Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1007/s11920-024-01511-6
Alejandro Porras-Segovia, Paula Jhoana Escobedo-Aedo, Carmen Maura Carrillo de Albornoz, Margarita Guerrero-Jiménez, Laura Lis, Rosa Molina-Madueño, Luis Gutiérrez-Rojas, Adrián Alacreu-Crespo
Purpose of review: The purpose of this review and meta-analysis was to explore the effectiveness of creative writing therapies for the management of depression and suicidal ideation.
Recent findings: Twenty one of the 31 reviewed studies showed that creative writing significantly improved depressive symptoms, while five studies suggested improvement in other symptoms. The results of meta-analyses showed that narrative writing significantly reduced depression compared to those in neutral writing or treatment as usual condition in both post intervention and follow-up. However, the number of studies exploring the effects of creative writing in suicidal ideation was too low to perform a meta-analysis. A structured and well-targeted intervention using creative writing could have beneficial results for the management of depressive symptoms. More studies are needed to explore the potential benefits of creative writing for reducing suicidal ideation.
{"title":"Writing to Keep on Living: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Creative Writing Therapy for the Management of Depression and Suicidal Ideation.","authors":"Alejandro Porras-Segovia, Paula Jhoana Escobedo-Aedo, Carmen Maura Carrillo de Albornoz, Margarita Guerrero-Jiménez, Laura Lis, Rosa Molina-Madueño, Luis Gutiérrez-Rojas, Adrián Alacreu-Crespo","doi":"10.1007/s11920-024-01511-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11920-024-01511-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The purpose of this review and meta-analysis was to explore the effectiveness of creative writing therapies for the management of depression and suicidal ideation.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Twenty one of the 31 reviewed studies showed that creative writing significantly improved depressive symptoms, while five studies suggested improvement in other symptoms. The results of meta-analyses showed that narrative writing significantly reduced depression compared to those in neutral writing or treatment as usual condition in both post intervention and follow-up. However, the number of studies exploring the effects of creative writing in suicidal ideation was too low to perform a meta-analysis. A structured and well-targeted intervention using creative writing could have beneficial results for the management of depressive symptoms. More studies are needed to explore the potential benefits of creative writing for reducing suicidal ideation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11057,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140876132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-05-20DOI: 10.1007/s11920-024-01510-7
Adnan Akif, M M A Shalahuddin Qusar, Md Rabiul Islam
Purpose of review: The current achievement of medical advancement is noteworthy; however, the occurrence of chronic diseases is increasing day by day, with a significant percentage of affected people are suffering from a mental health crisis. This article aims to present a thorough yet brief review of methods that can be employed to build the emotional wellness of chronic patients.
Recent findings: The mental health care strategies include resilience-building, coping skills training, professional counseling, and lifestyle adaptations. Additionally, the article highlights the efficacy of several modern interventions, such as mindfulness-based therapies, cognitive behavioral therapy, eye movement desensitization, and recovery from stress therapy. The global burden of chronic illness emphasizes the pressing need to mitigate mental health problems among chronic patients. By providing actionable insights, our study clears the path for targeted interventions and holistic approaches for chronic disease patients. Moreover, the article suggests to policymakers and clinicians the need for collaboration and multifaceted interventions.
{"title":"The Impact of Chronic Diseases on Mental Health: An Overview and Recommendations for Care Programs.","authors":"Adnan Akif, M M A Shalahuddin Qusar, Md Rabiul Islam","doi":"10.1007/s11920-024-01510-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11920-024-01510-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The current achievement of medical advancement is noteworthy; however, the occurrence of chronic diseases is increasing day by day, with a significant percentage of affected people are suffering from a mental health crisis. This article aims to present a thorough yet brief review of methods that can be employed to build the emotional wellness of chronic patients.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The mental health care strategies include resilience-building, coping skills training, professional counseling, and lifestyle adaptations. Additionally, the article highlights the efficacy of several modern interventions, such as mindfulness-based therapies, cognitive behavioral therapy, eye movement desensitization, and recovery from stress therapy. The global burden of chronic illness emphasizes the pressing need to mitigate mental health problems among chronic patients. By providing actionable insights, our study clears the path for targeted interventions and holistic approaches for chronic disease patients. Moreover, the article suggests to policymakers and clinicians the need for collaboration and multifaceted interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11057,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141064702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-06-03DOI: 10.1007/s11920-024-01508-1
Jason M Nagata, Elena Stuart, Jacqueline O Hur, Smriti Panchal, Patrick Low, Anita V Chaphekar, Kyle T Ganson, Jason M Lavender
Purpose of review: To consolidate recent literature addressing eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors among sexual and gender minority (SGM) adolescents, including but not limited to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) adolescents.
Recent findings: Sexual and gender minority adolescents are at heightened vulnerability to eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors compared to their cisgender and heterosexual peers, potentially due to minority stress, gender norms, objectification, and the influence of the media, peers, and parents. We report findings from recent literature on the epidemiology and prevalence, assessment, mental health comorbidity, quality of life and psychosocial functioning, risk and protective factors, and treatment and interventions for eating disorders in sexual and gender minority adolescents. Addressing eating disorders in sexual and gender minority adolescents requires an integrated approach consisting of screening, tailored treatment, and comprehensive support to address intersectional challenges. Gender-affirming and trauma-informed care approaches may be considered.
{"title":"Eating Disorders in Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents.","authors":"Jason M Nagata, Elena Stuart, Jacqueline O Hur, Smriti Panchal, Patrick Low, Anita V Chaphekar, Kyle T Ganson, Jason M Lavender","doi":"10.1007/s11920-024-01508-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11920-024-01508-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>To consolidate recent literature addressing eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors among sexual and gender minority (SGM) adolescents, including but not limited to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) adolescents.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Sexual and gender minority adolescents are at heightened vulnerability to eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors compared to their cisgender and heterosexual peers, potentially due to minority stress, gender norms, objectification, and the influence of the media, peers, and parents. We report findings from recent literature on the epidemiology and prevalence, assessment, mental health comorbidity, quality of life and psychosocial functioning, risk and protective factors, and treatment and interventions for eating disorders in sexual and gender minority adolescents. Addressing eating disorders in sexual and gender minority adolescents requires an integrated approach consisting of screening, tailored treatment, and comprehensive support to address intersectional challenges. Gender-affirming and trauma-informed care approaches may be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":11057,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11211184/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141199071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01Epub Date: 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1007/s11920-024-01503-6
Adrián Alacreu-Crespo, Emma Sebti, Rosa María Moret, Philippe Courtet
Purpose of review: In this narrative review we wanted to describe the relationship of autonomic nervous system activity with social environment and suicidal spectrum behaviors.
Recent findings: Patients with suicidal ideation/suicide attempt have higher sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and lower parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity in resting conditions and during acute stress tasks compared with patients without suicidal ideation/suicide attempt. Death by suicide and violent suicide attempt also are related to SNS hyperactivation. Similarly, a SNS/PNS imbalance has been observed in people with childhood trauma, stressful life events or feelings of loneliness and isolation. Social support seems to increase PNS control and resilience. Due to the importance of the social context and stressful life events in suicidal behavior, SNS/PNS imbalance could act as a mediator in this relationship and be a source of relevant biomarkers. Childhood trauma and stressful life events may impair the autonomic nervous system response in suicidal patients. Loneliness, isolation and social support may act as moderators in acute stress situations.
{"title":"From Social Stress and Isolation to Autonomic Nervous System Dysregulation in Suicidal Behavior.","authors":"Adrián Alacreu-Crespo, Emma Sebti, Rosa María Moret, Philippe Courtet","doi":"10.1007/s11920-024-01503-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11920-024-01503-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>In this narrative review we wanted to describe the relationship of autonomic nervous system activity with social environment and suicidal spectrum behaviors.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Patients with suicidal ideation/suicide attempt have higher sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and lower parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity in resting conditions and during acute stress tasks compared with patients without suicidal ideation/suicide attempt. Death by suicide and violent suicide attempt also are related to SNS hyperactivation. Similarly, a SNS/PNS imbalance has been observed in people with childhood trauma, stressful life events or feelings of loneliness and isolation. Social support seems to increase PNS control and resilience. Due to the importance of the social context and stressful life events in suicidal behavior, SNS/PNS imbalance could act as a mediator in this relationship and be a source of relevant biomarkers. Childhood trauma and stressful life events may impair the autonomic nervous system response in suicidal patients. Loneliness, isolation and social support may act as moderators in acute stress situations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11057,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11147891/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140876130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01Epub Date: 2024-05-29DOI: 10.1007/s11920-024-01506-3
Luigi Grassi, Maria Giulia Nanni, Michelle Riba, Federica Folesani
Purpose of review: Over the last 20 years, dignity and dignity-conserving care have become the center of investigation, in many areas of medicine, including palliative care, oncology, neurology, geriatrics, and psychiatry. We summarized peer-reviewed literature and examined the definition, conceptualization of dignity, potential problems, and suggested interventions.
Recent findings: We performed a review utilizing several databases, including the most relevant studies in full journal articles, investigating the problems of dignity in medicine. It emerged that dignity is a multifactorial construct and that dignity-preserving care should be at the center of the health organization. Dignity should be also regularly assessed through the tools currently available in clinical practice. Among dignity intervention, besides dignity models of care, dignity intervention, such as dignity therapy (DT), life review and reminiscence therapy, have a role in maintaining both the extrinsic (preserved when health care professionals treat the patient with respect, meeting physical and emotional needs, honors the patient's wishes, and makes attempts to maintain privacy and confidentiality) and intrinsic dignity (preserved when the patient has appropriate self-esteem, is able to exercise autonomy and has a sense of hope and meaning). Unified trends across diverse medical contexts highlight the need for a holistic, patient-centered approach in healthcare settings. Challenges compromising dignity are pervasive, underscoring the importance of interventions and systematic efforts to address these issues. Future research and interventions should prioritize the multifaceted nature of dignity, striving to create healthcare environments that foster compassion, respect, and dignity across all medical settings.
{"title":"Dignity in Medicine: Definition, Assessment and Therapy.","authors":"Luigi Grassi, Maria Giulia Nanni, Michelle Riba, Federica Folesani","doi":"10.1007/s11920-024-01506-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11920-024-01506-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Over the last 20 years, dignity and dignity-conserving care have become the center of investigation, in many areas of medicine, including palliative care, oncology, neurology, geriatrics, and psychiatry. We summarized peer-reviewed literature and examined the definition, conceptualization of dignity, potential problems, and suggested interventions.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>We performed a review utilizing several databases, including the most relevant studies in full journal articles, investigating the problems of dignity in medicine. It emerged that dignity is a multifactorial construct and that dignity-preserving care should be at the center of the health organization. Dignity should be also regularly assessed through the tools currently available in clinical practice. Among dignity intervention, besides dignity models of care, dignity intervention, such as dignity therapy (DT), life review and reminiscence therapy, have a role in maintaining both the extrinsic (preserved when health care professionals treat the patient with respect, meeting physical and emotional needs, honors the patient's wishes, and makes attempts to maintain privacy and confidentiality) and intrinsic dignity (preserved when the patient has appropriate self-esteem, is able to exercise autonomy and has a sense of hope and meaning). Unified trends across diverse medical contexts highlight the need for a holistic, patient-centered approach in healthcare settings. Challenges compromising dignity are pervasive, underscoring the importance of interventions and systematic efforts to address these issues. Future research and interventions should prioritize the multifaceted nature of dignity, striving to create healthcare environments that foster compassion, respect, and dignity across all medical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":11057,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11147872/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141161010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01Epub Date: 2024-05-02DOI: 10.1007/s11920-024-01505-4
Kevin P Kennedy, Jeanne L Alexander, Amir Garakani, Lawrence S Gross, David L Mintz, Tapan Parikh, Janet H Pine, Calvin R Sumner, David A Baron
Purpose of review: Vitamin B12 (B12, cobalamin) deficiency has been associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms, suggesting a role for B12 supplementation both as a treatment for psychiatric symptoms due to B12 deficiency and as an augmentation strategy for pharmacological treatments of psychiatric disorders. This critical review discusses the major causes of B12 deficiency, the range of psychiatric and non-psychiatric manifestations of B12 deficiency, the indications for testing B12 levels, and the evidence for B12 supplementation for major psychiatric disorders.
Recent findings: We find that high-quality evidence shows no benefit to routine B12 supplementation for mild depressive symptoms or to prevent depression. There is very limited evidence on the role of B12 supplementation to augment antidepressants. No high-quality evidence to date suggests a role for routine B12 supplementation in any other major psychiatric disorder. No formal guidelines indicate when clinicians should test B12 levels for common psychiatric symptoms, in the absence of major risk factors for deficiency or cardinal symptoms of deficiency. No robust evidence currently supports routine B12 supplementation for major psychiatric disorders. However, psychiatrists should be aware of the important risk factors for B12 deficiency and should be able to identify symptoms of B12 deficiency, which requires prompt testing, medical workup, and treatment. Testing for B12 deficiency should be considered for atypical or severe psychiatric presentations.
{"title":"Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> Supplementation in Psychiatric Practice.","authors":"Kevin P Kennedy, Jeanne L Alexander, Amir Garakani, Lawrence S Gross, David L Mintz, Tapan Parikh, Janet H Pine, Calvin R Sumner, David A Baron","doi":"10.1007/s11920-024-01505-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11920-024-01505-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> (B12, cobalamin) deficiency has been associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms, suggesting a role for B12 supplementation both as a treatment for psychiatric symptoms due to B12 deficiency and as an augmentation strategy for pharmacological treatments of psychiatric disorders. This critical review discusses the major causes of B12 deficiency, the range of psychiatric and non-psychiatric manifestations of B12 deficiency, the indications for testing B12 levels, and the evidence for B12 supplementation for major psychiatric disorders.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>We find that high-quality evidence shows no benefit to routine B12 supplementation for mild depressive symptoms or to prevent depression. There is very limited evidence on the role of B12 supplementation to augment antidepressants. No high-quality evidence to date suggests a role for routine B12 supplementation in any other major psychiatric disorder. No formal guidelines indicate when clinicians should test B12 levels for common psychiatric symptoms, in the absence of major risk factors for deficiency or cardinal symptoms of deficiency. No robust evidence currently supports routine B12 supplementation for major psychiatric disorders. However, psychiatrists should be aware of the important risk factors for B12 deficiency and should be able to identify symptoms of B12 deficiency, which requires prompt testing, medical workup, and treatment. Testing for B12 deficiency should be considered for atypical or severe psychiatric presentations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11057,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140850828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01Epub Date: 2024-05-06DOI: 10.1007/s11920-024-01504-5
Julian Baudinet, Ivan Eisler
Purpose of review: This review aims to report on recent evidence for multi-family therapy for eating disorders (MFT) across the lifespan. It is a narrative update of recent systematic, scoping and meta-analytic reviews.
Recent findings: There has been a recent increase in published theoretical, quantitative and qualitative reports on MFT in the past few years. Recent and emerging data continues to confirm MFT can support eating disorder symptom improvement and weight gain, for those who may need to, for people across the lifespan. It has also been associated with improved comorbid psychiatric symptoms, self-esteem and quality of life. Data are also emerging regarding possible predictors, moderators and mediators of MFT outcomes, as well as qualitative data on perceived change processes. These data suggest families with fewer positive caregiving experiences at the start of treatment may particularly benefit from the MFT context. Additionally, early change in family functioning within MFT may lead to improved outcomes at end of treatment. MFT is a useful adjunctive treatment across the lifespan for people with eating disorders. It helps to promote change in eating disorder and related difficulties. It has also been shown to support and promote broader family and caregiver functioning.
{"title":"Multi-family Therapy for Eating Disorders Across the Lifespan.","authors":"Julian Baudinet, Ivan Eisler","doi":"10.1007/s11920-024-01504-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11920-024-01504-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review aims to report on recent evidence for multi-family therapy for eating disorders (MFT) across the lifespan. It is a narrative update of recent systematic, scoping and meta-analytic reviews.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>There has been a recent increase in published theoretical, quantitative and qualitative reports on MFT in the past few years. Recent and emerging data continues to confirm MFT can support eating disorder symptom improvement and weight gain, for those who may need to, for people across the lifespan. It has also been associated with improved comorbid psychiatric symptoms, self-esteem and quality of life. Data are also emerging regarding possible predictors, moderators and mediators of MFT outcomes, as well as qualitative data on perceived change processes. These data suggest families with fewer positive caregiving experiences at the start of treatment may particularly benefit from the MFT context. Additionally, early change in family functioning within MFT may lead to improved outcomes at end of treatment. MFT is a useful adjunctive treatment across the lifespan for people with eating disorders. It helps to promote change in eating disorder and related difficulties. It has also been shown to support and promote broader family and caregiver functioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":11057,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11147926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140853911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2024-04-02DOI: 10.1007/s11920-024-01496-2
Laura Jobson, Daniel McAvoy, Sayed Jafar Ahmadi
Purpose of review: This review provides an overview of recent literature examining psychological problems in the context of political violence among Afghan children.
Recent findings: Using recent literature (2018-2023) we identified: 1) heightened levels of psychological problems experienced by children in Afghanistan; 2) the factors associated with these psychological problems, including loss of family and community members, poverty, continuous risk of injury and death, gender, substance use, war, daily stressors, and poor access to education; 3) psychological problems have potentially worsened since the 2021 political changes; 4) conflict and poverty have resulted in violence against children being a serious issue; 5) emerging psychological interventions have been adapted to Afghan contexts; and 6) there is a desperate need for psychological assistance and further research in the region. All children in Afghanistan have experienced conflict and political violence. While children are not responsible for this conflict, it has impacted their mental health. Further research is needed to examine the development and evaluation of interventions.
{"title":"Psychological Problems in the Context of Political Violence in Afghan Children.","authors":"Laura Jobson, Daniel McAvoy, Sayed Jafar Ahmadi","doi":"10.1007/s11920-024-01496-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11920-024-01496-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review provides an overview of recent literature examining psychological problems in the context of political violence among Afghan children.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Using recent literature (2018-2023) we identified: 1) heightened levels of psychological problems experienced by children in Afghanistan; 2) the factors associated with these psychological problems, including loss of family and community members, poverty, continuous risk of injury and death, gender, substance use, war, daily stressors, and poor access to education; 3) psychological problems have potentially worsened since the 2021 political changes; 4) conflict and poverty have resulted in violence against children being a serious issue; 5) emerging psychological interventions have been adapted to Afghan contexts; and 6) there is a desperate need for psychological assistance and further research in the region. All children in Afghanistan have experienced conflict and political violence. While children are not responsible for this conflict, it has impacted their mental health. Further research is needed to examine the development and evaluation of interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11057,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11081985/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140335111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2024-05-03DOI: 10.1007/s11920-024-01497-1
Sara E Alger, Clare Bennett, Neanne Bennett, Matthew G Huebner, Jennifer E C Lee, Heather J McCuaig Edge, Amos Simms, Amy B Adler
Purpose of review: The goal of this paper was to highlight the degree to which sleep, behavioral health, and leader involvement were interrelated using data from militaries in five English-speaking countries: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the UK, and the United States.
Recent findings: Many service members reported sleeping fewer than the recommended 7 h/night: 34.9%, 67.2%, and 77.2% of respondents from New Zealand, Canada, and the United States, respectively. Countries reporting shorter sleep duration also reported fewer insomnia-related difficulties, likely reflecting higher sleep pressure from chronic sleep loss. Across all countries, sleep problems were positively correlated with behavioral health symptoms. Importantly, leader promotion of healthy sleep was positively correlated with more sleep and negatively correlated with sleep problems and behavioral health symptoms. Insufficient sleep in the military is ubiquitous, with serious implications for the behavioral health and functioning of service members. Leaders should attend to these risks and examine ways to promote healthy sleep in service members.
{"title":"Insufficient Sleep and Behavioral Health in the Military: A 5-Country Perspective.","authors":"Sara E Alger, Clare Bennett, Neanne Bennett, Matthew G Huebner, Jennifer E C Lee, Heather J McCuaig Edge, Amos Simms, Amy B Adler","doi":"10.1007/s11920-024-01497-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11920-024-01497-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The goal of this paper was to highlight the degree to which sleep, behavioral health, and leader involvement were interrelated using data from militaries in five English-speaking countries: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the UK, and the United States.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Many service members reported sleeping fewer than the recommended 7 h/night: 34.9%, 67.2%, and 77.2% of respondents from New Zealand, Canada, and the United States, respectively. Countries reporting shorter sleep duration also reported fewer insomnia-related difficulties, likely reflecting higher sleep pressure from chronic sleep loss. Across all countries, sleep problems were positively correlated with behavioral health symptoms. Importantly, leader promotion of healthy sleep was positively correlated with more sleep and negatively correlated with sleep problems and behavioral health symptoms. Insufficient sleep in the military is ubiquitous, with serious implications for the behavioral health and functioning of service members. Leaders should attend to these risks and examine ways to promote healthy sleep in service members.</p>","PeriodicalId":11057,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11081997/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140848112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2024-03-15DOI: 10.1007/s11920-024-01495-3
Andriy V Samokhvalov, Emily Levitt, James MacKillop
Purpose of review: Precision medicine prioritizes characterization of individual patient parameters to optimize care and this review evaluates measurement-based care (MBC) as a strategy for doing so in the treatment of substance use disorders (SUD). Measurement-based care refers to the systematic use of validated assessments to inform diagnosis and treatment planning, with varying frequency of assessments. Despite the seemingly obvious grounds for the use of MBC in treating SUD, systematic implementation to date has been limited. Thus, the goal of this review is to evaluate efforts to date and to stimulate greater consideration of MBC models in addictions programs.
Recent findings: Data from two published randomized controlled trials and findings from pragmatic clinical research highlight the potential utility of MBC in the SUD treatment settings. Despite these findings, the existing literature indicates the high need for larger-scale clinical trials and quality improvement programs. Potential barriers to the implementation of MBC for SUD are outlined at the patient, provider, organization, and system levels, as well as the challenges associated with the use of MBC programs for clinical research. Critical thinking considerations and risk mitigation strategies are offered toward advancing MBC for SUD beyond the current nascent state. Collectively, the existing data confirm that MBC is a suitable and promising strategy for applying a precision medicine approach in SUD treatment, warranting further implementation efforts and scientific inquiry.
综述目的:精准医疗优先考虑对患者个体参数进行特征描述,以优化护理,本综述评估了基于测量的护理(MBC),将其作为治疗药物使用障碍(SUD)的一种策略。基于测量的治疗指的是系统地使用经过验证的评估来为诊断和治疗计划提供信息,评估的频率各不相同。尽管在治疗 SUD 时使用 MBC 的理由看似显而易见,但迄今为止系统性的实施却很有限。因此,本综述的目的是评估迄今为止所做的努力,并鼓励在成瘾项目中更多地考虑 MBC 模式:最近的研究结果:两项已发表的随机对照试验的数据和实用临床研究的结果都强调了 MBC 在药物滥用治疗环境中的潜在作用。尽管有这些发现,但现有文献表明,非常需要更大规模的临床试验和质量改进计划。本文概述了在患者、提供者、组织和系统层面实施 MBC 治疗 SUD 的潜在障碍,以及将 MBC 计划用于临床研究的相关挑战。此外,还提出了一些批判性思维的考虑因素和风险缓解策略,以推动针对药物依赖性精神障碍的 MBC 项目超越目前的萌芽状态。总之,现有数据证实,MBC 是将精准医学方法应用于 SUD 治疗的一种合适且有前景的策略,值得进一步实施和科学探索。
{"title":"Using Measurement-Based Care as a Precision Medicine Strategy for Substance Use Disorders.","authors":"Andriy V Samokhvalov, Emily Levitt, James MacKillop","doi":"10.1007/s11920-024-01495-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11920-024-01495-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Precision medicine prioritizes characterization of individual patient parameters to optimize care and this review evaluates measurement-based care (MBC) as a strategy for doing so in the treatment of substance use disorders (SUD). Measurement-based care refers to the systematic use of validated assessments to inform diagnosis and treatment planning, with varying frequency of assessments. Despite the seemingly obvious grounds for the use of MBC in treating SUD, systematic implementation to date has been limited. Thus, the goal of this review is to evaluate efforts to date and to stimulate greater consideration of MBC models in addictions programs.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Data from two published randomized controlled trials and findings from pragmatic clinical research highlight the potential utility of MBC in the SUD treatment settings. Despite these findings, the existing literature indicates the high need for larger-scale clinical trials and quality improvement programs. Potential barriers to the implementation of MBC for SUD are outlined at the patient, provider, organization, and system levels, as well as the challenges associated with the use of MBC programs for clinical research. Critical thinking considerations and risk mitigation strategies are offered toward advancing MBC for SUD beyond the current nascent state. Collectively, the existing data confirm that MBC is a suitable and promising strategy for applying a precision medicine approach in SUD treatment, warranting further implementation efforts and scientific inquiry.</p>","PeriodicalId":11057,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140136602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}