Pub Date : 2014-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808676
R. Blanchard, S. Williams, M. Bliss, M. Clowes, A. Mohammed, R. Pancholi
The increasing deployment of photovoltaic (PV) systems requires large numbers of skilled engineers with a greater understanding of all aspects of PV technology both theoretical and practical. Developing experimental rigs at universities is expensive and limited to students physically attending the university. One recent approach to increase access to laboratories is the development of remote experiments. Here students can control real experimental equipment using a visual interface via the Internet. In this paper we explore the development of a photovoltaic laboratory to enable users to access and remotely control experimental equipment based at Loughborough University, UK, from anywhere in the world.
{"title":"Educating the world: A remote experiment in photovoltaics","authors":"R. Blanchard, S. Williams, M. Bliss, M. Clowes, A. Mohammed, R. Pancholi","doi":"10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808676","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing deployment of photovoltaic (PV) systems requires large numbers of skilled engineers with a greater understanding of all aspects of PV technology both theoretical and practical. Developing experimental rigs at universities is expensive and limited to students physically attending the university. One recent approach to increase access to laboratories is the development of remote experiments. Here students can control real experimental equipment using a visual interface via the Internet. In this paper we explore the development of a photovoltaic laboratory to enable users to access and remotely control experimental equipment based at Loughborough University, UK, from anywhere in the world.","PeriodicalId":109404,"journal":{"name":"2014 1st International Conference on Non Conventional Energy (ICONCE 2014)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125537692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808685
P. Das
There are many places in our earth which is unknown and undiscovered for human beings. But nowadays capable and adaptable robots can explore areas too dangerous or costly for humans to visit. Using this robot with Hyperspectral Image Processing we can explore the geological structure of that place, minerals containing and other geographical data. For the movement of the robot we need energy and here we are taking solar energy as our energy source. Now the problem is how to use this energy for robot navigation, task decoding, mineral searching mechanism.
{"title":"Solar energy utilization for geographical exploration","authors":"P. Das","doi":"10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808685","url":null,"abstract":"There are many places in our earth which is unknown and undiscovered for human beings. But nowadays capable and adaptable robots can explore areas too dangerous or costly for humans to visit. Using this robot with Hyperspectral Image Processing we can explore the geological structure of that place, minerals containing and other geographical data. For the movement of the robot we need energy and here we are taking solar energy as our energy source. Now the problem is how to use this energy for robot navigation, task decoding, mineral searching mechanism.","PeriodicalId":109404,"journal":{"name":"2014 1st International Conference on Non Conventional Energy (ICONCE 2014)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128684845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808733
P. Mukherjee, Kamanashish Mondal, Gautam Tarafder
Present power system scenario reveals that it has some limitations, leaving behind a scope of improvement in this area. Maintaining a stable, cost-effective and secure operation of power system is therefore a very important and challenging issue. Power can be utilized economically by minimizing its reactive component. At present thysistor-switched capacitors and thyristor-controlled reactors are used as 'active compensators'. Apart from cost considerations, these suffer from constructional limitations and are not suitable for large power handling. Moreover, the triggering circuits used for such capacitors and reactors are quite complicated. However the present work attempts to overcome the above drawbacks and provides an improved system for effecting feedback and open loop control for compensation in power system, which comprises of (i) step down transformer (T), (ii) bipolar junction transistor (BJT) or MOSFET, vacuum triode or any electronic amplifier (Q1), (iii) coupling capacitor (Ce) connected to transformer (T), (iv)power frequency choke (Le), (v) AC 'biasing inductor (Lc) AC biasing resistors (R1) and. (R3), (vi) blocking capacitor (Cb), (vii) DC emitter feedback resistor (R2), (viii) AC bypass capacitor (Cc), and AC biasing capacitor (Cz), (ix) DC biasing resistors (Rb1) and (Rb2) and (x) regulated DC supply voltage source (Vcc).
{"title":"An improved method for effecting feedback and open loop control for reactive power compensation and its application on induction generator","authors":"P. Mukherjee, Kamanashish Mondal, Gautam Tarafder","doi":"10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808733","url":null,"abstract":"Present power system scenario reveals that it has some limitations, leaving behind a scope of improvement in this area. Maintaining a stable, cost-effective and secure operation of power system is therefore a very important and challenging issue. Power can be utilized economically by minimizing its reactive component. At present thysistor-switched capacitors and thyristor-controlled reactors are used as 'active compensators'. Apart from cost considerations, these suffer from constructional limitations and are not suitable for large power handling. Moreover, the triggering circuits used for such capacitors and reactors are quite complicated. However the present work attempts to overcome the above drawbacks and provides an improved system for effecting feedback and open loop control for compensation in power system, which comprises of (i) step down transformer (T), (ii) bipolar junction transistor (BJT) or MOSFET, vacuum triode or any electronic amplifier (Q1), (iii) coupling capacitor (Ce) connected to transformer (T), (iv)power frequency choke (Le), (v) AC 'biasing inductor (Lc) AC biasing resistors (R1) and. (R3), (vi) blocking capacitor (Cb), (vii) DC emitter feedback resistor (R2), (viii) AC bypass capacitor (Cc), and AC biasing capacitor (Cz), (ix) DC biasing resistors (Rb1) and (Rb2) and (x) regulated DC supply voltage source (Vcc).","PeriodicalId":109404,"journal":{"name":"2014 1st International Conference on Non Conventional Energy (ICONCE 2014)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121647315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808678
C. Singh, S. Bhattacharya, Nafis Ahmed, P. Bhargav
We report the effect of boron doping on optical and electrical properties of p-type a-Si:H films. The p-type a-Si:H thin films have been deposited by RF-PECVD system varying the diborane flow rate from 5 sccm to 9 sccm. Enhancement in deposition rate from 30.3 nm/min to 33.6 nm reported with increasing diborane gas flow rate. Change in band gap, refractive index and Urbach energy with varying doping level is studied. An increase in dark conductivity is reported with increasing boron concentration. Solar cells fabricated with 4.63% efficiency.
{"title":"Effect of boron doping on optical and electrical properties of p-type a-Si∶H films for thin film solar cells application","authors":"C. Singh, S. Bhattacharya, Nafis Ahmed, P. Bhargav","doi":"10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808678","url":null,"abstract":"We report the effect of boron doping on optical and electrical properties of p-type a-Si:H films. The p-type a-Si:H thin films have been deposited by RF-PECVD system varying the diborane flow rate from 5 sccm to 9 sccm. Enhancement in deposition rate from 30.3 nm/min to 33.6 nm reported with increasing diborane gas flow rate. Change in band gap, refractive index and Urbach energy with varying doping level is studied. An increase in dark conductivity is reported with increasing boron concentration. Solar cells fabricated with 4.63% efficiency.","PeriodicalId":109404,"journal":{"name":"2014 1st International Conference on Non Conventional Energy (ICONCE 2014)","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134071819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808682
D. Sinha, A. Das, Dipak Kr Dhak, Pradip Kr Sadhu
The photovoltaic source exhibits non linear V-I characteristics which depends on solar insolation and environment factors. The development of accurate circuit oriented model is essential to simulate. The equivalent circuit configuration of photovoltaic cells of solar system are discussed here considering environmental factors and their V-I characteristics are plotted. Also their performance for achieving maximum power is analyzed and presented. And the best suited circuit model is established.
{"title":"Equivalent circuit configuration for solar PV cell","authors":"D. Sinha, A. Das, Dipak Kr Dhak, Pradip Kr Sadhu","doi":"10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808682","url":null,"abstract":"The photovoltaic source exhibits non linear V-I characteristics which depends on solar insolation and environment factors. The development of accurate circuit oriented model is essential to simulate. The equivalent circuit configuration of photovoltaic cells of solar system are discussed here considering environmental factors and their V-I characteristics are plotted. Also their performance for achieving maximum power is analyzed and presented. And the best suited circuit model is established.","PeriodicalId":109404,"journal":{"name":"2014 1st International Conference on Non Conventional Energy (ICONCE 2014)","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132453111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808703
J. Biswas, R. Chowdhury, P. Bhattacharya
A significant demand of energy lies in the rural domestic sector where energy available from non-conventional sources may play an important role. Generation of biogas from cattle excreta, municipal wastes and other types of wastes are well established. Our present study deals with determination of the kinetic parameters taking carbohydrate, protein and fat as limiting substrate. The purpose of taking these particular substances as limiting substrates is that these constituents are the main contents of the substances used to generate biogas. The liquid medium of a running digester based on vegetable market wastes has been used as seed culture. Both acidogenic and methanogenic bacterial strains have been isolated from the broth. Growth kinetics of acidogenic bacteria have been determined using carbohydrate, protein and fat as limiting substrates. Kinetics of exponential growth of methanogenic bacteria using Volatile fatty acids and Long chain fatty acids as substrates has been worked out. In all cases, Monod type model has been observed to fit well with the experimental growth patterns.
{"title":"Determination of growth kinetics of isolated consortia for biogas generation","authors":"J. Biswas, R. Chowdhury, P. Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808703","url":null,"abstract":"A significant demand of energy lies in the rural domestic sector where energy available from non-conventional sources may play an important role. Generation of biogas from cattle excreta, municipal wastes and other types of wastes are well established. Our present study deals with determination of the kinetic parameters taking carbohydrate, protein and fat as limiting substrate. The purpose of taking these particular substances as limiting substrates is that these constituents are the main contents of the substances used to generate biogas. The liquid medium of a running digester based on vegetable market wastes has been used as seed culture. Both acidogenic and methanogenic bacterial strains have been isolated from the broth. Growth kinetics of acidogenic bacteria have been determined using carbohydrate, protein and fat as limiting substrates. Kinetics of exponential growth of methanogenic bacteria using Volatile fatty acids and Long chain fatty acids as substrates has been worked out. In all cases, Monod type model has been observed to fit well with the experimental growth patterns.","PeriodicalId":109404,"journal":{"name":"2014 1st International Conference on Non Conventional Energy (ICONCE 2014)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116193144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808739
A. Mukherjee, P. Roy
Optimal power flow with transient stability constraints (TSC-OPF) is a nonlinear semi-infinite optimization technique, and is difficult to be solved precisely even for a small dimension power system. In order to solve the TSC-OPF problem efficiently and successfully, a new optimization technique named Chemical Reaction Optimization (CRO) is proposed in this paper. CRO algorithm simulates the theory of chemical reactions that takes place between of one set of chemical substances to another. We have explained the basic philosophy of this method in detail. In this paper, we describe the comparison of other methods with CRO in solving 39 buses, 10 generator systems and it is seen that CRO method is very much efficient and reliable than the other popular methods to solve TSC-OPF problem.
{"title":"Chemical Reaction Optimization for solving transient stability constrained optimal power flow","authors":"A. Mukherjee, P. Roy","doi":"10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808739","url":null,"abstract":"Optimal power flow with transient stability constraints (TSC-OPF) is a nonlinear semi-infinite optimization technique, and is difficult to be solved precisely even for a small dimension power system. In order to solve the TSC-OPF problem efficiently and successfully, a new optimization technique named Chemical Reaction Optimization (CRO) is proposed in this paper. CRO algorithm simulates the theory of chemical reactions that takes place between of one set of chemical substances to another. We have explained the basic philosophy of this method in detail. In this paper, we describe the comparison of other methods with CRO in solving 39 buses, 10 generator systems and it is seen that CRO method is very much efficient and reliable than the other popular methods to solve TSC-OPF problem.","PeriodicalId":109404,"journal":{"name":"2014 1st International Conference on Non Conventional Energy (ICONCE 2014)","volume":"2017 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116470136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808695
M. Haque, M. Rahman, Md. Iqbal Bahar Chowdhury
Conventional models for the Current-voltage characteristics of solar cells use numerical approach owing to the inherent mathematical intractability. Although the numerical models estimate almost accurate results, the computational cost and time needed for these models is huge. These models also lack of physical insight. An analytical model is, therefore, necessary to resolve these issues. Based on the concept of the perturbation theory, an analytical approach has been proposed in this work to deduce the current-voltage characteristics of CdS/CdTe thin-film solar cells having lightly doped absorber layer. The proposed approach needs no fitting parameters and is computationally more efficient.
{"title":"Current-voltage characteristics of CdS/CIGS thin film solar cells: An analytical approach","authors":"M. Haque, M. Rahman, Md. Iqbal Bahar Chowdhury","doi":"10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808695","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional models for the Current-voltage characteristics of solar cells use numerical approach owing to the inherent mathematical intractability. Although the numerical models estimate almost accurate results, the computational cost and time needed for these models is huge. These models also lack of physical insight. An analytical model is, therefore, necessary to resolve these issues. Based on the concept of the perturbation theory, an analytical approach has been proposed in this work to deduce the current-voltage characteristics of CdS/CdTe thin-film solar cells having lightly doped absorber layer. The proposed approach needs no fitting parameters and is computationally more efficient.","PeriodicalId":109404,"journal":{"name":"2014 1st International Conference on Non Conventional Energy (ICONCE 2014)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129395270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808728
T. Chattopadhyay, Sumit Banerjee, C. K. Chanda
The paper presents voltage stability analysis of radial distribution networks under critical loading conditions without and with distributed generator (DG). A new voltage stability index is proposed for identifying the node, which is most sensitive to voltage collapse. The effectiveness of the proposed method without and with considering DG has been successfully tested on a 12.66 kV radial distribution network consisting of 33 nodes and the results are found to be in very good agreement.
{"title":"Impact of distributed generator on voltage stability analysis of distribution networks under critical loading conditions","authors":"T. Chattopadhyay, Sumit Banerjee, C. K. Chanda","doi":"10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808728","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents voltage stability analysis of radial distribution networks under critical loading conditions without and with distributed generator (DG). A new voltage stability index is proposed for identifying the node, which is most sensitive to voltage collapse. The effectiveness of the proposed method without and with considering DG has been successfully tested on a 12.66 kV radial distribution network consisting of 33 nodes and the results are found to be in very good agreement.","PeriodicalId":109404,"journal":{"name":"2014 1st International Conference on Non Conventional Energy (ICONCE 2014)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128430715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808701
A. Pollard, R. Blanchard
Municipal solid waste (MSW) is a global problem. Four processes for treatment include landfilling, incineration, recycling and composting the organic fraction. Landfilling can cause the release of the potent greenhouse gas methane into the atmosphere. In many parts of the world, including the European Union, legislation to limit the amount of generated Organic Fraction Municipal Solid Wastes (OFMSW) going to landfill has been introduced. An alternative to landfilling is to anaerobically digest the OFMSW. This paper investigates the concept of a Hybrid Biomass System (HBS) consisting of solar thermal Flat Plat Collector (FPC) providing heat energy to the thermophilic (55°C) anaerobic digestion process, and the potential energy yield of hotel OFMSW in Kolkata. The methodology comprises development and assessment of a theoretical model representing the anaerobic digestion process for optimum biogas yield and TRNSYS simulation of a 5m2 and 10m2 FPC. Theoretical biogas production rates derived are 0.44m3/kgVS or 0.21m3 biogas/guest/day with a C/N ratio of 35:1. 5m2 and 10m2 FPC simulations maintained the thermophilic temperature of 55°C within -1.9 and +2.1. 10m2 FPC provides largest energy contribution at 11% of the annual energy requirement. In is concluded that FPCs can support thermophilic digester heating requirements with heat store or direct integration. In order to meet optimum biogas yield, legislation and policy is required to evolve the current waste management processes with emphasis on infrastructure development and source segregation.
{"title":"A hybrid biogas system for Kolkata","authors":"A. Pollard, R. Blanchard","doi":"10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808701","url":null,"abstract":"Municipal solid waste (MSW) is a global problem. Four processes for treatment include landfilling, incineration, recycling and composting the organic fraction. Landfilling can cause the release of the potent greenhouse gas methane into the atmosphere. In many parts of the world, including the European Union, legislation to limit the amount of generated Organic Fraction Municipal Solid Wastes (OFMSW) going to landfill has been introduced. An alternative to landfilling is to anaerobically digest the OFMSW. This paper investigates the concept of a Hybrid Biomass System (HBS) consisting of solar thermal Flat Plat Collector (FPC) providing heat energy to the thermophilic (55°C) anaerobic digestion process, and the potential energy yield of hotel OFMSW in Kolkata. The methodology comprises development and assessment of a theoretical model representing the anaerobic digestion process for optimum biogas yield and TRNSYS simulation of a 5m2 and 10m2 FPC. Theoretical biogas production rates derived are 0.44m3/kgVS or 0.21m3 biogas/guest/day with a C/N ratio of 35:1. 5m2 and 10m2 FPC simulations maintained the thermophilic temperature of 55°C within -1.9 and +2.1. 10m2 FPC provides largest energy contribution at 11% of the annual energy requirement. In is concluded that FPCs can support thermophilic digester heating requirements with heat store or direct integration. In order to meet optimum biogas yield, legislation and policy is required to evolve the current waste management processes with emphasis on infrastructure development and source segregation.","PeriodicalId":109404,"journal":{"name":"2014 1st International Conference on Non Conventional Energy (ICONCE 2014)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130594818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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