Caio Wolf Klein, Jéssica Kuntz Maykot, E. Ghisi, L. Thives
The objective of this study was to carry out the financial feasibility analysis of harvesting rainwater from permeable pavements in a city square. A case study was carried out in a square close to the beach in the city of Florianópolis, Brazil. Questionnaires were applied to pedestrians who circulate within the area. The square is to be implemented to promote sustainability and improve the user’s quality of life. From the rainfall data and the average daily water demand for irrigation of the square vegetation, the volume of rainwater to be harvested from the permeable pavement was calculated. The rainwater demand was estimated as 662 L/day. The implementation and operation costs of the pavement and irrigation systems were evaluated. The potential for potable water savings was 89.8%. The payback period was estimated as 347 months. This study showed that rainwater collected from permeable pavements is financially feasible and represents a promising technique.
{"title":"Financial Feasibility of Harvesting Rainwater from Permeable Pavements: A Case Study in a City Square","authors":"Caio Wolf Klein, Jéssica Kuntz Maykot, E. Ghisi, L. Thives","doi":"10.3390/sci5010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sci5010001","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to carry out the financial feasibility analysis of harvesting rainwater from permeable pavements in a city square. A case study was carried out in a square close to the beach in the city of Florianópolis, Brazil. Questionnaires were applied to pedestrians who circulate within the area. The square is to be implemented to promote sustainability and improve the user’s quality of life. From the rainfall data and the average daily water demand for irrigation of the square vegetation, the volume of rainwater to be harvested from the permeable pavement was calculated. The rainwater demand was estimated as 662 L/day. The implementation and operation costs of the pavement and irrigation systems were evaluated. The potential for potable water savings was 89.8%. The payback period was estimated as 347 months. This study showed that rainwater collected from permeable pavements is financially feasible and represents a promising technique.","PeriodicalId":10987,"journal":{"name":"Decis. Sci.","volume":"27 16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84939944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Technical systems generate an increasing amount of data as integrated sensors become more available. Even so, data are still often scarce because of technical limitations of sensors, an expensive labelling process, or rare concepts, such as machine faults, which are hard to capture. Data scarcity leads to incomplete information about a concept of interest. This contribution details causes and effects of scarce data in technical systems. To this end, a typology is introduced which defines different types of incompleteness. Based on this, machine learning and information fusion methods are presented and discussed that are specifically designed to deal with scarce data. The paper closes with a motivation and a call for further research efforts into a combination of machine learning and information fusion.
{"title":"Scarce Data in Intelligent Technical Systems: Causes, Characteristics, and Implications","authors":"Christoph-Alexander Holst, V. Lohweg","doi":"10.3390/sci4040049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sci4040049","url":null,"abstract":"Technical systems generate an increasing amount of data as integrated sensors become more available. Even so, data are still often scarce because of technical limitations of sensors, an expensive labelling process, or rare concepts, such as machine faults, which are hard to capture. Data scarcity leads to incomplete information about a concept of interest. This contribution details causes and effects of scarce data in technical systems. To this end, a typology is introduced which defines different types of incompleteness. Based on this, machine learning and information fusion methods are presented and discussed that are specifically designed to deal with scarce data. The paper closes with a motivation and a call for further research efforts into a combination of machine learning and information fusion.","PeriodicalId":10987,"journal":{"name":"Decis. Sci.","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73755685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Whilst several methods exist to provide sample estimates of the probability distribution function at several points, for the probability density of continuous stochastic variables, only a gross representation through the histogram is typically used. It is shown that the newly introduced concept of knowable moments (K-moments) can provide smooth empirical representations of the distribution function, which in turn can yield point and interval estimates of the density function at a large number of points or even at any arbitrary point within the range of the available observations. The proposed framework is simple to apply and is illustrated with several applications for a variety of distribution functions.
{"title":"Replacing Histogram with Smooth Empirical Probability Density Function Estimated by K-Moments","authors":"Demetris Koutsoyiannis","doi":"10.3390/sci4040050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sci4040050","url":null,"abstract":"Whilst several methods exist to provide sample estimates of the probability distribution function at several points, for the probability density of continuous stochastic variables, only a gross representation through the histogram is typically used. It is shown that the newly introduced concept of knowable moments (K-moments) can provide smooth empirical representations of the distribution function, which in turn can yield point and interval estimates of the density function at a large number of points or even at any arbitrary point within the range of the available observations. The proposed framework is simple to apply and is illustrated with several applications for a variety of distribution functions.","PeriodicalId":10987,"journal":{"name":"Decis. Sci.","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85199087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, briquettes from mattress waste are manufactured and the acoustic properties of the materials produced are checked. Briquettes are made at temperatures between 170 and 185 °C using waste from viscoelastic memory foam (VMF) and applying pressures between 25 and 75 MPa. Later, the properties of the materials such as their bulk density, porosity, and compaction factor are measured. Afterwards, the materials are subjected to a test to determine the sound reduction index at different frequencies. This is completed with a home-made system in which the acoustic signal is compared in the presence and absence of the mattress briquettes using MATLAB® software (Mathworks, Natick, MA, USA) for signal computing. The results are also compared with a reference acoustic insulation material. The runs show that the materials produced from mattress waste are able to reduce the intensity of sound in a similar way to commercial materials. In fact, reduction indices with prepared briquettes are much higher in the frequencies that most affect the human ear, compared to a reference insulating material.
{"title":"Production of Acoustic Insulating Materials from Viscoelastic Mattress Waste","authors":"J. Conesa, Eugenio Tomás","doi":"10.3390/sci4040048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sci4040048","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, briquettes from mattress waste are manufactured and the acoustic properties of the materials produced are checked. Briquettes are made at temperatures between 170 and 185 °C using waste from viscoelastic memory foam (VMF) and applying pressures between 25 and 75 MPa. Later, the properties of the materials such as their bulk density, porosity, and compaction factor are measured. Afterwards, the materials are subjected to a test to determine the sound reduction index at different frequencies. This is completed with a home-made system in which the acoustic signal is compared in the presence and absence of the mattress briquettes using MATLAB® software (Mathworks, Natick, MA, USA) for signal computing. The results are also compared with a reference acoustic insulation material. The runs show that the materials produced from mattress waste are able to reduce the intensity of sound in a similar way to commercial materials. In fact, reduction indices with prepared briquettes are much higher in the frequencies that most affect the human ear, compared to a reference insulating material.","PeriodicalId":10987,"journal":{"name":"Decis. Sci.","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72595752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Artificial neural networks in their various different forms convincingly dominate machine learning of the present day. Nevertheless, the manner in which these networks are trained, in particular by using end-to-end backpropagation, presents a major limitation in practice and hampers research, and raises questions with regard to the very fundamentals of the learning algorithm design. Motivated by these challenges and the contrast between the phenomenology of biological (natural) neural networks that artificial ones are inspired by and the learning processes underlying the former, there has been an increasing amount of research on the design of biologically plausible means of training artificial neural networks. In this paper we (i) describe a biologically plausible learning method that takes advantage of various biological processes, such as Hebbian synaptic plasticity, and includes both supervised and unsupervised elements, (ii) conduct a series of experiments aimed at elucidating the advantages and disadvantages of the described biologically plausible learning as compared with end-to-end backpropagation, and (iii) discuss the findings which should serve as a means of illuminating the algorithmic fundamentals of interest and directing future research. Among our findings is the greater resilience of biologically plausible learning to data scarcity, which conforms to our expectations, but also its lesser robustness to additive, zero mean Gaussian noise.
{"title":"Towards New Generation, Biologically Plausible Deep Neural Network Learning","authors":"Anirudh Apparaju, Ognjen Arandjelovíc","doi":"10.3390/sci4040046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sci4040046","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial neural networks in their various different forms convincingly dominate machine learning of the present day. Nevertheless, the manner in which these networks are trained, in particular by using end-to-end backpropagation, presents a major limitation in practice and hampers research, and raises questions with regard to the very fundamentals of the learning algorithm design. Motivated by these challenges and the contrast between the phenomenology of biological (natural) neural networks that artificial ones are inspired by and the learning processes underlying the former, there has been an increasing amount of research on the design of biologically plausible means of training artificial neural networks. In this paper we (i) describe a biologically plausible learning method that takes advantage of various biological processes, such as Hebbian synaptic plasticity, and includes both supervised and unsupervised elements, (ii) conduct a series of experiments aimed at elucidating the advantages and disadvantages of the described biologically plausible learning as compared with end-to-end backpropagation, and (iii) discuss the findings which should serve as a means of illuminating the algorithmic fundamentals of interest and directing future research. Among our findings is the greater resilience of biologically plausible learning to data scarcity, which conforms to our expectations, but also its lesser robustness to additive, zero mean Gaussian noise.","PeriodicalId":10987,"journal":{"name":"Decis. Sci.","volume":"152 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75780769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper addresses the management of digital–informational transformation of industrial enterprises. Any transformation requires the coordinated action of several independent actors. Similarly, the digital–informational transformation required for the fourth industrial revolution (i.e., Industry 4.0) requires the involvement of multiple actors from the public and private sectors. This applies to an individual company as well as to the entire sector, regardless of the desired level of transformation. The increasing dissolution of boundaries between industrial and non-industrial actors is therefore essential for Industry 4.0. This paper addresses the above dissolution activities, focusing on cross-company networks and management issues. The management aspects of the following factors are examined: culture change, strategies, degree of digitalization, degree of networking, Internet of Things, digital ecosystems, human resources, organizational development, hierarchies, cross-functional collaboration, cost drivers, innovation pressures, supply chains, enterprise resource planning systems and corporate acquisitions/mergers. Based on the findings on the above factors, a management-driven model of the “transformation to Industry 4.0” for manufacturing companies is presented and discussed. This work thus complements the existing literature on Industry 4.0, as the majority of the literature on Industry 4.0 deals with technical problem solving at the field level.
{"title":"Industry 4.0 from An Entrepreneurial Transformation and Financing Perspective","authors":"K. Lucks","doi":"10.3390/sci4040047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sci4040047","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the management of digital–informational transformation of industrial enterprises. Any transformation requires the coordinated action of several independent actors. Similarly, the digital–informational transformation required for the fourth industrial revolution (i.e., Industry 4.0) requires the involvement of multiple actors from the public and private sectors. This applies to an individual company as well as to the entire sector, regardless of the desired level of transformation. The increasing dissolution of boundaries between industrial and non-industrial actors is therefore essential for Industry 4.0. This paper addresses the above dissolution activities, focusing on cross-company networks and management issues. The management aspects of the following factors are examined: culture change, strategies, degree of digitalization, degree of networking, Internet of Things, digital ecosystems, human resources, organizational development, hierarchies, cross-functional collaboration, cost drivers, innovation pressures, supply chains, enterprise resource planning systems and corporate acquisitions/mergers. Based on the findings on the above factors, a management-driven model of the “transformation to Industry 4.0” for manufacturing companies is presented and discussed. This work thus complements the existing literature on Industry 4.0, as the majority of the literature on Industry 4.0 deals with technical problem solving at the field level.","PeriodicalId":10987,"journal":{"name":"Decis. Sci.","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81986276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The goal of this paper is to provide an initial assessment of water-vapor feedback (WVF) in humid urban heat island (UHI) environments based on temperature difference data. To achieve this, a novel temperature difference WVF model was developed that can analyze global and UHI local temperature difference data. Specifically, the model was applied to a comparative temperature literature study of similar cities located in humid versus dry climates. The literature study found that the daytime UHI ΔT was observed to be 3.3 K higher in humid compared to dry climates when averaged over thirty-nine cities. Since the direct measurement of WVF in UHI areas could prove challenging due to variations in the temperature lapse rates from tall buildings, modeling provides an opportunity to make a preliminary assessment where measurements may be difficult. Thus, the results provide the first available UHI ΔT WVF model assessment. The preliminary results find local water-vapor feedback values for wet-biased cities of 3.1 Wm−2K−1, 3.4 Wm−2K−1, and 4 Wm−2K−1 for 5 °C, 15 °C, and 30 °C UHI average temperatures, respectively. The temperature difference model could also be used to reproduce literature values. This capability helps to validate the model and its findings. Heatwave assessments are also discussed, as they are strongly affected by UHI water-vapor feedback and support the observation that humid regions amplify heat higher than UHIs in dry regions, exacerbating heatwave problems. Furthermore, recent studies have found that urbanization contributions to global warming more than previously anticipated. Therefore, cities in humid environments are likely larger contributors to such warming trends compared to cities in dry environments. These preliminary modeling results show concern for a strong local UHI water-vapor feedback issue for cities in humid environments, with results possibly over a factor of two higher than the global average. This assessment also indicates that albedo management would likely be an effective way to reduce the resulting WVF temperature increase.
{"title":"Urban Heat Island High Water-Vapor Feedback Estimates and Heatwave Issues: A Temperature Difference Approach to Feedback Assessments","authors":"A. Feinberg","doi":"10.3390/sci4040044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sci4040044","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this paper is to provide an initial assessment of water-vapor feedback (WVF) in humid urban heat island (UHI) environments based on temperature difference data. To achieve this, a novel temperature difference WVF model was developed that can analyze global and UHI local temperature difference data. Specifically, the model was applied to a comparative temperature literature study of similar cities located in humid versus dry climates. The literature study found that the daytime UHI ΔT was observed to be 3.3 K higher in humid compared to dry climates when averaged over thirty-nine cities. Since the direct measurement of WVF in UHI areas could prove challenging due to variations in the temperature lapse rates from tall buildings, modeling provides an opportunity to make a preliminary assessment where measurements may be difficult. Thus, the results provide the first available UHI ΔT WVF model assessment. The preliminary results find local water-vapor feedback values for wet-biased cities of 3.1 Wm−2K−1, 3.4 Wm−2K−1, and 4 Wm−2K−1 for 5 °C, 15 °C, and 30 °C UHI average temperatures, respectively. The temperature difference model could also be used to reproduce literature values. This capability helps to validate the model and its findings. Heatwave assessments are also discussed, as they are strongly affected by UHI water-vapor feedback and support the observation that humid regions amplify heat higher than UHIs in dry regions, exacerbating heatwave problems. Furthermore, recent studies have found that urbanization contributions to global warming more than previously anticipated. Therefore, cities in humid environments are likely larger contributors to such warming trends compared to cities in dry environments. These preliminary modeling results show concern for a strong local UHI water-vapor feedback issue for cities in humid environments, with results possibly over a factor of two higher than the global average. This assessment also indicates that albedo management would likely be an effective way to reduce the resulting WVF temperature increase.","PeriodicalId":10987,"journal":{"name":"Decis. Sci.","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89095843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ayla Roberta Borges Serra, Thiago Rui Casagrande, J. F. de Lima, M. F. de Oliveira, S. Júnior, Marcos de Oliveira Junior, O. A. Serra
Hydrogels based on mixed zirconium/europium ions and benzene tricarboxylic acid were synthesized by hydrothermal reaction. A solid glass-like material is formed upon drying, showing strong reddish luminescence. The system was characterized by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, thermal analyses, and infrared spectroscopy. The results reveal the amorphous character of the structure and the presence of at least four types of binding modes between the metal oxide clusters and benzene tricarboxylic acid. On the other hand, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed high thermal stability, with the material decomposing at temperatures higher than 500 °C. The combination of intense Eu3+ luminescence with large thermal stability makes this material a strong candidate for application as a luminescent red marker for gunshot residue (GSR). As proof of concept, we show the feasibility of this application by performing shooting tests using our compound as a GSR marker. After the shots, the residual luminescent particles could be visualized in the triggered cartridge, inner the muzzle of the firearm, and a lower amount on the hands of the shooter, using a UV lamp (λ = 254 nm). Remarkably, our results also show that the Eu3+ emission for the GSR is very similar to that observed for the original solid material. These characteristics are of huge importance since they provide a chance to use smaller amounts of the marker in the ammunition, lowering the costs of potential industrial manufacturing processes.
{"title":"Synthesis and Structural Characterization of an Amorphous and Photoluminescent Mixed Eu/Zr Coordination Compound, a Potential Marker for Gunshot Residues","authors":"Ayla Roberta Borges Serra, Thiago Rui Casagrande, J. F. de Lima, M. F. de Oliveira, S. Júnior, Marcos de Oliveira Junior, O. A. Serra","doi":"10.3390/sci4040043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sci4040043","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogels based on mixed zirconium/europium ions and benzene tricarboxylic acid were synthesized by hydrothermal reaction. A solid glass-like material is formed upon drying, showing strong reddish luminescence. The system was characterized by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, thermal analyses, and infrared spectroscopy. The results reveal the amorphous character of the structure and the presence of at least four types of binding modes between the metal oxide clusters and benzene tricarboxylic acid. On the other hand, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed high thermal stability, with the material decomposing at temperatures higher than 500 °C. The combination of intense Eu3+ luminescence with large thermal stability makes this material a strong candidate for application as a luminescent red marker for gunshot residue (GSR). As proof of concept, we show the feasibility of this application by performing shooting tests using our compound as a GSR marker. After the shots, the residual luminescent particles could be visualized in the triggered cartridge, inner the muzzle of the firearm, and a lower amount on the hands of the shooter, using a UV lamp (λ = 254 nm). Remarkably, our results also show that the Eu3+ emission for the GSR is very similar to that observed for the original solid material. These characteristics are of huge importance since they provide a chance to use smaller amounts of the marker in the ammunition, lowering the costs of potential industrial manufacturing processes.","PeriodicalId":10987,"journal":{"name":"Decis. Sci.","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90742858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. O’Sullivan, Suk-Jae Kim, Jeheon Moon, Sungmin Kim
Physical activity is a crucial factor for maintaining not only physical health status, but vast amounts of research have shown its link with better mental health. Supporting the use of gyms for the safety of its practitioners is vital in the new norm and living with COVID-19. Therefore, in this study we show research supporting the development of a framework for a Total Safe-Care Fitness Solution based on a multimodal COVID-19 tracking system integrating computer vision and data from wearable sensors. We propose a framework with three areas that need to be integrated: a COVID-19 vaccine and health status recognition system (QR code scan prior to entry to the gym, and physiological signals monitored by a smart-band and a health questionnaire filled in prior to entry to the gym); an accident detection system (video and smart-band based); and a gym-user digital tracking system (CCTV and smart-band based). We show the proposed architecture for the integration of these systems and provide practical tips on how to implement it in testbeds for feasibility testing. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first proposed COVID-19 tracking system of use in gyms that includes a predictive model for accident detection for safer exercise participation through health monitoring.
{"title":"Proposal of a Novel Framework in Korea for a Total Safe-Care Fitness Solution in the COVID-19 Era","authors":"D. O’Sullivan, Suk-Jae Kim, Jeheon Moon, Sungmin Kim","doi":"10.3390/sci4040045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sci4040045","url":null,"abstract":"Physical activity is a crucial factor for maintaining not only physical health status, but vast amounts of research have shown its link with better mental health. Supporting the use of gyms for the safety of its practitioners is vital in the new norm and living with COVID-19. Therefore, in this study we show research supporting the development of a framework for a Total Safe-Care Fitness Solution based on a multimodal COVID-19 tracking system integrating computer vision and data from wearable sensors. We propose a framework with three areas that need to be integrated: a COVID-19 vaccine and health status recognition system (QR code scan prior to entry to the gym, and physiological signals monitored by a smart-band and a health questionnaire filled in prior to entry to the gym); an accident detection system (video and smart-band based); and a gym-user digital tracking system (CCTV and smart-band based). We show the proposed architecture for the integration of these systems and provide practical tips on how to implement it in testbeds for feasibility testing. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first proposed COVID-19 tracking system of use in gyms that includes a predictive model for accident detection for safer exercise participation through health monitoring.","PeriodicalId":10987,"journal":{"name":"Decis. Sci.","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85841796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The semantic web invests in systems that work collaboratively. In this article we show that the collaborative way is not enough, because the system must ‘understand’ the data resources that are provided to it, to organize them in the direction indicated by the system’s core, the algorithm. In order for intelligent systems to imitate human cognition, in addition to technical skills to model algorithms, we show that the specialist needs a good knowledge of the principles that explain how human language constructs concepts. The content of this article focuses on the principles of the conceptual formation of language, pointing to aspects related to the environment, to logical reasoning and to the recursive process. We used the strategy of superimposing the dynamics of human cognition and intelligent systems to open new frontiers regarding the formation of concepts by human cognition. The dynamic aspect of the recursion of the human linguistic process integrates visual, auditory, tactile input stimuli, among others, to the central nervous system, where meaning is constructed. We conclude that the human linguistic process involves axiomatic (contextual/biological) and logical principles, and that the dynamics of the relationship between them takes place through recursive structures, which guarantee the construction of meanings through long-range correlation under scale invariance. Recursion and cognition are, therefore, interdependent elements of the linguistic process, making it a set of sui generis structures that evidence that the essence of language, whether natural or artificial, is a form and not a substance.
{"title":"The Language Conceptual Formation to Inspire Intelligent Systems","authors":"D. Monte-Serrat, C. Cattani","doi":"10.3390/sci4040042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sci4040042","url":null,"abstract":"The semantic web invests in systems that work collaboratively. In this article we show that the collaborative way is not enough, because the system must ‘understand’ the data resources that are provided to it, to organize them in the direction indicated by the system’s core, the algorithm. In order for intelligent systems to imitate human cognition, in addition to technical skills to model algorithms, we show that the specialist needs a good knowledge of the principles that explain how human language constructs concepts. The content of this article focuses on the principles of the conceptual formation of language, pointing to aspects related to the environment, to logical reasoning and to the recursive process. We used the strategy of superimposing the dynamics of human cognition and intelligent systems to open new frontiers regarding the formation of concepts by human cognition. The dynamic aspect of the recursion of the human linguistic process integrates visual, auditory, tactile input stimuli, among others, to the central nervous system, where meaning is constructed. We conclude that the human linguistic process involves axiomatic (contextual/biological) and logical principles, and that the dynamics of the relationship between them takes place through recursive structures, which guarantee the construction of meanings through long-range correlation under scale invariance. Recursion and cognition are, therefore, interdependent elements of the linguistic process, making it a set of sui generis structures that evidence that the essence of language, whether natural or artificial, is a form and not a substance.","PeriodicalId":10987,"journal":{"name":"Decis. Sci.","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76867752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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