P. Sun, Ziyang Liu, Sivaramakrishnan R. Natarajan, S. Davidson, Yi Chen
Chapter 6 explores the numerous fights between union leaders in the Gilded Age to show that “organized labor” was far from unified. Historians have long noted that these fights, such as those between and within the American Federation of Labor and the Knights of Labor, weakened unions during this period. This chapter, however, argues that the fights between union leadership in the Gilded Age were part of a large but disorganized effort to “purify” labor organizations of corrupt and complacent leadership. The tumult this created tore unions apart, created rival organizations like the Independent Order of the Knights of Labor, and caused workers to doubt which leaders and organizations were trustworthy. This confusion became even more pronounced during the Populist push in the 1896 national election, when rural farmers and laborers, disillusioned with the organizations and individuals who claimed to help them, could not agree on which candidate would best look after their interests.
{"title":"Wolves","authors":"P. Sun, Ziyang Liu, Sivaramakrishnan R. Natarajan, S. Davidson, Yi Chen","doi":"10.1093/nq/s2-i.11.212c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s2-i.11.212c","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 6 explores the numerous fights between union leaders in the Gilded Age to show that “organized labor” was far from unified. Historians have long noted that these fights, such as those between and within the American Federation of Labor and the Knights of Labor, weakened unions during this period. This chapter, however, argues that the fights between union leadership in the Gilded Age were part of a large but disorganized effort to “purify” labor organizations of corrupt and complacent leadership. The tumult this created tore unions apart, created rival organizations like the Independent Order of the Knights of Labor, and caused workers to doubt which leaders and organizations were trustworthy. This confusion became even more pronounced during the Populist push in the 1896 national election, when rural farmers and laborers, disillusioned with the organizations and individuals who claimed to help them, could not agree on which candidate would best look after their interests.","PeriodicalId":109925,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122745307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-30DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-29678-2_6343
Robert L. Whitwell
{"title":"Visual Association Cortex","authors":"Robert L. Whitwell","doi":"10.1007/978-3-540-29678-2_6343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29678-2_6343","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":109925,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116480377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-20DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197504147.003.0006
R. Page
Academic requirements for an insect society to be considered a superorganism vary broadly with authors and among sociobiologists. The two conditions that emerge as the most important are the lack of reproductive competition among nestmates and the state of social evolution where workers within colonies are at or beyond the “point of no return”—workers have lost the ability to live and reproduce independently. The search for reproductive competition within highly social colonies of ants and bees is a large academic research enterprise filling the contents of countless journals and books. However, a look at honey bees shows that these special conditions not only aren’t met but obfuscate the wonderful array of social states in which colonies exist within one population.
{"title":"Reproductive Competition","authors":"R. Page","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197504147.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197504147.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Academic requirements for an insect society to be considered a superorganism vary broadly with authors and among sociobiologists. The two conditions that emerge as the most important are the lack of reproductive competition among nestmates and the state of social evolution where workers within colonies are at or beyond the “point of no return”—workers have lost the ability to live and reproduce independently. The search for reproductive competition within highly social colonies of ants and bees is a large academic research enterprise filling the contents of countless journals and books. However, a look at honey bees shows that these special conditions not only aren’t met but obfuscate the wonderful array of social states in which colonies exist within one population.","PeriodicalId":109925,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126808780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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