Pub Date : 2019-04-20DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1675
F. D. S. Cunha, A. F. D. Costa, A. S. Capucho, R. C. S. Dias, F. H. Ishikawa
Sources of resistance to damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani were researched in watermelon accessions, in which thirty accessions were inoculated in two phenological phases (at seeding and seedling stages). The completely randomized design with five replications per accession was used in both phenological stages. The inoculation in seeding stage was carried out at the time of sowing, while for seedling the inoculation was done 15 days after sowing. In both stages the evaluation occurred 15 days after inoculation using a rating scale. At seeding stage, six accessions were moderately resistant to CMM-2967 of R. solani. However, no accession resistant to CMM-1053 and CMM-1052 isolates was recognized. Three accessions were resistant to CMM-1053 at the seedling stage. Posteriorly, inoculation was carried out using only accessions classified as resistant in the previous evaluations using both phenological stages. For CMM-1053, factorial scheme of 2x4 were used (two stages and four accessions). For assessments against isolate CMM-2967 a factorial scheme of 2x12 (two stages and 12 accessions) was used. We confirmed the results of first two experiments for both isolates. At seeding stage, all accessions were classified as susceptible to CMM-1053. However, at the seedling stage, only Crimson Swett was susceptible. For the CMM-2967, inoculated at the seeding stage, the accessions were classified into two groups (resistant and susceptible) (Scott-Knott at 5%). At seedling stage there was no statistical difference among eleven accessions and they were all classified as resistant. Due to difficulty of finding sources of resistance to damping off, the method of inoculation at seedling stage showed more efficient for this pathosystem and could facilitate the work of breeders and plant pathologists.
{"title":"Identification of sources of resistance to damping-off (Rhizoctonia solani) in two phenological phases of watermelon","authors":"F. D. S. Cunha, A. F. D. Costa, A. S. Capucho, R. C. S. Dias, F. H. Ishikawa","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1675","url":null,"abstract":"Sources of resistance to damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani were researched in watermelon accessions, in which thirty accessions were inoculated in two phenological phases (at seeding and seedling stages). The completely randomized design with five replications per accession was used in both phenological stages. The inoculation in seeding stage was carried out at the time of sowing, while for seedling the inoculation was done 15 days after sowing. In both stages the evaluation occurred 15 days after inoculation using a rating scale. At seeding stage, six accessions were moderately resistant to CMM-2967 of R. solani. However, no accession resistant to CMM-1053 and CMM-1052 isolates was recognized. Three accessions were resistant to CMM-1053 at the seedling stage. Posteriorly, inoculation was carried out using only accessions classified as resistant in the previous evaluations using both phenological stages. For CMM-1053, factorial scheme of 2x4 were used (two stages and four accessions). For assessments against isolate CMM-2967 a factorial scheme of 2x12 (two stages and 12 accessions) was used. We confirmed the results of first two experiments for both isolates. At seeding stage, all accessions were classified as susceptible to CMM-1053. However, at the seedling stage, only Crimson Swett was susceptible. For the CMM-2967, inoculated at the seeding stage, the accessions were classified into two groups (resistant and susceptible) (Scott-Knott at 5%). At seedling stage there was no statistical difference among eleven accessions and they were all classified as resistant. Due to difficulty of finding sources of resistance to damping off, the method of inoculation at seedling stage showed more efficient for this pathosystem and could facilitate the work of breeders and plant pathologists.","PeriodicalId":10983,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, April 08, 2019","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76534722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-20DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1345
L. C. Moura, Aloisio Xavier, A. C. F. Cruz, D. S. Batista, R. Gallo, N. A. Miranda, W. Otoni
Considering the constant improvement of Eucalyptus cloning and the search for new technologies to produce plantlets of this species, somatic embryogenesis has attracted interest from research groups and forestry companies that use advanced genetic breeding and cloning programs. The objective of the present study was to verify the effect of concentrations and sources of calcium, concentrations and effect time of cytokinin BAP and polyamine putrescine on the induction and development of somatic embryos in juvenile explants of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla. Cotyledonary explants were inoculated into culture medium containing calcium chloride (MS medium) or calcium nitrate (JADS medium) as source of calcium. Different concentrations of calcium were also used, for MS medium containing: 4.40 gL-1 (control-Ca), 6.60 gL-1 (50% increase over control - Ca 50) and 8.80 gL-1 (increase of 100% over control – Ca 100) of calcium nitrate; and for JADS medium containing: 11.81 gL-1 (Ca), 17.72 gL-1 (Ca50) and 23.62 gL-1 (Ca100) of calcium chloride. Cotyledon explants were inoculated into the primary induction medium (PIM) containing 20.71 μM picloram as growth regulator. At 10, 20 and 30 days of primary induction, the explants were transferred to the secondary induction medium (SIM) containing 20.71 μM picloram and 11.10 μM BAP or 28.36 μM putrescine. The culture medium containing calcium nitrate provided higher callogenesis when compared to the medium containing calcium chloride. The increase in calcium concentration in the media did not provide higher percentage of induction of somatic pro-embryos. However, the addition of 28.36 μM putrescine to the culture medium provided a higher percentage of induction of somatic embryogenesis. The number of somatic pro-embryos formed per explant was higher when BAP and putrescine were added to the culture medium when compared to medium containing only picloram. To obtain a greater number of somatic pro-embryos of Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla, the JADS culture medium containing 28.36 μM putrecine should be used.
{"title":"Effect of calcium, BAP and putrescine on somatic embryo induction in juvenile explants of Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla hybrids","authors":"L. C. Moura, Aloisio Xavier, A. C. F. Cruz, D. S. Batista, R. Gallo, N. A. Miranda, W. Otoni","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1345","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the constant improvement of Eucalyptus cloning and the search for new technologies to produce plantlets of this species, somatic embryogenesis has attracted interest from research groups and forestry companies that use advanced genetic breeding and cloning programs. The objective of the present study was to verify the effect of concentrations and sources of calcium, concentrations and effect time of cytokinin BAP and polyamine putrescine on the induction and development of somatic embryos in juvenile explants of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla. Cotyledonary explants were inoculated into culture medium containing calcium chloride (MS medium) or calcium nitrate (JADS medium) as source of calcium. Different concentrations of calcium were also used, for MS medium containing: 4.40 gL-1 (control-Ca), 6.60 gL-1 (50% increase over control - Ca 50) and 8.80 gL-1 (increase of 100% over control – Ca 100) of calcium nitrate; and for JADS medium containing: 11.81 gL-1 (Ca), 17.72 gL-1 (Ca50) and 23.62 gL-1 (Ca100) of calcium chloride. Cotyledon explants were inoculated into the primary induction medium (PIM) containing 20.71 μM picloram as growth regulator. At 10, 20 and 30 days of primary induction, the explants were transferred to the secondary induction medium (SIM) containing 20.71 μM picloram and 11.10 μM BAP or 28.36 μM putrescine. The culture medium containing calcium nitrate provided higher callogenesis when compared to the medium containing calcium chloride. The increase in calcium concentration in the media did not provide higher percentage of induction of somatic pro-embryos. However, the addition of 28.36 μM putrescine to the culture medium provided a higher percentage of induction of somatic embryogenesis. The number of somatic pro-embryos formed per explant was higher when BAP and putrescine were added to the culture medium when compared to medium containing only picloram. To obtain a greater number of somatic pro-embryos of Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla, the JADS culture medium containing 28.36 μM putrecine should be used.","PeriodicalId":10983,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, April 08, 2019","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73387588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-20DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1651
A. M. Zuffo, A. Busch, F. Steiner, C. Z. Alves, F. A. Neto, M. A. Santos, G. A. Nogueira, W. Fonseca, A. M. Oliveira, T. D. O. Sousa, A. S. Santos
The economic and scientific interest in Hancornia speciosa Gomes (mangabeira) has increased in recent years, especially due to the commercialization of its fruits and the extraction of natural compounds with high pharmacological potential. This paper aims to determine and correlate the main physical and biometric characteristics of fruits and seeds of mangaba tree, as well as identifying the most appropriate substrate for the seedling emergence test. The following physical and biometric traits were measured in 100 fruits and 100 seeds: longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, thickness, fresh mass, pulp fresh mass, volume, number of seeds. To identify the best substrate, a completely randomized design with two treatments (substrates) and ten replications of 20 seeds was used. The evaluated substrates were: sand and commercial substrate (Plantmax HT®). The shoot height, root length, stem diameter, total dry mass, and the relation between shoot height and stem diameter were evaluated at 50 days after sowing. Mangaba fruits and seeds showed great variations in their biometric traits, in addition to significant and positive correlation predominant in most characteristics. High fruit pulp yield can be optimized with the selection of plants with fruits show greater fresh mass due to the high degree of association between this characteristic and pulp yield. The use of the commercial substrate resulted in higher shoot height, greater number of leaves, and higher shoot height/stem diameter ratio.
{"title":"Biometric characteristics of fruits, seeds and plants of Hancornia speciosa Gomes. (Apocynaceae)","authors":"A. M. Zuffo, A. Busch, F. Steiner, C. Z. Alves, F. A. Neto, M. A. Santos, G. A. Nogueira, W. Fonseca, A. M. Oliveira, T. D. O. Sousa, A. S. Santos","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1651","url":null,"abstract":"The economic and scientific interest in Hancornia speciosa Gomes (mangabeira) has increased in recent years, especially due to the commercialization of its fruits and the extraction of natural compounds with high pharmacological potential. This paper aims to determine and correlate the main physical and biometric characteristics of fruits and seeds of mangaba tree, as well as identifying the most appropriate substrate for the seedling emergence test. The following physical and biometric traits were measured in 100 fruits and 100 seeds: longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, thickness, fresh mass, pulp fresh mass, volume, number of seeds. To identify the best substrate, a completely randomized design with two treatments (substrates) and ten replications of 20 seeds was used. The evaluated substrates were: sand and commercial substrate (Plantmax HT®). The shoot height, root length, stem diameter, total dry mass, and the relation between shoot height and stem diameter were evaluated at 50 days after sowing. Mangaba fruits and seeds showed great variations in their biometric traits, in addition to significant and positive correlation predominant in most characteristics. High fruit pulp yield can be optimized with the selection of plants with fruits show greater fresh mass due to the high degree of association between this characteristic and pulp yield. The use of the commercial substrate resulted in higher shoot height, greater number of leaves, and higher shoot height/stem diameter ratio.","PeriodicalId":10983,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, April 08, 2019","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80731100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-20DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P995
Mara Lúcia Martins Magela, L. Coelho, R. R. Finzi, L. Gontijo
In face of the need to broaden the knowledge about the effects of ashes in eucalypt plantations, this study evaluated the use of ashes in two typical Brazilian soils for forest plantations. The experiment was done in a greenhouse, from November 19 to December 19 (2014), in Uberlândia, MG. The ashes were obtained from eucalypt wood and bark, eucalypt twigs and leaves, pine wood and bark and sugar cane bagasse, applied to a sandy soil (experiment 1) or to a clayey one (experiment 2). In each experiment, incubation tests were done in a completely randomized design as 4×2+1 factorial consisting of four ash sources. Vegetative ash biomass from eucalypt wood and bark (EWB), eucalypt twigs and leaves (ETL), pine wood and bark (PWB) and sugar cane bagasse (SCB), two doses (200 and 400 kg ha-1), and a control (with no silicon source), with three replications. Soluble silicon, pH, and exchangeable Ca and Mg were determined after incubating the soils for 30 days. PWB supplied more Si to both soils. The SCB did not increase Ca and Mg to either soil, regardless of the dose. The ashes that most reduced soil acidity in the sandy soil were those of eucalypt, at 400 kg ha-1, while no pH change was observed in the clayey one. The best silicon source evaluated for both soils was pine wood and bark (PWB) at 400 kg ha-1; however, EWB and ETL should be used whenever available.
面对扩大对桉树种植园灰烬影响的认识的需要，本研究评估了在两种典型的巴西森林种植园土壤中使用灰烬。实验于2014年11月19日至12月19日在MG uberl印度的一个温室中进行。从桉树木材和树皮、桉树树枝和叶子、松树木材和树皮以及甘蔗甘蔗渣中获得灰烬，将其施用于砂质土壤(实验1)或粘土土壤(实验2)。在每个实验中，孵育试验采用完全随机设计，4×2+1因子由四个灰源组成。桉树木材和树皮(EWB)、桉树树枝和叶子(ETL)、松木和树皮(PWB)和甘蔗甘蔗渣(SCB)的无性灰分生物量，两个剂量(200和400 kg ha-1)和一个对照(无硅源)，3个重复。土壤培养30天后测定可溶性硅、pH、交换性钙、镁。PWB为两种土壤提供了更多的硅。SCB不增加钙和镁在土壤中的含量，无论剂量如何。400 kg ha-1时，砂质土中桉树灰分对土壤酸度降低最大，而粘土土中pH值未发生变化。两种土壤的最佳硅源均为400 kg ha-1松木和树皮;但是，只要有EWB和ETL，就应该使用它们。
{"title":"Vegetative ash biomass as a potential source of silicon for soils in eucalyptus plantation","authors":"Mara Lúcia Martins Magela, L. Coelho, R. R. Finzi, L. Gontijo","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P995","url":null,"abstract":"In face of the need to broaden the knowledge about the effects of ashes in eucalypt plantations, this study evaluated the use of ashes in two typical Brazilian soils for forest plantations. The experiment was done in a greenhouse, from November 19 to December 19 (2014), in Uberlândia, MG. The ashes were obtained from eucalypt wood and bark, eucalypt twigs and leaves, pine wood and bark and sugar cane bagasse, applied to a sandy soil (experiment 1) or to a clayey one (experiment 2). In each experiment, incubation tests were done in a completely randomized design as 4×2+1 factorial consisting of four ash sources. Vegetative ash biomass from eucalypt wood and bark (EWB), eucalypt twigs and leaves (ETL), pine wood and bark (PWB) and sugar cane bagasse (SCB), two doses (200 and 400 kg ha-1), and a control (with no silicon source), with three replications. Soluble silicon, pH, and exchangeable Ca and Mg were determined after incubating the soils for 30 days. PWB supplied more Si to both soils. The SCB did not increase Ca and Mg to either soil, regardless of the dose. The ashes that most reduced soil acidity in the sandy soil were those of eucalypt, at 400 kg ha-1, while no pH change was observed in the clayey one. The best silicon source evaluated for both soils was pine wood and bark (PWB) at 400 kg ha-1; however, EWB and ETL should be used whenever available.","PeriodicalId":10983,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, April 08, 2019","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80344206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-20DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P989
G. O. Santos, R. T. Faria, Gárdia Rodrigues, G. D. F. Dantas, N. R. Costa
The present study was performed to evaluate the responses in productivity and nutrient extraction in dry biomass of Brachiaria brizantha ‘Marandu’ fertigated with treated sewage effluent (TSE) from 2013 to 2014, in Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil. A triple line source sprinkler system was used to perform uniform but gradual irrigation of TSE and mineral fertilization in five treatments, with the following TSE fractions in water: 1.0 (E5); 0.87 (E4); 0.6 (E3); 0.31 (E2), and 0.11 (E1). In addition to fertigation, all treatments were supplemented with P and K. TSE was applied at depths of 1,853 and 2,253 mm year-1 in 2013 and 2014, respectively. This provided E5 with the following amounts of N, P, K, and Na (kg ha-1): 931, 27, 314, and 894, in 2013, and 1,132, 21, 463, and 1,428, in 2014. The most relevant effects on B. brizantha dry biomass yield and nutrient extraction were obtained with higher doses of TSE. The extract of macronutrients was higher for K and N, followed by K, Ca, Mg, and Na. Based on the responses in productivity and nutrient extraction of soil by the crop as a function of TSE fertilization without soil contamination, we propose that increased fertilizer application be studied further.
{"title":"Productivity and nutrient extraction by Brachiaria brizantha fertigated with treated sewage effluent","authors":"G. O. Santos, R. T. Faria, Gárdia Rodrigues, G. D. F. Dantas, N. R. Costa","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P989","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was performed to evaluate the responses in productivity and nutrient extraction in dry biomass of Brachiaria brizantha ‘Marandu’ fertigated with treated sewage effluent (TSE) from 2013 to 2014, in Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil. A triple line source sprinkler system was used to perform uniform but gradual irrigation of TSE and mineral fertilization in five treatments, with the following TSE fractions in water: 1.0 (E5); 0.87 (E4); 0.6 (E3); 0.31 (E2), and 0.11 (E1). In addition to fertigation, all treatments were supplemented with P and K. TSE was applied at depths of 1,853 and 2,253 mm year-1 in 2013 and 2014, respectively. This provided E5 with the following amounts of N, P, K, and Na (kg ha-1): 931, 27, 314, and 894, in 2013, and 1,132, 21, 463, and 1,428, in 2014. The most relevant effects on B. brizantha dry biomass yield and nutrient extraction were obtained with higher doses of TSE. The extract of macronutrients was higher for K and N, followed by K, Ca, Mg, and Na. Based on the responses in productivity and nutrient extraction of soil by the crop as a function of TSE fertilization without soil contamination, we propose that increased fertilizer application be studied further.","PeriodicalId":10983,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, April 08, 2019","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82283391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-20DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1452
F. O. Reis, J. H. R. Araujo, H. Braun, A. C. V. N. Junior, A. Pereira
Turiaçu is a traditional pineapple cultivar in the state of Maranhão, Brazil, and its fruits have high potential for the fresh fruit market due to consumer acceptance. This cultivar is in the process of domestication, but information on the quality of its fruits and their standards for marketing is scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biometric and chemical characteristics of the Turiaçu pineapple cultivar and the Pérola cultivar, which are grown in the main pineapple producing areas—Turiaçu, and São Domingos do Maranhão—in the state of Maranhão. The fruits were harvested at the green stage to evaluate the following biometric characteristics: fruit weight, infructescence weight, pulp yield, crown, peel and total residues, and base to apex diameter ratio; and the following chemical characteristics—total soluble solids (TSS), total titratable acidity (TTA), and TSS to TTA chemical ratio. The Turiaçu cultivar presented higher fruit and infructescence weights, more cylindrical fruits, and pulp with higher TSS concentration and less acidity, compared to the Pérola cultivar. Fruits of the Turiaçu cultivar had more desirable biometric and chemical qualities for the consumer market— they were large, cylindrical, sweet, and with low acidity—, compared to those of the Pérola cultivar.
turiau是巴西maranh州的一种传统菠萝品种，由于消费者的接受，它的果实在新鲜水果市场上具有很高的潜力。该品种正处于驯化过程中，但有关其果实质量和销售标准的信息很少。本研究的目的是评价种植在主要菠萝产区——图里亚帕拉苏和多明戈斯·马拉尼赫 o - maranh o -的图里亚帕拉苏菠萝品种和p罗拉品种的生物特征和化学特性。在青期采收果实，评价其生物特征:果实重量、果序重量、果肉产量、树冠、果皮和总残量、基部与先端直径比;以及以下化学特性——总可溶性固形物(TSS)、总可滴定酸度(TTA)和TSS / TTA化学比。结果表明，与p罗拉品种相比，图里亚帕鲁品种的果实和果核质量更高，果实呈圆柱形，果肉TSS浓度更高，酸度更低。对于消费市场来说，turia品种的果实具有更理想的生物特征和化学品质——它们大，圆柱形，甜，低酸度——与p品种相比。
{"title":"Fruit quality of a traditional pineapple cultivar (Turiaçu) compared to the most popular cultivar (Pérola) in Brazil","authors":"F. O. Reis, J. H. R. Araujo, H. Braun, A. C. V. N. Junior, A. Pereira","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1452","url":null,"abstract":"Turiaçu is a traditional pineapple cultivar in the state of Maranhão, Brazil, and its fruits have high potential for the fresh fruit market due to consumer acceptance. This cultivar is in the process of domestication, but information on the quality of its fruits and their standards for marketing is scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biometric and chemical characteristics of the Turiaçu pineapple cultivar and the Pérola cultivar, which are grown in the main pineapple producing areas—Turiaçu, and São Domingos do Maranhão—in the state of Maranhão. The fruits were harvested at the green stage to evaluate the following biometric characteristics: fruit weight, infructescence weight, pulp yield, crown, peel and total residues, and base to apex diameter ratio; and the following chemical characteristics—total soluble solids (TSS), total titratable acidity (TTA), and TSS to TTA chemical ratio. The Turiaçu cultivar presented higher fruit and infructescence weights, more cylindrical fruits, and pulp with higher TSS concentration and less acidity, compared to the Pérola cultivar. Fruits of the Turiaçu cultivar had more desirable biometric and chemical qualities for the consumer market— they were large, cylindrical, sweet, and with low acidity—, compared to those of the Pérola cultivar.","PeriodicalId":10983,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, April 08, 2019","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83628994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1630
N. Sidik, R. M. Yazid, Dhalila Zafirah Mohd Dahlan, B. Othman, I. Ismail
Cadmium (Cd) contamination of urban and agricultural soils is toxic to humans, animals and may cause negative effects on plant growth and crop production. The existing conventional methods are found to be not efficient to remove Cd from contaminated soil. The present experiment reports the analysis of nine T1 lines of transgenic tobacco carrying metallothionein gene (eiMT1) from Eleusine indica, with potential for high efficiency to remediate Cd in contaminated soils. Thirty-days old tobacco plants were treated with different concentrations of CdNO3 (0, 50, 100 and, 150 µmol) for seven days and the accumulation of Cd in the whole seedling was quantitatively determined by using atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). All transgenic tobacco lines showed greater tolerance and accumulated higher level of Cd than the wild type with lines 18D, 20D1 and, 18C were among the highest (678.7, 623.0 and 611.9 mgkg-1 Cd, respectively). Meanwhile, transgenic tobacco lines 18B1 and 20D1 showed higher expression of eiMT1 gene. These results suggest that the cadmium accumulation in transgenic tobacco did not strictly associate with the expression level of eiMT1 gene. However, expression of eiMT1 greatly required for higher accumulation of Cd in transgenic tobacco seedling.
{"title":"Accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in T1 transgenic tobacco seedlings expressing metallothionein gene from Eleusine indica","authors":"N. Sidik, R. M. Yazid, Dhalila Zafirah Mohd Dahlan, B. Othman, I. Ismail","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1630","url":null,"abstract":"Cadmium (Cd) contamination of urban and agricultural soils is toxic to humans, animals and may cause negative effects on plant growth and crop production. The existing conventional methods are found to be not efficient to remove Cd from contaminated soil. The present experiment reports the analysis of nine T1 lines of transgenic tobacco carrying metallothionein gene (eiMT1) from Eleusine indica, with potential for high efficiency to remediate Cd in contaminated soils. Thirty-days old tobacco plants were treated with different concentrations of CdNO3 (0, 50, 100 and, 150 µmol) for seven days and the accumulation of Cd in the whole seedling was quantitatively determined by using atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). All transgenic tobacco lines showed greater tolerance and accumulated higher level of Cd than the wild type with lines 18D, 20D1 and, 18C were among the highest (678.7, 623.0 and 611.9 mgkg-1 Cd, respectively). Meanwhile, transgenic tobacco lines 18B1 and 20D1 showed higher expression of eiMT1 gene. These results suggest that the cadmium accumulation in transgenic tobacco did not strictly associate with the expression level of eiMT1 gene. However, expression of eiMT1 greatly required for higher accumulation of Cd in transgenic tobacco seedling.","PeriodicalId":10983,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, April 08, 2019","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83522114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1581
Muhammed Alsamir, N. Ahmad, V. Arief, T. Mahmood, R. Trethowan
Tomato is a mild season crop and high temperature stress impacts productivity negatively. However, the development of cultivars with improved heat tolerance is possible as genetic variability has been consistently reported. This study aimed to identify candidate genes that impact various traits under heat stress. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were conducted on a diverse set of 144 tomato genotypes collected from various germplasm centers and breeding programs. The genotypes were grown under control and heat stress in poly tunnels having mean temperatures of 30°C and 45°C for two seasons and phenotypic data were collected on seven agro-physiological traits. All individuals were genotyped withthe80K DArTseq platform using 31237 SNP markers. Data were analysed using a mixed model based on restricted maximum likelihood (REML). Pattern analysis of the phenotypic data showed five primary clusters each with genotypes from multiple origins. Based on the genotypic data, three wild tomato genotypes showed a degree of un-relatedness with the other materials as they were distantly located from the rest of the genotypes in the scatter plot. Control treatment data were used to ascertain markers that are exclusively important under high temperature stress. A large number of markers were significantly associated with various traits under heat stress. These included strong marker associations for number of inflorescence/plant (IPP), number of flowers/inflorescence (FPI), fresh fruit weight (FFrW), and electrolyte leakage (EL). High association with EL was found due to two SNPs 7858523|F|0-25:G>A-25:G>A and 4705224|F|0-60:C>G-60:C>G located on Chr 6. Other less pronounced marker-trait associations were observed for plant dry weight (PDW), and number of fruit/plant (FrPP).
{"title":"Phenotypic diversity and marker-trait association studies under heat stress in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)","authors":"Muhammed Alsamir, N. Ahmad, V. Arief, T. Mahmood, R. Trethowan","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.19.13.04.P1581","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato is a mild season crop and high temperature stress impacts productivity negatively. However, the development of cultivars with improved heat tolerance is possible as genetic variability has been consistently reported. This study aimed to identify candidate genes that impact various traits under heat stress. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were conducted on a diverse set of 144 tomato genotypes collected from various germplasm centers and breeding programs. The genotypes were grown under control and heat stress in poly tunnels having mean temperatures of 30°C and 45°C for two seasons and phenotypic data were collected on seven agro-physiological traits. All individuals were genotyped withthe80K DArTseq platform using 31237 SNP markers. Data were analysed using a mixed model based on restricted maximum likelihood (REML). Pattern analysis of the phenotypic data showed five primary clusters each with genotypes from multiple origins. Based on the genotypic data, three wild tomato genotypes showed a degree of un-relatedness with the other materials as they were distantly located from the rest of the genotypes in the scatter plot. Control treatment data were used to ascertain markers that are exclusively important under high temperature stress. A large number of markers were significantly associated with various traits under heat stress. These included strong marker associations for number of inflorescence/plant (IPP), number of flowers/inflorescence (FPI), fresh fruit weight (FFrW), and electrolyte leakage (EL). High association with EL was found due to two SNPs 7858523|F|0-25:G>A-25:G>A and 4705224|F|0-60:C>G-60:C>G located on Chr 6. Other less pronounced marker-trait associations were observed for plant dry weight (PDW), and number of fruit/plant (FrPP).","PeriodicalId":10983,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, April 08, 2019","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87763504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The goal was to search for a replacement of CaCl2 which presents the most widely used accelerator for oil well cement used in cold and arctic environments and sometimes in deepwater drilling. For this purpose, novel calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) nanoparticles were synthesized and tested. The C-S-H was synthesized by the precipitation method in an aqueous solution of polycarboxylate (PCE) comb polymer which is widely used as concrete superplasticizer. The resulting C-S-H-PCE suspension was tested in the UCA instrument as seeding material to initiate the crystallization of cement and thus accelerate cement hydration as well as shorten the thickening time at low temperature. It was found that in PCE solution, C-S-H precipitates first as nano-sized droplets (Ø ~20 - 50 nm) exhibiting a PCE shell. Following a rare, non-classical nucleation mechanism, the globules convert slowly to nanofoils (HR TEM images: l ~ 50 nm, d ~ 5 nm) which present excellent seeding materials for the formation of C-S-H from the silicate phases C3S/C2S present in cement. Thickening time tests performed at + 4 °C in an atmospheric consistometer revealed stronger acceleration than from CaCl2 while very low slurry viscosity was maintained, as was evidenced from rheological measurements. Accelerated strength development was checked on UCA cured at + 4 °C and under pressure, especially the wait on cement time was significantly reduced. Furthermore, combinations of C-S-H-PCE and HEC as well as an ATBS-based sulfonated fluid loss polymer were tested. It was found that this C-S-H- based nanocomposite is fully compatible with these additives. The novel accelerator based on a C-S-H-PCE nanocomposite solves the problems generally associated with CaCl2, namely undesired viscosity increase, poor compatibility with other additives and corrosiveness against steel pipes and casing.
{"title":"C-S-H-PCE Nanofoils: A New Generation of Accelerators for Oil Well Cement","authors":"J. Plank, Timon Echt","doi":"10.2118/193639-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/193639-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The goal was to search for a replacement of CaCl2 which presents the most widely used accelerator for oil well cement used in cold and arctic environments and sometimes in deepwater drilling. For this purpose, novel calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) nanoparticles were synthesized and tested. The C-S-H was synthesized by the precipitation method in an aqueous solution of polycarboxylate (PCE) comb polymer which is widely used as concrete superplasticizer. The resulting C-S-H-PCE suspension was tested in the UCA instrument as seeding material to initiate the crystallization of cement and thus accelerate cement hydration as well as shorten the thickening time at low temperature. It was found that in PCE solution, C-S-H precipitates first as nano-sized droplets (Ø ~20 - 50 nm) exhibiting a PCE shell. Following a rare, non-classical nucleation mechanism, the globules convert slowly to nanofoils (HR TEM images: l ~ 50 nm, d ~ 5 nm) which present excellent seeding materials for the formation of C-S-H from the silicate phases C3S/C2S present in cement. Thickening time tests performed at + 4 °C in an atmospheric consistometer revealed stronger acceleration than from CaCl2 while very low slurry viscosity was maintained, as was evidenced from rheological measurements. Accelerated strength development was checked on UCA cured at + 4 °C and under pressure, especially the wait on cement time was significantly reduced. Furthermore, combinations of C-S-H-PCE and HEC as well as an ATBS-based sulfonated fluid loss polymer were tested. It was found that this C-S-H- based nanocomposite is fully compatible with these additives. The novel accelerator based on a C-S-H-PCE nanocomposite solves the problems generally associated with CaCl2, namely undesired viscosity increase, poor compatibility with other additives and corrosiveness against steel pipes and casing.","PeriodicalId":10983,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, April 08, 2019","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87847376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ilia Partch, J. Ferrell, D. Morrison, E. Salinas, S. Franks
In cementing applications, the release of gas is used to prevent shrinkage of the set cement in an annulus. With a significant decrease of volume of the wellbore, long term annular isolation may result in microfractures of the cement system; therefore, a failure of the cement bond (Go Boncan and Dillenbeck 2003). Currently, there is not a recommended procedure to quantitatively measure cement additives that facilitate gas expansion. This paper describes a methodical approach to quantify gas expansion within cement slurries. Traditionally, a known rudimentary technique in measuring gas expansion in cement slurries is to use a glass beaker and to record the observations. Under static and atmospheric conditions, a graduated cylinder has been used to quantitatively measure the displacement of gas release within the annulus at ambient conditions. The new method developed in this paper will demonstrate that gas was being expelled into the atmosphere when the cement slurry containing gas generating additives was tested under ambient conditions. The procedure developed here will demonstrate that gas was entrained within the cement matrix. An initial assessment of varying particle sizes of coated aluminum granules in a caustic solution showed that a consistent volume of gas was released. This working hypothesis was substantiated by measuring the volume of gas released within a closed system using a data logger. To ensure validation of this procedure, in-situ gas producing cement slurries were measured utilizing this method. With this experimental setup, quantifying the measurement of released gas from the cement matrix confirmed that variation of particle size does not affect performance. Gas volume displacement measurement using an inverted graduated cylinder was set up to quantitatively determine the volume of the released gas within the cement matrix with the utilization of a stir plate. The system utilized polytetrafluorethylene tubing to transport the released gas that was produced from the matrix to the inverted graduated cylinder that was filled with deionized water. The released gas volume was assessed by displacement. The enclosed dynamic apparatus with an inverted graduated cylinder was fitted with a paddle. This experimental setup enabled a homogenous blend and prevented void formation as the matrix was continuously agitated. This enclosed dynamic apparatus prevented the release of gas to be consumed by the atmosphere and gas entrainment. With the utilization of this procedure, the functionality of the gas expansion additive was fully attained without hindering performance and the gas release profile was controlled. This technique exhibited reproducibility and the theoretical gas release volumes were as calculated. After placement, the cement systems must preserve their integrity and provide zonal isolation during the life of the well. It has been possible to accommodate a wide range of conditions through the development of cementing add
在固井应用中，气体的释放用于防止环空固井水泥浆的收缩。随着井筒体积的显著减小，长期环空隔离可能会导致水泥体系出现微裂缝;因此，水泥粘结的失败(Go Boncan and Dillenbeck 2003)。目前，还没有一个推荐的方法来定量测量促进气体膨胀的水泥添加剂。本文描述了一种量化水泥浆中气体膨胀的方法。传统上，测量水泥浆中气体膨胀的一种已知的基本技术是使用玻璃烧杯并记录观察结果。在静态和常压条件下，采用分度圆柱体定量测量环空气体释放位移。本文开发的新方法将证明，当在环境条件下测试含有产气添加剂的水泥浆时，气体被排出到大气中。这里开发的程序将证明气体被夹带在水泥基质中。在苛性碱溶液中，对不同粒径的涂覆铝颗粒的初步评估表明，释放了一致体积的气体。通过使用数据记录仪测量封闭系统内释放的气体体积，证实了这一工作假设。为了确保该程序的有效性，利用该方法对现场产气水泥浆进行了测量。通过该实验装置，量化了水泥基质中释放气体的测量结果，证实了颗粒大小的变化不会影响性能。利用搅拌板，建立了用倒刻度圆筒进行气体体积位移测量的方法，定量测定水泥基体内释放气体的体积。该系统利用聚四氟乙烯管将从基质中产生的释放气体输送到装满去离子水的倒置分级圆柱体中。通过驱替来评估释放的气体体积。倒置刻度圆柱体的封闭式动力装置装有桨叶。该实验装置使混合均匀，并防止了基体连续搅拌时形成空隙。这种封闭的动力装置防止气体被大气消耗和气体夹带的释放。利用该方法，在不影响性能的情况下，充分发挥了气体膨胀添加剂的功能，并控制了气体释放曲线。该方法重现性好，理论气体释放量与计算结果一致。安装后，水泥系统必须保持其完整性，并在井的生命周期内提供层间隔离。通过开发水泥添加剂，可以根据不同的井要求对不同的波特兰水泥进行改性，从而可以适应各种不同的条件。在水泥与水的标准比例硬化阶段，水泥体系变得固体，渗透率低。由于水泥基质的存在，在部分含水饱和的孔隙中，气体的释放不能以可量化的速率运移。具有高水灰比的低密度水泥体系具有高渗透率。因此，气体有可能以较低的速率流动并最终到达地面。为防止环空收缩和高渗透性而专门制造的气体膨胀添加剂;从而保持了井隔离的完整性。
{"title":"Quantifying Volume Expansion of Gas-Generating Materials in Cement Slurries","authors":"Ilia Partch, J. Ferrell, D. Morrison, E. Salinas, S. Franks","doi":"10.2118/193624-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/193624-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In cementing applications, the release of gas is used to prevent shrinkage of the set cement in an annulus. With a significant decrease of volume of the wellbore, long term annular isolation may result in microfractures of the cement system; therefore, a failure of the cement bond (Go Boncan and Dillenbeck 2003). Currently, there is not a recommended procedure to quantitatively measure cement additives that facilitate gas expansion. This paper describes a methodical approach to quantify gas expansion within cement slurries.\u0000 Traditionally, a known rudimentary technique in measuring gas expansion in cement slurries is to use a glass beaker and to record the observations. Under static and atmospheric conditions, a graduated cylinder has been used to quantitatively measure the displacement of gas release within the annulus at ambient conditions. The new method developed in this paper will demonstrate that gas was being expelled into the atmosphere when the cement slurry containing gas generating additives was tested under ambient conditions. The procedure developed here will demonstrate that gas was entrained within the cement matrix.\u0000 An initial assessment of varying particle sizes of coated aluminum granules in a caustic solution showed that a consistent volume of gas was released. This working hypothesis was substantiated by measuring the volume of gas released within a closed system using a data logger. To ensure validation of this procedure, in-situ gas producing cement slurries were measured utilizing this method. With this experimental setup, quantifying the measurement of released gas from the cement matrix confirmed that variation of particle size does not affect performance.\u0000 Gas volume displacement measurement using an inverted graduated cylinder was set up to quantitatively determine the volume of the released gas within the cement matrix with the utilization of a stir plate. The system utilized polytetrafluorethylene tubing to transport the released gas that was produced from the matrix to the inverted graduated cylinder that was filled with deionized water. The released gas volume was assessed by displacement.\u0000 The enclosed dynamic apparatus with an inverted graduated cylinder was fitted with a paddle. This experimental setup enabled a homogenous blend and prevented void formation as the matrix was continuously agitated. This enclosed dynamic apparatus prevented the release of gas to be consumed by the atmosphere and gas entrainment. With the utilization of this procedure, the functionality of the gas expansion additive was fully attained without hindering performance and the gas release profile was controlled. This technique exhibited reproducibility and the theoretical gas release volumes were as calculated.\u0000 After placement, the cement systems must preserve their integrity and provide zonal isolation during the life of the well. It has been possible to accommodate a wide range of conditions through the development of cementing add","PeriodicalId":10983,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, April 08, 2019","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82884910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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