Kyra Diehl, Elise Krippaehne, Marine Minasyan, Marian Banh, Sara Yumeen, Fatima N Mirza, Karim Hajjar, Justin Ng, Nejma Wais, Anabel Goulding, Ivin Yu, Marissa D Tran, Akber Sheikh, Cassandra Lai, Niyati Panchal, Alice Kesler, Shelbie Serad, Justice Brown, Ariya Lippincott, Guixing Wei, Terrence Vance, Oliver J Wisco
Understanding the genetic adaptations that occurred as humans migrated out of Africa to higher latitudes helps explain on a population-wide level how UV radiation (UVR) exposure will have varying consequences and benefits in patients of different skin pigmentations. It has been hypothesized that the need for efficient vitamin D synthesis was the primary driver for the skin-lightening process that evolutionarily occurred as humans migrated to higher latitudes. This review analyzes the level of support for the hypothesis that skin lightening occurred to enable adequate vitamin D synthesis in populations that migrated to areas with less UVR. Our literature search supported the hypothesis that through natural selection and intricate genetic adaptations, humans who migrated to areas with lower levels of UVR underwent a skin-lightening process to avoid the consequences of vitamin D deficiency. Our review includes an analysis of migration patterns out of Africa and how these affected pigmentation genes that are found in certain ethnic populations can be used to better understand this critical adaptation process when counseling patients on the need for sun protection.
了解人类从非洲迁徙到更高纬度地区时发生的基因适应性，有助于从整体上解释紫外线辐射（UVR）照射如何对不同皮肤色素沉着的患者产生不同的后果和益处。有一种假设认为，随着人类向高纬度地区迁移，高效合成维生素 D 的需求是皮肤美白过程的主要驱动力。本综述分析了对这一假设的支持程度，即迁移到紫外线照射较少地区的人群出现皮肤变白是为了能够合成足够的维生素 D。我们的文献检索支持这样的假设，即通过自然选择和复杂的基因适应，迁移到紫外线辐射较低地区的人类经历了一个皮肤变白的过程，以避免维生素 D 缺乏的后果。我们的综述包括对非洲移民模式的分析，以及在向患者提供防晒咨询时，如何利用在某些种族人群中发现的这些受影响的色素沉着基因来更好地理解这一关键的适应过程。
{"title":"Exploring Skin Pigmentation Adaptation: A Systematic Review on the Vitamin D Adaptation Hypothesis.","authors":"Kyra Diehl, Elise Krippaehne, Marine Minasyan, Marian Banh, Sara Yumeen, Fatima N Mirza, Karim Hajjar, Justin Ng, Nejma Wais, Anabel Goulding, Ivin Yu, Marissa D Tran, Akber Sheikh, Cassandra Lai, Niyati Panchal, Alice Kesler, Shelbie Serad, Justice Brown, Ariya Lippincott, Guixing Wei, Terrence Vance, Oliver J Wisco","doi":"10.12788/cutis.1019","DOIUrl":"10.12788/cutis.1019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the genetic adaptations that occurred as humans migrated out of Africa to higher latitudes helps explain on a population-wide level how UV radiation (UVR) exposure will have varying consequences and benefits in patients of different skin pigmentations. It has been hypothesized that the need for efficient vitamin D synthesis was the primary driver for the skin-lightening process that evolutionarily occurred as humans migrated to higher latitudes. This review analyzes the level of support for the hypothesis that skin lightening occurred to enable adequate vitamin D synthesis in populations that migrated to areas with less UVR. Our literature search supported the hypothesis that through natural selection and intricate genetic adaptations, humans who migrated to areas with lower levels of UVR underwent a skin-lightening process to avoid the consequences of vitamin D deficiency. Our review includes an analysis of migration patterns out of Africa and how these affected pigmentation genes that are found in certain ethnic populations can be used to better understand this critical adaptation process when counseling patients on the need for sun protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":11195,"journal":{"name":"Cutis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141747703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kathleen L Hill, Haley M Fulton, Thomas W McGovern
The cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula grows in marine and estuarine environments across the world and produces many biologically active compounds. Direct contact with L majuscula and its dermatoxins can cause seaweed dermatitis, which manifests as a papulovesicular eruption. As oceans warm, L majuscula will bloom more frequently; therefore, public awareness of L majuscula and seaweed dermatitis in oceanside communities can help promote precautions that can reduce the risk for exposure. This article describes the irritants that lead to dermatitis, clinical presentation, and prevention and management of seaweed dermatitis.
{"title":"Aquatic Antagonists: Seaweed Dermatitis (Lyngbya majuscula).","authors":"Kathleen L Hill, Haley M Fulton, Thomas W McGovern","doi":"10.12788/cutis.1032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12788/cutis.1032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula grows in marine and estuarine environments across the world and produces many biologically active compounds. Direct contact with L majuscula and its dermatoxins can cause seaweed dermatitis, which manifests as a papulovesicular eruption. As oceans warm, L majuscula will bloom more frequently; therefore, public awareness of L majuscula and seaweed dermatitis in oceanside communities can help promote precautions that can reduce the risk for exposure. This article describes the irritants that lead to dermatitis, clinical presentation, and prevention and management of seaweed dermatitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":11195,"journal":{"name":"Cutis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141747699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Care for Patients With Skin Cancer.","authors":"Brandon Smith, Priya Engel, Sogol Stephanie Javadi, Alexander Egeberg, Jashin J Wu","doi":"10.12788/cutis.1011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12788/cutis.1011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11195,"journal":{"name":"Cutis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141747706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Purpuric Eruption in a Patient With Hairy Cell Leukemia.","authors":"Ashley N Gray, Daniel Flood, Abraham M Korman","doi":"10.12788/cutis.1020","DOIUrl":"10.12788/cutis.1020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11195,"journal":{"name":"Cutis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141747708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
At the 2024 American Academy of Dermatology annual meeting in San Diego, California, attendees explored the latest advancements in clinical and surgical dermatology and physician well-being. Key takeaways for residents included enhancing surgical experiences, adapting ergonomic practices, and prioritizing both patient and physician well-being. The meeting underscored the importance of combining technical proficiency with compassionate patient care and continuous learning in dermatology.
{"title":"Surgical Pearls and Wellness Tips From the American Academy of Dermatology Annual Meeting.","authors":"George M Jeha","doi":"10.12788/cutis.1022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12788/cutis.1022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>At the 2024 American Academy of Dermatology annual meeting in San Diego, California, attendees explored the latest advancements in clinical and surgical dermatology and physician well-being. Key takeaways for residents included enhancing surgical experiences, adapting ergonomic practices, and prioritizing both patient and physician well-being. The meeting underscored the importance of combining technical proficiency with compassionate patient care and continuous learning in dermatology.</p>","PeriodicalId":11195,"journal":{"name":"Cutis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141747713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elizabeth Richards, Joshua Schimmel, Michael Renzi, Naomi Lawrence
Cutaneous angiosarcoma (CAS) is a rare aggressive malignancy that most commonly manifests in White men older than 60 years and often appears as an enlarging ecchymosis on the head, neck, or scalp. Surgery with negative margins is the first-line treatment. The role of Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is uncertain but can be used in smaller, well-circumscribed lesions on the head and neck. The greatest impact that dermatologists can have in the management of CAS is through a thorough total-body skin examination and heightened awareness resulting in a shortened time to diagnosis. Until quality evidence allows for the creation of consensus guidelines, multidisciplinary care at a cancer center that specializes in rare difficult-to-treat tumors is essential in optimizing patient outcomes.
皮肤血管肉瘤（CAS）是一种罕见的侵袭性恶性肿瘤，最常见于60岁以上的白种男性，通常表现为头部、颈部或头皮上的肿大瘀斑。边缘阴性的手术是一线治疗方法。莫氏显微摄影手术（MMS）的作用尚不确定，但可用于头颈部较小、周界清晰的病变。皮肤科医生在 CAS 的治疗中能发挥的最大作用是通过全面的全身皮肤检查和提高认识来缩短诊断时间。在高质量的证据允许制定共识指南之前，在专门治疗罕见难治肿瘤的癌症中心进行多学科治疗对于优化患者预后至关重要。
{"title":"An Update on Cutaneous Angiosarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment.","authors":"Elizabeth Richards, Joshua Schimmel, Michael Renzi, Naomi Lawrence","doi":"10.12788/cutis.1008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12788/cutis.1008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cutaneous angiosarcoma (CAS) is a rare aggressive malignancy that most commonly manifests in White men older than 60 years and often appears as an enlarging ecchymosis on the head, neck, or scalp. Surgery with negative margins is the first-line treatment. The role of Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is uncertain but can be used in smaller, well-circumscribed lesions on the head and neck. The greatest impact that dermatologists can have in the management of CAS is through a thorough total-body skin examination and heightened awareness resulting in a shortened time to diagnosis. Until quality evidence allows for the creation of consensus guidelines, multidisciplinary care at a cancer center that specializes in rare difficult-to-treat tumors is essential in optimizing patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11195,"journal":{"name":"Cutis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141747698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chronic Cribriform Ulcerated Plaque on the Left Calf.","authors":"Christos Dimitris Zouzias, Kristyna Lee, Arlene Rogachefsky","doi":"10.12788/cutis.1013","DOIUrl":"10.12788/cutis.1013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11195,"journal":{"name":"Cutis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141747700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karlyn Pollack, Erica Mark, Mary-Margaret B Noland
{"title":"Early Treatment of Lyme Disease Prompted by Histopathologic Analysis of the Abdomen of an Engorged Tick.","authors":"Karlyn Pollack, Erica Mark, Mary-Margaret B Noland","doi":"10.12788/cutis.1017","DOIUrl":"10.12788/cutis.1017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11195,"journal":{"name":"Cutis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141747702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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