{"title":"Lower Blepharoplasty","authors":"B. Bojovic, Martin R Buta","doi":"10.1007/0-387-27081-7_7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-27081-7_7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11151,"journal":{"name":"DeckerMed Plastic Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77904747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acute abdominal pain and abdominal mass are intimately connected; therefore, the diagnostic process for evaluating abdominal pain and abdominal masses is largely the same and has been preserved since ancient times. The primary goals in the management of patients with abdominal pain and/or abdominal mass are to establish a differential diagnosis by obtaining a clinical history, to refine the differential diagnosis with a physical examination and appropriate studies, and to determine the role of operative intervention in the treatment or refinement of the working diagnosis. This review describes the process of diagnosing abdominal pain, including taking a clinical history and performing a physical examination. Investigative studies, including laboratory tests, imaging, and pathology are reviewed. Management, including surgical treatment, is discussed. Tables describe intraperitoneal and extraperitoneal causes of acute abdominal pain, frequency of specific diagnoses in patients with acute abdominal pain, and common abdominal signs and findings noted on physical examination. Figures show abdominal pain in specific locations, a data sheet, the differential diagnosis of an abdominal mass by quadrant or region, characteristic patterns of abdominal pain, acute appendicitis with associated appendicolith, bilateral adrenal masses, adrenocortical carcinoma, retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma, pancreatic mass, a sagittal ultrasonogram of the pancreas, ultrasonograms of the liver, a dark and well circumscribed abdominal mass, gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma, and percutaneous biopsy of a large abdominal mass. An algorithm outlines the assessment of acute abdominal pain and abdominal mass. This review contains 16 figures, 5 tables, and 164 references. Keywords: anatomy, swellings, inflammatory, opioid, palpatation, PET, COVID 19
{"title":"Abdominal Pain and Abdominal Mass","authors":"B. Babcock, Mohammad F. Shaikh, A. Poor, W. Bowne","doi":"10.2310/surg.2001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2310/surg.2001","url":null,"abstract":"Acute abdominal pain and abdominal mass are intimately connected; therefore, the diagnostic process for evaluating abdominal pain and abdominal masses is largely the same and has been preserved since ancient times. The primary goals in the management of patients with abdominal pain and/or abdominal mass are to establish a differential diagnosis by obtaining a clinical history, to refine the differential diagnosis with a physical examination and appropriate studies, and to determine the role of operative intervention in the treatment or refinement of the working diagnosis. This review describes the process of diagnosing abdominal pain, including taking a clinical history and performing a physical examination. Investigative studies, including laboratory tests, imaging, and pathology are reviewed. Management, including surgical treatment, is discussed. Tables describe intraperitoneal and extraperitoneal causes of acute abdominal pain, frequency of specific diagnoses in patients with acute abdominal pain, and common abdominal signs and findings noted on physical examination. Figures show abdominal pain in specific locations, a data sheet, the differential diagnosis of an abdominal mass by quadrant or region, characteristic patterns of abdominal pain, acute appendicitis with associated appendicolith, bilateral adrenal masses, adrenocortical carcinoma, retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma, pancreatic mass, a sagittal ultrasonogram of the pancreas, ultrasonograms of the liver, a dark and well circumscribed abdominal mass, gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma, and percutaneous biopsy of a large abdominal mass. An algorithm outlines the assessment of acute abdominal pain and abdominal mass.\u0000This review contains 16 figures, 5 tables, and 164 references.\u0000Keywords: anatomy, swellings, inflammatory, opioid, palpatation, PET, COVID 19","PeriodicalId":11151,"journal":{"name":"DeckerMed Plastic Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86697439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
More than 200,000 individuals are hospitalized with an acute pulmonary embolism in the United States annually. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, pulmonary embolism accounts for nearly 1% of all cardiovascular-related deaths each year in the United States alone. Those who survive an acute episode remain at a risk of recurrent events as well as ongoing dyspnea, reduced quality of life, and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Recognized risk factors for pulmonary embolism include advanced age, obesity, smoking, malignancy, immobilization from any cause, pregnancy and the postpartum period, oral contraceptives, and hormone replacement therapy. Numerous heritable and acquired thrombophilias increase the risk of pulmonary embolism. Additionally, inflammation and autoimmune disorders are increasingly recognized as potent risk factors for pulmonary embolism. This review contains 3 figures, 6 tables, 54 references. Key Words: anticoagulation, deep vein thrombosis, epidemiology, genetics, inflammation, malignancy, pulmonary embolism, thrombosis, venous thromboembolism
{"title":"Risk Factors and Epidemiology of Pulmonary Embolism","authors":"A. Waxman, A. Aday","doi":"10.2310/surg.1645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2310/surg.1645","url":null,"abstract":"More than 200,000 individuals are hospitalized with an acute pulmonary embolism in the United States annually. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, pulmonary embolism accounts for nearly 1% of all cardiovascular-related deaths each year in the United States alone. Those who survive an acute episode remain at a risk of recurrent events as well as ongoing dyspnea, reduced quality of life, and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Recognized risk factors for pulmonary embolism include advanced age, obesity, smoking, malignancy, immobilization from any cause, pregnancy and the postpartum period, oral contraceptives, and hormone replacement therapy. Numerous heritable and acquired thrombophilias increase the risk of pulmonary embolism. Additionally, inflammation and autoimmune disorders are increasingly recognized as potent risk factors for pulmonary embolism.\u0000\u0000This review contains 3 figures, 6 tables, 54 references.\u0000Key Words: anticoagulation, deep vein thrombosis, epidemiology, genetics, inflammation, malignancy, pulmonary embolism, thrombosis, venous thromboembolism","PeriodicalId":11151,"journal":{"name":"DeckerMed Plastic Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88425858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rhinoplasty is often considered the black box of plastic surgery. This apprehension can be overcome by having a fine-tuned understanding of nasal anatomy, developing an appreciation for nasal aesthetics, and becoming well-versed in the array of surgical techniques available to address specific cosmetic and functional concerns. Technical care and finesse are required in this type of surgery, where even 1 mm of change can result in a profound difference. Nasal function must also be assessed and preserved during rhinoplasty. Aside from these technical points, it is equally important to accurately and thoroughly understand each patient’s goals and to communicate the realistic outcomes and limitations of what can be done through surgery. Key words: open rhinoplasty, nasal anatomy, nasofacial analysis, rhinoplasty techniques, rhinoplasty preoperative evaluation, rhinoplasty postoperative management, lateral nasal osteotomies, nasal tip grafts, nasal tip suture techniques This review contains 23 figures, 2 tables, and 43 references.
{"title":"Open Rhinoplasty","authors":"Ginger Xu, P. Hwang, N. Seyidova, Samuel J. Lin","doi":"10.2310/ps.10046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2310/ps.10046","url":null,"abstract":"Rhinoplasty is often considered the black box of plastic surgery. This apprehension can be overcome by having a fine-tuned understanding of nasal anatomy, developing an appreciation for nasal aesthetics, and becoming well-versed in the array of surgical techniques available to address specific cosmetic and functional concerns. Technical care and finesse are required in this type of surgery, where even 1 mm of change can result in a profound difference. Nasal function must also be assessed and preserved during rhinoplasty. Aside from these technical points, it is equally important to accurately and thoroughly understand each patient’s goals and to communicate the realistic outcomes and limitations of what can be done through surgery. \u0000Key words: open rhinoplasty, nasal anatomy, nasofacial analysis, rhinoplasty techniques, rhinoplasty preoperative evaluation, rhinoplasty postoperative management, lateral nasal osteotomies, nasal tip grafts, nasal tip suture techniques\u0000This review contains 23 figures, 2 tables, and 43 references.","PeriodicalId":11151,"journal":{"name":"DeckerMed Plastic Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87990899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the past few decades, the incidence of obesity has been steadily rising in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates greater than 40% of the US adult population is obese. Rising obesity rates are also increasing among children and adolescents as well, with nearly one in five children and adolescents considered obese. As a result, surgeons today face the challenge of caring for an increasing number of morbidly obese patients, and this trend is expected to worsen over time. This review covers preoperative evaluation, obesity-related comorbidities, respiratory insufficiency, anesthesia in patients with respiratory insufficiency, intraoperative management, postoperative management, complications of gastric surgery for obesity, diabetes mellitus, wound care, and other obesity-related diseases. Figures show impaired pulmonary function in the morbidly obese improved significantly after weight loss induced by bariatric surgery, significant improvement in mean pulmonary arterial pressure in 18 patients, 3 to 9 months after gastric surgery-induced weight loss of 42% ± 19% of excess weight, and a chronic venous stasis ulcer present for several years in a morbidly obese patient. The tables list evaluation and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea, and indications for extended postoperative chemoprophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in morbidly obese patients. This review contains 3 highly rendered figures, 2 tables, and 46 references Keywords: morbid obesity, obesity, metabolic surgery, venous thromboembolism chemoprophylaxis, Obstructive Sleep Apnea
{"title":"The Morbidly Obese Surgical Patient","authors":"Michael Schweitzer, G. Grimberg","doi":"10.2310/surg.2216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2310/surg.2216","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past few decades, the incidence of obesity has been steadily rising in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates greater than 40% of the US adult population is obese. Rising obesity rates are also increasing among children and adolescents as well, with nearly one in five children and adolescents considered obese. As a result, surgeons today face the challenge of caring for an increasing number of morbidly obese patients, and this trend is expected to worsen over time. This review covers preoperative evaluation, obesity-related comorbidities, respiratory insufficiency, anesthesia in patients with respiratory insufficiency, intraoperative management, postoperative management, complications of gastric surgery for obesity, diabetes mellitus, wound care, and other obesity-related diseases. Figures show impaired pulmonary function in the morbidly obese improved significantly after weight loss induced by bariatric surgery, significant improvement in mean pulmonary arterial pressure in 18 patients, 3 to 9 months after gastric surgery-induced weight loss of 42% ± 19% of excess weight, and a chronic venous stasis ulcer present for several years in a morbidly obese patient. The tables list evaluation and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea, and indications for extended postoperative chemoprophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in morbidly obese patients.\u0000This review contains 3 highly rendered figures, 2 tables, and 46 references\u0000Keywords: morbid obesity, obesity, metabolic surgery, venous thromboembolism chemoprophylaxis, Obstructive Sleep Apnea","PeriodicalId":11151,"journal":{"name":"DeckerMed Plastic Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89384795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The overall incidence of gastric carcinoma has decreased in the past few decades, but it remains the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Malignant tumors of the small intestine are rare, and account for fewer than 5% of all gastrointestinal tract malignancies. This review details the classification, risk factors, clinical evaluation, investigative studies, staging, management, and follow-up and management of recurrent disease in gastric adenocarcinoma; in addition, it examines nonadenocarcinomatous gastric malignancies and small bowel malignancies. This review contains 7 figures, 16 tables, and 92 references. Keywords:Gastric adenocarcinoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, gastric lymphoma, Helicobacter pylori, small bowel adenocarcinoma, surgical resection, staging, chemotherapy, radiation therapy
{"title":"Tumors of the Stomach and Small Bowel","authors":"J. Wayne, L. Knab, D. Bentrem","doi":"10.2310/surg.2067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2310/surg.2067","url":null,"abstract":"The overall incidence of gastric carcinoma has decreased in the past few decades, but it remains the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Malignant tumors of the small intestine are rare, and account for fewer than 5% of all gastrointestinal tract malignancies. This review details the classification, risk factors, clinical evaluation, investigative studies, staging, management, and follow-up and management of recurrent disease in gastric adenocarcinoma; in addition, it examines nonadenocarcinomatous gastric malignancies and small bowel malignancies. \u0000This review contains 7 figures, 16 tables, and 92 references.\u0000Keywords:Gastric adenocarcinoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, gastric lymphoma, Helicobacter pylori, small bowel adenocarcinoma, surgical resection, staging, chemotherapy, radiation therapy","PeriodicalId":11151,"journal":{"name":"DeckerMed Plastic Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86459154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mastopexy and mastopexy-augmentation are commonly performed surgeries to lift ptotic breasts while improving breast shape and volume. Factors that cause breast ptosis include aging, hormonal changes, and weight loss. Common surgical approaches for mastopexy utilize the periareolar, vertical, and wise techniques. All of these techniques incorporate parenchymal rearrangement in addition to skin envelope resection in order to achieve the patient’s aesthetic goals. A plastic surgeon should carefully select the appropriate mastopexy technique based on a patient’s preoperative grade of ptosis, breast shape/volume, and aesthetic goals. Many of these mastopexy techniques can be combined with implant augmentation, either as a single or two-stage procedure in appropriate patients with volume concerns. Revisions tend to be more common after implant-augmentations and may be necessary based on patient concerns and surgeon discretion. This review contains 5 figures, 5 tables, and 14 references Keywords: mastopexy, mastopexy-augmentation, breast lift, breast ptosis, vertical mastopexy, periareolar mastopexy, wise pattern mastopexy, breast surgery
{"title":"Mastopexy","authors":"A. Arnautovic, Justin M Broyles","doi":"10.1201/b16610-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/b16610-51","url":null,"abstract":"Mastopexy and mastopexy-augmentation are commonly performed surgeries to lift ptotic breasts while improving breast shape and volume. Factors that cause breast ptosis include aging, hormonal changes, and weight loss. Common surgical approaches for mastopexy utilize the periareolar, vertical, and wise techniques. All of these techniques incorporate parenchymal rearrangement in addition to skin envelope resection in order to achieve the patient’s aesthetic goals. A plastic surgeon should carefully select the appropriate mastopexy technique based on a patient’s preoperative grade of ptosis, breast shape/volume, and aesthetic goals. Many of these mastopexy techniques can be combined with implant augmentation, either as a single or two-stage procedure in appropriate patients with volume concerns. Revisions tend to be more common after implant-augmentations and may be necessary based on patient concerns and surgeon discretion. \u0000This review contains 5 figures, 5 tables, and 14 references\u0000Keywords: mastopexy, mastopexy-augmentation, breast lift, breast ptosis, vertical mastopexy, periareolar mastopexy, wise pattern mastopexy, breast surgery","PeriodicalId":11151,"journal":{"name":"DeckerMed Plastic Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86392463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The following chapter will provide a broad overview of the most common osseous lesions a surgeon will encounter when a pediatric patient presents with a bone-like head and neck tumor. The selected topics discussed below will be benign and malignant odontogenic cysts and tumors, and non-odontogenic benign (giant cell tumors, fibrous dysplasia, and juvenile ossifying fibroma) and malignant (osteosarcoma and ewing sarcoma) osseous tumors. This chapter has 4 figures, 3 tables, and 40 references Key Words: odontogenic cyst, non-odontogenic cysts, odontogenic tumors, giant cell tumor, fibrous dysplasia, juvenile ossifying fibroma, osteosarcoma, ewing sarcoma
{"title":"Head and Neck Tumors in Children","authors":"Joseph J. Lopez, Jason W. Yu, S. Afshar","doi":"10.2310/PS.10032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2310/PS.10032","url":null,"abstract":"The following chapter will provide a broad overview of the most common osseous lesions a surgeon will encounter when a pediatric patient presents with a bone-like head and neck tumor. The selected topics discussed below will be benign and malignant odontogenic cysts and tumors, and non-odontogenic benign (giant cell tumors, fibrous dysplasia, and juvenile ossifying fibroma) and malignant (osteosarcoma and ewing sarcoma) osseous tumors.\u0000This chapter has 4 figures, 3 tables, and 40 references\u0000Key Words: odontogenic cyst, non-odontogenic cysts, odontogenic tumors, giant cell tumor, fibrous dysplasia, juvenile ossifying fibroma, osteosarcoma, ewing sarcoma","PeriodicalId":11151,"journal":{"name":"DeckerMed Plastic Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80624106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this chapter is to review the anatomy and function of extensor tendons, the physiology of tendon healing, and general principles regarding common acute and chronic extensor tendon injuries. Acute injuries are classified according to the modified Verdan system and the presenting symptoms, physical exam findings, and treatment strategies are discussed by zone of injury. Common chronic extensor tendon injuries are discussed as they relate to the dorsal wrist's division into six discrete fibro-osseous compartments. Lastly, this chapter reviews the role of operative vs non-operative management as well as the use of immobilization vs early protective motion in the post-operative setting. This review contains 7 figures, 1 table and 37 references. Keywords: extensor, tendon, repair, reconstruction, rehabilitation, tendonopathy, surgery, splint
{"title":"Extensor Tendon Repair and Reconstruction","authors":"Kelly D. Ledbetter, J. Friedrich","doi":"10.2310/PS.10036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2310/PS.10036","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this chapter is to review the anatomy and function of extensor tendons, the physiology of tendon healing, and general principles regarding common acute and chronic extensor tendon injuries. Acute injuries are classified according to the modified Verdan system and the presenting symptoms, physical exam findings, and treatment strategies are discussed by zone of injury. Common chronic extensor tendon injuries are discussed as they relate to the dorsal wrist's division into six discrete fibro-osseous compartments. Lastly, this chapter reviews the role of operative vs non-operative management as well as the use of immobilization vs early protective motion in the post-operative setting.\u0000This review contains 7 figures, 1 table and 37 references.\u0000Keywords: extensor, tendon, repair, reconstruction, rehabilitation, tendonopathy, surgery, splint","PeriodicalId":11151,"journal":{"name":"DeckerMed Plastic Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90933868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) refers to a rare group of cancers that develop from mesenchymal cells and their progenitors. Histologic subtype, in conjunction with tumor location and size, largely defines the biologic behavior of a given lesion and the associated clinical prognosis in these cancers. The diverse characteristics of these tumors means that their treatment is similarly complex. The etiology, tumor staging and prognosis, evaluation, and treatment of STS are discussed in this review, with an aim to present an algorithm for patient evaluation and treatment while highlighting common indications for diverging from this strategy as dictated by disease subtype and location. Figures show the histologic distribution of primary STS diagnosed in the extremity and retroperitoneum and intra-abdominal compartments; disease-specific survival for primary extremity and retroperitoneal and intra-abdominal tumors stratified by histologic subtype; local recurrence in primary extremity STS stratified by histologic subtype; disease-specific survival according to American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNGM stage; a postoperative nomogram for prediction of sarcoma-specific death at 12 years postresection for patients with STS; representative cross-sectional images of an atypical lipomatous tumor, a myxofibrosarcoma, and a desmoid tumor; a treatment algorithm for STS of the extremity; a magnetic resonance image and intraoperative photographs showing a mixoid liposarcoma of the posterior thigh; and computed tomography showing a retroperitoneal dedifferentiated liposarcoma and a photograph of the surgical bed following resection. This review contains 10 figures, 12 tables, and 49 references. Keywords: Sarcoma, soft tissue, cancer, myxofibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma,
{"title":"Soft Tissue Sarcoma","authors":"A. Crago, S. Singer","doi":"10.2310/surg.2042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2310/surg.2042","url":null,"abstract":"Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) refers to a rare group of cancers that develop from mesenchymal cells and their progenitors. Histologic subtype, in conjunction with tumor location and size, largely defines the biologic behavior of a given lesion and the associated clinical prognosis in these cancers. The diverse characteristics of these tumors means that their treatment is similarly complex. The etiology, tumor staging and prognosis, evaluation, and treatment of STS are discussed in this review, with an aim to present an algorithm for patient evaluation and treatment while highlighting common indications for diverging from this strategy as dictated by disease subtype and location. Figures show the histologic distribution of primary STS diagnosed in the extremity and retroperitoneum and intra-abdominal compartments; disease-specific survival for primary extremity and retroperitoneal and intra-abdominal tumors stratified by histologic subtype; local recurrence in primary extremity STS stratified by histologic subtype; disease-specific survival according to American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNGM stage; a postoperative nomogram for prediction of sarcoma-specific death at 12 years postresection for patients with STS; representative cross-sectional images of an atypical lipomatous tumor, a myxofibrosarcoma, and a desmoid tumor; a treatment algorithm for STS of the extremity; a magnetic resonance image and intraoperative photographs showing a mixoid liposarcoma of the posterior thigh; and computed tomography showing a retroperitoneal dedifferentiated liposarcoma and a photograph of the surgical bed following resection. \u0000This review contains 10 figures, 12 tables, and 49 references.\u0000Keywords: Sarcoma, soft tissue, cancer, myxofibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma,","PeriodicalId":11151,"journal":{"name":"DeckerMed Plastic Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82377049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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