Pub Date : 2019-04-20DOI: 10.21475/POJ.12.01.19.PT1864
A. Shahriari, A. Afsharifar, M. Habibi-Pirkoohi
Owing to their unique characteristics which combines the properties of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, microalgae have emerged as an ideal platform for heterologous production of recombinant proteins including subunit vaccines. In an attempt to develop recombinant vaccine against Newcastle Disease, an agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation was carried out to express a chimeric gene construct including Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase (HN) and Fusion (F) epitopes of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Four tandem repeat of HN epitope with 96bp length followed by three tandem repeat of F epitope of NDV with 153bp length were used. Microalgal cells (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens cells harboring foreign gene construct and then transferred to selection medium. Single colonies representing putative transformation events were screened in selection medium enriched with kanamycin. PCR assay confirmed integration of F-HN sequence in microalgal nuclei. RT-PCR assay showed that the F-HN sequence was expressed in transformed colonies. Finally, translation of the foreign gene was confirmed by protein dot blotting, western blot and Elisa assay. The results of this experiment may contain both research and practical implications.
{"title":"Expression of Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase (HN) and Fusion (F) Epitopes of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii","authors":"A. Shahriari, A. Afsharifar, M. Habibi-Pirkoohi","doi":"10.21475/POJ.12.01.19.PT1864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/POJ.12.01.19.PT1864","url":null,"abstract":"Owing to their unique characteristics which combines the properties of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, microalgae have emerged as an ideal platform for heterologous production of recombinant proteins including subunit vaccines. In an attempt to develop recombinant vaccine against Newcastle Disease, an agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation was carried out to express a chimeric gene construct including Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase (HN) and Fusion (F) epitopes of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Four tandem repeat of HN epitope with 96bp length followed by three tandem repeat of F epitope of NDV with 153bp length were used. Microalgal cells (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens cells harboring foreign gene construct and then transferred to selection medium. Single colonies representing putative transformation events were screened in selection medium enriched with kanamycin. PCR assay confirmed integration of F-HN sequence in microalgal nuclei. RT-PCR assay showed that the F-HN sequence was expressed in transformed colonies. Finally, translation of the foreign gene was confirmed by protein dot blotting, western blot and Elisa assay. The results of this experiment may contain both research and practical implications.","PeriodicalId":10983,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, April 08, 2019","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82506037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-20DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1639
Nattharat Punyasu, S. Kalapanulak, T. Saithong
In silico metabolic modeling has enabled systematic study of complicated metabolic processes underlying phenotypes of organisms. Modeling of plant metabolism is often hampered by the network complexity and lack of adequate knowledge. The existing metabolic networks of cassava only cover broad metabolism and are not compartmentalized to truly represent metabolism in photosynthetic tissues. To address the aforementioned limitations and develop a robust metabolic network, physiological and genomic data derived from cassava and leaf models of Arabidopsis and rice were to extend the scope of the existing model. The proposed compartmentalized network of metabolism in photosynthetic tissues of cassava, ph-MeRecon (photosynthetic-Manihot esculenta Metabolic Pathway Reconstruction) was developed based on the information resulting of the comparative study of multiple model plants and cassava genome. The ph-MeRecon covers primary carbon metabolism and comprises 461 metabolites, 550 reactions, and 1,037 metabolic genes. Enzymatic genes on the network were validated using RNA-expression data, and the reactions and pathways were compartmentalized into cytoplasm, chloroplast, mitochondria, and peroxisome. To ensure network connectivity, metabolic gaps were filled using gap reactions obtained from literature and metabolic pathway omnibus. In addition, information on plant physiology, including photosynthetic light-dependent reactions, carboxylase and oxygenase activity of RuBisCO enzyme, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase enzyme activity was incorporated into ph-MeRecon to mimic cellular metabolism in cassava leaves. Thus, ph-MeRecon offers a multi-level platform for system analysis of cellular mechanisms underlying phenotypes of interest in cassava. The ph-MeRecon metabolic model is available at http://bml.sbi.kmutt.ac.th/ph-MeRecon/.
{"title":"Development of a compartmentalized model for insight into the structured metabolic pathway of carbon metabolism in cassava leaves","authors":"Nattharat Punyasu, S. Kalapanulak, T. Saithong","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1639","url":null,"abstract":"In silico metabolic modeling has enabled systematic study of complicated metabolic processes underlying phenotypes of organisms. Modeling of plant metabolism is often hampered by the network complexity and lack of adequate knowledge. The existing metabolic networks of cassava only cover broad metabolism and are not compartmentalized to truly represent metabolism in photosynthetic tissues. To address the aforementioned limitations and develop a robust metabolic network, physiological and genomic data derived from cassava and leaf models of Arabidopsis and rice were to extend the scope of the existing model. The proposed compartmentalized network of metabolism in photosynthetic tissues of cassava, ph-MeRecon (photosynthetic-Manihot esculenta Metabolic Pathway Reconstruction) was developed based on the information resulting of the comparative study of multiple model plants and cassava genome. The ph-MeRecon covers primary carbon metabolism and comprises 461 metabolites, 550 reactions, and 1,037 metabolic genes. Enzymatic genes on the network were validated using RNA-expression data, and the reactions and pathways were compartmentalized into cytoplasm, chloroplast, mitochondria, and peroxisome. To ensure network connectivity, metabolic gaps were filled using gap reactions obtained from literature and metabolic pathway omnibus. In addition, information on plant physiology, including photosynthetic light-dependent reactions, carboxylase and oxygenase activity of RuBisCO enzyme, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase enzyme activity was incorporated into ph-MeRecon to mimic cellular metabolism in cassava leaves. Thus, ph-MeRecon offers a multi-level platform for system analysis of cellular mechanisms underlying phenotypes of interest in cassava. The ph-MeRecon metabolic model is available at http://bml.sbi.kmutt.ac.th/ph-MeRecon/.","PeriodicalId":10983,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, April 08, 2019","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86494483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-20DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1648
N. S. Al-Ghumaiz, M. Motawei, A. Al-Soqeer
Low-fertility soil is considered a major challenge for growing wheat (Triticum aestivum) in organic systems. The objective of this study was to identify spring wheat genotype(s) adapted to growing in organic systems with low-fertility soil compared with conventional systems in the central region of Saudi Arabia. Organic and conventional trials were established during the 2010, 2011 and 2012 growing seasons in the arid environment of central region of Saudi Arabia. Both trails were seeded in a sandy loam soil. Eight bread wheat genotypes were evaluated for the following parameters: grain and straw yields, grain-filling rate (GFR), days to heading (DTH), days to maturity (DTM), number of kernels per spike and 1000-kernel weight. The experiment was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The findings showed that there were significant differences in grain and straw yields between the two systems and among genotypes. The Egyptian genotypes 'Sids 12' and Early-line produced the highest grain yields (7.8 tons ha-1) in the conventional system, whereas in the organic system, Yocora Rojo (control genotype) and Early-line produced the highest yields (5.8 and 5.9 tons ha-1, respectively). Grain and straw yields were higher in 2011 and 2012 growing seasons compared to 2010. Early-line and ICARDA genotypes (IC8 and IC17) had the highest grain-filling rate, whereas the Australian genotypes (P5 and P3) and the local genotype 'Sama' had the lowest grain-filling rate. The genotype Early-line had the shortest time to heading and maturity in both systems. Therefore, Early-line and Yocora Rojo are promising bread wheat genotypes for organic production systems in low-fertility soil.
{"title":"Response of spring wheat genotypes to organic farming systems in low-fertility soil","authors":"N. S. Al-Ghumaiz, M. Motawei, A. Al-Soqeer","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1648","url":null,"abstract":"Low-fertility soil is considered a major challenge for growing wheat (Triticum aestivum) in organic systems. The objective of this study was to identify spring wheat genotype(s) adapted to growing in organic systems with low-fertility soil compared with conventional systems in the central region of Saudi Arabia. Organic and conventional trials were established during the 2010, 2011 and 2012 growing seasons in the arid environment of central region of Saudi Arabia. Both trails were seeded in a sandy loam soil. Eight bread wheat genotypes were evaluated for the following parameters: grain and straw yields, grain-filling rate (GFR), days to heading (DTH), days to maturity (DTM), number of kernels per spike and 1000-kernel weight. The experiment was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The findings showed that there were significant differences in grain and straw yields between the two systems and among genotypes. The Egyptian genotypes 'Sids 12' and Early-line produced the highest grain yields (7.8 tons ha-1) in the conventional system, whereas in the organic system, Yocora Rojo (control genotype) and Early-line produced the highest yields (5.8 and 5.9 tons ha-1, respectively). Grain and straw yields were higher in 2011 and 2012 growing seasons compared to 2010. Early-line and ICARDA genotypes (IC8 and IC17) had the highest grain-filling rate, whereas the Australian genotypes (P5 and P3) and the local genotype 'Sama' had the lowest grain-filling rate. The genotype Early-line had the shortest time to heading and maturity in both systems. Therefore, Early-line and Yocora Rojo are promising bread wheat genotypes for organic production systems in low-fertility soil.","PeriodicalId":10983,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, April 08, 2019","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78107039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-20DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1448
J. J. Noor, M. Vinayan, S. Umar, P. Devi, M. Iqbal, K. Seetharam, P. Zaidi
Heat stress resilience has emerged as an important trait in maize hybrids targeted for post–monsoon spring cultivation in large parts of South Asia and many other parts of the tropics. Selection based on grain yield alone under heat stress is often misleading, and therefore an approach involving stress-adaptive secondary traits along with grain yield could help in the development of improved, stable heat stress tolerant cultivars. We attempted to identify reliable and effective secondary traits associated with heat stress tolerance in tropical maize and sources of heat stress tolerant germplasm. A panel of 99 elite maize inbred lines representing the wider genetic diversity of tropical maize and a set of 58 elite hybrids were phenotyped under natural heat stress and optimal temperature for grain yield and 15 secondary traits including 10 morpho-physiological traits and 5 yield attributes. Evaluation under natural heat stress was done during the spring season by adjusting the planting date so that the complete reproductive stage (from tassel emergence to late grain filling) was exposed to heat stress. The optimal temperature trial was planted during the monsoon season with no exposure to heat stress at any crop stage. Heat stress significantly affected most of the observed traits. Among the traits studied two yield attributing traits, i.e.- ears per plant (EPP) and kernel per row (KPR), and three morpho-physiological traits, i.e.- chlorophyll content (CC), leaf firing (LF) and tassel blast (TB) were found to be the key secondary traits associated with grain yield under heat stress. In addition, low anthesis-silking internal (ASI) is an important trait that needs to be added in the index selection for heat stress tolerance. The study identified nine promising heat stress tolerant maize inbred lines with desirable secondary traits and grain yield under severe heat stress, which could be used as source germplasm in heat stress tolerance maize breeding program.
{"title":"Morpho-physiological traits associated with heat stress tolerance in tropical maize (Zea mays L.) at reproductive stage","authors":"J. J. Noor, M. Vinayan, S. Umar, P. Devi, M. Iqbal, K. Seetharam, P. Zaidi","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1448","url":null,"abstract":"Heat stress resilience has emerged as an important trait in maize hybrids targeted for post–monsoon spring cultivation in large parts of South Asia and many other parts of the tropics. Selection based on grain yield alone under heat stress is often misleading, and therefore an approach involving stress-adaptive secondary traits along with grain yield could help in the development of improved, stable heat stress tolerant cultivars. We attempted to identify reliable and effective secondary traits associated with heat stress tolerance in tropical maize and sources of heat stress tolerant germplasm. A panel of 99 elite maize inbred lines representing the wider genetic diversity of tropical maize and a set of 58 elite hybrids were phenotyped under natural heat stress and optimal temperature for grain yield and 15 secondary traits including 10 morpho-physiological traits and 5 yield attributes. Evaluation under natural heat stress was done during the spring season by adjusting the planting date so that the complete reproductive stage (from tassel emergence to late grain filling) was exposed to heat stress. The optimal temperature trial was planted during the monsoon season with no exposure to heat stress at any crop stage. Heat stress significantly affected most of the observed traits. Among the traits studied two yield attributing traits, i.e.- ears per plant (EPP) and kernel per row (KPR), and three morpho-physiological traits, i.e.- chlorophyll content (CC), leaf firing (LF) and tassel blast (TB) were found to be the key secondary traits associated with grain yield under heat stress. In addition, low anthesis-silking internal (ASI) is an important trait that needs to be added in the index selection for heat stress tolerance. The study identified nine promising heat stress tolerant maize inbred lines with desirable secondary traits and grain yield under severe heat stress, which could be used as source germplasm in heat stress tolerance maize breeding program.","PeriodicalId":10983,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, April 08, 2019","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89427695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-20DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1507
Watanyoo Khamkoh, Danupol Ketthaisong, K. Lomthaisong, K. Lertrat, B. Suriharn
The information on the responses to simple recurrent selection for yield and total carotenoid content in orange waxy corn is lacking. The objectives were to evaluate the responses to simple recurrent selection for two cycles for yield and carotenoids of orange waxy corn population and to investigate the correlations between color parameter with carotenoids in waxy corn kernels. Parental sources of germplasm with differences in kernel colors and levels of disease resistance were used for generation of a base population of orange waxy corn. A simple recurrent selection for superior phenotypes was practiced on this population for two selection cycles. Cycle 0 (C0), C1 and C2 were evaluated for two locations in 2016. The cycles showed significant differences for most traits except for plant height. The locations contributed to large portions of total variation in total yield, whereas selection cycle contributed to large portions of total variations in lutein, zeaxanthin, β-carotene and total carotenoid content and color parameter (ho), indicating that selection for carotenoids would be possible. Simple recurrent selection for two cycles increased total yield and husked ear weight of 23.2% and 15.0%, respectively. Simple recurrent selection for two cycles also increased lutein, zeaxanthin, β-carotene and total carotenoid content with increasing percentages ranging from 18.5 to 196.6%. The results indicated that population improvement by simple recurrent selection could be useful in increasing these traits. Color parameter at immature stage and dry stage was negatively and significantly correlated with lutein, zeaxanthin, β-carotene and total carotenoid content, indicating that color parameter can be used as an indirect selection criterion for these traits.
{"title":"Recurrent selection method for improvement of lutein and zeaxanthin in orange waxy corn populations","authors":"Watanyoo Khamkoh, Danupol Ketthaisong, K. Lomthaisong, K. Lertrat, B. Suriharn","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1507","url":null,"abstract":"The information on the responses to simple recurrent selection for yield and total carotenoid content in orange waxy corn is lacking. The objectives were to evaluate the responses to simple recurrent selection for two cycles for yield and carotenoids of orange waxy corn population and to investigate the correlations between color parameter with carotenoids in waxy corn kernels. Parental sources of germplasm with differences in kernel colors and levels of disease resistance were used for generation of a base population of orange waxy corn. A simple recurrent selection for superior phenotypes was practiced on this population for two selection cycles. Cycle 0 (C0), C1 and C2 were evaluated for two locations in 2016. The cycles showed significant differences for most traits except for plant height. The locations contributed to large portions of total variation in total yield, whereas selection cycle contributed to large portions of total variations in lutein, zeaxanthin, β-carotene and total carotenoid content and color parameter (ho), indicating that selection for carotenoids would be possible. Simple recurrent selection for two cycles increased total yield and husked ear weight of 23.2% and 15.0%, respectively. Simple recurrent selection for two cycles also increased lutein, zeaxanthin, β-carotene and total carotenoid content with increasing percentages ranging from 18.5 to 196.6%. The results indicated that population improvement by simple recurrent selection could be useful in increasing these traits. Color parameter at immature stage and dry stage was negatively and significantly correlated with lutein, zeaxanthin, β-carotene and total carotenoid content, indicating that color parameter can be used as an indirect selection criterion for these traits.","PeriodicalId":10983,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, April 08, 2019","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90104458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-20DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1845
W. Sunaryo, H. Pranoto, Nurhasanah, Rahman
Lai-durian (Durio zibethinus x kutejensis) is a durio species derived from a natural crossing between Durio zibethinus (Durian, local name) and Durio kutejensis (Lai, local name) showing high performance of fruit quality and economic value such as golden yellow aril color, sweet and odourless taste, soft and dry texture, long shelf life (7-10 days), high edible portion, and relatively high fruit weight and yield per plant per year. The vegetative propagation of Lai-durian especially using shoot or bud grafting is facing a problem due to the low rootstock availability since Lai-durian seeds show a high percentage of abnormal/undeveloped seeds. This research was performed to evaluate the compatibility and growth performance of the interspecific grafting of two different grafting types, chip budding and cleft grafting using three different rootstock sources, D. zibethinus, D. kutejensis, and D. zibethinus x kutejensis. Three superior national varieties of Lai-durian, i.e., Lai Kayan, Lai Mandong, and Holai Sentawar were used in this research as scion sources. The total number of 180 grafting occasions of chip budding and cleft grafting was conducted using 4–5 months-old seedling plants with 50-60 cm height as rootstocks. The survival rate of the successful grafting and several growth parameters, i.e., plant height, shoot and rootstock diameter, leaf number, and branch number increment were evaluated for two months. The interspecific grafting of Lai-durian on three different rootstock seedlings derived from D. zibethinus, D. kutejensis, and D..zibethinus x kutejensis was compatible and showed a successful graft union using chip budding (94%) or cleft grafting (60%). The use of D. zibethinus and D. kutejensis as rootstocks could replace those of D. zibethinus x kutejensis since there were no significant differences in the grafting compatibility and growth among the three varieties of rootstocks.
来榴莲(Durio zibethinus x kutejensis)是紫榴莲(Durio zibethinus，土名:榴莲)与库特jensis (Lai，土名:赖)自然杂交而成的榴莲品种，其果皮颜色金黄，口感甘甜无味，质地柔软干燥，保质期长(7-10天)，可食用部分高，单株年单果重和单产较高，具有较高的果实品质和经济价值。由于砧木利用率低，使得来榴莲的无性繁殖，特别是芽嫁接和枝嫁接的无性繁殖面临着问题。研究了三种不同砧木源齐白草(D. zibethinus)、库特金(D. kutejensis)和齐白草x库特金(D. zibethinus x kutejensis)的切花芽接和裂接两种嫁接方式的相容性和生长性能。本研究选用了3个国家优良的来榴莲品种，即赖加延、赖满东和好莱森塔瓦作为接穗源。以4 ~ 5月龄、株高50 ~ 60 cm的苗木为砧木，进行片芽和劈接共180次嫁接。2个月后，对嫁接成活率、株高、茎部和砧木直径、叶片数和分枝数增长量等生长参数进行评价。来榴莲在三种不同砧木上的嫁接是相容的，采用切芽(94%)或裂接(60%)的方式嫁接成功。三种砧木的嫁接亲和性和生长情况无显著差异，因此两种砧木均可替代两种砧木。
{"title":"Interspecific grafting to solve the rootstock shortage in vegetative propagation of Lai-durian (Durio zibethinus x kutejensis) originated from East Kalimantan","authors":"W. Sunaryo, H. Pranoto, Nurhasanah, Rahman","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1845","url":null,"abstract":"Lai-durian (Durio zibethinus x kutejensis) is a durio species derived from a natural crossing between Durio zibethinus (Durian, local name) and Durio kutejensis (Lai, local name) showing high performance of fruit quality and economic value such as golden yellow aril color, sweet and odourless taste, soft and dry texture, long shelf life (7-10 days), high edible portion, and relatively high fruit weight and yield per plant per year. The vegetative propagation of Lai-durian especially using shoot or bud grafting is facing a problem due to the low rootstock availability since Lai-durian seeds show a high percentage of abnormal/undeveloped seeds. This research was performed to evaluate the compatibility and growth performance of the interspecific grafting of two different grafting types, chip budding and cleft grafting using three different rootstock sources, D. zibethinus, D. kutejensis, and D. zibethinus x kutejensis. Three superior national varieties of Lai-durian, i.e., Lai Kayan, Lai Mandong, and Holai Sentawar were used in this research as scion sources. The total number of 180 grafting occasions of chip budding and cleft grafting was conducted using 4–5 months-old seedling plants with 50-60 cm height as rootstocks. The survival rate of the successful grafting and several growth parameters, i.e., plant height, shoot and rootstock diameter, leaf number, and branch number increment were evaluated for two months. The interspecific grafting of Lai-durian on three different rootstock seedlings derived from D. zibethinus, D. kutejensis, and D..zibethinus x kutejensis was compatible and showed a successful graft union using chip budding (94%) or cleft grafting (60%). The use of D. zibethinus and D. kutejensis as rootstocks could replace those of D. zibethinus x kutejensis since there were no significant differences in the grafting compatibility and growth among the three varieties of rootstocks.","PeriodicalId":10983,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, April 08, 2019","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77537846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-20DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1383
R. Flores, P. P. D. Cunha, V. Damin, K. Abdala, Deyvid Diego Carvalho Maranhão, M. M. Santos, L. Neto, Mayara Cardoso Donegá, René Rodrigues
Some aspects of the micronutrients management in common bean under boron fertilization in tropical agroecosystems are still poorly understood. The aim of this work was to evaluate the physiological quality and grain production of common bean using different B sources and dose applications, cultivated under irrigated system. The experimental design was a randomized block, in a factorial scheme 2 x 5 x 3, with two sources of B (boric acid containing 17% of B applied in leaves and FTE (fritted trace elements) and BR-12 including 1.8% of B, applied on the soil) with five doses of each source: 0 (control), 2, 4, 6 and 8 kg ha-1, with three repetitions. Each plot had a total area of 5.06 m2 (2.25m x 2.25m). The stomatal conductance and transpiration were reduced by increasing B doses, mainly when boric acid was used. Results showed that application of boric acid at 8 kg ha-1 of B reduced grain production about 21%. However, application of 6 kg ha-1 FTE BR 12 on the soil promoted grain production. However, application of 6 kg ha-1 of B using FTE (fritted trace elements) BR-12 as a source on the soil, promoted higher production and differential profit (618 US$ ha-1). Therefore, these sources and doses are recommended to common beans under irrigation systems in Brazilian Savanna agroecosystems.
在热带农业生态系统中，硼施肥对普通豆微量元素管理的某些方面仍知之甚少。本研究旨在评价不同B源和剂量对普通豆生理品质和籽粒产量的影响。试验设计为随机区组，采用2 × 5 × 3因子方案，采用两种B源(含17% B的硼酸施于叶片和FTE(混合微量元素)，BR-12含1.8% B，施于土壤)，每种源5个剂量:0(对照)、2、4、6和8 kg ha-1，重复3次。每个地块总面积为5.06 m2 (2.25m x 2.25m)。随着B剂量的增加，气孔导度和蒸腾降低，主要是在硼酸处理下。结果表明，施用硼酸8 kg ha-1 B可使籽粒产量降低21%左右。而施用6 kg hm -1 FTE BR - 12对籽粒产量有促进作用。然而，在土壤上施用6公斤的B，以FTE(熔融微量元素)BR-12为来源，提高了产量和差异利润(618美元/公顷)。因此，在巴西热带稀树草原农业生态系统的灌溉系统中，这些来源和剂量被推荐用于普通豆类。
{"title":"Physiological quality and grain production of Phaseolus vulgaris (cv. BRS Pérola) using boron (B) application under irrigatation system","authors":"R. Flores, P. P. D. Cunha, V. Damin, K. Abdala, Deyvid Diego Carvalho Maranhão, M. M. Santos, L. Neto, Mayara Cardoso Donegá, René Rodrigues","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1383","url":null,"abstract":"Some aspects of the micronutrients management in common bean under boron fertilization in tropical agroecosystems are still poorly understood. The aim of this work was to evaluate the physiological quality and grain production of common bean using different B sources and dose applications, cultivated under irrigated system. The experimental design was a randomized block, in a factorial scheme 2 x 5 x 3, with two sources of B (boric acid containing 17% of B applied in leaves and FTE (fritted trace elements) and BR-12 including 1.8% of B, applied on the soil) with five doses of each source: 0 (control), 2, 4, 6 and 8 kg ha-1, with three repetitions. Each plot had a total area of 5.06 m2 (2.25m x 2.25m). The stomatal conductance and transpiration were reduced by increasing B doses, mainly when boric acid was used. Results showed that application of boric acid at 8 kg ha-1 of B reduced grain production about 21%. However, application of 6 kg ha-1 FTE BR 12 on the soil promoted grain production. However, application of 6 kg ha-1 of B using FTE (fritted trace elements) BR-12 as a source on the soil, promoted higher production and differential profit (618 US$ ha-1). Therefore, these sources and doses are recommended to common beans under irrigation systems in Brazilian Savanna agroecosystems.","PeriodicalId":10983,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, April 08, 2019","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80506767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-20DOI: 10.21475/POJ.12.01.19.PT1516
I. Carvalho, V. J. Szareski, G. H. Demari, M. H. Barbosa, Franciene Lautenchleger, V. Q. Souza, S. M. Fachi, D. Boeno, Mayara Torres Mendonça, Henrique Eguilhor Rodrigues, Jainara Fresinghelli Netto, Francisco Amaral Vilella, T. Pedó
The objective of this work was to apply the phenotypic multicarter selection and predictive genetic for the attributes of the yield of common black bean seeds in the segregating generations F2, F3 and F4.The experimental design was augmented blocks, where the BRS Esplendor (BE), BRS Supremo (BS) and IPR Tiziu (IT) genotypes were used as controls arranged in four replicates, the other treatments were organized in a unique way in the experiment, the F2 segregating generation being represented by 36 common black bean populations, F3 segregating generation composed of 72 families and the F4 segregating generation formed by 44 families. The multicarter phenotypic index provided the simultaneous selection for the number and mass of seeds per plant, independent of the segregating generation of common black bean.Multicarter genetic variation is superior for the F3 segregating generation, with pronounced environmental effects on the F4 generation.The F4 segregating families express superiority to the genetic gain and magnitude of superior genotypes in relation to the commercial controls, where high genetic increase is exposed between the F3 to F4selection.The use of the phenotypic index expresses applicability to the selection of common black bean genotypes to increase seed yield.
{"title":"Phenotypic multicarter selection approach to predict genetics applied in the segregating generations F2, F3 and F4 of common black beans","authors":"I. Carvalho, V. J. Szareski, G. H. Demari, M. H. Barbosa, Franciene Lautenchleger, V. Q. Souza, S. M. Fachi, D. Boeno, Mayara Torres Mendonça, Henrique Eguilhor Rodrigues, Jainara Fresinghelli Netto, Francisco Amaral Vilella, T. Pedó","doi":"10.21475/POJ.12.01.19.PT1516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/POJ.12.01.19.PT1516","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work was to apply the phenotypic multicarter selection and predictive genetic for the attributes of the yield of common black bean seeds in the segregating generations F2, F3 and F4.The experimental design was augmented blocks, where the BRS Esplendor (BE), BRS Supremo (BS) and IPR Tiziu (IT) genotypes were used as controls arranged in four replicates, the other treatments were organized in a unique way in the experiment, the F2 segregating generation being represented by 36 common black bean populations, F3 segregating generation composed of 72 families and the F4 segregating generation formed by 44 families. The multicarter phenotypic index provided the simultaneous selection for the number and mass of seeds per plant, independent of the segregating generation of common black bean.Multicarter genetic variation is superior for the F3 segregating generation, with pronounced environmental effects on the F4 generation.The F4 segregating families express superiority to the genetic gain and magnitude of superior genotypes in relation to the commercial controls, where high genetic increase is exposed between the F3 to F4selection.The use of the phenotypic index expresses applicability to the selection of common black bean genotypes to increase seed yield.","PeriodicalId":10983,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, April 08, 2019","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77512405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-20DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1432
A. L. S. Lacerda, R. V. Filho, Z. M. Souza, J. Torres
Glyposhate is among the most widely used herbicides in Brazil and worldwide and has a broad spectrum of control, low toxicity, non-selective, and systemic action. In Brazil, it has been increasingly consumed after its release to be used in plants with tolerance to the product; however, excessive use has contributed to select resistant or tolerant weed species. Our goal was to evaluate the efficiency of weed control by using glyphosate in a growth chamber at different doses, periods of applications, and weed species. The experimental design was completely randomized – factorial scheme 7 x 5 – by assessing seven doses of glyphosate: 0; 720; 960; 1200; 1440; 1680, and 1920 g ha-1 i.a., in five weeds: black picket, bitter grass, bull herb, viola string, and ragged, with five repetitions. The weeds were sowed in polyethylene pots with three plants per pot. Assessments of dry biomass were conducted after 7, 14, and 21 days of application (DAA) with the treatment of glyphosate in scores from 0 to 100%. We concluded that the herbicide was efficient at controlling the black picket and bitter grass species as 100% of the weed plants 14 DAA died with the doses of 720 g ha-1 i.a. Doses of glyphosate required to reach indices of control above 915 were 1680 g ha-1 i.a. for ragged, 960 g ha-1 i.a. for bull herb, and 1440 g ha-1 i.a. for viola string at 21 DAA – since these are considered hard to control. It is recommended to apply 1440 g ha-1 i.a. of glyphosate for an effective control over 80% of all invasive plants assessed at 21 DAA,.
草甘膦是巴西和世界范围内使用最广泛的除草剂之一，具有广谱控制、低毒、非选择性和全身性作用。在巴西，它在释放后被越来越多地用于对该产品具有耐受性的植物中;然而，过量使用导致了抗性或耐受性杂草品种的选择。我们的目标是通过在生长室中使用不同剂量、施用时间和杂草种类的草甘膦来评估杂草控制的效率。实验设计为完全随机-因子方案7 × 5 -通过评估七种剂量的草甘膦:0;720;960;1200;1440;1680年和1920年，共有五种杂草:黑尖桩草、苦草、牛蒡草、中提琴弦和破草，重复五次。将杂草播种在聚乙烯花盆中，每盆三株。在草甘膦处理的第7、14和21天(DAA)后，对干生物量进行评分，评分范围从0到100%。我们得出结论，草甘膦对黑尖桩和苦草具有有效的控制作用，因为在720 g ha-1 i.a.的剂量下，14 DAA的杂草100%死亡。达到915以上的控制指数所需的草甘膦剂量为:锯齿草1680 g ha-1 i.a.，牛蒡草960 g ha-1 i.a.，中提琴在21 DAA时需要1440 g ha-1 i.a.，因为这些被认为难以控制。建议每天使用1440克草甘膦，以有效控制超过80%在21 DAA评估的所有入侵植物。
{"title":"Use of different doses of glyphosate to control invasive plants: Bidens pilosa, Commelina benghalensis, Digitaria insularis, Ipomoea grandiofolia and Tridax procumbens","authors":"A. L. S. Lacerda, R. V. Filho, Z. M. Souza, J. Torres","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1432","url":null,"abstract":"Glyposhate is among the most widely used herbicides in Brazil and worldwide and has a broad spectrum of control, low toxicity, non-selective, and systemic action. In Brazil, it has been increasingly consumed after its release to be used in plants with tolerance to the product; however, excessive use has contributed to select resistant or tolerant weed species. Our goal was to evaluate the efficiency of weed control by using glyphosate in a growth chamber at different doses, periods of applications, and weed species. The experimental design was completely randomized – factorial scheme 7 x 5 – by assessing seven doses of glyphosate: 0; 720; 960; 1200; 1440; 1680, and 1920 g ha-1 i.a., in five weeds: black picket, bitter grass, bull herb, viola string, and ragged, with five repetitions. The weeds were sowed in polyethylene pots with three plants per pot. Assessments of dry biomass were conducted after 7, 14, and 21 days of application (DAA) with the treatment of glyphosate in scores from 0 to 100%. We concluded that the herbicide was efficient at controlling the black picket and bitter grass species as 100% of the weed plants 14 DAA died with the doses of 720 g ha-1 i.a. Doses of glyphosate required to reach indices of control above 915 were 1680 g ha-1 i.a. for ragged, 960 g ha-1 i.a. for bull herb, and 1440 g ha-1 i.a. for viola string at 21 DAA – since these are considered hard to control. It is recommended to apply 1440 g ha-1 i.a. of glyphosate for an effective control over 80% of all invasive plants assessed at 21 DAA,.","PeriodicalId":10983,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, April 08, 2019","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76663618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-20DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1615
Sonivaldo Ruzzene Beltrame, Rayane Monique Sete da Cruz, E. Lourenço, O. Alberton
Lamiaceae and Euphorbiaceae are two families of plants grown as medicinal, aromatic, food and ornamental crops, and are of great commercial importance. The cultivation of these species depends on soil quality and availability of soil resources. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) usually penetrates plants through their roots, supplying plants with water and nutrients and receiving photosynthesis products in return. These types of symbiosis benefit the development and production of crops. To analyze the effects of AMF inoculation on the production of plants of these families, a meta - analysis was performed using 183 data of Lamiaceae plants and 68 data of Euphorbiaceae plants. Meta-analysis consists of compiling data from literature to obtain the response ratio, calculated by the mean of the experimental group divided by the mean of the control group. The response variables were shoot dry mass (SDM), total dry mass (TDM), plant height and accumulation of phosphorus in the plant shoot (P-shoot). Results showed an increased mean production of AMF-inoculated plants with a 96% and 97% increase of SDM in Lamiaceae and Euphorbiaceae, respectively. Increases of 91% in TDM and 248% in P accumulated in the plant shoot were observed for Lamiaceae; values that were higher than those of Euphorbiaceae at 110% and 675%, respectively. This meta-analysis confirmed the potential of AMF to increase biomass production and P accumulation in medicinal plants of the Lamiaceae and Euphorbiaceae families.
{"title":"Meta-analysis of Lamiaceae and Euphorbiaceae medicinal plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi","authors":"Sonivaldo Ruzzene Beltrame, Rayane Monique Sete da Cruz, E. Lourenço, O. Alberton","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1615","url":null,"abstract":"Lamiaceae and Euphorbiaceae are two families of plants grown as medicinal, aromatic, food and ornamental crops, and are of great commercial importance. The cultivation of these species depends on soil quality and availability of soil resources. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) usually penetrates plants through their roots, supplying plants with water and nutrients and receiving photosynthesis products in return. These types of symbiosis benefit the development and production of crops. To analyze the effects of AMF inoculation on the production of plants of these families, a meta - analysis was performed using 183 data of Lamiaceae plants and 68 data of Euphorbiaceae plants. Meta-analysis consists of compiling data from literature to obtain the response ratio, calculated by the mean of the experimental group divided by the mean of the control group. The response variables were shoot dry mass (SDM), total dry mass (TDM), plant height and accumulation of phosphorus in the plant shoot (P-shoot). Results showed an increased mean production of AMF-inoculated plants with a 96% and 97% increase of SDM in Lamiaceae and Euphorbiaceae, respectively. Increases of 91% in TDM and 248% in P accumulated in the plant shoot were observed for Lamiaceae; values that were higher than those of Euphorbiaceae at 110% and 675%, respectively. This meta-analysis confirmed the potential of AMF to increase biomass production and P accumulation in medicinal plants of the Lamiaceae and Euphorbiaceae families.","PeriodicalId":10983,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, April 08, 2019","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80687513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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