Pub Date : 2014-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808696
B. Tudu, K. Mandal, N. Chakraborty
This paper presents the design and optimal sizing of a grid independent hybrid energy system consisting of micro hydro, solar, wind and fuel cell for catering a specific load. The optimal sizing is obtained using a comparatively new optimization technique called Bees algorithm (BA) and the performance of the algorithm is compared with an established meta-heuristic techniques called particle swarm optimization (PSO) and also the system performance is evaluated in terms of the cost of the system. For obtaining the optimal sizing, net present cost (NPC) of the system has been considered. The system is designed such a way that the maximum utilization of the resources and carbon free electricity can be achieved. Keeping in mind this aspect, apart from renewable resources, electrolyser is introduced for production of hydrogen utilizing the excess power. It is observed that the system is quite feasible in meeting the load and in terms of cost of energy and also observed that though both the algorithms are capable of giving global solution, but Particle swarm optimization is fast in reaching optimal solution and takes less CPU time as compared to Bees algorithm.
{"title":"Optimal design and performance evaluation of a grid independent hybrid micro hydro-solar-wind-fuel cell energy system using meta-heuristic techniques","authors":"B. Tudu, K. Mandal, N. Chakraborty","doi":"10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808696","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design and optimal sizing of a grid independent hybrid energy system consisting of micro hydro, solar, wind and fuel cell for catering a specific load. The optimal sizing is obtained using a comparatively new optimization technique called Bees algorithm (BA) and the performance of the algorithm is compared with an established meta-heuristic techniques called particle swarm optimization (PSO) and also the system performance is evaluated in terms of the cost of the system. For obtaining the optimal sizing, net present cost (NPC) of the system has been considered. The system is designed such a way that the maximum utilization of the resources and carbon free electricity can be achieved. Keeping in mind this aspect, apart from renewable resources, electrolyser is introduced for production of hydrogen utilizing the excess power. It is observed that the system is quite feasible in meeting the load and in terms of cost of energy and also observed that though both the algorithms are capable of giving global solution, but Particle swarm optimization is fast in reaching optimal solution and takes less CPU time as compared to Bees algorithm.","PeriodicalId":109404,"journal":{"name":"2014 1st International Conference on Non Conventional Energy (ICONCE 2014)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132208841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808723
H. Pramanik, V. Jain, A. K. Rathoure, P. V. K. Srikanth
This paper presents development of conceptual design model of membraneless microfluidic methanol fuel cell system for portable device application. Direct-methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is an alternative source of energy. It has more energy density than gaseous fuels. Fuel cell operating under alkaline conditions has positive effects on the reaction kinetics both at the anode and cathode, while the cell performance under “mixed-media” conditions offers an opportunity to increase the maximum achievable open cell voltage (OCV). Although methanol microfluidic fuel has many disadvantages they can be minimized in changing the device parameters and using appropriate catalyst.
{"title":"Electrooxidation study of methanol in a laminar flow membraneless microfluidic fuel cell-a review","authors":"H. Pramanik, V. Jain, A. K. Rathoure, P. V. K. Srikanth","doi":"10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808723","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents development of conceptual design model of membraneless microfluidic methanol fuel cell system for portable device application. Direct-methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is an alternative source of energy. It has more energy density than gaseous fuels. Fuel cell operating under alkaline conditions has positive effects on the reaction kinetics both at the anode and cathode, while the cell performance under “mixed-media” conditions offers an opportunity to increase the maximum achievable open cell voltage (OCV). Although methanol microfluidic fuel has many disadvantages they can be minimized in changing the device parameters and using appropriate catalyst.","PeriodicalId":109404,"journal":{"name":"2014 1st International Conference on Non Conventional Energy (ICONCE 2014)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133469072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808687
Priyanjana Sharma, Nitesh Malhotra
In this advancing era of technology we are more concerned about the advancements made in technology rather than thinking upon the alternative sources of energy. Energy costs and decreasing supplies of fossil fuels, emphasis on protecting the environment and creating sustainable forms of power have become vital, high priority projects for modern society. Since, as solar energy which is also considered a renewable form of energy can be used to offset some of the power coming from the main grid that is generated by let us say nonrenewable sources of energy. And creating these renewable sources in such a way that these provide us with the maximum efficiency is our main goal. This paper proposes a solar tracking system designed with microcontroller and ldr's that will actively track the sun and change its position accordingly to maximize the energy output. The ldr's incorporated on solar panel helps to detect sunlight which in turn moves the panel accordingly.
{"title":"Solar tracking system using microcontroller","authors":"Priyanjana Sharma, Nitesh Malhotra","doi":"10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808687","url":null,"abstract":"In this advancing era of technology we are more concerned about the advancements made in technology rather than thinking upon the alternative sources of energy. Energy costs and decreasing supplies of fossil fuels, emphasis on protecting the environment and creating sustainable forms of power have become vital, high priority projects for modern society. Since, as solar energy which is also considered a renewable form of energy can be used to offset some of the power coming from the main grid that is generated by let us say nonrenewable sources of energy. And creating these renewable sources in such a way that these provide us with the maximum efficiency is our main goal. This paper proposes a solar tracking system designed with microcontroller and ldr's that will actively track the sun and change its position accordingly to maximize the energy output. The ldr's incorporated on solar panel helps to detect sunlight which in turn moves the panel accordingly.","PeriodicalId":109404,"journal":{"name":"2014 1st International Conference on Non Conventional Energy (ICONCE 2014)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114434265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808725
R. Bhattacharyya, Sandhyatara Saha
In eastern India use of shading devices (with or without glazing) is desirable, as this zone predominantly suffers from hot and humid climate and high solar radiation. There are scanty literature on the subject of the effect of shading devices of variety of materials and design and orientations on the building internal spaces. Therefore, further research is required to investigate the effect of location of window or opening on the indoor thermal condition with respect to the orientation of the building or room irrespective of design criteria. This paper discusses about the window size and location to be used in residential buildings. The study presented in this paper evaluates the optimal internal sunlight penetration through windows for different locations and orientation of residential building during the overheating and high humid periods. The effect of various locations of windows to reduce the required cooling loads and thermal performance considering the use of best shading devices is presented through simulation. This study also compares its simulation data for the proposed building height to the height recommended by National Building Code of India. The main aim of this work is to assess different thermal condition created by different locations of windows and the reduction percentage of cooling loads through the selected optimum location of window. The outcomes of this research will reduce the efforts in planning and designing residential building by practicing architects and engineers in regions with hot and humid climatic characteristics.
{"title":"Thermal comfort inside residential building with varying window locations and size","authors":"R. Bhattacharyya, Sandhyatara Saha","doi":"10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808725","url":null,"abstract":"In eastern India use of shading devices (with or without glazing) is desirable, as this zone predominantly suffers from hot and humid climate and high solar radiation. There are scanty literature on the subject of the effect of shading devices of variety of materials and design and orientations on the building internal spaces. Therefore, further research is required to investigate the effect of location of window or opening on the indoor thermal condition with respect to the orientation of the building or room irrespective of design criteria. This paper discusses about the window size and location to be used in residential buildings. The study presented in this paper evaluates the optimal internal sunlight penetration through windows for different locations and orientation of residential building during the overheating and high humid periods. The effect of various locations of windows to reduce the required cooling loads and thermal performance considering the use of best shading devices is presented through simulation. This study also compares its simulation data for the proposed building height to the height recommended by National Building Code of India. The main aim of this work is to assess different thermal condition created by different locations of windows and the reduction percentage of cooling loads through the selected optimum location of window. The outcomes of this research will reduce the efforts in planning and designing residential building by practicing architects and engineers in regions with hot and humid climatic characteristics.","PeriodicalId":109404,"journal":{"name":"2014 1st International Conference on Non Conventional Energy (ICONCE 2014)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121448311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808698
S. Saha, S. Biswas, Suparna Pal
India has now become one of the fastest growing countries in the third world. To feed this huge development in the sphere of science, technology, industry, urbanization and so on, our country is in dire necessity of instant maximization of power generation. As the present situation regarding the traditional fossil fuels is not very illuminating, our only hope lies in the exploration of unconventional energy resources to seek for a self independent and stable future in energy production. India is the 7th largest country in the world spanning 328 million hectares and amply bestowed with renewable sources of energy. Among the renewable energy sources, biomass plays a vital role especially in rural areas, as it constitutes the primary energy source to the majority of households in India. Biomass is biological material derived from living, or recently living organisms. As an energy source, biomass can either be used directly via combustion to produce heat, or indirectly after converting it to various forms of biofuel. In The present condition of Indian economic development bio mass energy is taking up a significant share in the total energy production of our country. Apart from the economic and social aspects it is also safer and helps to maintain ecological balance by reducing harmful emissions and purifying the environment. Moreover the technological aspect of this energy ensures a complete control over need based energy production and thus reduces the production cost. This versatile energy resource is very rapidly emerging as one of the indispensible energy resources in the fast developing country like ours. In spite of this the current share of biomass energy in the total energy generation is extremely low. The lacuna in information circulation, general awareness, infrastructure, policy making, lack of motivation, transparency, proper knowledge and effective mechanism- all these are leading towards a slow progression in this field. However these problems can be overcome through a huge awareness campaigning, planned maintenance, infrastructural development and technological advancement. It is our sincere efforts and proper will power that will lead this to a complete success. This paper is highly enlightening about the necessity of encouraging biomass energy generation, the problems and hindrances resisting its success and the probable solutions in this regard.
{"title":"Survey analysis, scope and application of biomass energy in India","authors":"S. Saha, S. Biswas, Suparna Pal","doi":"10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808698","url":null,"abstract":"India has now become one of the fastest growing countries in the third world. To feed this huge development in the sphere of science, technology, industry, urbanization and so on, our country is in dire necessity of instant maximization of power generation. As the present situation regarding the traditional fossil fuels is not very illuminating, our only hope lies in the exploration of unconventional energy resources to seek for a self independent and stable future in energy production. India is the 7th largest country in the world spanning 328 million hectares and amply bestowed with renewable sources of energy. Among the renewable energy sources, biomass plays a vital role especially in rural areas, as it constitutes the primary energy source to the majority of households in India. Biomass is biological material derived from living, or recently living organisms. As an energy source, biomass can either be used directly via combustion to produce heat, or indirectly after converting it to various forms of biofuel. In The present condition of Indian economic development bio mass energy is taking up a significant share in the total energy production of our country. Apart from the economic and social aspects it is also safer and helps to maintain ecological balance by reducing harmful emissions and purifying the environment. Moreover the technological aspect of this energy ensures a complete control over need based energy production and thus reduces the production cost. This versatile energy resource is very rapidly emerging as one of the indispensible energy resources in the fast developing country like ours. In spite of this the current share of biomass energy in the total energy generation is extremely low. The lacuna in information circulation, general awareness, infrastructure, policy making, lack of motivation, transparency, proper knowledge and effective mechanism- all these are leading towards a slow progression in this field. However these problems can be overcome through a huge awareness campaigning, planned maintenance, infrastructural development and technological advancement. It is our sincere efforts and proper will power that will lead this to a complete success. This paper is highly enlightening about the necessity of encouraging biomass energy generation, the problems and hindrances resisting its success and the probable solutions in this regard.","PeriodicalId":109404,"journal":{"name":"2014 1st International Conference on Non Conventional Energy (ICONCE 2014)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128997842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808734
V. Vaishampayan, Adithya Vangari, Jaydeep V Shah
Due to the rapid increase in global energy consumption and the diminishing of fossil fuels, the customer demand for new generation capacities and efficient energy production, delivery and utilization keeps rising. Utilizing distributed generation, and energy storage can potentially solve such problems as energy shortage and global warming. Especially Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM). Fuel Cell and Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) have been considered as the top candidate as compared to other fuel cells because of various factor such as enhanced efficiency, negligible emission, high reliability and simple construction. PEMFC & SOFC can be used to bridge the gap between the rapidly increasing demand and the unavailability of resources to sustain them. In this paper we are focusing on cost reduction technology and the contamination issues of Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cell and Solid Oxide Fuel Cell.
{"title":"Challenges and opportunities of affordable Fuel Cell for distributed generation","authors":"V. Vaishampayan, Adithya Vangari, Jaydeep V Shah","doi":"10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808734","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the rapid increase in global energy consumption and the diminishing of fossil fuels, the customer demand for new generation capacities and efficient energy production, delivery and utilization keeps rising. Utilizing distributed generation, and energy storage can potentially solve such problems as energy shortage and global warming. Especially Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM). Fuel Cell and Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) have been considered as the top candidate as compared to other fuel cells because of various factor such as enhanced efficiency, negligible emission, high reliability and simple construction. PEMFC & SOFC can be used to bridge the gap between the rapidly increasing demand and the unavailability of resources to sustain them. In this paper we are focusing on cost reduction technology and the contamination issues of Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cell and Solid Oxide Fuel Cell.","PeriodicalId":109404,"journal":{"name":"2014 1st International Conference on Non Conventional Energy (ICONCE 2014)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128728421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808740
Sayan Chakrabarty, A. Pal, N. Dey, Debarati Das, S. Acharjee
Image segmentation is a crucial and significant concept for people interested in image processing. The scope of image segmentation is immense. Enormous amount of work has been done to develop accurate techniques in image segmentation. Several techniques like k-means clustering, watershed segmentation and quad tree segmentation have been devised for proper segmentation of images into well-defined classes. Thresholding, edge detection, clustering and region growing are some popular techniques used to segment images as per requirements. The main objective of image segmentation is to attain a highly accurate segmented image. Segmentation is a vital penultimate or final stage process in any image processing application. Unfortunately, image segmentation techniques of the yesteryears come with their drawbacks each imposing a limitation leading to inaccuracy. In our paper we have proposed a novel segmentation technique that is bio-inspired from the behavioral nature of monarch butterflies and is hence called the Monarch Butterfly Algorithm (MBA). The proposed method is extremely accurate and has an added advantage of automatic classification of the image into classes. To prove the supremacy of our algorithm over other proposed algorithms, we have done a comparison with two extremely popular segmentation techniques, watershed segmentation and K-means clustering. We have used our proposed technique on segmentation of satellite images. Segmentation of these images helps in identification and computation of land cover area, area covered by water bodies, foliage cover area etc. Detection and computation of foliage cover area can be further used for study on biomass.
{"title":"Foliage area computation using Monarch Butterfly Algorithm","authors":"Sayan Chakrabarty, A. Pal, N. Dey, Debarati Das, S. Acharjee","doi":"10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808740","url":null,"abstract":"Image segmentation is a crucial and significant concept for people interested in image processing. The scope of image segmentation is immense. Enormous amount of work has been done to develop accurate techniques in image segmentation. Several techniques like k-means clustering, watershed segmentation and quad tree segmentation have been devised for proper segmentation of images into well-defined classes. Thresholding, edge detection, clustering and region growing are some popular techniques used to segment images as per requirements. The main objective of image segmentation is to attain a highly accurate segmented image. Segmentation is a vital penultimate or final stage process in any image processing application. Unfortunately, image segmentation techniques of the yesteryears come with their drawbacks each imposing a limitation leading to inaccuracy. In our paper we have proposed a novel segmentation technique that is bio-inspired from the behavioral nature of monarch butterflies and is hence called the Monarch Butterfly Algorithm (MBA). The proposed method is extremely accurate and has an added advantage of automatic classification of the image into classes. To prove the supremacy of our algorithm over other proposed algorithms, we have done a comparison with two extremely popular segmentation techniques, watershed segmentation and K-means clustering. We have used our proposed technique on segmentation of satellite images. Segmentation of these images helps in identification and computation of land cover area, area covered by water bodies, foliage cover area etc. Detection and computation of foliage cover area can be further used for study on biomass.","PeriodicalId":109404,"journal":{"name":"2014 1st International Conference on Non Conventional Energy (ICONCE 2014)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125323140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808735
R. Bhattacharjee
Switched reluctance motor (SRM) is being used by many automotive companies around the world as the drive motor for EV(Electric Vehicle) and HEV(Hybrid electric vehicle) applications Torque pulsations are inherent in SRMs due to the doubly salient structure of the machine and its sequential excitation. Minimized torque ripple design of a SRM in a EV will certainly led to a comfortable drive. Torque ripple in SRM is simulated utilizing both the bulk saturation model as well as the complete model, considering the local saturation in addition to the bulk saturation and a comparison of these two methods is presented. A novel method of torque ripple reduction that can be used is also presented. It is based on the optimal current profiling technique. But instead of phase current, unsaturated current obtained from phase current minus current required to overcome saturation is compared with current from static torque-unsaturated current-rotor position data table as reference which was generated using torque linearization and decoupling technique and the error is used to minimize the torque ripple.
{"title":"Switched reluctance motor applications to EV and HEV: Torque control issues","authors":"R. Bhattacharjee","doi":"10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICONCE.2014.6808735","url":null,"abstract":"Switched reluctance motor (SRM) is being used by many automotive companies around the world as the drive motor for EV(Electric Vehicle) and HEV(Hybrid electric vehicle) applications Torque pulsations are inherent in SRMs due to the doubly salient structure of the machine and its sequential excitation. Minimized torque ripple design of a SRM in a EV will certainly led to a comfortable drive. Torque ripple in SRM is simulated utilizing both the bulk saturation model as well as the complete model, considering the local saturation in addition to the bulk saturation and a comparison of these two methods is presented. A novel method of torque ripple reduction that can be used is also presented. It is based on the optimal current profiling technique. But instead of phase current, unsaturated current obtained from phase current minus current required to overcome saturation is compared with current from static torque-unsaturated current-rotor position data table as reference which was generated using torque linearization and decoupling technique and the error is used to minimize the torque ripple.","PeriodicalId":109404,"journal":{"name":"2014 1st International Conference on Non Conventional Energy (ICONCE 2014)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128790771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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