W. Atchison, J. Goforth, I. Lindemuth, R. Reinovsky
A key element in the design of a coaxial generator system is the simplicity of the geometry. The clean cylindrical geometry allows us a reasonable chance at modeling RANCHERO performance using the authors' 1D and 2D MHD modeling codes. The results of numerical simulations have been compare to several tests of the RANCHERO system in a variety of configurations. Recent comparisons of 1D calculations with the REOT-2 data have been extremely good and suggest that the generator is behaving in a very 1D like nature until reaching 90-95% of peak current. Differences between calculated current and measured performance during the last 3 mm (out of 70 mm) of flux compression may be a consequence of either the EOS for SF/sub 6/, 2D effects, or both. This study examines the existing models and attempt to provide a robust integrated model which can then be used to drive design studies, pre- and post-shot analysis, and predict performance parameters for slight variations of the base design of RANCHERO.
{"title":"Modeling and analysis of the RANCHERO coaxial explosive pulse power generator system","authors":"W. Atchison, J. Goforth, I. Lindemuth, R. Reinovsky","doi":"10.1109/PPC.1999.825478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.1999.825478","url":null,"abstract":"A key element in the design of a coaxial generator system is the simplicity of the geometry. The clean cylindrical geometry allows us a reasonable chance at modeling RANCHERO performance using the authors' 1D and 2D MHD modeling codes. The results of numerical simulations have been compare to several tests of the RANCHERO system in a variety of configurations. Recent comparisons of 1D calculations with the REOT-2 data have been extremely good and suggest that the generator is behaving in a very 1D like nature until reaching 90-95% of peak current. Differences between calculated current and measured performance during the last 3 mm (out of 70 mm) of flux compression may be a consequence of either the EOS for SF/sub 6/, 2D effects, or both. This study examines the existing models and attempt to provide a robust integrated model which can then be used to drive design studies, pre- and post-shot analysis, and predict performance parameters for slight variations of the base design of RANCHERO.","PeriodicalId":11209,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. 12th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference. (Cat. No.99CH36358)","volume":"17 1","pages":"332-335 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87633001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The terawatt iodine laser system ASTERIX IV, which has been recently transferred from Germany to the Czech Republic, is presently being commissioned in a new user facility called PALS (Prague Asterix Laser System). The PALS facility is scheduled to provide its beam time to the international user community from early 2000. In this paper, the state-of-the-art of the PALS project is described and the major upgrades PALS will offer to its users are briefly discussed.
{"title":"Prague Asterix Laser System-a new high power facility","authors":"K. Jungwirth, J. Ullschmied, K. Rohlena, B. Rus","doi":"10.1109/PPC.1999.823689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.1999.823689","url":null,"abstract":"The terawatt iodine laser system ASTERIX IV, which has been recently transferred from Germany to the Czech Republic, is presently being commissioned in a new user facility called PALS (Prague Asterix Laser System). The PALS facility is scheduled to provide its beam time to the international user community from early 2000. In this paper, the state-of-the-art of the PALS project is described and the major upgrades PALS will offer to its users are briefly discussed.","PeriodicalId":11209,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. 12th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference. (Cat. No.99CH36358)","volume":"50 1","pages":"1010-1013 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85699088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Current debris models are able to predict the growth of the space debris problem and suggest that spacecraft must employ armor or bumper shields for some orbital altitudes now and that the problem will become worse as a function of time. The practical upper limit to the velocity distribution is on the order of 40 km/s and is associated with the natural environment. The velocity distribution of the man-made component peaks at 9-10 km/s with maximum velocity in the 14-16 km/s range. Experience in space has verified that the "high probability of impact" particles are in the microgram to milligram range. These particles can have very significant effects on coatings, insulators and thin metallic layers. The surface of thick materials becomes pitted and the local debris component is enhanced by ejecta from the impact events. In this paper, the HYPER facility is described which produces a reasonable simulation of the man-made space debris spectrum in a controlled environment. The facility capability is discussed in terms of drive geometry, energetics, velocity distribution, diagnostics, and projectile/debris loading.
{"title":"A plasma drag hypervelocity particle accelerator (HYPER)","authors":"S. Best","doi":"10.1109/PPC.1999.825437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.1999.825437","url":null,"abstract":"Current debris models are able to predict the growth of the space debris problem and suggest that spacecraft must employ armor or bumper shields for some orbital altitudes now and that the problem will become worse as a function of time. The practical upper limit to the velocity distribution is on the order of 40 km/s and is associated with the natural environment. The velocity distribution of the man-made component peaks at 9-10 km/s with maximum velocity in the 14-16 km/s range. Experience in space has verified that the \"high probability of impact\" particles are in the microgram to milligram range. These particles can have very significant effects on coatings, insulators and thin metallic layers. The surface of thick materials becomes pitted and the local debris component is enhanced by ejecta from the impact events. In this paper, the HYPER facility is described which produces a reasonable simulation of the man-made space debris spectrum in a controlled environment. The facility capability is discussed in terms of drive geometry, energetics, velocity distribution, diagnostics, and projectile/debris loading.","PeriodicalId":11209,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. 12th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference. (Cat. No.99CH36358)","volume":"75 1","pages":"161-164 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82992075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. F. Bukharov, V. Chelpanov, V. A. Demidov, A. V. Ivanovsky, V. Kornilov, V. Selemir, E. A. Tsareva, V. Zhdanov
The investigation program of plasma current open switches (POS) on "EMIR" project is stated. The calculation model is described and results of test comparison of calculation results and the experiment are presented. Results of experimental investigations of POS operation at current load to plasma channel generated by one injector up to 180 kA are presented.
{"title":"Investigation program on plasma current open switches on \"EMIR\" project","authors":"V. F. Bukharov, V. Chelpanov, V. A. Demidov, A. V. Ivanovsky, V. Kornilov, V. Selemir, E. A. Tsareva, V. Zhdanov","doi":"10.1109/PPC.1999.823694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.1999.823694","url":null,"abstract":"The investigation program of plasma current open switches (POS) on \"EMIR\" project is stated. The calculation model is described and results of test comparison of calculation results and the experiment are presented. Results of experimental investigations of POS operation at current load to plasma channel generated by one injector up to 180 kA are presented.","PeriodicalId":11209,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. 12th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference. (Cat. No.99CH36358)","volume":"61 1","pages":"1029-1032 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82993007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. A. Boyko, A. Bykov, M. I. Dolotenko, N. P. Kolokolchikov
Possibility of modification of MC-1 cascade generator of 10 MOe range reproducible magnetic fields in order to convert it into high-power electromagnetic energy source, providing more than 50 MJ with energy density of /spl sim/0.2 MJ/cm/sup 3/ in the volume by a diameter about 2 cm and length of /spl sim/1 m, is considered for the first time. Such a generator could be useful for investigations of dense magnetized plasma, interaction of charged particle beams with magnetic field and plasma, studying of possibility of X-ray lasers creation and other processes, which require high electromagnetic field at simultaneously high values of its density.
{"title":"High-power energy source, based on MC-1 cascade generator","authors":"B. A. Boyko, A. Bykov, M. I. Dolotenko, N. P. Kolokolchikov","doi":"10.1109/PPC.1999.823620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.1999.823620","url":null,"abstract":"Possibility of modification of MC-1 cascade generator of 10 MOe range reproducible magnetic fields in order to convert it into high-power electromagnetic energy source, providing more than 50 MJ with energy density of /spl sim/0.2 MJ/cm/sup 3/ in the volume by a diameter about 2 cm and length of /spl sim/1 m, is considered for the first time. Such a generator could be useful for investigations of dense magnetized plasma, interaction of charged particle beams with magnetic field and plasma, studying of possibility of X-ray lasers creation and other processes, which require high electromagnetic field at simultaneously high values of its density.","PeriodicalId":11209,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. 12th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference. (Cat. No.99CH36358)","volume":"11 1","pages":"743-745 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82212686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Lam, J. Banister, B. Christensen, R. Schneider, B. Whitton, S. Wong, L. Pressley, S. Seiler
Double-EAGLE has been serving as a reliable user radiation facility for the past 15 years. It is primarily a 2-MV, 4-MA, 85-ns pulse generator driving PRS or diode loads. It can be operated in short- and long-pulse modes for both positive and negative polarities to meet the requirements of the radiation front-end load. In the negative, short pulse mode, the generator delivers more than 4 MA current to the PRS load with a pulsewidth of about 85 ns, and in the long pulse mode, the generator delivers the same amount of current with a pulsewidth of 180 ns. In the positive short pulse mode, Double-EAGLE delivers multi-MA currents and 2 MV voltage into reflex diodes for user radiation. We have made substantial improvements in the reliability of Double-EAGLE by improving the operation of the water switches and the triggered gas switches. The machine can now operate consistently with better than 10 ns synchronization between the two EAGLE modules. We present the Double-EAGLE facility operation data and capability.
{"title":"Improvement on Double-EAGLE machine synchronization in both negative and positive modes of operation","authors":"S. Lam, J. Banister, B. Christensen, R. Schneider, B. Whitton, S. Wong, L. Pressley, S. Seiler","doi":"10.1109/PPC.1999.823804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.1999.823804","url":null,"abstract":"Double-EAGLE has been serving as a reliable user radiation facility for the past 15 years. It is primarily a 2-MV, 4-MA, 85-ns pulse generator driving PRS or diode loads. It can be operated in short- and long-pulse modes for both positive and negative polarities to meet the requirements of the radiation front-end load. In the negative, short pulse mode, the generator delivers more than 4 MA current to the PRS load with a pulsewidth of about 85 ns, and in the long pulse mode, the generator delivers the same amount of current with a pulsewidth of 180 ns. In the positive short pulse mode, Double-EAGLE delivers multi-MA currents and 2 MV voltage into reflex diodes for user radiation. We have made substantial improvements in the reliability of Double-EAGLE by improving the operation of the water switches and the triggered gas switches. The machine can now operate consistently with better than 10 ns synchronization between the two EAGLE modules. We present the Double-EAGLE facility operation data and capability.","PeriodicalId":11209,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. 12th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference. (Cat. No.99CH36358)","volume":"55 1","pages":"1453-1455 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79848080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Perevodchikov, V. Shapenko, A. Scherbakov, K. Ulyanov
The features of a design and characteristics of special vacuum tubes, electron-beam valves (EBV), intended for switching in high-power high-voltage electrotechnical systems are considered. It is shown that EBV can be effectively used in power supplies of dust cleaning electrostatic precipitators (ESP). The possibility of using EBV in the pulse power supply system with streamer discharge for cleaning from oxides is considered and the concept of combined effluents cleaning from oxides and dust is represented.
{"title":"Pulse power supply units based on electron-beam valves for cleaning industrial effluents from oxides and dust","authors":"V. Perevodchikov, V. Shapenko, A. Scherbakov, K. Ulyanov","doi":"10.1109/PPC.1999.823769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.1999.823769","url":null,"abstract":"The features of a design and characteristics of special vacuum tubes, electron-beam valves (EBV), intended for switching in high-power high-voltage electrotechnical systems are considered. It is shown that EBV can be effectively used in power supplies of dust cleaning electrostatic precipitators (ESP). The possibility of using EBV in the pulse power supply system with streamer discharge for cleaning from oxides is considered and the concept of combined effluents cleaning from oxides and dust is represented.","PeriodicalId":11209,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. 12th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference. (Cat. No.99CH36358)","volume":"410 1","pages":"1317-1321 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80021139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Switching conditions influence on dielectric strength of internal insulation of high-current triggered vacuum switches with trapezoidal-rod electrode system is investigated. Investigations were carried out for two switching regimes. In the first regime electrode erosion occurs mainly in a vapor phase where the electrode surface remains smooth after switching. In the other switching regime a drop phase of electrode erosion prevails and considerable electrode surface damage takes place. It follows from statistical processing of experimental data that the breakdown voltage distribution is described with a Weibull distribution law satisfactorily. Influence of gap and electrode material on dielectric strength of triggered vacuum switches is considered.
{"title":"Influence of switching regimes on dielectric strength of high current triggered vacuum switches","authors":"V. Sidorov, N. I. Korobova","doi":"10.1109/PPC.1999.823752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.1999.823752","url":null,"abstract":"Switching conditions influence on dielectric strength of internal insulation of high-current triggered vacuum switches with trapezoidal-rod electrode system is investigated. Investigations were carried out for two switching regimes. In the first regime electrode erosion occurs mainly in a vapor phase where the electrode surface remains smooth after switching. In the other switching regime a drop phase of electrode erosion prevails and considerable electrode surface damage takes place. It follows from statistical processing of experimental data that the breakdown voltage distribution is described with a Weibull distribution law satisfactorily. Influence of gap and electrode material on dielectric strength of triggered vacuum switches is considered.","PeriodicalId":11209,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. 12th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference. (Cat. No.99CH36358)","volume":"56 1","pages":"1254-1259 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84145759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Collective impact ionization has been used to explain lock-on in semi-insulating GaAs under high-voltage bias. The authors have used this theory to study some of the steady state properties of lock-on current filaments. In the steady state, the heat gained from the field is exactly compensated by the cooling due to phonon scattering. In the simplest approximation, the carrier distribution approaches a quasi-equilibrium Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. In this report, the authors examine the validity of this approximation. They find that this approximation leads to a filament carrier density which is much lower than the high density needed to achieve a quasi-equilibrium distribution. Further work on this subject is in progress.
{"title":"Steady state properties of lock-on current filaments in GaAs [pulsed power switches]","authors":"K. Kambour, S. Kang, C. Myles, H. Hjalmarson","doi":"10.1109/PPC.1999.823633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.1999.823633","url":null,"abstract":"Collective impact ionization has been used to explain lock-on in semi-insulating GaAs under high-voltage bias. The authors have used this theory to study some of the steady state properties of lock-on current filaments. In the steady state, the heat gained from the field is exactly compensated by the cooling due to phonon scattering. In the simplest approximation, the carrier distribution approaches a quasi-equilibrium Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. In this report, the authors examine the validity of this approximation. They find that this approximation leads to a filament carrier density which is much lower than the high density needed to achieve a quasi-equilibrium distribution. Further work on this subject is in progress.","PeriodicalId":11209,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. 12th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference. (Cat. No.99CH36358)","volume":"21 1","pages":"791-794 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84163157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prediction of the performance of intense electromagnetic transient, gaseous breakdown depends on various parameters used for the description of the gaseous media. Of these parameters, some describe the impact ionization cross section for stable atoms and molecules, and are specific for each species. These parameters are: the first ionization energy, E/sub i/, a scaling parameter which characterizes the collision cross section per electron volt of the species, and a parameter which represents the incident electron energy at which the peak impact ionization cross section occurs. This paper discusses the effect that these parameters have upon electrical breakdown performance in an intense electromagnetic transient environment.
{"title":"The effect of variation of collisional gas parameters on theoretical electromagnetic transient breakdowns","authors":"D. Scholfield, J. Gahl, J. L. Borovina","doi":"10.1109/PPC.1999.823789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.1999.823789","url":null,"abstract":"Prediction of the performance of intense electromagnetic transient, gaseous breakdown depends on various parameters used for the description of the gaseous media. Of these parameters, some describe the impact ionization cross section for stable atoms and molecules, and are specific for each species. These parameters are: the first ionization energy, E/sub i/, a scaling parameter which characterizes the collision cross section per electron volt of the species, and a parameter which represents the incident electron energy at which the peak impact ionization cross section occurs. This paper discusses the effect that these parameters have upon electrical breakdown performance in an intense electromagnetic transient environment.","PeriodicalId":11209,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. 12th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference. (Cat. No.99CH36358)","volume":"12 1","pages":"1396-1399 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90442452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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