In this study the impact of sweep angle on stepped hull resistance, running attitude, and dynamic stability is investigated for a range of planing speeds from ventilation inception (𝐹𝛻≈2) to high planing speeds (𝐹𝛻≈7) using RANS CFD. Potential performance benefits of the step are isolated for three speeds and two displacements using fixed trim simulations. Differences in running attitude and dynamic stability are investigated using free running simulations at the highest speed for a range of LCG locations. Finally, any differences in ventilation inception and performance at low speeds are investigated using fixed trim and heave simulations. The study shows that swept forward steps do not necessarily ventilate earlier than other step designs but do provide resistance reductions at 𝐹𝛻<5 compared to swept aft and unstepped designs. However, at 𝐹𝛻>5, swept forward steps demonstrate significant resistance increases compared to unswept and swept aft steps. At high speeds, swept aft steps provide improved dynamic stability compared to other step designs without a resistance penalty when compared to unswept steps.
{"title":"The Impact of Sweep Angle on Stepped Planing Hull Performance","authors":"Nicholas Husser, S. Brizzolara","doi":"10.5957/fast-2021-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/fast-2021-010","url":null,"abstract":"In this study the impact of sweep angle on stepped hull resistance, running attitude, and dynamic stability is investigated for a range of planing speeds from ventilation inception (𝐹𝛻≈2) to high planing speeds (𝐹𝛻≈7) using RANS CFD. Potential performance benefits of the step are isolated for three speeds and two displacements using fixed trim simulations. Differences in running attitude and dynamic stability are investigated using free running simulations at the highest speed for a range of LCG locations. Finally, any differences in ventilation inception and performance at low speeds are investigated using fixed trim and heave simulations. The study shows that swept forward steps do not necessarily ventilate earlier than other step designs but do provide resistance reductions at 𝐹𝛻<5 compared to swept aft and unstepped designs. However, at 𝐹𝛻>5, swept forward steps demonstrate significant resistance increases compared to unswept and swept aft steps. At high speeds, swept aft steps provide improved dynamic stability compared to other step designs without a resistance penalty when compared to unswept steps.","PeriodicalId":11146,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, October 26, 2021","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77572627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Slamming is a critical loading condition that governs design of high-speed small craft. Due to sparse pressure measurements in previously conducted experimental studies and uncertainties in numerical simulations, a combined study to fully understand the three-dimensional fluid-dynamics effects on the bottom of a wedge is presented herein. The focus of this paper is on a comparison of experiments and simulations on the water-entry of a rigid wedge that represents a transverse wedge cross section of a Generic Prismatic Planing Hull (GPPH). The results show that the simulations are in very good agreement with the experiments and that these 3D effects can accurately be modeled.
{"title":"Vertical Wedge Water-Entry through Experiments and Simulation to Explore Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Flow Characteristic","authors":"Arman Bhardwaj, M. Javaherian, Nicholas Husser","doi":"10.5957/fast-2021-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/fast-2021-004","url":null,"abstract":"Slamming is a critical loading condition that governs design of high-speed small craft. Due to sparse pressure measurements in previously conducted experimental studies and uncertainties in numerical simulations, a combined study to fully understand the three-dimensional fluid-dynamics effects on the bottom of a wedge is presented herein. The focus of this paper is on a comparison of experiments and simulations on the water-entry of a rigid wedge that represents a transverse wedge cross section of a Generic Prismatic Planing Hull (GPPH). The results show that the simulations are in very good agreement with the experiments and that these 3D effects can accurately be modeled.","PeriodicalId":11146,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, October 26, 2021","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90748495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We revisit here the hydrodynamics supporting the design and development of the RiverCat class of catamaran ferries operating in Sydney Harbor since 1991. The design of the ferry was strongly influenced by the requirement to limit the erosion of the banks on the sides of the Parramatta River along which these ferries operate. More advanced software is used here. This software accounts for the hydrodynamics of the transom stern which create a hollow in the water. This hollow causes an effective hydrodynamic lengthening of the vessel. This leads to a reduction in the generation of the wave system and the consequent wave resistance. It is demonstrated that lengthening the RiverCat would substantially reduce its wave generation.
{"title":"The Wave System of the Sydney Harbor RiverCat Ferry","authors":"L. Doctors","doi":"10.5957/fast-2021-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/fast-2021-007","url":null,"abstract":"We revisit here the hydrodynamics supporting the design and development of the RiverCat class of catamaran ferries operating in Sydney Harbor since 1991. The design of the ferry was strongly influenced by the requirement to limit the erosion of the banks on the sides of the Parramatta River along which these ferries operate. More advanced software is used here. This software accounts for the hydrodynamics of the transom stern which create a hollow in the water. This hollow causes an effective hydrodynamic lengthening of the vessel. This leads to a reduction in the generation of the wave system and the consequent wave resistance. It is demonstrated that lengthening the RiverCat would substantially reduce its wave generation.","PeriodicalId":11146,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, October 26, 2021","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87718919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Computational scientists frequently publish papers discussing various sources of uncertainty in numerical methods for computational fluid dynamics. The frequently discussed sources of uncertainty are round off error, discretization error, iterative error, and mathematical model uncertainty (i.e. uncertainty in turbulence modeling). While all of these sources of uncertainty are real and impact the results of a simulation, the authors have found through experience that the most critical element to achieving accurate simulation results for high-speed craft is the generation of a high quality mesh on which the numerical methods are solved. There are, in general, two requirements for a high quality mesh; refinement regions must be applied in regions where the physics of the flow are most significant, and the three dimensional model of the hull form must be appropriately defined and fair. The latter appears to be a major contributing factor to uncertainty in CFD simulations that is not often discussed in the literature. Further, in practice there are numerous sources of geometric uncertainty between a prescribed CAD geometry and physically constructed model. In this paper, simulations are performed on two models of GPPH, with and without an edge radius on the transom to evaluate the impact of including fine geometric details (like tooling radii) in a RANS CFD model. The results of the simulations show that the inclusion of the rounded edge leads to large simulation errors in resistance and running attitude. This work has concluded that inclusion of fine geometric details in a planing hull CFD model is not beneficial to the overall accuracy of the simulations relative to necessary design accuracy.
{"title":"The Impacts of Model Uncertainty on RANS CFD Simulations of a High-Speed Craft","authors":"Joseph Messler, Nicholas Husser, S. Brizzolara","doi":"10.5957/fast-2021-026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/fast-2021-026","url":null,"abstract":"Computational scientists frequently publish papers discussing various sources of uncertainty in numerical methods for computational fluid dynamics. The frequently discussed sources of uncertainty are round off error, discretization error, iterative error, and mathematical model uncertainty (i.e. uncertainty in turbulence modeling). While all of these sources of uncertainty are real and impact the results of a simulation, the authors have found through experience that the most critical element to achieving accurate simulation results for high-speed craft is the generation of a high quality mesh on which the numerical methods are solved. There are, in general, two requirements for a high quality mesh; refinement regions must be applied in regions where the physics of the flow are most significant, and the three dimensional model of the hull form must be appropriately defined and fair. The latter appears to be a major contributing factor to uncertainty in CFD simulations that is not often discussed in the literature. Further, in practice there are numerous sources of geometric uncertainty between a prescribed CAD geometry and physically constructed model. In this paper, simulations are performed on two models of GPPH, with and without an edge radius on the transom to evaluate the impact of including fine geometric details (like tooling radii) in a RANS CFD model. The results of the simulations show that the inclusion of the rounded edge leads to large simulation errors in resistance and running attitude. This work has concluded that inclusion of fine geometric details in a planing hull CFD model is not beneficial to the overall accuracy of the simulations relative to necessary design accuracy.","PeriodicalId":11146,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, October 26, 2021","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90880381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Javaherian, R. Royce, R. Datla, Christine M. Gilbert
The progressive interest in high-speed planing craft has made it crucial to conduct more accurate assessments of the behavior of these vessels in motion. In this paper, a 2D+t approach is employed to predict the resistance, trim and wetted length of a prismatic planing craft cruising in calm water. Although this approach is based on original Zarnick 2D+t model, the hydrodynamic force is estimated using experimental wedge drop experiments in conjunction with the Logvinovich wedge water entry model. The analysis is repeated employing Savitsky prediction method and results are compared with that of towing tank measurements of Naples series. The comparison shows that the Savitsky prediction results match very well with the experimental data. The 2D+t approach also shows reasonable outcomes for the trim and wetted length. However, this approach slightly underestimates the resistance of the craft at very low Froude numbers.
{"title":"Hydrodynamics of High-Speed Planing Craft: Savitsky Method and 2D+t Approach","authors":"M. Javaherian, R. Royce, R. Datla, Christine M. Gilbert","doi":"10.5957/fast-2021-024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/fast-2021-024","url":null,"abstract":"The progressive interest in high-speed planing craft has made it crucial to conduct more accurate assessments of the behavior of these vessels in motion. In this paper, a 2D+t approach is employed to predict the resistance, trim and wetted length of a prismatic planing craft cruising in calm water. Although this approach is based on original Zarnick 2D+t model, the hydrodynamic force is estimated using experimental wedge drop experiments in conjunction with the Logvinovich wedge water entry model. The analysis is repeated employing Savitsky prediction method and results are compared with that of towing tank measurements of Naples series. The comparison shows that the Savitsky prediction results match very well with the experimental data. The 2D+t approach also shows reasonable outcomes for the trim and wetted length. However, this approach slightly underestimates the resistance of the craft at very low Froude numbers.","PeriodicalId":11146,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, October 26, 2021","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85876274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Wheeler, Philip Ryan, Flavio Cimolin, A. Gunderson, J. Scherer
Use of Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools is becoming common practice in the analysis of high speed craft. These numerical tools are of great value, since they can provide high-fidelity insight into performance of various designs by modelling non-linear effects due to viscous forces and turbulence. However, CFD tools are often seen as computationally expensive and prohibitive in a design environment. One of the main issues that impacts the use of CFD tools is numerical ventilation, when air is artificially entrained beneath the hull while using the Volume of Fluid (VOF) scheme to model the free surface. To overcome this issue, traditionally, very fine grids are requested near the surface of the hull to resolve the flow. In this paper, it will be illustrated how the use of an algebraic VOF slip velocity, in conjunction with a tight overset model and adaptive mesh refinement prevent the issue of numerical ventilation while simultaneously using a more computationally efficient mesh that produces accurate results in calm water resistance calculations. A verification and validation process comparing the VOF slip velocity method against experimental data for a known hull was conducted. Computational cost and accuracy associated with VOF slip velocity is discussed. The methodology is then applied to a stepped hull and comparisons between towing tank experiments and simulation results are looked at.
{"title":"Using VOF Slip Velocity to Improve Productivity of Planing Hull CFD Simulations","authors":"M. Wheeler, Philip Ryan, Flavio Cimolin, A. Gunderson, J. Scherer","doi":"10.5957/fast-2021-013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/fast-2021-013","url":null,"abstract":"Use of Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools is becoming common practice in the analysis of high speed craft. These numerical tools are of great value, since they can provide high-fidelity insight into performance of various designs by modelling non-linear effects due to viscous forces and turbulence. However, CFD tools are often seen as computationally expensive and prohibitive in a design environment. One of the main issues that impacts the use of CFD tools is numerical ventilation, when air is artificially entrained beneath the hull while using the Volume of Fluid (VOF) scheme to model the free surface. To overcome this issue, traditionally, very fine grids are requested near the surface of the hull to resolve the flow. In this paper, it will be illustrated how the use of an algebraic VOF slip velocity, in conjunction with a tight overset model and adaptive mesh refinement prevent the issue of numerical ventilation while simultaneously using a more computationally efficient mesh that produces accurate results in calm water resistance calculations. A verification and validation process comparing the VOF slip velocity method against experimental data for a known hull was conducted. Computational cost and accuracy associated with VOF slip velocity is discussed. The methodology is then applied to a stepped hull and comparisons between towing tank experiments and simulation results are looked at.","PeriodicalId":11146,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, October 26, 2021","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76986370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The dynamics of high-speed planing craft are complex and nonlinear. Standard analysis methods, such as linear potential theory, while convenient and computationally efficient, are often not suitable for use in predicting the dynamics of such craft because physical realities or design requirements invalidate the inherent assumptions. High-fidelity methods, such as state-of-the-art CFD simulations, can offer accurate solutions, but these methods are limited by computational cost and numerical sensitivity. In addition, these methods are not efficient enough to provide rapid evaluation of operability, i.e. simulations over a wide range of operating conditions and environments. This leaves few practical analysis options for small, high-speed craft designers who need to perform such predictions. In this paper, the authors present a neural-corrector method that shows promise in providing efficient predictions of vertical planing craft motions. The method retains higher-order terms typically truncated in the classical coupled 2-DOF system of ordinary differential equations using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks. In this manner, the robust solution provided by the linear model is retained, and the LSTM networks act as higher-order correctors. The correctors primarily regress on the solution, affording familiar numerical integration techniques for systems of nonlinear differential equations. Training and validation results from the method are compared to nonlinear simulations of 2-DOF motion of a Generic Prismatic Planing Hull (GPPH) at forward speed in head seas, with time histories given for both regular and irregular waves.
{"title":"Modeling Vertical Planing Boat Motions using a Neural-Corrector Method","authors":"K. Marlantes, K. Maki","doi":"10.5957/fast-2021-014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/fast-2021-014","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamics of high-speed planing craft are complex and nonlinear. Standard analysis methods, such as linear potential theory, while convenient and computationally efficient, are often not suitable for use in predicting the dynamics of such craft because physical realities or design requirements invalidate the inherent assumptions. High-fidelity methods, such as state-of-the-art CFD simulations, can offer accurate solutions, but these methods are limited by computational cost and numerical sensitivity. In addition, these methods are not efficient enough to provide rapid evaluation of operability, i.e. simulations over a wide range of operating conditions and environments. This leaves few practical analysis options for small, high-speed craft designers who need to perform such predictions. In this paper, the authors present a neural-corrector method that shows promise in providing efficient predictions of vertical planing craft motions. The method retains higher-order terms typically truncated in the classical coupled 2-DOF system of ordinary differential equations using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks. In this manner, the robust solution provided by the linear model is retained, and the LSTM networks act as higher-order correctors. The correctors primarily regress on the solution, affording familiar numerical integration techniques for systems of nonlinear differential equations. Training and validation results from the method are compared to nonlinear simulations of 2-DOF motion of a Generic Prismatic Planing Hull (GPPH) at forward speed in head seas, with time histories given for both regular and irregular waves.","PeriodicalId":11146,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, October 26, 2021","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75037039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mark L. Shepheard, Carolyn Q. Judge, Christine M. Gilbert
Slamming events are the source of critical design loads for small, high-speed craft. Categorization of slamming events can prove useful by identifying cases of interest for more in-depth analysis, such as high-fidelity modeling and experiments. Inspired by developments in facial recognition techniques, a quantitative method is proposed to sort slamming events using various experimental measurements. A singular value decomposition method on a matrix assembled of vectors of time-histories of rigid body motions recorded in free-to-heave-and-pitch tow tank experiments on a planing hull. While some of the categories identified in this work show distinct features in slamming accelerations consistent with previously identified categories, other categories have also been identified. These results can be used when evaluating ride quality, and design loads, and performing more in-depth studies on specific slamming categories.
{"title":"Classification of Slamming Events in Irregular Waves Measured through Tow Tank Experiments","authors":"Mark L. Shepheard, Carolyn Q. Judge, Christine M. Gilbert","doi":"10.5957/fast-2021-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/fast-2021-001","url":null,"abstract":"Slamming events are the source of critical design loads for small, high-speed craft. Categorization of slamming events can prove useful by identifying cases of interest for more in-depth analysis, such as high-fidelity modeling and experiments. Inspired by developments in facial recognition techniques, a quantitative method is proposed to sort slamming events using various experimental measurements. A singular value decomposition method on a matrix assembled of vectors of time-histories of rigid body motions recorded in free-to-heave-and-pitch tow tank experiments on a planing hull. While some of the categories identified in this work show distinct features in slamming accelerations consistent with previously identified categories, other categories have also been identified. These results can be used when evaluating ride quality, and design loads, and performing more in-depth studies on specific slamming categories.","PeriodicalId":11146,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, October 26, 2021","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75231454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexis Blasselle, C. Bouvier, Gaetan Calvar, Louis Floch
This paper presents how the recent evolutions of naval missions, threats and operation theatres have led to the need for a new kind of surface players in the modern warfare. Then, an innovative surface combatant, the Sea Striker, is introduced and her various assets and advantages explained and detailed, along with her limitations. Finally, some example of computation of Measure of Performance in different scenario are exposed, followed by a brief analysis and contextualization in order to justify the relevance of using ships like the Sea Striker in various naval operations.
{"title":"The Sea Striker: Foilers are back in the game","authors":"Alexis Blasselle, C. Bouvier, Gaetan Calvar, Louis Floch","doi":"10.5957/fast-2021-025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/fast-2021-025","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents how the recent evolutions of naval missions, threats and operation theatres have led to the need for a new kind of surface players in the modern warfare. Then, an innovative surface combatant, the Sea Striker, is introduced and her various assets and advantages explained and detailed, along with her limitations. Finally, some example of computation of Measure of Performance in different scenario are exposed, followed by a brief analysis and contextualization in order to justify the relevance of using ships like the Sea Striker in various naval operations.","PeriodicalId":11146,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, October 26, 2021","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85128653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The design of any stepped planning hull configuration is complex and the design of Dynaplane craft is no different and even more complex. The potential for the Dynaplane concept is clearly demonstrated by theory, but the practical superiority has not yet been conclusively demonstrated to the marine industry which is typically sceptical about adopting unconventional advanced technology.
{"title":"What is the True Potential of Dynaplane Technology?","authors":"N. Parkyn","doi":"10.5957/fast-2021-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/fast-2021-009","url":null,"abstract":"The design of any stepped planning hull configuration is complex and the design of Dynaplane craft is no different and even more complex. The potential for the Dynaplane concept is clearly demonstrated by theory, but the practical superiority has not yet been conclusively demonstrated to the marine industry which is typically sceptical about adopting unconventional advanced technology.","PeriodicalId":11146,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, October 26, 2021","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85947467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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