.04.00176","url":null,"abstract":"The soil is among the main contamination sources of Pb in cocoa beans, which carries potential risks to human health from ingesting contaminated cocoa products. Therefore, the Pb contents in cocoa beans depend not only on the genotype, but also on the geographic location. Pb toxicity in plants is highly modified by increasing the Zn/Pb ratio. Pb uptake by the roots decreases with the increase in the Zn content in hyperaccumulator plant species of Pb/Zn, as well as in non-accumulator species, clearly indicating that the inflow of Pbis largely attributed to Zn transporters, with a strong preference for Zn at the Pb detriment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of Zn on mitigation of Pb toxicity in young plants of the cacao clonal CCN 51 genotype grown in soils with different doses of Pb, Zn and Zn+Pb, through physiological, biochemical, molecular and nutritional responses. Young plants of the clonal cacao genotype CCN 51 grown in soils with high Pb, Zn and Zn + Pb contents accumulate these heavy metals in the roots and leaves. The uptake of Pb and Zn by the roots and their transport to the aerial part promoted significant physiological alterations in variables such as photosynthesis, gas exchange, carboxylation efficiency, nutritional balance, antioxidant metabolism and the genetic expression especially of PsbA and PsbO genes related to photosystem two efficiency (PSII). The increased activity of the SOD enzyme and the proline content in the leaves contributed to mitigate the toxicities of Pb and Zn at the highest doses of these metallic elements applied in the soil. Furthermore, the adequate doses of Zn + Pb applied in the soil mitigated the toxicity of Pb in the plants. On the other hand, the doses of Zn + Pb and Zn applied to the soil, induced the death of young plants of the clonal cocoa CCN 51 genotype 15 days after the application of the treatments, the application of Zn in adequate doses to the soil. It can be used to mitigate the toxicity of Pb in young plants of the CCN 51 clonal cocoa genotype that grows in contaminated soils.","PeriodicalId":108819,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture International Journal","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125618507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-17DOI: 10.15406/HIJ.2020.04.00175
D. S. Araiza, OA Martínez Jaime, Jaiber Díaz García, S. Mejía, R. G. Mendoza, E. Solís
Strawberry is one of the main crops in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico. The main insect pests are: Tetranychus urticae (Koch.) , Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) and, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Cockerell) . In order to evaluate the impact of different natural enemies on these pests, two treatments were compared. The first treatment (T 1 ) consisted in pesticide application, the second treatment (T 2 ) was composed of the liberation of two natural enemies of these insect pests: Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) and Hippodamia convergens (Guérin-Méneville). Coriander ( Coriandrumsativum L.) was planted on the side of the fields where the natural enemies were released. The adults of T. urticae were more abundant in T 1 than T 2 , by contrast,there were lower number of nymphs and adults of Ch. fragaefolii in T 1 ; nymphs and pupae of T. vaporariorum there were not significantly different between treatments. The populations of T. urticae and Ch. fragaefolii followed a similar pattern, appearing since the end of November and reaching a peak in April, whereas the population of T. vaporariorum showed three population peaks (December, February and June). The presence of C. carnea and H. covergens was similar between T. urticae and T. vaporariorum , but significant and different with respect of Ch. fragaefolii . The average number of T. urticae ’s eggs per leaf in the treatment with the release of natural enemies was of 130, compared with 1000 eggs/leaf in the conventional treatment. The population of whiteflies was lower in the biological control treatment. There was an effective pest control with the biocontrol treatment.
{"title":"Biological control of insect pests of strawberry (Fragariax ananassa Duch.) in Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico","authors":"D. S. Araiza, OA Martínez Jaime, Jaiber Díaz García, S. Mejía, R. G. Mendoza, E. Solís","doi":"10.15406/HIJ.2020.04.00175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/HIJ.2020.04.00175","url":null,"abstract":"Strawberry is one of the main crops in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico. The main insect pests are: Tetranychus urticae (Koch.) , Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) and, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Cockerell) . In order to evaluate the impact of different natural enemies on these pests, two treatments were compared. The first treatment (T 1 ) consisted in pesticide application, the second treatment (T 2 ) was composed of the liberation of two natural enemies of these insect pests: Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) and Hippodamia convergens (Guérin-Méneville). Coriander ( Coriandrumsativum L.) was planted on the side of the fields where the natural enemies were released. The adults of T. urticae were more abundant in T 1 than T 2 , by contrast,there were lower number of nymphs and adults of Ch. fragaefolii in T 1 ; nymphs and pupae of T. vaporariorum there were not significantly different between treatments. The populations of T. urticae and Ch. fragaefolii followed a similar pattern, appearing since the end of November and reaching a peak in April, whereas the population of T. vaporariorum showed three population peaks (December, February and June). The presence of C. carnea and H. covergens was similar between T. urticae and T. vaporariorum , but significant and different with respect of Ch. fragaefolii . The average number of T. urticae ’s eggs per leaf in the treatment with the release of natural enemies was of 130, compared with 1000 eggs/leaf in the conventional treatment. The population of whiteflies was lower in the biological control treatment. There was an effective pest control with the biocontrol treatment.","PeriodicalId":108819,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture International Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122466883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：