Sonia Angeline M, Challaraj Emmanuel ES, Ramtovan Nonglait, Balahuling Suting
Antimicrobial and Antioxidant activity of Fermented Bamboo Shoot Dendrocalamus hamiltonii
{"title":"Antimicrobial and Antioxidant activity of Fermented Bamboo Shoot Dendrocalamus hamiltonii","authors":"Sonia Angeline M, Challaraj Emmanuel ES, Ramtovan Nonglait, Balahuling Suting","doi":"10.5530/ctbp.2021.3s.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ctbp.2021.3s.36","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial and Antioxidant activity of Fermented Bamboo Shoot Dendrocalamus hamiltonii","PeriodicalId":10980,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48452397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A silver lining of late has been the witnessing of the real-time results of diplomatic relations in various areas including science technology innovation and especially vaccine development. A global problem calls for a joint action by participating countries to pool their resources together and find a solution the benefits of which reach beyond several borders. A well grounded international relation among countries in these times of pandemic needs to be further strengthened not just for the development of more potent vaccines but also for cementing ties in the areas of biotechnological or scientific advancements. The history is witness to the fact that such efforts have also provided an opportunity to look closer and deeper into the strategies that have not worked optimally in the past. Such a critical look at the performances in the desired areas at international level almost always delivers a better focused pragmatic solution. Emerging from several rounds of cross-border discussions and deliberations, the diplomatic exercises have already begun to bear fruits. The comity of nations is a more coherent whole today the proof of which is evident enough on multiple fronts of global public health.
{"title":"Science Diplomacy: Revisiting a New Health Paradigm in Manoeuvring the Pandemic","authors":"M. Mazumdar, M. Rahman, Prasanna Nk","doi":"10.5530/CTBP.2021.3.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/CTBP.2021.3.33","url":null,"abstract":"A silver lining of late has been the witnessing of the real-time results of diplomatic relations in various areas including science technology innovation and especially vaccine development. A global problem calls for a joint action by participating countries to pool their resources together and find a solution the benefits of which reach beyond several borders. A well grounded international relation among countries in these times of pandemic needs to be further strengthened not just for the development of more potent vaccines but also for cementing ties in the areas of biotechnological or scientific advancements. The history is witness to the fact that such efforts have also provided an opportunity to look closer and deeper into the strategies that have not worked optimally in the past. Such a critical look at the performances in the desired areas at international level almost always delivers a better focused pragmatic solution. Emerging from several rounds of cross-border discussions and deliberations, the diplomatic exercises have already begun to bear fruits. The comity of nations is a more coherent whole today the proof of which is evident enough on multiple fronts of global public health.","PeriodicalId":10980,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy","volume":"15 1","pages":"325-329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41398568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Exposure of renal epithelial cells to Calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals leads to cellular injury and play a significant role in the formation of kidney stones. Additionally, lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids further accelerates the generation and progression of the disease. Availability of safe and effective treatment of the disease is the need of hour. The objective of this research work was to evaluate the impact of hydro-alcoholic extract of Ocimum sanctum leaves on renal epithelial cell injury, oxidative stress and wound healing. Renal epithelial cells (Vero cells) were exposed to Calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals to cause injury and then injured cells were treated with Ocimum sanctum extract. Cell viability of the treated group was compared against control using MTT assay. Antioxidant potential was evaluated using malondialdehyde content as biomarker. Wound healing potential was evaluated using scratch assay. A significant increase in cell viability and wound closure rate was observed in the treated group compared to that in control group was observed. We observed reduced malondialdehyde content in the treated group as compared with control. It can be concluded that hydro-alcoholic extract of leaves of Ocimum sanctum possesses strong cytoprotective, antioxidant and wound healing potential and can be effective in the prevention and treatment of kidney stones.
{"title":"Evaluation of In-vitro Cytoprotective, Wound Healing and Antioxidant Effects of Ocimum sanctum Leaf ExtractChetna","authors":"Chetna Faujdar, Priyadarshini","doi":"10.5530/CTBP.2021.3.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/CTBP.2021.3.27","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure of renal epithelial cells to Calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals leads to cellular injury and play a significant role in the formation of kidney stones. Additionally, lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids further accelerates the generation and progression of the disease. Availability of safe and effective treatment of the disease is the need of hour. The objective of this research work was to evaluate the impact of hydro-alcoholic extract of Ocimum sanctum leaves on renal epithelial cell injury, oxidative stress and wound healing. Renal epithelial cells (Vero cells) were exposed to Calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals to cause injury and then injured cells were treated with Ocimum sanctum extract. Cell viability of the treated group was compared against control using MTT assay. Antioxidant potential was evaluated using malondialdehyde content as biomarker. Wound healing potential was evaluated using scratch assay. A significant increase in cell viability and wound closure rate was observed in the treated group compared to that in control group was observed. We observed reduced malondialdehyde content in the treated group as compared with control. It can be concluded that hydro-alcoholic extract of leaves of Ocimum sanctum possesses strong cytoprotective, antioxidant and wound healing potential and can be effective in the prevention and treatment of kidney stones.","PeriodicalId":10980,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy","volume":"15 1","pages":"248-255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46481728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Molecular pharming is a process in which different biopharmaceuticals are produced from genetically modified organisms (GMOs) such as microbes, transgenic animals (TAs) and transgenic plants (TPs). Out of these, transgenic plants are more advantageous as they are safer, cheaper and they do not require cold storage systems. The advent of the biotechnological arena have paved the way to transform genetic material to host organisms such as plants, thereby to produce recombinant proteins (RPs) in a large scale. It could be observed that the current techniques used to produce pharmaceuticals are not much safer and they are not affordable by developing countries. Therefore the production of RP by molecular pharming is essential. Current demand for RPs is increasing rapidly for diagnosis and pharmaceutical purposes, while scientists have developed edible vaccines and drugs for certain diseases. Currently new approaches are been carried out to develop vaccines against deadly diseases such as Dengue and Ebola using molecular pharming. Therefore molecular pharming have generated new hopes in the minds of the suffering population with these deadly diseases.
{"title":"Molecular Pharming: A New Approach for a Healthy Future by a Vast Development in the Pharmaceutical Industry","authors":"Suhashini Marian Silva Sp, K. Siridewa","doi":"10.5530/CTBP.2021.3.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/CTBP.2021.3.32","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular pharming is a process in which different biopharmaceuticals are produced from genetically modified organisms (GMOs) such as microbes, transgenic animals (TAs) and transgenic plants (TPs). Out of these, transgenic plants are more advantageous as they are safer, cheaper and they do not require cold storage systems. The advent of the biotechnological arena have paved the way to transform genetic material to host organisms such as plants, thereby to produce recombinant proteins (RPs) in a large scale. It could be observed that the current techniques used to produce pharmaceuticals are not much safer and they are not affordable by developing countries. Therefore the production of RP by molecular pharming is essential. Current demand for RPs is increasing rapidly for diagnosis and pharmaceutical purposes, while scientists have developed edible vaccines and drugs for certain diseases. Currently new approaches are been carried out to develop vaccines against deadly diseases such as Dengue and Ebola using molecular pharming. Therefore molecular pharming have generated new hopes in the minds of the suffering population with these deadly diseases.","PeriodicalId":10980,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy","volume":"15 1","pages":"315-324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47640400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Evaluation of pharmacodynamic interaction between Berberine and antibacterial drug (Azithromycin) in Wistar rats. Method: The study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial and antitubercular activities of a combination of berberine and azithromycin against microorganisms (E. coli, S. aureus) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis by using Alamar Blue Assay respectively. The compatibility and hepatoprotective activities of Berberine were also carried out against the azithromycin-induced hepatotoxicity rat model. Result: The combination of berberine and azithromycin does not show any compatibility with a single-drug investigated by the Rf value, and synergistic effect against S. aureus and E. coli represented a significant zone of inhibition. Azithromycin showed in-vitro antitubercular activity at all concentrations, and berberine at 6.25μg/ml. Berberine and azithromycin co-administered for 28 days result in increased body weight, albumin level, total protein, and decreased serum transaminase, alkaline phosphatases, and total bilirubin significantly. Conclusion: The combination of berberine and azithromycin does not show physical interaction, results in no alteration in the drug absorption, and showed antibacterial activity. Phytoconstituents showed antitubercular activity at different concentrations. The hepatoprotective action of berberine was proven by the evaluation of biomarkers of liver and body weight. Histopathological reports of the liver revealed that herbal mixture improves hepatocellular vacuolation and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Finally, based on in-vivo studies concluded that combination showed increased hepatoprotective activity in comparison to individual herbal drug.
{"title":"Evaluation of Pharmacodynamic Interaction Between Berberine and Antibacterial Drug (Azithromycin) in Albino Wistar Rats","authors":"Suchita Gupta, Reena Gupta, J. Gupta","doi":"10.5530/CTBP.2021.3.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/CTBP.2021.3.28","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Evaluation of pharmacodynamic interaction between Berberine and antibacterial drug (Azithromycin) in Wistar rats. \u0000Method: The study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial and antitubercular activities of a combination of berberine and azithromycin against microorganisms (E. coli, S. aureus) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis by using Alamar Blue Assay respectively. The compatibility and hepatoprotective activities of Berberine were also carried out against the azithromycin-induced hepatotoxicity rat model. \u0000Result: The combination of berberine and azithromycin does not show any compatibility with a single-drug investigated by the Rf value, and synergistic effect against S. aureus and E. coli represented a significant zone of inhibition. Azithromycin showed in-vitro antitubercular activity at all concentrations, and berberine at 6.25μg/ml. Berberine and azithromycin co-administered for 28 days result in increased body weight, albumin level, total protein, and decreased serum transaminase, alkaline phosphatases, and total bilirubin significantly. \u0000Conclusion: The combination of berberine and azithromycin does not show physical interaction, results in no alteration in the drug absorption, and showed antibacterial activity. Phytoconstituents showed antitubercular activity at different concentrations. The hepatoprotective action of berberine was proven by the evaluation of biomarkers of liver and body weight. Histopathological reports of the liver revealed that herbal mixture improves hepatocellular vacuolation and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Finally, based on in-vivo studies concluded that combination showed increased hepatoprotective activity in comparison to individual herbal drug.","PeriodicalId":10980,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy","volume":"15 1","pages":"256-267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42111691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Moringa oleifera is the most commonly cultivated species of the Moringaceae family. It has high nutritional value and a remarkable range of therapeutic uses. Every plant part is beneficial in many ways including medicinal uses. The present study aimed to investigate the presence of various phytochemicals and bioactive compounds from flowers and leaves and to check its effect on lifespan extension of Caenorhabditis elegans. InitiaM. oleiferal phytochemical screening of flowers and leaves methanolic extracts estimated the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and vitamin C. Further quantitative analysis revealed a considerable concentration of phenols, vitamin C, and flavonoids. The plant extracts also showed in vitro antioxidant activity through DPPH, FRAP, and reducing power assay. TLC analysis was performed for the optimization of a specific solvent system suitable for the separation of various compounds. The characterization performed by UV absorption, GC-MS and FTIR revealed the presence of palmitic acid, linolenic acid, and linoleic acid. Moreover, the in vivo life-span assay was carried out on C. elegans. M. oleifera extracts were applied to C. elegans to investigate its anti-aging potential. The extracts were applied to N2 wild-type worms in different concentrations such as 10μg/ml, 20μg/ml, and 40μg/ml. Treatment with plant extracts showed an increase in lifespan from 2 to 8 days. The effect of Moringa on C. elegans proved its antiaging potential and the compounds characterized have potential antioxidant activities that can be further purified and used in pharmaceuticals.
{"title":"Extraction, Screening, and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds from Moringa oleifera: Extends Life-span of Caenorhabditis elegans","authors":"A. Chauhan, Dhruvan Patel, Jatin D Pate, N. Singh","doi":"10.5530/CTBP.2021.3.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/CTBP.2021.3.30","url":null,"abstract":"Moringa oleifera is the most commonly cultivated species of the Moringaceae family. It has high nutritional value and a remarkable range of therapeutic uses. Every plant part is beneficial in many ways including medicinal uses. The present study aimed to investigate the presence of various phytochemicals and bioactive compounds from flowers and leaves and to check its effect on lifespan extension of Caenorhabditis elegans. InitiaM. oleiferal phytochemical screening of flowers and leaves methanolic extracts estimated the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and vitamin C. Further quantitative analysis revealed a considerable concentration of phenols, vitamin C, and flavonoids. The plant extracts also showed in vitro antioxidant activity through DPPH, FRAP, and reducing power assay. TLC analysis was performed for the optimization of a specific solvent system suitable for the separation of various compounds. The characterization performed by UV absorption, GC-MS and FTIR revealed the presence of palmitic acid, linolenic acid, and linoleic acid. Moreover, the in vivo life-span assay was carried out on C. elegans. M. oleifera extracts were applied to C. elegans to investigate its anti-aging potential. The extracts were applied to N2 wild-type worms in different concentrations such as 10μg/ml, 20μg/ml, and 40μg/ml. Treatment with plant extracts showed an increase in lifespan from 2 to 8 days. The effect of Moringa on C. elegans proved its antiaging potential and the compounds characterized have potential antioxidant activities that can be further purified and used in pharmaceuticals.","PeriodicalId":10980,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy","volume":"15 1","pages":"282-298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45464734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current study aimed to evaluate the phytotoxicity of tetracycline and amoxicillin on Vigna radiata and its remediation potential in hydroponic system. Germinated seeds of Vig-na radiata were planted with varying concentra-tions of tetracycline and amoxicillin (150 – 500 mg L−1) in triplicates (n=3) for three weeks. Tox-icity biomarkers, i.e. changes in plant biomass, photosynthetic pigment, phenol, flavonoid con-tent and antioxidative enzymes were estimated after completion of 3 weeks. The results illus-trated that high tetracycline concentration (500 mg L-1) in hoagland media resulted decrease in total chlorophyll content (3.045- 2.252 mg total chlorophyll /g tissue) while in case of amoxicillin, chlorophyll content was increased (5.18 - 7.309 mg total chlorophyll /g tissue). Carotenoid, Total flavonoid and phenolic content, were also sig-nificantly (p < 0.05) reduced due to toxicity of these antibiotics. Antioxidant enzyme like cata-lase showed 7.22 % degradation in their activity with highest concentration (500 mg kg-1) of tet-racycline and 27.3 % degradation was found in case of amoxicillin. Glutathione peroxidase ac-tivity was also decreased in both of the cases. Subsequently, the Vigna radiata showed 63% remediation potential with tetracycline and 93 % in case of amoxicillin. Hence, overall results indicate that, the phytoremediation rate shown by Vigna radiata is very promising and these antibiotics also showed its toxicological impact on plants.
{"title":"Phytotoxicity of Tetracycline and Amoxicillin on Vigna radiata and its Remediation Potential in Hydroponic System","authors":"Ekta Bhatt, P. Gauba","doi":"10.5530/CTBP.2021.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/CTBP.2021.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aimed to evaluate the phytotoxicity of tetracycline and amoxicillin on Vigna radiata and its remediation potential in hydroponic system. Germinated seeds of Vig-na radiata were planted with varying concentra-tions of tetracycline and amoxicillin (150 – 500 mg L−1) in triplicates (n=3) for three weeks. Tox-icity biomarkers, i.e. changes in plant biomass, photosynthetic pigment, phenol, flavonoid con-tent and antioxidative enzymes were estimated after completion of 3 weeks. The results illus-trated that high tetracycline concentration (500 mg L-1) in hoagland media resulted decrease in total chlorophyll content (3.045- 2.252 mg total chlorophyll /g tissue) while in case of amoxicillin, chlorophyll content was increased (5.18 - 7.309 mg total chlorophyll /g tissue). Carotenoid, Total flavonoid and phenolic content, were also sig-nificantly (p < 0.05) reduced due to toxicity of these antibiotics. Antioxidant enzyme like cata-lase showed 7.22 % degradation in their activity with highest concentration (500 mg kg-1) of tet-racycline and 27.3 % degradation was found in case of amoxicillin. Glutathione peroxidase ac-tivity was also decreased in both of the cases. Subsequently, the Vigna radiata showed 63% remediation potential with tetracycline and 93 % in case of amoxicillin. Hence, overall results indicate that, the phytoremediation rate shown by Vigna radiata is very promising and these antibiotics also showed its toxicological impact on plants.","PeriodicalId":10980,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy","volume":"15 1","pages":"299-314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47681709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sridivya Raparla, Xiaoling Li, Jay S Srava, Sowmya Jasti, B. Jasti
The severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus (SARS-CoV)and severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), both virus spike proteins are recognized by the cell surface receptors, human angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2).These viruses gain access into the host cell through ACE-2receptors.The main aim of the current study was to elaborate on the structural differences in the receptor binding domain (RBD) of spike glycoprotein in SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 that bind at the same active binding site. The crystal structures of receptor bound spikes of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 were compared using UCSF Chimera and pyMOL software which revealed significant differences in the receptor binding domain of the spikes with variation in the amino acid residues. It was also observed that conformational changes occurred in the amino acid residues at the binding site on ACE-2 receptor. These conformational changes in ACE-2 binding site of SARS-CoV-2 were attributed to a greater number of contacts forming between RBD and active binding site when compared to that of SARS-CoV and could explain any differences in the effectiveness of drugs against SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. In addition, using Autodock vina software, drugs that were found to be effective in SARS-COV treatment were docked at active binding site on ACE-2.Antivirals, ACE-2 inhibitors and corticosteroids were docked at the active binding site domains of ACE-2 receptor in SARS-CoV andSARS-CoV-2.Antivirals such as Oseltamivir, Umifenovir, Favipiravir, Remdesivir and antibiotics such as Moxifloxacin and Azithromycin, Ace-2. Antivirals inhibitors such as Losartan and steroids such as Dexamethasone have shown a greater negative docking score (indicating more binding affinity) in and SARS-CoV-2 when compared to that of SARS-CoV. This kind of preliminary analysis using computational techniques could help in screening and repurposing the existing drugs that are potential in treating new diseases such as CoVID-19.
{"title":"Can Structural Differences Between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 Explain Differences in Drug Efficacy?","authors":"Sridivya Raparla, Xiaoling Li, Jay S Srava, Sowmya Jasti, B. Jasti","doi":"10.5530/ctbp.2021.3.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ctbp.2021.3.25","url":null,"abstract":"The severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus (SARS-CoV)and severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), both virus spike proteins are recognized by the cell surface receptors, human angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2).These viruses gain access into the host cell through ACE-2receptors.The main aim of the current study was to elaborate on the structural differences in the receptor binding domain (RBD) of spike glycoprotein in SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 that bind at the same active binding site. The crystal structures of receptor bound spikes of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 were compared using UCSF Chimera and pyMOL software which revealed significant differences in the receptor binding domain of the spikes with variation in the amino acid residues. It was also observed that conformational changes occurred in the amino acid residues at the binding site on ACE-2 receptor. These conformational changes in ACE-2 binding site of SARS-CoV-2 were attributed to a greater number of contacts forming between RBD and active binding site when compared to that of SARS-CoV and could explain any differences in the effectiveness of drugs against SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. In addition, using Autodock vina software, drugs that were found to be effective in SARS-COV treatment were docked at active binding site on ACE-2.Antivirals, ACE-2 inhibitors and corticosteroids were docked at the active binding site domains of ACE-2 receptor in SARS-CoV andSARS-CoV-2.Antivirals such as Oseltamivir, Umifenovir, Favipiravir, Remdesivir and antibiotics such as Moxifloxacin and Azithromycin, Ace-2. Antivirals inhibitors such as Losartan and steroids such as Dexamethasone have shown a greater negative docking score (indicating more binding affinity) in and SARS-CoV-2 when compared to that of SARS-CoV. This kind of preliminary analysis using computational techniques could help in screening and repurposing the existing drugs that are potential in treating new diseases such as CoVID-19.","PeriodicalId":10980,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy","volume":"15 1","pages":"233-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44942549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbon nanotube (CNT) based high-κ dielectric ion sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) based cholesterol biosensor has been realized using Polyethylenimine (PEI) doped CNT channel and nanocomposite of potassium doped CNT with polypyrrole as sensing membrane.Device has been fabricated using solution method and electrical characterization of the device has been carried out after immobilization of enzyme cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) in presence of PBS solution.Device has shown a wide dynamic range (0.5 to 25mM), a good sensitivity of 60 mV/ decade,low response time (~1 s), low detection limit (0.23 mM), good stability (7 months) and high selectivity (interference ~1.8 %).
{"title":"CNT based high-κ dielectric Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistor Based Cholesterol Biosensor","authors":"Gaurav Keshwani, J. Dutta","doi":"10.5530/CTBP.2021.2.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/CTBP.2021.2.20","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon nanotube (CNT) based high-κ dielectric ion sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) based cholesterol biosensor has been realized using Polyethylenimine (PEI) doped CNT channel and nanocomposite of potassium doped CNT with polypyrrole as sensing membrane.Device has been fabricated using solution method and electrical characterization of the device has been carried out after immobilization of enzyme cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) in presence of PBS solution.Device has shown a wide dynamic range (0.5 to 25mM), a good sensitivity of 60 mV/ decade,low response time (~1 s), low detection limit (0.23 mM), good stability (7 months) and high selectivity (interference ~1.8 %).","PeriodicalId":10980,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy","volume":"15 1","pages":"182-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47733207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Astrotactin protein that is ASTN-1 and ASTN- 2 are important perforin proteins that are involved in neurodevelopment. Mutations in this protein is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and has been found functional in Alzheimer’s, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s diseases, Autism Spectrum Disorder, cancer etc. Genes for ASTN protein expressed in brain and functional in brain development any mutation in this gene leads to abnormal growth and functioning of brain. ASTN- 2 protein id functional in protein trafficking and regulation of neuronal growth and development increased expression of this protein can also result in neurodevelopmental disorders. In this study detailed analysis has been done on ASTROTACTIN-2 protein to identify potential ligands that show strong interaction with ASTN-2 protein. 7 ligands were selected from PubChem database and Docking was performed to analyze the protein-Ligand interaction map. Result shows that Morin and Quercetin shows the best interaction with the Glide Score of -8.26 and - 8.15 and at positions GLN790, LEU833, THR878 and EU833, GLN962 respectively. Protein -Protein interaction study was also done to identify interacting proteins that are functional in neurodevelopment and can be associated with neuronal disorders. This study detailed about the ligand interaction, protein function and protein interaction Astrotactin-2 protein.
{"title":"Astrotactin-2: Docking with Flavoinoids, Functional, Pathway and Disease Associations","authors":"R. Yadav","doi":"10.5530/CTBP.2021.2.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/CTBP.2021.2.21","url":null,"abstract":"Astrotactin protein that is ASTN-1 and ASTN- 2 are important perforin proteins that are involved in neurodevelopment. Mutations in this protein is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and has been found functional in Alzheimer’s, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s diseases, Autism Spectrum Disorder, cancer etc. Genes for ASTN protein expressed in brain and functional in brain development any mutation in this gene leads to abnormal growth and functioning of brain. ASTN- 2 protein id functional in protein trafficking and regulation of neuronal growth and development increased expression of this protein can also result in neurodevelopmental disorders. In this study detailed analysis has been done on ASTROTACTIN-2 protein to identify potential ligands that show strong interaction with ASTN-2 protein. 7 ligands were selected from PubChem database and Docking was performed to analyze the protein-Ligand interaction map. Result shows that Morin and Quercetin shows the best interaction with the Glide Score of -8.26 and - 8.15 and at positions GLN790, LEU833, THR878 and EU833, GLN962 respectively. Protein -Protein interaction study was also done to identify interacting proteins that are functional in neurodevelopment and can be associated with neuronal disorders. This study detailed about the ligand interaction, protein function and protein interaction Astrotactin-2 protein.","PeriodicalId":10980,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy","volume":"15 1","pages":"189-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45998587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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