Current Opinion in Neurobiology最新文献

英文中文

Plasticity of brain sexual dimorphism as revealed by sex changing fish 变性鱼揭示的脑两性二态性的可塑性

IF 5.2 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

Pub Date : 2025-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.103094

Gabriel J. Graham, Justin S. Rhodes

Sex determination in coral reef fish is highly plastic, with many species displaying socially controlled sequential hermaphroditism. In these species, social hierarchy cues trigger sex change, initiating transformations in neuroanatomy, physiology, morphology, and behavior. The process begins in the brain, where shifts in dominance status alter cortisol release and neuromodulator signaling, including dopamine and arginine vasotocin. Radial glia detect these changes and modulate local estradiol synthesis via brain aromatase production that in turn influences neurogenesis and gene expression in multiple types of glia and neurons involved in pituitary-gonadotroph regulation. The altered gonadotroph control directs the gonadal transformation. Mechanistically, protogyny (female-to-male) typically occurs faster than protandry (male-to-female), with differences in the order of behavioral, gonadal, and morphological changes. Understanding these processes in sex-changing fish provides valuable insights into the neural and endocrine mechanisms underlying reproductive plasticity, with broader implications for neuroendocrinology and the evolution of sex differences in vertebrates.

珊瑚鱼的性别决定是高度可塑的，许多物种表现出社会控制的顺序雌雄同体。在这些物种中，社会等级提示触发性别变化，启动神经解剖学、生理学、形态学和行为的转变。这个过程始于大脑，在那里，支配地位的改变改变了皮质醇的释放和神经调节信号，包括多巴胺和精氨酸血管催产素。放射状胶质细胞检测到这些变化，并通过脑芳香化酶的产生来调节局部雌二醇的合成，进而影响参与垂体-促性腺激素调节的多种胶质细胞和神经元的神经发生和基因表达。改变的促性腺激素控制指导性腺转化。从机理上讲，原生雌性（雌性到雄性）通常比原生雄性（雄性到雌性）发生得更快，在行为、性腺和形态变化的顺序上存在差异。了解鱼类性别变化的这些过程，为研究生殖可塑性的神经和内分泌机制提供了有价值的见解，对神经内分泌学和脊椎动物性别差异的进化具有更广泛的意义。

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引用次数: 0

Astroglial regulation of critical period plasticity in the developing brain 星形胶质细胞对发育中的大脑关键期可塑性的调节

IF 5.2 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

Pub Date : 2025-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.103092

Jérôme Ribot , Rachel Breton , Glenn Dallérac , Nathalie Rouach

Astrocytes emerge as pivotal regulators of brain plasticity during critical periods (CPs) of development. Beyond their traditional roles in supporting neuronal function, astrocytes actively shape synaptic circuits maturation and remodeling during postnatal experience-dependent plasticity. Through mechanisms such as regulation of the extracellular matrix or synaptic pruning, astrocytes influence the timing and extent of plasticity across sensory and cognitive systems. These processes have been demonstrated in various animal models and forms of plasticity, indicating that these glial cells play a conserved role across species. Such findings unveil the dynamic and central role of astrocytes in coordinating the complex interplay between neural circuits and external stimuli during critical windows of brain development.

星形胶质细胞在发育的关键时期（CPs）成为大脑可塑性的关键调节因子。除了支持神经元功能的传统作用外，星形胶质细胞在出生后经验依赖的可塑性过程中积极地塑造突触回路的成熟和重塑。星形胶质细胞通过调节细胞外基质或突触修剪等机制，影响感觉和认知系统可塑性的时间和程度。这些过程已在各种动物模型和可塑性形式中得到证实，表明这些胶质细胞在物种间发挥保守作用。这些发现揭示了星形胶质细胞在大脑发育的关键窗口期协调神经回路和外部刺激之间复杂的相互作用中的动态和核心作用。

引用次数: 0

Tricking our brains to learn and remember; is all learning incidental? 欺骗我们的大脑去学习和记忆；所有的学习都是偶然的吗？

IF 4.8 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.103020

Aaron R. Seitz

Do we choose what we learn? On the contrary, research suggests that much of learning is incidental. The present article reviews frameworks of incidental statistical and perceptual learning and discusses implications of these frameworks to memory. This research supports the premise that much of what we know is shaped by statistical regularities in the environment, how our attention is directed, and what reinforcement we receive from successes and failures. This incidental learning shapes what we perceive and what we remember. This idea that we don’t control when and what we learn, instead we at best trick our brain into states that will lead to desired learning outcomes, has important implications both to individuals and society.

我们选择学习什么吗？相反，研究表明，很多学习都是偶然的。本文回顾了附带统计和感知学习的框架，并讨论了这些框架对记忆的影响。这项研究支持了一个前提，即我们所知道的很多东西都是由环境中的统计规律、我们的注意力是如何被引导的、以及我们从成功和失败中得到的强化所塑造的。这种偶然的学习塑造了我们的感知和记忆。我们不能控制我们学习的时间和内容，相反，我们最多欺骗我们的大脑进入能够导致预期学习结果的状态，这一观点对个人和社会都有重要的意义。

引用次数: 0

Latent mechanisms of plasticity are upregulated during sleep 可塑性的潜在机制在睡眠期间被上调

IF 4.8 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.103029

Benjamin J. Menarchek, Michelle C.D. Bridi

Sleep is thought to serve an important role in learning and memory, but the mechanisms by which sleep promotes plasticity remain unclear. Even in the absence of plastic changes in neuronal function, many molecular, cellular, and physiological processes linked to plasticity are upregulated during sleep. Therefore, sleep may be a state in which latent plasticity mechanisms are poised to respond following novel experiences during prior wake. Many of these plasticity-related processes can promote both synaptic strengthening and weakening. Signaling pathways activated during sleep may interact with complements of proteins, determined by the content of prior waking experience, to establish the polarity of plasticity. Furthermore, precise reactivation of neuronal spiking patterns during sleep may interact with ongoing neuromodulatory, dendritic, and network activity to strengthen and weaken synapses. In this review, we will discuss the idea that sleep elevates latent plasticity mechanisms, which drive bidirectional plasticity depending on prior waking experience.

睡眠被认为在学习和记忆中起着重要作用，但睡眠促进可塑性的机制尚不清楚。即使在神经元功能没有可塑性变化的情况下，许多与可塑性相关的分子、细胞和生理过程在睡眠期间也会上调。因此，睡眠可能是一种状态，在这种状态下，潜在的可塑性机制准备对先前清醒期间的新体验做出反应。许多与可塑性相关的过程可以促进突触的增强和减弱。在睡眠期间激活的信号通路可能与蛋白质补体相互作用，由先前清醒经验的内容决定，以建立可塑性的极性。此外，睡眠期间神经元尖峰模式的精确再激活可能与正在进行的神经调节、树突和网络活动相互作用，从而增强或削弱突触。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论睡眠提高潜在可塑性机制的观点，这种机制驱动双向可塑性取决于先前的清醒经验。

引用次数: 0

Molecular and genetic mechanisms of plasticity in addiction 成瘾可塑性的分子和遗传机制

IF 4.8 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.103032

Kasey L. Brida, Jeremy J. Day

Drugs of abuse result in well-characterized changes in synapse function and number in brain reward regions such as the nucleus accumbens. However, recent reports demonstrate that only a small fraction of neurons in the nucleus accumbens are activated in response to psychostimulants such as cocaine. While these “ensemble” neurons are marked by drug-related transcriptional changes in immediate early genes, the mechanisms that ultimately link these early changes to enduring molecular alterations in the same neurons are less clear. In this review, we 1) describe potential mechanisms underlying regulation of diverse plasticity-related gene programs across drug-activated ensembles, 2) discuss factors conferring ensemble recruitment bias within seemingly homogeneous populations, and 3) speculate on the role of chromatin and epigenetic modifiers in gating metaplastic state transitions that contribute to addiction.

药物滥用导致脑奖赏区如伏隔核突触功能和数量的明显变化。然而，最近的报告表明，伏隔核中只有一小部分神经元在可卡因等精神兴奋剂的作用下被激活。虽然这些“集合”神经元的特征是直接早期基因中与药物相关的转录变化，但最终将这些早期变化与同一神经元中持久的分子改变联系起来的机制尚不清楚。在这篇综述中，我们1)描述了在药物激活的集合中多种可塑性相关基因程序调控的潜在机制，2)讨论了在看似同质的群体中赋予集合招募偏见的因素，以及3)推测染色质和表观遗传修饰因子在控制导致成瘾的化生状态转变中的作用。

引用次数: 0

Ready or not: Neural mechanisms regulating female sexual behavior 准备好了没有：调节女性性行为的神经机制

IF 4.8 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.103069

Inês C. Dias , Nicolas Gutierrez-Castellanos , Constanze Lenschow , Susana Q. Lima

Female sexual behavior is essential for reproduction and species survival. It is orchestrated by hormonal and neuronal mechanisms that coordinate sexual maturation, reproductive cycle, and the copulatory sequence, preparing the female for pregnancy. These mechanisms synchronize behavioral receptivity with reproductive capacity, ensuring that copulation occurs during optimal reproductive windows while actively suppressing sexual behavior outside fertile periods.

This review explores recent advances in neural mechanisms that integrate sensory, hormonal, and social cues in the female brain. We examine the main phases of sexual behavior: appetitive, consummatory, and refractory, focusing on the neural basis of sexual rejection during non-fertile periods. We also discuss studies using intersectional genetics and neural activity analysis to uncover the circuits underlying sexual receptivity and recent findings on how the female brain processes male ejaculation to trigger the refractory period. Altogether, this review sheds light on the orchestration of mating and reproductive readiness in female mice.

雌性的性行为对繁殖和物种生存至关重要。它是由荷尔蒙和神经机制精心策划的，协调性成熟、生殖周期和交配顺序，为雌性怀孕做准备。这些机制使行为接受能力与生殖能力同步，确保在最佳生殖窗口发生交配，同时积极抑制育龄期以外的性行为。这篇综述探讨了在女性大脑中整合感觉、激素和社会线索的神经机制的最新进展。我们研究了性行为的主要阶段：食欲、圆满和难治性，重点关注非排卵期性排斥的神经基础。我们还讨论了使用交叉遗传学和神经活动分析的研究，以揭示潜在的性接受性回路，以及关于女性大脑如何处理男性射精以触发不应期的最新发现。总之，这篇综述揭示了雌性小鼠交配和生殖准备的编排。

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引用次数: 0

Cracking the cadherin codes that wire the nervous system 破解连接神经系统的钙粘蛋白密码

IF 4.8 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.103086

Madison T. Gray , Julie L. Lefebvre

Synaptic partner recognition and precise connectivity are essential components of neural circuit formation and function. Cell adhesion molecules with selective binding properties provide instructive cues for synapse specificity. Yet, we know little about how they guide the stereotyped organization of neural circuits. Advances in transcriptomics, genetic manipulations, neural tracing and imaging in intact nervous systems enable new avenues to identify mechanisms by which adhesion molecules regulate synapse specificity. Here we discuss the Cadherin superfamily, which forms one of the most functionally versatile families of cell adhesion molecules. Focusing on the classical cadherins and clustered protocadherins, we discuss recent findings that demonstrate roles in regulating synaptic partnerships and signaling properties, and optimizing neurite wiring. We highlight studies that demonstrate instructive roles through genetic manipulations with assays of synaptic connectivity. Understanding how neurons leverage a Cadherin code for specifying neural connectivity provides insights into the broader principles of circuit assembly and function.

突触伴侣识别和精确连接是神经回路形成和功能的重要组成部分。具有选择性结合特性的细胞粘附分子为突触特异性提供了指导性线索。然而，我们对它们如何引导神经回路的刻板组织知之甚少。在完整神经系统中转录组学、遗传操作、神经追踪和成像的进展为鉴定粘附分子调节突触特异性的机制提供了新的途径。在这里，我们讨论钙粘蛋白超家族，它形成了功能最广泛的细胞粘附分子家族之一。关注经典钙粘蛋白和聚集型原钙粘蛋白，我们讨论了最近的发现，证明在调节突触伙伴关系和信号特性，优化神经突布线中的作用。我们强调的研究表明，通过遗传操作与突触连通性的测定具有指导作用。了解神经元如何利用钙粘蛋白代码来指定神经连接，可以深入了解电路组装和功能的更广泛原理。

引用次数: 0

A neurobiology perspective on the assembly of retinal vasculature from 2D to 3D 从2D到3D视网膜血管组装的神经生物学观点

IF 4.8 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.103085

Mahima Bose , Mengya Zhao , Kenichi Toma , Xin Ye , Xin Duan

The reciprocal regulation of the neural ensemble and vascular network within the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) is crucial for its development and functionality. Neuron-derived pro-angiogenic factors, such as growth factors, morphogens, and guidance cues, play a key role in forming stereotypical vascular architectures in the cortex, spinal cord, and cerebellum during development. Notably, the CNS vasculature forms distinct 3D lattice structures composed of laminar vascular networks interconnected by penetrating vessels. This contrasts with the more random 3D arborizations found in tumors. While the morphogen gradients for vascular network growth have been well-studied, the mechanisms contributing to vascular patterning and lattice maintenance in 3D are not fully understood. The mammalian retina provides an ideal model for studying these mechanisms, given its laminar organization of neurons and plexus organization of vessels, allowing for the investigation of 2D growth to 3D lattice establishment in a stepwise manner. Notably, recent studies have highlighted the roles of neurons and glia in retinal vascular patterning in 2D, as well as the involvement of neurotransmitters in regulating vascular growth. Additionally, direct neuron-to-vessel interactions have been found to contribute to 3D retinal vascular lattice formation. As emerging technologies provide new insights into retinal vascular assembly in 3D, understanding the developmental regulation and the physiological and pathophysiological effects of 3D lattice disruption remains a fertile field of research.

哺乳动物中枢神经系统（CNS）的神经系统整体和血管网络的相互调节对中枢神经系统的发育和功能至关重要。神经元来源的促血管生成因子，如生长因子、形态因子和引导因子，在发育过程中在皮层、脊髓和小脑形成典型血管结构中起关键作用。值得注意的是，中枢神经系统血管形成独特的三维晶格结构，由穿透血管相互连接的层流血管网络组成。这与在肿瘤中发现的更随机的3D结节形成对比。虽然血管网络生长的形态梯度已经得到了很好的研究，但对三维血管模式和晶格维持的机制尚未完全了解。哺乳动物视网膜为研究这些机制提供了一个理想的模型，因为它的神经元层状组织和血管丛状组织，允许以逐步的方式研究二维生长到三维晶格的建立。值得注意的是，最近的研究强调了神经元和胶质细胞在2D视网膜血管模式中的作用，以及神经递质在调节血管生长中的作用。此外，已经发现直接神经元与血管的相互作用有助于3D视网膜血管晶格的形成。随着新兴技术为三维视网膜血管组装提供了新的见解，理解三维晶格破坏的发育调节和生理和病理生理效应仍然是一个肥沃的研究领域。

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引用次数: 0

The visual evoked potential is a sensitive and powerful measure of experience-dependent visual cortical plasticity in mice 视觉诱发电位是一种灵敏而有力的测量经验依赖性视觉皮层可塑性的方法

IF 4.8 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.103019

Jeffrey P. Gavornik , Mark F. Bear

Despite the explosion of high-tech methods to measure activity in the mouse visual cortex, the venerable visually evoked potential (VEP) continues to prove its worth as a sensitive measure of experience-dependent cortical plasticity. The VEP recorded in layer 4 is a good estimate of the strength of feedforward synaptic excitation, and changes in amplitude correspond closely to changes in the peak firing rate of principal cells. Chronic recording of VEPs in awake mice have enabled longitudinal study of modifications induced by selective visual experience or deprivation, and these have revealed several novel forms of plasticity. The VEP provides a good estimate of spatial acuity that compares well with values obtained by behavioral approaches. Furthermore, recordings of the local field potential through the same electrodes reveal changes in oscillatory activity that reflect differential recruitment of inhibitory networks. Thus, the VEP remains a powerful tool for the study of visual cortical plasticity.

尽管测量小鼠视觉皮层活动的高科技方法激增，但令人尊敬的视觉诱发电位（VEP）继续证明其作为经验依赖的皮层可塑性的敏感测量的价值。第4层记录的VEP是对前馈突触兴奋强度的良好估计，其振幅变化与主细胞峰值放电速率的变化密切相关。长期记录清醒小鼠的vep，可以对选择性视觉体验或剥夺引起的修饰进行纵向研究，这些研究揭示了几种新的可塑性形式。VEP提供了一个很好的空间敏锐度估计，与行为方法获得的值相比较。此外，通过相同电极记录的局部场电位揭示了振荡活动的变化，反映了抑制网络的不同募集。因此，VEP仍然是研究视觉皮层可塑性的有力工具。

引用次数: 0

Accessing the viscera: Technologies for interoception research 访问内脏：内感受研究技术

IF 4.8 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.103050

Karen K.L. Pang , Rajib Mondal , Atharva Sahasrabudhe , Polina Anikeeva

Interoception, or the perception and regulation of body signals by the central nervous system, is critical for maintaining homeostasis and coordination of behaviors. Deciphering the mechanisms of interoception requires identifying pathways and decoding of diverse signals across the brain-body axis. These studies are enabled by tools to modulate and record physiological processes in the brain and visceral organs. While numerous advanced neurotechnologies are well-established in the brain, these techniques often offer limited utility for other organs, such as the gastrointestinal tract, heart, liver, or bladder. In this review, we highlight recent advances in technologies for recording and modulation of visceral organ physiology in small animals in vivo, with a focus on implantable bioelectronic organ interfaces that can be deployed in behaving animals. We discuss how such interfaces are made possible through innovations in materials and electronics and outline unmet technological challenges in interoception research.

内感受，即中枢神经系统对身体信号的感知和调节，对于维持体内平衡和行为协调至关重要。破译内感受的机制需要识别途径和解码跨脑-体轴的各种信号。这些研究是通过工具来调节和记录大脑和内脏器官的生理过程。虽然许多先进的神经技术在大脑中得到了证实，但这些技术对其他器官的应用通常有限，如胃肠道、心脏、肝脏或膀胱。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了在小动物体内记录和调节内脏器官生理的技术的最新进展，重点是可以在行为动物中部署的植入式生物电子器官接口。我们讨论了如何通过材料和电子技术的创新使这种接口成为可能，并概述了在拦截研究中未遇到的技术挑战。

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全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

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Current Opinion in Neurobiology

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