This paper is the first of a two-part series on “green” lime kiln fuels. The first part of this work reviews the use of pulp mill and recovery byproducts as either full or partial replacement of oil or natural gas in the kiln. The second part reviews the use of various forms of woody biomass, bio-oils, gasification, and hydrogen as potential carbon neutral or carbon-free lime kiln fuels.
{"title":"Alternative “green” lime kiln fuels: Part I—Pulping/recovery byproducts","authors":"P. Hart","doi":"10.32964/tj19.5.263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj19.5.263","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is the first of a two-part series on “green” lime kiln fuels. The first part of this work reviews the use of pulp mill and recovery byproducts as either full or partial replacement of oil or natural gas in the kiln. The second part reviews the use of various forms of woody biomass, bio-oils, gasification, and hydrogen as potential carbon neutral or carbon-free lime kiln fuels.","PeriodicalId":10925,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, May 06, 2020","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91003453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the fabrication of paper, a slurry with cellulose fibers and other matter is drained, pressed, and dried. The latter step requires considerable energy consumption. In the structure of wet paper, there are two differ-ent types of water: free water and bound water. Free water can be removed most effectively. However, removing bound water consumes a large portion of energy during the process. The focus of this paper is on the intermediate stage of the drying process, from free water toward bound water where the remaining free water is present on the surfaces of the fibers in the form of a liquid film. For simplicity, the drying process considered in this study corresponds to pure convective drying through the paper sheet. The physics of removing a thin liquid film trapped between fibers in the paper drying process is explored. The film is assumed to be incompressible, viscous, and subject to evaporation, thermocapillarity, and surface tension. By using a volume of fluid (VOF) model, the effect of the previously mentioned parameters on drying behavior of the thin film is investigated.
{"title":"Fundamental understanding of removal of liquid thin film trapped between fibers in the paper drying process: A microscopic approach","authors":"Z. Noori, J. Yagoobi, B. Tilley","doi":"10.32964/tj19.5.249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj19.5.249","url":null,"abstract":"In the fabrication of paper, a slurry with cellulose fibers and other matter is drained, pressed, and dried. The latter step requires considerable energy consumption. In the structure of wet paper, there are two differ-ent types of water: free water and bound water. Free water can be removed most effectively. However, removing bound water consumes a large portion of energy during the process. \u0000The focus of this paper is on the intermediate stage of the drying process, from free water toward bound water where the remaining free water is present on the surfaces of the fibers in the form of a liquid film. For simplicity, the drying process considered in this study corresponds to pure convective drying through the paper sheet. The physics of removing a thin liquid film trapped between fibers in the paper drying process is explored. The film is assumed to be incompressible, viscous, and subject to evaporation, thermocapillarity, and surface tension. By using a volume of fluid (VOF) model, the effect of the previously mentioned parameters on drying behavior of the thin film is investigated.","PeriodicalId":10925,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, May 06, 2020","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89246455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents data on the effects of operational parameters (number of revolutions, linear pressure, and gap) of the PFI refiner on the swellability of recycled fiber, which was characterized by water retention value (WRV). The results showed that the increase of recycled fiber’s WRV was proportional to the number of revolutions and the linear pressure, but inversely proportional to the gap. The mathematical relation between these parameters and the fiber WRV could be described by an empirical model for gaps greater than 0.1 mm. Scanning electron microscopic images of fiber morphology showed that the basic framework of fibers could be maintained with the gap greater than 0.1 mm, but was destroyed with smaller gaps. This model provides a technical reference for quantitative control of refining treatment and an effective method for improving recycled fiber quality.
{"title":"Effects of a PFI refiner’s operational parameters on the swellability of recycled fiber","authors":"Xiao-Nin Shen, BO LI, Wenxuan Mo, Xin-Sheng Chai","doi":"10.32964/tj19.5.239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj19.5.239","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents data on the effects of operational parameters (number of revolutions, linear pressure, and gap) of the PFI refiner on the swellability of recycled fiber, which was characterized by water retention value (WRV). The results showed that the increase of recycled fiber’s WRV was proportional to the number of revolutions and the linear pressure, but inversely proportional to the gap. The mathematical relation between these parameters and the fiber WRV could be described by an empirical model for gaps greater than 0.1 mm. Scanning electron microscopic images of fiber morphology showed that the basic framework of fibers could be maintained with the gap greater than 0.1 mm, but was destroyed with smaller gaps. This model provides a technical reference for quantitative control of refining treatment and an effective method for improving recycled fiber quality.","PeriodicalId":10925,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, May 06, 2020","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82555938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is the second of a two-part series on “green” lime kiln fuels. The first part of this work reviews the use of pulp mill and recovery byproducts as either full or partial replacement of oil or natural gas in the kiln. The second part reviews the use of various forms of woody biomass, bio-oils, gasification and hydrogen as potential carbon neutral or carbon-free lime kiln fuels. Several of these options require specialized burners to supply the fuel to the kiln and high-quality metallurgy to withstand the acidic conditions of the fuel.
{"title":"Alternative “green” lime kiln fuels: Part II—Woody biomass, bio-oils, gasification, and hydrogen","authors":"P. Hart","doi":"10.32964/tj19.5.271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj19.5.271","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is the second of a two-part series on “green” lime kiln fuels. The first part of this work reviews the use of pulp mill and recovery byproducts as either full or partial replacement of oil or natural gas in the kiln. The second part reviews the use of various forms of woody biomass, bio-oils, gasification and hydrogen as potential carbon neutral or carbon-free lime kiln fuels. Several of these options require specialized burners to supply the fuel to the kiln and high-quality metallurgy to withstand the acidic conditions of the fuel.","PeriodicalId":10925,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, May 06, 2020","volume":"171 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77987607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
El objetivo de este trabajo es estimar la demanda de electricidad residencial de México mediante una regresión cuantílica. Por primera ocasión se utiliza información que permite identificar la tarifa de electricidad residencial a nivel municipio facilitando la conversión del gasto en electricidad a kilowatts-hora. Sin embargo, se incurre en una sobreestimación en el consumo de electricidad para los hogares que pagan derecho de alumbrado público ya que no se dispone de esta información. Se encontró que la elasticidad ingreso de la demanda es inelástica, a través de los deciles de consumo, con un rango de [0.25, 0.28], mientras que la elasticidad precio y precio cruzada de la demanda resultaron ser elásticas con rangos de [-1.93, -1.42] y [-1.81, -1.04], respectivamente. También se observa que los hogares, equipados con aire acondicionado, consumen en promedio entre 69 % y 49 % más que el resto de los hogares.
{"title":"Demanda de electricidad residencial: Una perspectiva de regresión cuantílica","authors":"Ricardo Ovalle","doi":"10.29105/ensayos39.1-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29105/ensayos39.1-4","url":null,"abstract":"El objetivo de este trabajo es estimar la demanda de electricidad residencial de México mediante una regresión cuantílica. Por primera ocasión se utiliza información que permite identificar la tarifa de electricidad residencial a nivel municipio facilitando la conversión del gasto en electricidad a kilowatts-hora. Sin embargo, se incurre en una sobreestimación en el consumo de electricidad para los hogares que pagan derecho de alumbrado público ya que no se dispone de esta información. Se encontró que la elasticidad ingreso de la demanda es inelástica, a través de los deciles de consumo, con un rango de [0.25, 0.28], mientras que la elasticidad precio y precio cruzada de la demanda resultaron ser elásticas con rangos de [-1.93, -1.42] y [-1.81, -1.04], respectivamente. También se observa que los hogares, equipados con aire acondicionado, consumen en promedio entre 69 % y 49 % más que el resto de los hogares.","PeriodicalId":10925,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, May 06, 2020","volume":"160 10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83260737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
El objetivo de este trabajo es estimar la demanda de electricidad residencial de México mediante una regresión cuantílica. Por primera ocasión se utiliza información que permite identificar la tarifa de electricidad residencial a nivel municipio facilitando la conversión del gasto en electricidad a kilowatts-hora. Sin embargo, se incurre en una sobreestimación en el consumo de electricidad para los hogares que pagan derecho de alumbrado publico ya que no se dispone de esta información. Se encontró que la elasticidad ingreso de la demanda es inelástica, a través de los deciles de consumo, con un rango de [0.25, 0.28], mientras que la elasticidad precio y precio cruzada de la demanda resultaron ser elásticas con rangos de [-1.93, -1.42] y [-1.81, -1.04], respectivamente. También se observa que los hogares, equipados con aire acondicionado, consumen en promedio entre 69 % y 49 % más que el resto de los hogares.
{"title":"Demanda de electricidad residencial: Una perspectiva de regresión cuantílica","authors":"Ricardo Arturo Cárdenas Ovalle","doi":"10.29105/ensayos39.1-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29105/ensayos39.1-3","url":null,"abstract":"El objetivo de este trabajo es estimar la demanda de electricidad residencial de México mediante una regresión cuantílica. Por primera ocasión se utiliza información que permite identificar la tarifa de electricidad residencial a nivel municipio facilitando la conversión del gasto en electricidad a kilowatts-hora. Sin embargo, se incurre en una sobreestimación en el consumo de electricidad para los hogares que pagan derecho de alumbrado publico ya que no se dispone de esta información. Se encontró que la elasticidad ingreso de la demanda es inelástica, a través de los deciles de consumo, con un rango de [0.25, 0.28], mientras que la elasticidad precio y precio cruzada de la demanda resultaron ser elásticas con rangos de [-1.93, -1.42] y [-1.81, -1.04], respectivamente. También se observa que los hogares, equipados con aire acondicionado, consumen en promedio entre 69 % y 49 % más que el resto de los hogares.","PeriodicalId":10925,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, May 06, 2020","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91010589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-20DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.20.14.05.p2317
J. M. Ribeiro, S. L. Teixeira, Joselita Cardoso de Souza, Brenda Lima Ribeiro, Antônio Bruno Nunes Oliveira, Thiago Francisco de Souza Carneiro Neto, Lucas Silva Rios, E. Vieira
One of the major problems related to the implementation of date palm crops in Brazil is propagation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using tissue culture technique for the in vitro propagation of this species. Hence, the effect of 2iP and 2,4-D on the in vitro response of date palm inflorescence tissues, related to floral bud swelling, callusing, and rhizogenesis, was evaluated. The absence of 2,4-D was more detrimental to the in vitro response of inflorescence bud explants than absence of 2iP. In treatments without addition of 2,4-D to the culture medium, explants did not have swelling, callus or root formation. The treatment containing 150 mg/L 2,4-D in the presence of 1.5 mg/L 2iP initiated explant swelling, and treatments with either 100 mg/L or 150 mg/L 2,4-D, combined with 3.0 mg/L 2iP, were also efficient in stimulating in vitro swelling of inflorescence buds. Rhizogenesis was induced at the highest concentrations of 2,4-D (100 and 150 mg/L), combined with 4.5 mg/L 2iP, and was visually more evident in the treatment containing 150 mg/L 2,4-D + 4.5 mg/L 2iP. These results suggest that even higher concentrations of these two reagents might be efficient in the micropropagation of new existing date palm genotypes in the Submedium São Francisco River Valley.
{"title":"In vitro response of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) inflorescence explants to high 2iP and 2,4-D concentrations","authors":"J. M. Ribeiro, S. L. Teixeira, Joselita Cardoso de Souza, Brenda Lima Ribeiro, Antônio Bruno Nunes Oliveira, Thiago Francisco de Souza Carneiro Neto, Lucas Silva Rios, E. Vieira","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.20.14.05.p2317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.05.p2317","url":null,"abstract":"One of the major problems related to the implementation of date palm crops in Brazil is propagation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using tissue culture technique for the in vitro propagation of this species. Hence, the effect of 2iP and 2,4-D on the in vitro response of date palm inflorescence tissues, related to floral bud swelling, callusing, and rhizogenesis, was evaluated. The absence of 2,4-D was more detrimental to the in vitro response of inflorescence bud explants than absence of 2iP. In treatments without addition of 2,4-D to the culture medium, explants did not have swelling, callus or root formation. The treatment containing 150 mg/L 2,4-D in the presence of 1.5 mg/L 2iP initiated explant swelling, and treatments with either 100 mg/L or 150 mg/L 2,4-D, combined with 3.0 mg/L 2iP, were also efficient in stimulating in vitro swelling of inflorescence buds. Rhizogenesis was induced at the highest concentrations of 2,4-D (100 and 150 mg/L), combined with 4.5 mg/L 2iP, and was visually more evident in the treatment containing 150 mg/L 2,4-D + 4.5 mg/L 2iP. These results suggest that even higher concentrations of these two reagents might be efficient in the micropropagation of new existing date palm genotypes in the Submedium São Francisco River Valley.","PeriodicalId":10925,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, May 06, 2020","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75298819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-20DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.20.14.05.p2124
P. Pepó
We studied the effect of planting method (flat and ridge planting) and row spacing (0.75-1.0 m) on the yield and SPAD readings of sweet potato (Ásotthalmi 12 variety) in a small-plot field experiment in 2017 and 2018. The experiment was set up in lattice design with 4 replications. The SPAD readings of sweet potato were measured four (2017) and three (2018) times during vegetation period (by Konica Minolta 502). A high yield level was reached both in 2017 (23.23-50.69 t ha-1 marketable yield) and 2018 (33.26-47.34 t ha-1) due to the effects of the favourable soil (chernozem), the near-optimal agrotechnical background, irrigation and the warmer-than-average vegetation period. In both years, higher yields were obtained with flat planting and 0.75 m row spacing. The proportion of non-marketable tubers was between 9.97-15.57% in 2017 and 8.65-11.01% in 2018. The SPADmax values were measured in July (39.61-50.31 in 2017) and in August (49.90-55.33 in 2018). Strong correlation observed among SPAD readings, the whole yield and the marketable yield in both years (r = 0.632*, r = -0.664* and r = 0.709**, respectively). Also, a strong correlation was observed between the planting method and the obtained SPAD readings (r = -0.847**, -0.682* in 2017 and r = -0.634*, -0.488 in 2018, respectively), while there was no correlation between row spacing and SPAD readings (r = -0.006NS-0.190NS). Crop year had a strong effect on SPAD readings (r = 0.639**-0.871**).
{"title":"Correlation analysis of the SPAD readings and yield of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) under different agrotechnical conditions","authors":"P. Pepó","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.20.14.05.p2124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.05.p2124","url":null,"abstract":"We studied the effect of planting method (flat and ridge planting) and row spacing (0.75-1.0 m) on the yield and SPAD readings of sweet potato (Ásotthalmi 12 variety) in a small-plot field experiment in 2017 and 2018. The experiment was set up in lattice design with 4 replications. The SPAD readings of sweet potato were measured four (2017) and three (2018) times during vegetation period (by Konica Minolta 502). A high yield level was reached both in 2017 (23.23-50.69 t ha-1 marketable yield) and 2018 (33.26-47.34 t ha-1) due to the effects of the favourable soil (chernozem), the near-optimal agrotechnical background, irrigation and the warmer-than-average vegetation period. In both years, higher yields were obtained with flat planting and 0.75 m row spacing. The proportion of non-marketable tubers was between 9.97-15.57% in 2017 and 8.65-11.01% in 2018. The SPADmax values were measured in July (39.61-50.31 in 2017) and in August (49.90-55.33 in 2018). Strong correlation observed among SPAD readings, the whole yield and the marketable yield in both years (r = 0.632*, r = -0.664* and r = 0.709**, respectively). Also, a strong correlation was observed between the planting method and the obtained SPAD readings (r = -0.847**, -0.682* in 2017 and r = -0.634*, -0.488 in 2018, respectively), while there was no correlation between row spacing and SPAD readings (r = -0.006NS-0.190NS). Crop year had a strong effect on SPAD readings (r = 0.639**-0.871**).","PeriodicalId":10925,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, May 06, 2020","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74136363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Overcoming environmental challenges to develop offshore oil fields remains daunting for engineers who must balance economic feasibility with environmental protection, often within limited timelines before first oil commitments. A critical examination of Saudi Arabia's field development cases reveals a 56-year timeline (which seems interminable) between offshore field discovery in 1957 and realization of an environmentally friendly field development in 2013. If teams desire to accomplish Aegian projects with the sustenance of core values in perspective (whatever the core values might be), such as to gain the economic advantages of offshore projects while preserving the environment or honoring some other constraint, it is imperative to work with more robust timelines. Whereas strictly time-bounding projects may help with releasing adrenalin for performance, engineers may require adequate time for innovative concept designs to conduct necessary pilots and qualification. Collaboration between cross-functional project teams – construction, drilling, testing, and production – is examined from the economic delivery of several challenging wells under various environmental challenges and constraints. An overarching theme from each team was to apply environmental solutions. Colonization of hard coral species and presence of several fish species were observed on project completion. For example, a 70% increase in growth of Seagrass and artificial coral reefs was observed near the causeway built for the Manifa Field, which could become a hot spot of biodiversity. Water circulation, as measured by an acoustic doppler current profiler (ADCP) improved from 17 days before the project to 11 days on project completion. When engineers persevere, collaborate and have enough time to plan intensively until they find the technology solutions to advance, society benefits from an environmental return. As the worldwide study cases reveal, several projects are threatened globally because engineers may be unable to find viable solutions under rigid timelines. Often companies must be willing to wait until they acquire the technologies to responsibly advance complex environmentally sensitive projects. If timelines are flexible and sufficiently realistic, management's unwavering support to avail necessary resources would be critical for success.
{"title":"Critical Offshore Field Development Projects –Why Work Outside of Strict Timelines?","authors":"J. Arukhe, S. Al-Ghamdi, Musa Mohammed Al-Nafisah","doi":"10.4043/30904-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4043/30904-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Overcoming environmental challenges to develop offshore oil fields remains daunting for engineers who must balance economic feasibility with environmental protection, often within limited timelines before first oil commitments. A critical examination of Saudi Arabia's field development cases reveals a 56-year timeline (which seems interminable) between offshore field discovery in 1957 and realization of an environmentally friendly field development in 2013. If teams desire to accomplish Aegian projects with the sustenance of core values in perspective (whatever the core values might be), such as to gain the economic advantages of offshore projects while preserving the environment or honoring some other constraint, it is imperative to work with more robust timelines. Whereas strictly time-bounding projects may help with releasing adrenalin for performance, engineers may require adequate time for innovative concept designs to conduct necessary pilots and qualification.\u0000 Collaboration between cross-functional project teams – construction, drilling, testing, and production – is examined from the economic delivery of several challenging wells under various environmental challenges and constraints. An overarching theme from each team was to apply environmental solutions. Colonization of hard coral species and presence of several fish species were observed on project completion. For example, a 70% increase in growth of Seagrass and artificial coral reefs was observed near the causeway built for the Manifa Field, which could become a hot spot of biodiversity. Water circulation, as measured by an acoustic doppler current profiler (ADCP) improved from 17 days before the project to 11 days on project completion. When engineers persevere, collaborate and have enough time to plan intensively until they find the technology solutions to advance, society benefits from an environmental return.\u0000 As the worldwide study cases reveal, several projects are threatened globally because engineers may be unable to find viable solutions under rigid timelines. Often companies must be willing to wait until they acquire the technologies to responsibly advance complex environmentally sensitive projects. If timelines are flexible and sufficiently realistic, management's unwavering support to avail necessary resources would be critical for success.","PeriodicalId":10925,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, May 06, 2020","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85921145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Geology from Home","authors":"","doi":"10.1144/geosci2020-081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/geosci2020-081","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10925,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, May 06, 2020","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76651622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：