Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.22.16.04.p3464
M. Kılıç, M. K. Bozokalfa
Fruit shape is an important quality parameter, and such variables as fruit diameter, height, weight, cross-sectional area and volume are components affecting this feature. In particular, these properties are the most important parameters in industrial applications for fruit grading, in determining the conditions of optimum packing, in providing the most suitable transportation facilities, and in optimizing crop production strategies. In this investigation, mathematical models were devised which enable estimation of the cross-sectional area, weight and volume of the fruit by a non-destructive method in the field before harvest. The modelling process was carried out by means of data analysis approaches and interactive consecutive calculation series for the Bandita F1 tomato cultivar. The correlation between the measured and estimated cross-sectional area, weight and volume of the fruit were 0.9672, 0.9809 and 0.9684, respectively. Apart from this, the accuracy rates of the models proposed for the estimation of the cross-sectional area, weight and volume are 97.12%, 95.40% and 95.37% respectively. In addition, the performance and validity of the models are in the “very good” category according to the all three analyses of NS, RSR and PBIAS. These results indicated that the models proposed gave high rates of accurate results
{"title":"Non-destructive estimation of tomato fruit properties by interactive consecutive model series","authors":"M. Kılıç, M. K. Bozokalfa","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.22.16.04.p3464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.22.16.04.p3464","url":null,"abstract":"Fruit shape is an important quality parameter, and such variables as fruit diameter, height, weight, cross-sectional area and volume are components affecting this feature. In particular, these properties are the most important parameters in industrial applications for fruit grading, in determining the conditions of optimum packing, in providing the most suitable transportation facilities, and in optimizing crop production strategies. In this investigation, mathematical models were devised which enable estimation of the cross-sectional area, weight and volume of the fruit by a non-destructive method in the field before harvest. The modelling process was carried out by means of data analysis approaches and interactive consecutive calculation series for the Bandita F1 tomato cultivar. The correlation between the measured and estimated cross-sectional area, weight and volume of the fruit were 0.9672, 0.9809 and 0.9684, respectively. Apart from this, the accuracy rates of the models proposed for the estimation of the cross-sectional area, weight and volume are 97.12%, 95.40% and 95.37% respectively. In addition, the performance and validity of the models are in the “very good” category according to the all three analyses of NS, RSR and PBIAS. These results indicated that the models proposed gave high rates of accurate results","PeriodicalId":10935,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, April 25, 2022","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78969222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.22.16.04.p3260
Brenner Cabalheiro dos Santos, V. A. Amorim, L. P. Borges, Brunno Nunes Furtado, J. B. D. S. Júnior, F. S. Matos
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of salt stress and competition on the development and growth of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa var. iceberg). The plants were grown under greenhouse conditions with 50% interception of solar radiation. Iceberg lettuce seedlings were transplanted to 8-liter pots with surface area of 4.9 dm2 filled with 5 kg of a substrate composed of soil, sand, and manure at the ratio of 3:1:1 v v-1. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design with a 6 × 2 factorial arrangement (six salinity levels and one or two plants per pot), and three replications. An electrical conductivity meter was used to determine the salinity level; NaCl was added to the water until reaching 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 dS m-1. The lettuce plants were sensitive to salt stress; however, the plants can be irrigated with brackish water with electrical conductivity equal to or lower than 2 dS m-1 without significant decreases in shoot fresh weight, therefore meeting the social demand for use low quality water in agriculture. The morphophysiological plasticity of lettuce plants increases the competitive potential of plants in high density crops, with one plant per 2.45 dm2
{"title":"Growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. iceberg) irrigated with brackish water under competition","authors":"Brenner Cabalheiro dos Santos, V. A. Amorim, L. P. Borges, Brunno Nunes Furtado, J. B. D. S. Júnior, F. S. Matos","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.22.16.04.p3260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.22.16.04.p3260","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of salt stress and competition on the development and growth of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa var. iceberg). The plants were grown under greenhouse conditions with 50% interception of solar radiation. Iceberg lettuce seedlings were transplanted to 8-liter pots with surface area of 4.9 dm2 filled with 5 kg of a substrate composed of soil, sand, and manure at the ratio of 3:1:1 v v-1. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design with a 6 × 2 factorial arrangement (six salinity levels and one or two plants per pot), and three replications. An electrical conductivity meter was used to determine the salinity level; NaCl was added to the water until reaching 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 dS m-1. The lettuce plants were sensitive to salt stress; however, the plants can be irrigated with brackish water with electrical conductivity equal to or lower than 2 dS m-1 without significant decreases in shoot fresh weight, therefore meeting the social demand for use low quality water in agriculture. The morphophysiological plasticity of lettuce plants increases the competitive potential of plants in high density crops, with one plant per 2.45 dm2","PeriodicalId":10935,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, April 25, 2022","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76528007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
People lost in the wilderness may be geographically disorientated, incapacitated or unable to return to places of safety. Tourists enter wilderness environments in pursuit of pleasure and leisure but sometimes things go wrong, and they become lost. Tourists have some unique needs dependent on their attitudes, behaviours, motivations and general lack of familiarity with the environment. These unique needs have been recognised in tourism disaster management literature but have not been addressed in search and rescue or lost-person literature. This paper reviews existing literature from the fields of tourism, search and rescue, preventative search and rescue, lost person behaviour, tourism disaster management and community engagement to propose a way forward for tourist safety research. One pathway is to deconstruct the event of a person lost in the wilderness into a series of linked phases. Deconstruction can inform theorists, practitioners and stakeholders about better ways to prevent and manage such events. This could benefit all stakeholders and provide empirical research grounded in established tourism, tourism disaster management and search and rescue theories.
{"title":"Get lost! Safeguarding lost tourists in wilderness environments","authors":"S. Schwartz","doi":"10.47389/37.2.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47389/37.2.63","url":null,"abstract":"People lost in the wilderness may be geographically disorientated, incapacitated or unable to return to places of safety. Tourists enter wilderness environments in pursuit of pleasure and leisure but sometimes things go wrong, and they become lost. Tourists have some unique needs dependent on their attitudes, behaviours, motivations and general lack of familiarity with the environment. These unique needs have been recognised in tourism disaster management literature but have not been addressed in search and rescue or lost-person literature. This paper reviews existing literature from the fields of tourism, search and rescue, preventative search and rescue, lost person behaviour, tourism disaster management and community engagement to propose a way forward for tourist safety research. One pathway is to deconstruct the event of a person lost in the wilderness into a series of linked phases. Deconstruction can inform theorists, practitioners and stakeholders about better ways to prevent and manage such events. This could benefit all stakeholders and provide empirical research grounded in established tourism, tourism disaster management and search and rescue theories.","PeriodicalId":10935,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, April 25, 2022","volume":"7 7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83364458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cutaneous bacterial communities can be crucial in modulating amphibian-pathogen interactions, but are highly sensitive to environmental conditions. Many amphibians, in particular salamandrid newts, may inhabit aquatic or terrestrial habitats after metamorphosis. These different conditions can alter the cutaneous bacterial communities of animals and so affect both the susceptibility of individuals to disease and their potential to transmit pathogens to others. Furthermore, different environments may influence the fitness of individuals through impacts on growth rates. I investigated the impact of aquatic and terrestrial environments on the cutaneous bacterial communities and growth rates in the alpine newt (Icthyosaura alpestris). This species is invasive in the UK and has been reported as carrier of amphibian pathogenic chytrid fungus. I show that aquatic animals, although growing faster, present less diverse communities, lacking in species that inhibit Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) in vitro. My data suggest that aquatic and terrestrial phases in amphibians may influence their susceptibility to disease and I suggest that this likely impacts the way in which pathogens, especially Bd, spread in the environment.
{"title":"Effects of aquatic and terrestrial habitats on the skin microbiome and growth rate of juvenile alpine newts Ichthyosaura alpestris","authors":"C. Michaels","doi":"10.33256/32.2.5158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33256/32.2.5158","url":null,"abstract":"Cutaneous bacterial communities can be crucial in modulating amphibian-pathogen interactions, but are highly sensitive to \u0000environmental conditions. Many amphibians, in particular salamandrid newts, may inhabit aquatic or terrestrial habitats after \u0000metamorphosis. These different conditions can alter the cutaneous bacterial communities of animals and so affect both the \u0000susceptibility of individuals to disease and their potential to transmit pathogens to others. Furthermore, different environments \u0000may influence the fitness of individuals through impacts on growth rates. I investigated the impact of aquatic and terrestrial \u0000environments on the cutaneous bacterial communities and growth rates in the alpine newt (Icthyosaura alpestris). This species \u0000is invasive in the UK and has been reported as carrier of amphibian pathogenic chytrid fungus. I show that aquatic animals, \u0000although growing faster, present less diverse communities, lacking in species that inhibit Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) \u0000in vitro. My data suggest that aquatic and terrestrial phases in amphibians may influence their susceptibility to disease and I \u0000suggest that this likely impacts the way in which pathogens, especially Bd, spread in the environment.","PeriodicalId":10935,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, April 25, 2022","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89583037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.22.16.04.p2395
Michele Renata Revers Meneguzzo, G. Meneghello, I. Carvalho, Fernanda da Motta Xavier, V. P. Gonçalves, Diéli Witte Maass, Sheila Bigolin Teixeira, A. B. N. Martins, F. Lautenchleger, N. C. Lângaro
This work aimed to evaluate the initial development of soybean and maize plants due to the vigor level and the seed size used. Soybean seeds of cultivar 5855 RSF IPRO (BMX ELITE) and hybrid maize Fórmula Viptera were classified in two sizes of sieve (6.00 and 6.50 mm - soybean; 7.50 and 7.00 mm - maize) and two levels of vigor for soybean and three levels of vigor for maize. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 x 2 bifactorial scheme (sieve size x vigor levels) for soybean and 2 x 3 (sieve size x vigor levels) for maize, with four replications. The variables evaluated were germination, first germination count and emergence in bed. In the evaluation of seedling initial performance, shoot, root and total length, volume and dry mass were evaluated at 7, 11 and 14 days after sowing for soybean and at 7, 14 and 21 days for maize seeds. High vigor soybean and maize seeds presented high physiological quality, as well as in the development of plants, where larger and of high vigor soybean seeds showed higher plant length and dry mass. The classification of seeds through the level of vigor influences the physiological quality of soybean and maize seeds. Larger seeds with higher vigor showed greater length and initial development of seedlings, being indicated the use of seeds of something vigor
{"title":"Initial development and physiological potential of soybean and maize as a function of vigor level and seed size","authors":"Michele Renata Revers Meneguzzo, G. Meneghello, I. Carvalho, Fernanda da Motta Xavier, V. P. Gonçalves, Diéli Witte Maass, Sheila Bigolin Teixeira, A. B. N. Martins, F. Lautenchleger, N. C. Lângaro","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.22.16.04.p2395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.22.16.04.p2395","url":null,"abstract":"This work aimed to evaluate the initial development of soybean and maize plants due to the vigor level and the seed size used. Soybean seeds of cultivar 5855 RSF IPRO (BMX ELITE) and hybrid maize Fórmula Viptera were classified in two sizes of sieve (6.00 and 6.50 mm - soybean; 7.50 and 7.00 mm - maize) and two levels of vigor for soybean and three levels of vigor for maize. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 x 2 bifactorial scheme (sieve size x vigor levels) for soybean and 2 x 3 (sieve size x vigor levels) for maize, with four replications. The variables evaluated were germination, first germination count and emergence in bed. In the evaluation of seedling initial performance, shoot, root and total length, volume and dry mass were evaluated at 7, 11 and 14 days after sowing for soybean and at 7, 14 and 21 days for maize seeds. High vigor soybean and maize seeds presented high physiological quality, as well as in the development of plants, where larger and of high vigor soybean seeds showed higher plant length and dry mass. The classification of seeds through the level of vigor influences the physiological quality of soybean and maize seeds. Larger seeds with higher vigor showed greater length and initial development of seedlings, being indicated the use of seeds of something vigor","PeriodicalId":10935,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, April 25, 2022","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88085346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.22.16.04.p3376
Letícia Winke Dias, A. Brunes, A. C. Martins, Vitor Mateus Kolesny, C. Simioni, R. Weiler, C. Rombaldi, F. A. Villela
Plants grown under flooding stress conditions form reactive oxygen species, both during oxygen deficiency and after reoxygenation. The tolerance of plants under these conditions depends on an efficient antioxidant system, which may be influenced by the higher expression of heat shock proteins, such as mitochondrial MT-sHSP23.6. The objective of the present study was to determine whether the overexpression of this gene increases the antioxidant activity in tomato cv. Micro-Tom plants subjected to flooding during the vegetative stage of four fully expanded leaves. The experiment was performed with three genotypes of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum Mill. cv. Micro-Tom), one non-transformed denominated “WT” and two modified for high and low expression of the MT-sHSP23.6 gene, subjected to normal irrigation conditions, 72 hours of flooding, and 24 and 192 hours of recovery after the removal of flooding, consisting a 3x4 split-plot factorial design with four replications. Plants were collected at the vegetative stage of 4 fully expanded leaves to determine superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase activities, hydrogen peroxide accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Overexpression of the mitochondrial MT-sHSP23.6 gene in the evaluated plants resulted in higher antioxidant system activity. However, it did not necessarily lead to less damage caused by oxidative stress. Low expression of this gene resulted in lower antioxidant system activity and greater damage caused by reactive oxygen species
{"title":"Overexpression of the mitochondrial MT-sHSP23.6 gene during antioxidant activity in tomato cv. Micro-Tom subjected to flooding","authors":"Letícia Winke Dias, A. Brunes, A. C. Martins, Vitor Mateus Kolesny, C. Simioni, R. Weiler, C. Rombaldi, F. A. Villela","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.22.16.04.p3376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.22.16.04.p3376","url":null,"abstract":"Plants grown under flooding stress conditions form reactive oxygen species, both during oxygen deficiency and after reoxygenation. The tolerance of plants under these conditions depends on an efficient antioxidant system, which may be influenced by the higher expression of heat shock proteins, such as mitochondrial MT-sHSP23.6. The objective of the present study was to determine whether the overexpression of this gene increases the antioxidant activity in tomato cv. Micro-Tom plants subjected to flooding during the vegetative stage of four fully expanded leaves. The experiment was performed with three genotypes of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum Mill. cv. Micro-Tom), one non-transformed denominated “WT” and two modified for high and low expression of the MT-sHSP23.6 gene, subjected to normal irrigation conditions, 72 hours of flooding, and 24 and 192 hours of recovery after the removal of flooding, consisting a 3x4 split-plot factorial design with four replications. Plants were collected at the vegetative stage of 4 fully expanded leaves to determine superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase activities, hydrogen peroxide accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Overexpression of the mitochondrial MT-sHSP23.6 gene in the evaluated plants resulted in higher antioxidant system activity. However, it did not necessarily lead to less damage caused by oxidative stress. Low expression of this gene resulted in lower antioxidant system activity and greater damage caused by reactive oxygen species","PeriodicalId":10935,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, April 25, 2022","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86194130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.22.16.04.p3468
S. Elixon, Y. M. Rafii, R. Asfaliza, J. Mashitah, R. S. Izzan
In the development of new varieties, physicochemical properties such as grain quality, milling, and chemical content are important. Twenty rice hybrids were tested in various environments in this study. Using multivariate and univariate models, the major goal is to identify rice hybrids with acceptable physicochemical properties and high stability. According to the ANOVA, variance due to season×genotype×location revealed a significant difference in length to width ratio, head rice recovery, and amylose content. Milled grain length and width varied from 6.64 to 7.32 mm and 1.78 to 2.06 mm, respectively, throughout the environments. The head rice recovery and amylose content, on the other hand, varied from 84.83 to 94.68% and 16.51 to 22.21%, respectively. The stability analysis for head rice trait using genotype superiority, static stability, Wrickie ecovelance, Nassar and Huehn, AMMI stability value, and coefficient of variation stability analysis, revealed that hybrids G2, G13, G8, G16, G7, G9, G6, G17, and G18 were the most stable. For Amylose content, hybrids G7, G4, G19, G10, G5, G17, G3, G12 and G11 were significantly stable. Except for G5, all hybrids demonstrated stable performance in the multivariate stability analysis for head rice recovery. Similarly, hybrids G3, G4, G5, and G7 responded in minimum GE interaction in multivariate analysis for amylose content. This discovery can help breeders pick potential hybrids by identifying the physicochemical attribute expression that was examined in different conditions
{"title":"Genotype × environment interaction and stability analysis on physicochemical traits of Malaysian rice hybrid across the environments","authors":"S. Elixon, Y. M. Rafii, R. Asfaliza, J. Mashitah, R. S. Izzan","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.22.16.04.p3468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.22.16.04.p3468","url":null,"abstract":"In the development of new varieties, physicochemical properties such as grain quality, milling, and chemical content are important. Twenty rice hybrids were tested in various environments in this study. Using multivariate and univariate models, the major goal is to identify rice hybrids with acceptable physicochemical properties and high stability. According to the ANOVA, variance due to season×genotype×location revealed a significant difference in length to width ratio, head rice recovery, and amylose content. Milled grain length and width varied from 6.64 to 7.32 mm and 1.78 to 2.06 mm, respectively, throughout the environments. The head rice recovery and amylose content, on the other hand, varied from 84.83 to 94.68% and 16.51 to 22.21%, respectively. The stability analysis for head rice trait using genotype superiority, static stability, Wrickie ecovelance, Nassar and Huehn, AMMI stability value, and coefficient of variation stability analysis, revealed that hybrids G2, G13, G8, G16, G7, G9, G6, G17, and G18 were the most stable. For Amylose content, hybrids G7, G4, G19, G10, G5, G17, G3, G12 and G11 were significantly stable. Except for G5, all hybrids demonstrated stable performance in the multivariate stability analysis for head rice recovery. Similarly, hybrids G3, G4, G5, and G7 responded in minimum GE interaction in multivariate analysis for amylose content. This discovery can help breeders pick potential hybrids by identifying the physicochemical attribute expression that was examined in different conditions","PeriodicalId":10935,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, April 25, 2022","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76139123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.22.16.04.p3430
Jazmin Del Carmen de la Cruz Magaña, D. Sandri, S. Cajamarca, Daniel Fernando Salas Méndez, Jesus Manuel Perez Clara
This study aimed to assess the nutrient dynamics of raw and treated wastewater (RWW and WW) in constructed wetlands (CW) for the irrigation of ornamental sunflowers, compared to freshwater (Fw) in Red Yellow Latosol (RYL) with (OF) and without (WF) inorganic fertilization. The study was carried out from July 10th to October 2nd of 2019. Wastewater was applied in pots with 10 kg of RYL. The amount of salts in the RWW, influent and effluent of CW and UnS (Uncultivated System), were evaluated in eleven samples. The study also assessed the following: plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), number of leaves (NL), leaf area index (LAI), the inner diameter of the capitulum (IDc), the outer diameter of the capitulum (ODc), number of petals in the bud (NP), days after harvest (DAH), fresh phytomass in the aerial part (FPAP), dry phytomass in the aerial part (DPAP), fresh phytomass of the capitulum (FPc), dry phytomass of the capitulum (DPc), nutrient content in the aerial sunflower, and chemical composition in the RYL. The average removal efficiency of K+, Ca2+, and Fe in the CW was 34.33, 37.88, 39.82, and 45.40%, respectively. The PH (86.54 cm), SD (11.75 mm), NL (21), and LAI 3646.73 cm2) were higher in the WWOF treatment at 70 days after sowing. Treated wastewater without fertilization (WWWF) presented higher P, K, S, B, and Mn absorption. Freshwater with fertilization accumulated greater amounts of N, and WWOF accumulated greater amounts of Zn. Wastewater increased the P content and decreased K+ and Ca2+ in RYL. Irrigation with domestic WW in CW provided salts to the soil and increased the growth and quality of sunflowers irrigated with Fw
{"title":"Nutrient balance in a constructed wetland system using treated domestic wastewater on ornamental sunflower crops","authors":"Jazmin Del Carmen de la Cruz Magaña, D. Sandri, S. Cajamarca, Daniel Fernando Salas Méndez, Jesus Manuel Perez Clara","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.22.16.04.p3430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.22.16.04.p3430","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to assess the nutrient dynamics of raw and treated wastewater (RWW and WW) in constructed wetlands (CW) for the irrigation of ornamental sunflowers, compared to freshwater (Fw) in Red Yellow Latosol (RYL) with (OF) and without (WF) inorganic fertilization. The study was carried out from July 10th to October 2nd of 2019. Wastewater was applied in pots with 10 kg of RYL. The amount of salts in the RWW, influent and effluent of CW and UnS (Uncultivated System), were evaluated in eleven samples. The study also assessed the following: plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), number of leaves (NL), leaf area index (LAI), the inner diameter of the capitulum (IDc), the outer diameter of the capitulum (ODc), number of petals in the bud (NP), days after harvest (DAH), fresh phytomass in the aerial part (FPAP), dry phytomass in the aerial part (DPAP), fresh phytomass of the capitulum (FPc), dry phytomass of the capitulum (DPc), nutrient content in the aerial sunflower, and chemical composition in the RYL. The average removal efficiency of K+, Ca2+, and Fe in the CW was 34.33, 37.88, 39.82, and 45.40%, respectively. The PH (86.54 cm), SD (11.75 mm), NL (21), and LAI 3646.73 cm2) were higher in the WWOF treatment at 70 days after sowing. Treated wastewater without fertilization (WWWF) presented higher P, K, S, B, and Mn absorption. Freshwater with fertilization accumulated greater amounts of N, and WWOF accumulated greater amounts of Zn. Wastewater increased the P content and decreased K+ and Ca2+ in RYL. Irrigation with domestic WW in CW provided salts to the soil and increased the growth and quality of sunflowers irrigated with Fw","PeriodicalId":10935,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, April 25, 2022","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76309914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is a misconception that Japan is a monocultural and homogeneous country. The variety of social classes and the increasing rate of foreigners, repatriates and students living in Japan defies this assumption. However, disaster preparedness and communication strategies tend to simplify the problem of multicultural communication in disaster as a purely linguistic issue. This research examines the assumption by Japanese policymakers and media that all residents in the Japanese archipelago are equally equipped with the cultural background and basic knowledge of the ‘average Japanese’. The research questions were: ‘how do foreign residents living in Japan perceive disaster preparedness and communication strategies?’ and ‘what are the factors affecting their perceptions?’. Research findings suggest that the challenges faced by foreign residents go well beyond linguistic barriers and include cultural and social aspects that occur in their daily lives. This paper contributes to a better understanding of the perceived risks for foreign residents in Japan and suggests improvements in preparedness and communication strategies to minimise the vulnerabilities of communities in Japan.
{"title":"Disaster preparedness communication and perception of foreign residents in Kansai, Japan: a socio-cultural study","authors":"Irene Petraroli, Roger C. Baars","doi":"10.47389/37.281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47389/37.281","url":null,"abstract":"There is a misconception that Japan is a monocultural and homogeneous country. The variety of social classes and the increasing rate of foreigners, repatriates and students living in Japan defies this assumption. However, disaster preparedness and communication strategies tend to simplify the problem of multicultural communication in disaster as a purely linguistic issue. This research examines the assumption by Japanese policymakers and media that all residents in the Japanese archipelago are equally equipped with the cultural background and basic knowledge of the ‘average Japanese’. The research questions were: ‘how do foreign residents living in Japan perceive disaster preparedness and communication strategies?’ and ‘what are the factors affecting their perceptions?’. Research findings suggest that the challenges faced by foreign residents go well beyond linguistic barriers and include cultural and social aspects that occur in their daily lives. This paper contributes to a better understanding of the perceived risks for foreign residents in Japan and suggests improvements in preparedness and communication strategies to minimise the vulnerabilities of communities in Japan.","PeriodicalId":10935,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, April 25, 2022","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73182177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.22.16.04.p3137
Joycilene Teixeira do Nascimento, M. J. L. Medeiros, J. A. L. Júnior, H. Santos, P. D. D. Oliveira
The objective of this study was to evaluate the production and qualitative behavior of netted melon in a protected environment subjected to different soil water tensions and potassium doses, applied via fertigation. The experimental design was randomized blocks (RBD) in a 4 x 5 factorial scheme with 20 treatments and three replicates, consisting of five percentage doses of potassium (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200%) and four soil water tensions (15, 30, 45 and 60 kPa). The variables analyzed were average yield (t ha-1), transverse and longitudinal diameter of fruits (mm), pulp thickness (mm), °Brix (%) and pH. Yield and fruit longitudinal diameter were decreased linearly with the increase in soil water tension. The best result for yield and fruit longitudinal diameter of 51.24 t ha-1 and 127.7 mm were achieved, respectively, when irrigation performed at 15 kPa tension. The lowest value was found at the maximum tension (60 kPa). Regarding potassium doses, a quadratic model fitted to the data, with maximum values of yield and longitudinal diameter at the K2O doses of 235.30 and 232.82 kg ha-1, respectively. The interaction of T x K led to higher values of °Brix under 247.68 and 371.52 kg ha-1 of K2O with tension of 24.67 kPa, with no difference between both. The best result of fruit transverse diameter was observed under combination of 371.52 kg ha-1 of K2O and 15 kPa tension. Irrigation at tension of 15 kPa and K2O dose of 247.68 kg ha-1 can be indicated for the study conditions
本研究的目的是评价不同土壤水分张力和施钾量下网纹甜瓜在保护性环境下的产量和质量行为。试验设计采用4 × 5因子随机区(RBD)设计，共设20个处理和3个重复，包括5个百分比钾剂量(0、50、100、150和200%)和4个土壤水张力(15、30、45和60 kPa)。分析的变量为平均产量(t ha-1)、果实横径和纵径(mm)、果肉厚度(mm)、Brix度(%)和ph。产量和果实纵径随土壤水张力的增加呈线性降低。当灌溉压力为15 kPa时，产量和果实纵径分别达到51.24 t ha-1和127.7 mm。在最大张力(60 kPa)时，其值最小。对于钾剂量，数据符合二次模型，在K2O剂量下，产量和纵径分别在235.30和232.82 kg ha-1时达到最大值。当K2O浓度为247.68和371.52 kg ha-1，张力为24.67 kPa时，温度和K的相互作用导致了较高的Brix值，两者之间没有差异。结果表明，在K2O浓度为371.52 kg ha-1、张力为15 kPa的条件下，果实横径最大。在研究条件下，灌溉张力为15 kPa, K2O用量为247.68 kg ha-1
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