Current Psychiatry Reports最新文献

Purpose of review: We review recent studies published from 2019 to 2024 examining slow waves and sleep spindles abnormalities across neurodevelopmental, mood, trauma-related, and psychotic disorders using polysomnography and Electroencephalogram (EEG).

Recent findings: Individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) showed higher slow-spindle activity, while findings on slow-wave activity were mixed. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) showed inconsistent results with some evidence of lower spindle chirp and slow-wave amplitude. Individuals with depression displayed lower slow-wave and spindle parameters mostly in medicated patients. Individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) showed higher spindle frequency and activity, which were associated with their clinical symptoms. Psychotic disorders demonstrated the most consistent alterations, with lower spindle density, amplitude, and duration across illness stages that correlated with patients' symptom severity and cognitive deficits, whereas lower slow-wave measures were present in the early phases of the disorders. Sleep spindle and slow-wave abnormalities are present across psychiatric populations, with the most consistent alterations observed in psychotic disorders. Larger studies with standardized methodologies and longitudinal assessments are needed to establish the potential of these oscillations as neurophysiological biomarkers and/or treatment targets.

This reflective ethnography examines fracture and healing at the intersection of gender, culture, and embodiment in an NGO-run psychiatric rehabilitation center in Kolkata, India. Through the story of Soma Das-a survivor of domestic violence and psychosocial illness-the author explores how dance, labor, and relational presence function as integrative therapies within community psychiatry. At the Parinama shelter, "work as therapy" is a guiding principle, and group dance sessions restore rhythm, dignity, and belonging. Yet the piece interrogates the fine line between healing and discipline in institutional care, where productivity often stands in for wellness. Drawing on feminist psychiatry and cross-cultural frameworks, the author reframes recovery not as symptom remission but as embodied reintegration. By situating psychosocial rehabilitation alongside expressive movement practices, the essay illustrates how integrative care can emerge organically from local rituals of sociality. Healing, in this account, is relational and rhythmic-a choreography of survival that transcends diagnosis and gestures toward wholeness.

Purpose: Despite more recent declines in opioid overdose deaths, opioid use among adolescents and young adults (AYA) continues to be a significant public health crisis in the U.S., contributing to various adverse health outcomes. We summarized peer-reviewed literature on the prevalence, risk factors, treatment options, and barriers to evidence-based care for AYA with opioid misuse and opioid use disorder (OUD).

Recent findings: Despite the significant need, treatment access for OUD among AYA is low, with limited utilization of evidence-based practices including medications for OUD (MOUD). Primary barriers to effective treatment include inadequate healthcare provider training, a shortage of specialized facilities, prevalent stigma towards treatment, and prohibitive costs. Furthermore, greater naloxone distribution is necessary to reduce overdose deaths in this population. Comprehensive efforts to enhance MOUD accessibility, integrate behavioral interventions, reduce stigma, and support ongoing research into effective AYA-specific strategies are needed to address this national crisis.

Purpose of review: This review provides an overview of sexual abuse in correctional facilities, including victimization rates, reporting rates, common victims and offenders, and prevention efforts RECENT FINDINGS: There is disagreement about the cause of rape and sexual assault among men and women who are incarcerated. Some explanations argue that it is a manifestation of power and control while others argue it is a result of deprivation. Research has not isolated one specific explanation. Women tend to be victimized by correctional officers and people who are transgender are often victimized by other incarcerated people. Prevention efforts have been ineffective even through prisons are required, by law, to implement principles from the Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA) Correctional facility sexual abuse is rampant and often goes unreported. Incarcerated individuals who are victimized are often fearful of retaliation, not being believed, and embarrassed. When they do report, however, very few incidents are substantiated. Prevention efforts are lackluster and do not adequately prevent rape and sexual assault inside correctional facilities.

Purpose of review: Depression and anxiety are among the most common global mental health conditions. Emerging research highlights the impact of diet and the gut microbiome on the nervous system and mood. We review and discuss the existing research on the effects of various diets-including high-fiber, fermented, ketogenic, and calorie-restricted diets-alongside the roles of prebiotics and probiotics, on anxiety and depression.

Recent findings: While mostly observational, mounting data from randomized controlled trials support the idea that dietary modification can improve mental health outcomes by altering gut microbial composition and activity. The efficacy of supplements and probiotics in mood outcomes is conflicting. Additional research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms that link diet, the gut microbiome, and mental health. Overall, findings suggest that dietary modifications are feasible and beneficial in mild cases of anxiety and depression. This review explores the bidirectional relationship between diet, gut microbiome, and mood disorders. Various diets are discussed, and their respective impact on mental health is reviewed. Challenges in food and mood research remain due to variability in research practices. Additional studies are needed to further explore the role of nutrition in optimizing mental health.

Purpose of review: This article critically examines the disaster literature from the past three years (2022-2025) to evaluate the relationship between place attachment and children's experience of disaster response and recovery.

Recent findings: Place attachment offers a systematic lens through which we comprehensively map our understanding of the factors that shape, and are shaped by, lived experience of disaster amongst children. We outline why specific consideration of children's health and wellbeing is significant through this lens, and further consider place attachment in relation to factors identified across relevant bodies of literature. Findings are synthesized across three interdependent, cyclical dimensions: (1) disaster context, including type, location, infrastructure, and planning, (2) children's holistic experiences of place attachment, including emotional, physical, cultural, and identity-based connections; and (3) disaster outcomes such as displacement, recovery, and rebuilding. We propose suggestions for future research, particularly emphasizing the need for an expanded evidence-based, conceptual framework that builds on the model presented in this paper.

Clinical trial number: Not applicable.

Purpose of review: This narrative review critically examines the role of integrative oncology interventions, mind-body, spirituality, and religion-informed therapies, embedded within palliative care practices in Iran from 2021 to 2024.

Recent findings: Quantitative studies reveal that mindfulness-based stress reduction, cognitive hypnotherapy, and spiritual therapies grounded in Quranic recitation significantly reduce pain, anxiety, and depression, while enhancing QOL and resilience. Qualitative research highlights persistent unmet spiritual needs related to meaning, hope, and social support. Small sample sizes, short follow-up, urban-centric studies, lack of consensus on spiritual-care definitions, and provider skepticism impede generalizability and implementation.

Conclusions: Strengthening methodological rigor, developing culturally tailored evidence-based protocols, and fostering collaboration between palliative care clinicians and integrative oncology providers are imperative to advance holistic cancer care in Iran. Policy support and provider education will accelerate practice integration.

Purpose of review: This review examined the concept of exposure in children in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Recognizing the varied effects of the pandemic on children across a range of experiences, the review departed from the frequently-used analytic framework based on the stressor criterion for a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Recent findings: In addition to the more traditional types of exposure such as personal infection, illness or death of loved ones, and the experiences of children whose parents were essential workers, the review identified experiences among children in the general population as they adjusted to public health mandates, consumed pandemic media coverage, and dealt with the many changes in their daily lives.

Conclusions: While many COVID-19 experiences would not qualify as exposure for a diagnosis of PTSD, the research recognizes the importance of these experiences and their influence on various outcomes in children.

Purpose of review: We review the recent published literature on nightmare-focused interventions, including imagery rehearsal therapy, for trauma-exposed adult populations.

Recent findings: Imagery rehearsal therapy (IRT) and prazosin remain the most supported treatments, though results vary across studies. New consensus guidelines have led to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Nightmares (CBT-N), which integrates rescripting, exposure, and sleep strategies. Digital self-management, brief coaching-support, and tools like lucid dreaming or targeted memory reactivation show promise. Integrated and sequenced approaches with PTSD or insomnia treatments may improve outcomes, though evidence remains mixed. While trauma-focused treatments reduce PTSD symptoms, nightmares may persist without targeted care. Standardized CBT-based approaches, consistent outcome measurement, and studies on mechanisms and sequencing are needed to optimize and expand access to nightmare treatment.