Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome最新文献

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The inflammatory potential of diet is crucial in GDM development. This study compares dietary inflammatory indices (DII) in females with and without a history of GDM and constructs a predictive model for prediabetes risk.

Methods: Cross-sectional data from NHANES cycles (2011-2014) were analyzed using the DII. Independent t tests, chi-square test, and Mann-Whitney U test examined DII scores in relation to GDM history. Multivariate logistic regression assessed DII's association with prediabetes in females with GDM history. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) and LASSO regression modeled non-linear relationships and predicted prediabetes risk.

Results: 971 female participants were included. Those with GDM history had lower DII scores (1.62 (0.58, 2.93) vs. 2.05 (0.91, 2.93)). Higher DII scores in females with GDM were linked to prediabetes, remaining significant after adjusting for confounders. RCS analysis found no non-linear correlation (non-linear p = 0.617). The prediabetes model for GDM history had strong predictive performance (AUC = 88.6%, 95% CI: 79.9-97.4%).

Conclusion: Females with GDM history show lower DII levels, potentially reflecting improved diet and health awareness. Higher DII scores correlate with increased prediabetes risk in this group, emphasizing diet's role in diabetes risk. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Background: Considering the increasing prevalence of obesity/overweight, its treatment or prevention with new interventions can greatly help health and reduce its adverse effects in people. One of these new interventions is investigating the effect of Survodutide as a dual agonist of glucagon and GLP-1 receptors, which seems to be able to influence weight loss processes in different ways. In this study, we investigated the effect of injectable Survodutide on weight loss.

Methods: In order to identify all randomized controlled trials that investigated the effects of Survodutide on factores related to obesity, a systematic search was conducted in the original databases using predefined keywords until August 2024. The pooled weighted mean difference and 95% confidence intervals were computed using the random-effects model.

Results: The Findings from 18 treatment arms with 1029 participants indicated significant reductions in weight (WMD: -8.33 kg; 95% CI: -10.80, -5.86; I² = 99.6%), body mass index (BMI) (WMD:-4.03 kg/m²; 95% CI: -4.86, -3.20; I2 = 72.7%), and waist circumferences (WC) (WMD: -6.33 cm; 95% CI: -8.85 to -3.81; I² = 99.5%) following the Survodutide injection compared to the control group. Subgroup analysis reveals that longer interventions (more than 16 weeks) and higher doses (more than 2 mg/week) of Survodutide are associated with more significant reductions in weight and WC. These results were also observed in the meta-regression analysis.

Conclusions: The results of this meta-analysis show that Survodutide is effective in reducing weight, BMI and waist circumference, especially with longer interventions and higher doses.

Background: The association between serum triglyceride to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (THR) in late pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes (ABO) remains controversial because of inconsistent results. The present study assessed the association between maternal serum THR and incidence of ABO [preterm birth (PTB), small and large for gestational age (SGA/LGA), low birth weight (LBW) and macrosomia] in a Chinese population.

Methods: A total of 11,553 consecutive participants from a real-world database with data on lipid profiles and birth outcomes were included. Logistic regression models were applied to assess the association between THR and incident ABO. Mediation analysis was performed to investigate the contribution of pregnancy complications [gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and pre-eclampsia (PE)] to this association.

Results: Approximately 6.6% (762/11,553), 8.9% (1023/11,553), 15.5% (1792/11,553), 4.3% (494/11,553), and 7.4% (851/11,553) of individuals developed PTB, SGA, LGA, LBW and macrosomia, respectively. Significant trends across the quintiles of THR toward decreasing incidence of SGA and LBW and increasing incidence of LGA and macrosomia were observed. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (OR) in the top quintile of serum THR (> 3.16) versus the bottom quintile (< 1.44) were 0.52 for PTB, 0.48 for SGA, 0.64 for LBW, 2.80 for LGA and 3.80 for macrosomia, respectively. A 1-standard deviation (SD) increase in serum THR was associated with decreased risk of PTB [OR = 0.84, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.76-0.93), SGA (OR = 0.71, 95% CI:0.65-0.78) and LBW (OR = 0.76, 95% CI:0.65-0.90) and increased risk of LGA (OR = 1.40, 95% CI:1.32-1.49) and macrosomia (OR = 1.49, 95% CI:1.38-1.62). In mediation analyses, PE mediated - 19.8%, -10.6% and - 24.6% of THR-associated PTB, SGA and LBW, respectively, GDM accounted for - 3.7%, 6.8% and 4.3% of THR-associated PTB, LGA and macrosomia, respectively, and ICP explained - 1.9% and - 2.1% of THR-associated PTB and LBW, respectively. In addition, incorporating THR to ABO predictive models significantly improved the area under the curve for SGA (0.743 vs. 0.753, P < 0.001), LGA (0.734 vs. 0.745, P < 0.001) and macrosomia (0.786 vs. 0.800, P < 0.001).

Conclusion: Real-world data showed an association between serum THR in late pregnancy and ABO risk, and this association may be partially mediated by prevalent pregnancy complications (PE/GDM/ICP), suggesting a potential role of THR in predicting ABO (SGA/LGA/macrosomia).

Objective: To explore the association between the Oxidative Balance Score (OBS), which represents the balance of multiple oxidative stress-related dietary and lifestyle exposures, and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study design was adopted and 16,850 participants in NHANES database were included in the statistics analysis stage. The OBS was constructed by combining information from 20 a priori selected pro- and antioxidant factors. Weighted logistic regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to estimate the association between OBS and MetS.

Results: Participants in the highest OBS quartile, indicating low oxidative stress (OS) levels, exhibited a significantly lower risk of MetS (odds Ratio [OR] = 0.55, 95% confidence Interval [CI]: 0.47-0.64) compared to the lowest quartile. Specifically, higher OBS was inversely associated with abdominal obesity (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.54-0.69), hypertension (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.58-0.83), elevated triglycerides (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.57-0.82), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.50-0.70) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels (OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.62-0.88). The observed inverse association between OBS and hypertension or FBG levels appeared to primarily influenced by BMI. The association between dietary OBS intervals and elevated FBG levels was not statistically significant in men, whereas the risk was lower by 25% in women.

Conclusions: A higher OBS, representing a balance of multiple oxidative stress-related dietary and lifestyle exposures, is associated with a lower risk of MetS. Therefore, adhering to an antioxidant diet and lifestyle may help prevent the occurrence of metabolic disorders.

Background: Medical nutrition therapy is fundamental for diabetes management, however there is a lack of evidence supporting an ideal recommended carbohydrate intake for maintaining optimal glycaemia in individuals living with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Adults with T1D are increasingly drawn to very low carbohydrate (≤ 50 g/day or < 10% total energy intake) and low carbohydrate diets (< 130 g/day or < 26% total energy intake) because of the reported positive impact on both physical health and psychological well-being. Current evidence regarding the effectiveness on glycaemia and the lived experience by adults with T1D when using these diets is limited. This mixed methods systematic review was undertaken to examine the effectiveness of very low and low carbohydrate diets on HbA1c and explore the lived experience of adults with T1D who have followed these dietary regimens.

Methods: Seven databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, Informit Health Collection, Web of Science, and PsycInfo) were searched from inception to 1 October 2023. Quality assessment of the included studies was undertaken using the JBI's critical appraisal checklists. Separate quantitative and qualitative synthesis was performed, and findings were integrated for the purpose of comparison and complementarity.

Results: Seventeen studies of varying methodologies were included. Findings from quantitative research were inconclusive in determining the effectiveness of very low and low carbohydrate diets on HbA1c levels. Qualitative data synthesis identified four themes [1) Motivation to follow the diet, 2) Health benefits of the diet, 3) Challenges of the diet, and 4) Limited information (participants knowledge, information sources) about the diet] that influenced adherence to very low and low carbohydrate diets. Through the integration of results from selected studies, it was evident that there were conflicting outcomes between quantitative and qualitative studies.

Conclusions: There is little evidence to indicate that very low and low carbohydrate diets improve HbA1c in adults with T1D. However, this goes against the reported lived experiences of participants. This review highlights the insufficiency of robust evidence on this topic. Future research involving larger participant samples over longer durations are needed to provide more definitive evidence in relation to the efficacy of these diets and into the enablers and barriers experienced when using a very low or low carbohydrate diet in order to provide support to adults with T1D. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42023482800.

Background: Both anti-aging protein α-Klotho and the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index hold predictive value for the incidence, progression, and outcomes of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and many other diseases. However, their relationship remains unclear.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2016. Weighted multivariate linear regression models and subgroup analysis were constructed to assess the association between TyG index and α-Klotho levels. Nonlinear correlations were explored using restricted cubic splines (RCS), generalized additive models (GAM) and smooth curve fitting. Segmented regression model was conducted to explore potential threshold effects and identify the inflection point.

Results: A total of 2568 participants satisfied the predetermined criteria were enrolled in the final analysis. After fully adjusting for covariates, TyG index was shown to be markedly negatively correlated with α-Klotho [β=-74.07, 95%CI (-100.29,-47.85), p < 0.001]. Gender was significantly correlated with this negative connection according to subgroup analysis and interaction testing (p for interaction < 0.05).Additionally, we discovered a linear association between TyG index and α-Klotho in all participants (p for nonlinear = 0.761), while non-linear association in female (p for nonlinear = 0.016).The analysis of threshold effect in the female participants found that the inflection point of TyG index was 8.01, exceed which the level of α-Klotho decreased significantly with increasing TyG index[β=-151.72, 95%CI (-201.93, -101.50), p < 0.001].

Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate a negative association between TyG index and α-Klotho levels, with the effect being more pronounced in females. TyG index may serve as an early indicator of individuals with low α-Klotho levels, especially among females. These findings highlight the need for gender-specific considerations in clinical interventions to improve public health. Further research is needed to clarify the causal direction of this association.

Background and aims: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that leads to systemic inflammation. Maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) is a tumor suppressor that is involved in inflammation regulation. The current study investigated the association between DKD and the prevalence of the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of MEG3.

Methods: A total of 706 and 735 patients were included in the DKD and non-DKD groups, respectively. The five SNPs of MEG3, namely rs4081134 (G/A), rs10144253 (T/C), rs7158663 (G/A), rs3087918 (T/G), and rs11160608 (A/C), were genotyped using TaqMan allelic discrimination.

Results: Our results revealed that, in the DKD group, the distribution of the GG genotype of the MEG3 SNP rs3087918 was significantly lower than that of the wild-type genotype (AOR: 0.703, 95% CI: 0.506-0.975, P = 0.035). In addition, in the pre-ESRD DKD subgroup, the distribution of the TG + GG genotype of the MEG3 SNP rs3087918 was significantly lower than that of the wild-type genotype (AOR: 0.637, 95% CI: 0.421-0.962, P = 0.032). In addition, among men in the DKD subgroup, the distribution of the GG genotype of the MEG3 SNP rs3087918 was significantly lower than that of the wild-type genotype (AOR: 0.630, 95% CI: 0.401-0.990, P = 0.045). Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level was significantly higher in all T2DM patients with the wild-type genotype of the MEG3 SNP rs3087918 (P = 0.020). In addition, HbA1c levels were significantly higher in male patients and male DKD patients with the wild-type genotype of the MEG3 SNP rs3087918 (P = 0.032 and 0.031, respectively).

Conclusion: MEG3 SNP rs3087918 is significantly less prevalent in patients with DKD, and the SNP rs3087918 of MEG3 is associated with lower HbA1c levels.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a globally prevalent chronic condition. Individuals with T2DM are at increased risk of developing complications associated with both macrovascular and microvascular pathologies. These comorbidities reduce patient quality of life and increase mortality. Dietary restriction is a principal therapeutic approach for managing T2DM. This study assessed the effects of various dietary regimens on body weight and metabolic profiles in T2DM patients, aiming to determine the most beneficial interventions for enhancing clinical outcomes and overall well-being.

Methods: We conducted a literature search in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from 2003 to April 15, 2024. The risk of bias was assessed via the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB2). The certainty of the evidence was appraised via the confidence in network meta-analysis (CINeMA) framework. Intermittent fasting (IF) was directly compared with continuous energy restriction (CER) via Review Manager 5.4. Network meta-analysis was statistically assessed via R Studio 4.3.3 and STATA 14.0.

Results: Eighteen studies involving 1,658 participants were included. The network meta-analysis indicated that intermittent energy restriction, the twice-per-week fasting, time-restricted eating, fasting-mimicking diets (FMD), and CER interventions were more effective than conventional diets. Direct comparisons revealed that IF was as effective as CER for reducing glycated haemoglobin A1c, body weight, and body mass index. The results of the cumulative ranking analysis demonstrated that FMD had the greatest combined intervention effect, followed by TRE in terms of overall effectiveness.

Conclusions: Both IF and CER exert positive influences on weight control and metabolic profile enhancement in individuals with T2DM, with FMD as part of IF demonstrating the greatest impact. To substantiate these findings, more rigorous randomized controlled trials that directly compare the effects of the different IF regimens with one another and with the CER regimen are needed.