Reyhaneh Ghanbari, Kourosh Mojtahedi, F. Joukar, Saman Maroufizadeh, S. Hassanipour, M. Naghipour, S. Yeganeh, F. Mansour-Ghanaei
Background: Thyroid disorders, particularly hypothyroidism, can affect the movement of the digestive system. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between hypothyroidism and constipation. Methods: In this cross-sectional study that was conducted on the PERSIAN Guilan Cohort Study (PGCS), all individuals between the ages of 35 and 70 years, irrespective of gender, were included. The questionnaires were completed using dedicated online software that included demographic data, clinical characteristics, and nutritional information. Hypothyroidism was defined based on taking levothyroxine medicine as stated by the patient and diagnosis of chronic constipation was based on self-report. Individuals were divided into two groups based on their constipation status and compared with respect to the desired variables. The relationship between hypothyroidism and constipation was examined using logistic regression analysis. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Results: The prevalence of hypothyroidism and constipation were 5.1% and 4.4% respectively, and both were more common in women than in men. In unadjusted model, there was no significant association between hypothyroidism and constipation (OR=1.28, 95% CI: 0.88–1.87, P=0.201). Similar result was obtained in fully adjusted model (OR=1.03, 95% CI: 0.70–1.53, P=0.875). Conclusion: There was no significant association between hypothyroidism and constipation in this study. Since nutrition and the type of fruits and vegetables and the type of substances consumed have an effective role in eliminating constipation, we recommend that these items be considered in future studies.
{"title":"Association between hypothyroidism and constipation: A cross- sectional study from the PERSIAN Guilan cohort study","authors":"Reyhaneh Ghanbari, Kourosh Mojtahedi, F. Joukar, Saman Maroufizadeh, S. Hassanipour, M. Naghipour, S. Yeganeh, F. Mansour-Ghanaei","doi":"10.32598/cjhr.9.1.543.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/cjhr.9.1.543.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Thyroid disorders, particularly hypothyroidism, can affect the movement of the digestive system. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between hypothyroidism and constipation. Methods: In this cross-sectional study that was conducted on the PERSIAN Guilan Cohort Study (PGCS), all individuals between the ages of 35 and 70 years, irrespective of gender, were included. The questionnaires were completed using dedicated online software that included demographic data, clinical characteristics, and nutritional information. Hypothyroidism was defined based on taking levothyroxine medicine as stated by the patient and diagnosis of chronic constipation was based on self-report. Individuals were divided into two groups based on their constipation status and compared with respect to the desired variables. The relationship between hypothyroidism and constipation was examined using logistic regression analysis. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Results: The prevalence of hypothyroidism and constipation were 5.1% and 4.4% respectively, and both were more common in women than in men. In unadjusted model, there was no significant association between hypothyroidism and constipation (OR=1.28, 95% CI: 0.88–1.87, P=0.201). Similar result was obtained in fully adjusted model (OR=1.03, 95% CI: 0.70–1.53, P=0.875). Conclusion: There was no significant association between hypothyroidism and constipation in this study. Since nutrition and the type of fruits and vegetables and the type of substances consumed have an effective role in eliminating constipation, we recommend that these items be considered in future studies.","PeriodicalId":112656,"journal":{"name":"Caspian Journal of Health Research","volume":"100 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140524997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: People with HIV/AIDS face numerous challenges, including the effect of the disease on their personal relationships with family, friends, colleagues, and healthcare professionals. The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate social interactions among patients with HIV/AIDS. Materials & Methods: This qualitative content analysis study was conducted on 12 patients with HIV/AIDS referring to the Behavioral Disease Counseling Centers of Tehran and Rasht (Iran) in 2018. Semi-structured, face-to-face, and audio-recorded interviews were used to collect data. Purposive sampling with maximum variation was used to select participants. The duration of the interview was between 40 to 75 min. MAXQDA10 software was used for data organization and management, and conventional content analysis was used for data analysis. Results: From the analysis of interviews with 12 individuals with HIV/AIDS (7 men and 5 women), 51 codes were extracted in three categories: disease disclosure (disclosure to important people in life, disclosure to public and health services, and dealing with the challenges of disclosure), social support (impairment in interpersonal relationships and relationships with peers), and acceptance (social acceptance and acceptance by health care providers). Conclusion: Despite significant progress in HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, and education, the stigma caused by this disease remains high and has a negative impact on the interpersonal relationships of PLWHA with their families, relatives, friends, colleagues, and healthcare providers.
{"title":"Rejection, Current Suffering in the Lives of People with HIV/AIDS: A Qualitative Study in Iran","authors":"Mansoureh Ashghali Farahani, Armin Zareian, Maryam Khoshbakht-Pishkhani, Mehrnoosh Khoshtrash","doi":"10.32598/cjhr.9.1.483.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/cjhr.9.1.483.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: People with HIV/AIDS face numerous challenges, including the effect of the disease on their personal relationships with family, friends, colleagues, and healthcare professionals. The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate social interactions among patients with HIV/AIDS. Materials & Methods: This qualitative content analysis study was conducted on 12 patients with HIV/AIDS referring to the Behavioral Disease Counseling Centers of Tehran and Rasht (Iran) in 2018. Semi-structured, face-to-face, and audio-recorded interviews were used to collect data. Purposive sampling with maximum variation was used to select participants. The duration of the interview was between 40 to 75 min. MAXQDA10 software was used for data organization and management, and conventional content analysis was used for data analysis. Results: From the analysis of interviews with 12 individuals with HIV/AIDS (7 men and 5 women), 51 codes were extracted in three categories: disease disclosure (disclosure to important people in life, disclosure to public and health services, and dealing with the challenges of disclosure), social support (impairment in interpersonal relationships and relationships with peers), and acceptance (social acceptance and acceptance by health care providers). Conclusion: Despite significant progress in HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, and education, the stigma caused by this disease remains high and has a negative impact on the interpersonal relationships of PLWHA with their families, relatives, friends, colleagues, and healthcare providers.","PeriodicalId":112656,"journal":{"name":"Caspian Journal of Health Research","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140520904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tayebeh Ramaji, S. Pakseresht, F. Joukar, Parvaneh Reza Soltani, Zahra Atrkar Roshan, F. Mansour-Ghanaei
Background: Vitamin D is a basic nutrient and plays a very crucial role in preventing various diseases, so it is known as an indicator of health and survival. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the serum level of vitamin D in women receiving vitamin supplementation in Persian Guilan cohort study (PGCS). Methods: In this analytic cross-sectional study that was conducted on PERSIAN Guilan cohort, 614 subjects from 5633 women aged 35 to 70 years old who were taking vitamin D supplements were selected through census method. Required data were collected in two sections of demographic and social characteristics and serum measurement 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 at three levels of deficient (<10), insufficient (10-20) and sufficient (>20 ng/ml). Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of people was 50.3±8.7 years, of which 5.2 % of the subjects had vitamin D deficiency, 29.5% had insufficient serum level and 65.4% subjects with sufficient serum levels. Based on the results, there was a significant relationship between employment status, place of residence and housing area with vitamin D level (P<0.05), and non-employed persons (P=0.044), living in the city (P=0.002) and a residential house with a higher area (P=0.014) had higher levels of vitamin D. There was no significant association between serum vitamin D levels with age, body mass index, marital status, alcohol consumption, level of education and how to take vitamin D supplementation. Conclusion: In the present study, about one third of vitamin consumers did not have a sufficient serum level despite taking the supplement, so it is expected that the country's health system, health officials, and policymakers pay attention to the education program of optimum consumption as well as appropriate prescription of vitamin D supplement.
背景：维生素 D 是一种基本营养素，在预防各种疾病方面发挥着非常关键的作用，因此被称为健康和生存的指标。研究目的本研究旨在确定波斯吉兰队列研究（PGCS）中接受维生素补充的妇女的血清维生素 D 水平。研究方法在这项以 PERSIAN Guilan 队列为对象的横断面分析研究中，通过普查方法从 5633 名年龄在 35 岁至 70 岁之间、服用维生素 D 补充剂的女性中选出了 614 名受试者。所需的数据收集分为两部分，即人口统计学特征和社会特征，以及三种缺乏程度（20 纳克/毫升）的 25-羟基维生素 D3 血清测量值。数据分析采用描述性和推论性统计方法。P<0.05为具有统计学意义。结果受试者的平均年龄为（50.3±8.7）岁，其中 5.2% 的受试者存在维生素 D 缺乏症，29.5% 的受试者血清维生素 D 水平不足，65.4% 的受试者血清维生素 D 水平充足。结果显示，就业状况、居住地和住房面积与维生素 D 水平有显著关系（P<0.05），非就业人员（P=0.044）、居住在城市（P=0.002）和住房面积较大的居民（P=0.014）的维生素 D 水平较高。结论在本研究中，约有三分之一的维生素消费者尽管服用了补充剂，但血清中的维生素 D 水平并不充足，因此希望国家的卫生系统、卫生官员和政策制定者重视最佳摄入量的教育计划以及维生素 D 补充剂的适当处方。
{"title":"Determination of vitamin D serum levels in women receiving vitamin supplementation: The PERSIAN Guilan Cohort Study","authors":"Tayebeh Ramaji, S. Pakseresht, F. Joukar, Parvaneh Reza Soltani, Zahra Atrkar Roshan, F. Mansour-Ghanaei","doi":"10.32598/cjhr.9.1.543.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/cjhr.9.1.543.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vitamin D is a basic nutrient and plays a very crucial role in preventing various diseases, so it is known as an indicator of health and survival. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the serum level of vitamin D in women receiving vitamin supplementation in Persian Guilan cohort study (PGCS). Methods: In this analytic cross-sectional study that was conducted on PERSIAN Guilan cohort, 614 subjects from 5633 women aged 35 to 70 years old who were taking vitamin D supplements were selected through census method. Required data were collected in two sections of demographic and social characteristics and serum measurement 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 at three levels of deficient (<10), insufficient (10-20) and sufficient (>20 ng/ml). Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of people was 50.3±8.7 years, of which 5.2 % of the subjects had vitamin D deficiency, 29.5% had insufficient serum level and 65.4% subjects with sufficient serum levels. Based on the results, there was a significant relationship between employment status, place of residence and housing area with vitamin D level (P<0.05), and non-employed persons (P=0.044), living in the city (P=0.002) and a residential house with a higher area (P=0.014) had higher levels of vitamin D. There was no significant association between serum vitamin D levels with age, body mass index, marital status, alcohol consumption, level of education and how to take vitamin D supplementation. Conclusion: In the present study, about one third of vitamin consumers did not have a sufficient serum level despite taking the supplement, so it is expected that the country's health system, health officials, and policymakers pay attention to the education program of optimum consumption as well as appropriate prescription of vitamin D supplement.","PeriodicalId":112656,"journal":{"name":"Caspian Journal of Health Research","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140526620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32598/cjhr.9.1.1107.1
Hassan Nasirian
Dengue fever virus is a mosquito-borne virus that poses a significant public health threat worldwide. Dengue virus is primarily transmitted by the Aedes mosquitoes, which develop in small man-made containers in urban environments. Climate change and urbanization have contributed to the spread of the Aedes mosquitoes, increasing the risk of dengue virus transmission in densely populated areas. Increasing the transmission of virus by Aedes mosquitoes increases the dengue infection. Additionally, factors such as poor sanitation, low community immunity levels, inadequate waste management and a lack of access to healthcare can also impact the establishment and spread of dengue fever. Globalization, international travel and tourism can introduce the virus to new regions and contribute to its establishment. These factors create ideal conditions for the Aedes mosquitoes to develop and for the dengue virus to establish and spread, posing a significant public health challenge.
{"title":"The introduction and establishment of dengue disease in a new area: a mini review","authors":"Hassan Nasirian","doi":"10.32598/cjhr.9.1.1107.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/cjhr.9.1.1107.1","url":null,"abstract":"Dengue fever virus is a mosquito-borne virus that poses a significant public health threat worldwide. Dengue virus is primarily transmitted by the Aedes mosquitoes, which develop in small man-made containers in urban environments. Climate change and urbanization have contributed to the spread of the Aedes mosquitoes, increasing the risk of dengue virus transmission in densely populated areas. Increasing the transmission of virus by Aedes mosquitoes increases the dengue infection. Additionally, factors such as poor sanitation, low community immunity levels, inadequate waste management and a lack of access to healthcare can also impact the establishment and spread of dengue fever. Globalization, international travel and tourism can introduce the virus to new regions and contribute to its establishment. These factors create ideal conditions for the Aedes mosquitoes to develop and for the dengue virus to establish and spread, posing a significant public health challenge.","PeriodicalId":112656,"journal":{"name":"Caspian Journal of Health Research","volume":"68 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140525451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mehrdad Shahraki, A. Khazaei, Sadra Amirpour Haradasht
Patients with maxillofacial problems face a higher risk of developing oral health issues, which can worsen their existing condition and overall health. Therefore, providing tailored oral health education is essential to help these patients overcome challenges and maintain good oral hygiene. Educating patients about the connection between oral health and systemic conditions like cardiovascular disease and diabetes can motivate them to prioritize their oral hygiene and prevent potential complications. Customizing educational programs to individual needs and offering practical advice, including brushing techniques and recommended products, can help patients with maxillofacial problems overcome challenges in maintaining good oral hygiene. By improving oral health education, patients with maxillofacial problems can experience reduced risk of oral health complications, improved overall health, enhanced quality of life, and empowerment in managing their oral health. Enhancing oral health education for patients with maxillofacial problems can lead to better oral health outcomes, improved overall health, increased comfort, and a higher quality of life. Specialized educational programs, tailored resources, and effective communication between healthcare providers and patients are crucial in achieving these positive outcomes.
{"title":"How we can improve oral health education in patients with maxillofacial problems?","authors":"Mehrdad Shahraki, A. Khazaei, Sadra Amirpour Haradasht","doi":"10.32598/cjhr.9.1.763.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/cjhr.9.1.763.1","url":null,"abstract":"Patients with maxillofacial problems face a higher risk of developing oral health issues, which can worsen their existing condition and overall health. Therefore, providing tailored oral health education is essential to help these patients overcome challenges and maintain good oral hygiene. Educating patients about the connection between oral health and systemic conditions like cardiovascular disease and diabetes can motivate them to prioritize their oral hygiene and prevent potential complications. Customizing educational programs to individual needs and offering practical advice, including brushing techniques and recommended products, can help patients with maxillofacial problems overcome challenges in maintaining good oral hygiene. By improving oral health education, patients with maxillofacial problems can experience reduced risk of oral health complications, improved overall health, enhanced quality of life, and empowerment in managing their oral health. Enhancing oral health education for patients with maxillofacial problems can lead to better oral health outcomes, improved overall health, increased comfort, and a higher quality of life. Specialized educational programs, tailored resources, and effective communication between healthcare providers and patients are crucial in achieving these positive outcomes.","PeriodicalId":112656,"journal":{"name":"Caspian Journal of Health Research","volume":"6 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140519182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32598/cjhr.9.1.1078.1
Fatemeh Rabipour, Seyed Davood Hosseininasab, A. Salari
Background: Hypertension one of the main risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and premature death worldwide. Researches indicate different cognitive activities and executive functions in cardiovascular and hypertension patients compared to non-afflicted people. Objectives: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on executive functions in patients with hypertension. Materials & Methods: The present study was a randomized clinical trial based on the pre-test, post-test, follow-up design. The statistical population consisted of all the people with hypertension who referred to Heshmat Heart Hospital in Rasht city, Iran, in 2021. Thirty-four qualified volunteers were included in the study by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups of MBSR and control. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (computer version) were the instrument employed in this research; and MBSR sessions were held for 2 months (8 sessions, one 120-minute session each week). The research data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test. Results: In the pre-test design, there wasn't a difference in the completed categories and perseverative errors, between the MBSR group (2±0.485 and 30.06±6.60) and the control group (2.06±0.659 and 29.88±9.4. In the post-test design, a significant difference in the completed categories and perseverative errors was found between the MBSR group (3.29±0.848 and 20.94±5.71) and the control group (2.18±0.636 and 29.94±8.70); which implies the MBSR group outperformed the control group in Improving executive functions of patients with hypertension. Finally, at the follow-up, all changes were still stable. Conclusions: MBSR was effective on executive functions of patients with hypertension. Therefore, it is suggested that the mentioned intervention be used in medical centres to improve the cognitive activities of patients with hypertension, so that its positive results include the condition of these patients.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Executive Functions in Patients with Hypertension: A Randomized Clinical Trial","authors":"Fatemeh Rabipour, Seyed Davood Hosseininasab, A. Salari","doi":"10.32598/cjhr.9.1.1078.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/cjhr.9.1.1078.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hypertension one of the main risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and premature death worldwide. Researches indicate different cognitive activities and executive functions in cardiovascular and hypertension patients compared to non-afflicted people. Objectives: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on executive functions in patients with hypertension. Materials & Methods: The present study was a randomized clinical trial based on the pre-test, post-test, follow-up design. The statistical population consisted of all the people with hypertension who referred to Heshmat Heart Hospital in Rasht city, Iran, in 2021. Thirty-four qualified volunteers were included in the study by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups of MBSR and control. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (computer version) were the instrument employed in this research; and MBSR sessions were held for 2 months (8 sessions, one 120-minute session each week). The research data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test. Results: In the pre-test design, there wasn't a difference in the completed categories and perseverative errors, between the MBSR group (2±0.485 and 30.06±6.60) and the control group (2.06±0.659 and 29.88±9.4. In the post-test design, a significant difference in the completed categories and perseverative errors was found between the MBSR group (3.29±0.848 and 20.94±5.71) and the control group (2.18±0.636 and 29.94±8.70); which implies the MBSR group outperformed the control group in Improving executive functions of patients with hypertension. Finally, at the follow-up, all changes were still stable. Conclusions: MBSR was effective on executive functions of patients with hypertension. Therefore, it is suggested that the mentioned intervention be used in medical centres to improve the cognitive activities of patients with hypertension, so that its positive results include the condition of these patients.","PeriodicalId":112656,"journal":{"name":"Caspian Journal of Health Research","volume":"26 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140526289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: People with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) may experience adverse consequences due to difficulty understanding and interacting with others. Objectives: This study was conducted to compare the theory of mind, emotion recognition, and social cognition in teenagers with GAD and healthy controls. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 60 patients with GAD and 60 sample of teenagers without GAD in Tehran, during 2022-2023. The GAD was diagnosed based on DSM-IV_TR criteria. The data collection tools included theory of mind scale (TOM), social cognition questionnaire and Ekman 60-Faces Test (EK-60F). One-way analysis of variance and post hoc test were performed to analyze the data using SPSS version 27 with a two-tailed 5% level of significance. Results: The results observed significant differences in the mean values of all variables in four groups of females with and without generalized anxiety disorder, and males with and without generalized anxiety disorder. Comparing the means of study groups, it can be observed that females have higher mean values for their study variables compared to males (P<0.05). Conclusion: The findings indicated that teenagers with generalized anxiety disorder were more prone to experiencing difficulties in theory of mind, emotional perception, and social cognition, particularly among females, compared to their counterparts without the disorder. During adolescence, it is vital to possess the skills of emotional management and the absence of anxiety to establish relationships, nurture meaningful friendships, and actively participate in social interactions.
{"title":"Theory of Mind, Emotion Recognition and Social Cognition in Adolescents with Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Healthy Controls","authors":"Foruzan Razmjooei, Mahdieh Gholizadeh, Tookktam Barati hokmabadi, Mehrangiz Pashapour Badr, Masumeh Javidi","doi":"10.32598/cjhr.9.1.542.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/cjhr.9.1.542.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: People with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) may experience adverse consequences due to difficulty understanding and interacting with others. Objectives: This study was conducted to compare the theory of mind, emotion recognition, and social cognition in teenagers with GAD and healthy controls. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 60 patients with GAD and 60 sample of teenagers without GAD in Tehran, during 2022-2023. The GAD was diagnosed based on DSM-IV_TR criteria. The data collection tools included theory of mind scale (TOM), social cognition questionnaire and Ekman 60-Faces Test (EK-60F). One-way analysis of variance and post hoc test were performed to analyze the data using SPSS version 27 with a two-tailed 5% level of significance. Results: The results observed significant differences in the mean values of all variables in four groups of females with and without generalized anxiety disorder, and males with and without generalized anxiety disorder. Comparing the means of study groups, it can be observed that females have higher mean values for their study variables compared to males (P<0.05). Conclusion: The findings indicated that teenagers with generalized anxiety disorder were more prone to experiencing difficulties in theory of mind, emotional perception, and social cognition, particularly among females, compared to their counterparts without the disorder. During adolescence, it is vital to possess the skills of emotional management and the absence of anxiety to establish relationships, nurture meaningful friendships, and actively participate in social interactions.","PeriodicalId":112656,"journal":{"name":"Caspian Journal of Health Research","volume":"104 1-2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140523534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pouria Yazdizadeh, F. Hafezi, P. Ehteshamzadeh, A. Heidari, Zahra Eftekhar Saadi
Background: The ability to experience and express emotions is considered a key factor in mental health, and difficulty in effective emotion regulation is a major symptom of many psychiatric disorders. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the role of reality therapy on emotion regulation difficulty and academic self-handicapping in high school students. Materials & Methods: This quasi-experimental research adopted a pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population included all male high school students of Ahvaz in 2021, 30 of whom were selected through cluster random sampling and were then randomly assigned to an experimental group and a control group (15 participants per group). For the pretest, participants from both groups completed the Self-Handicapping Scale and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. The 10-session reality therapy intervention was then implemented in the experimental group, whereas the control group received no intervention. At the end of therapy sessions, the posttest was given to participants in both groups. Data analysis was performed using Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results: The adjusted posttest mean score of difficulty in emotion regulation among intervention and control groups were 77.5 (95%CI: 75.1-79.9) and 113.35 (95%CI: 110.9-115.7), respectively. The values for academic self-handicapping in the intervention and control groups were 75.1 (95%CI: 72.8-78.4) and 97.3 (95%CI: 92.4-99), respectively. According to the result of ANCOVA, reality therapy had significant effects on academic self-handicapping (F=87.79, P=0.001, η2=0.78) and emotion regulation difficulty (F=461.15, P=0.001, η2=0.95) among students. Conclusions: Reality therapy mitigated academic self-handicapping and difficulties in emotion regulation among male high school students. It is recommended that schools help students improve emotion regulation and control self-handicapping by providing appropriate conditions for implementing reality therapy sessions.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Reality Therapy on Emotion Regulation Difficulty and Academic Self-Handicapping of Students: A Pilot Study","authors":"Pouria Yazdizadeh, F. Hafezi, P. Ehteshamzadeh, A. Heidari, Zahra Eftekhar Saadi","doi":"10.32598/cjhr.8.3.446.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/cjhr.8.3.446.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The ability to experience and express emotions is considered a key factor in mental health, and difficulty in effective emotion regulation is a major symptom of many psychiatric disorders. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the role of reality therapy on emotion regulation difficulty and academic self-handicapping in high school students. Materials & Methods: This quasi-experimental research adopted a pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population included all male high school students of Ahvaz in 2021, 30 of whom were selected through cluster random sampling and were then randomly assigned to an experimental group and a control group (15 participants per group). For the pretest, participants from both groups completed the Self-Handicapping Scale and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. The 10-session reality therapy intervention was then implemented in the experimental group, whereas the control group received no intervention. At the end of therapy sessions, the posttest was given to participants in both groups. Data analysis was performed using Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results: The adjusted posttest mean score of difficulty in emotion regulation among intervention and control groups were 77.5 (95%CI: 75.1-79.9) and 113.35 (95%CI: 110.9-115.7), respectively. The values for academic self-handicapping in the intervention and control groups were 75.1 (95%CI: 72.8-78.4) and 97.3 (95%CI: 92.4-99), respectively. According to the result of ANCOVA, reality therapy had significant effects on academic self-handicapping (F=87.79, P=0.001, η2=0.78) and emotion regulation difficulty (F=461.15, P=0.001, η2=0.95) among students. Conclusions: Reality therapy mitigated academic self-handicapping and difficulties in emotion regulation among male high school students. It is recommended that schools help students improve emotion regulation and control self-handicapping by providing appropriate conditions for implementing reality therapy sessions.","PeriodicalId":112656,"journal":{"name":"Caspian Journal of Health Research","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114287538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Tuberculosis remains a major public health problem worldwide. Direct Ziehl Nelseen (ZN) is the conventional Laboratory method for diagnosis of TB. However, there are higher chances of missing TB positive cases due to insufficient sensitivity. This would eventually lead to TB transmission and hence mortality. Objective: To determine sensitivity and specificity of ZN diagnostic technique on concentrated and unconcentrated sputum samples as well as to assess how clinical, socio-demographic, and sample variables affect concentrated sputum ZN positivity. Method and Materials: This cross-sectional investigation was carried out in Mulago Hospital, covering adult TB presumptive patients. Sputum samples from 114 patients were collected and processed by both NaOCl concentration and direct ZN diagnostic techniques. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated and tabulated. Prediction of ZN positivity was assessed using Logistic regression analysis. Results: Out of the total 114 samples, 82 (71.9%) were positive by GeneXpert test (the gold standard), whereas by NaOCl concentration method 79 samples (69.3%) were found positive but with direct ZN method 65 samples (57.0%) were found positive, thus an increase of 14 samples (12.3%) in positivity was noted when used NaOCl concentration method which is highly significant with ρ<0.05 (χ2 =95.38). NaOCl concentration method got a higher sensitivity than direct sputum smear with 97.5% and 80.2% respectively. The specificities were almost the same with NaOCl method 93.9% and direct sputum smear with 90.9%. NaOCl concentration method had a PPV of 0.98 and NPV of 0.94 while direct sputum smear had PPV of 0.95 and NPV of 0.65. Conclusion: NaOCl concentration method was found to be more sensitive than direct ZN though the specificity was almost the same. Clinical, socio-demographic and sample factors’ effect on ZN positivity was not statistically significant (ρ value=0.796). NaOCl concentration method should be adopted for effective diagnosis of pulmonary TB.
{"title":"Sodium Hypochlorite Diagnostic Performance compared to Ziehl-Nelseen method among Presumptive Tuberculosis Patients in Uganda","authors":"Laban Habokwesiga, N. Lubowa","doi":"10.32598/cjhr.8.3.487.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/cjhr.8.3.487.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tuberculosis remains a major public health problem worldwide. Direct Ziehl Nelseen (ZN) is the conventional Laboratory method for diagnosis of TB. However, there are higher chances of missing TB positive cases due to insufficient sensitivity. This would eventually lead to TB transmission and hence mortality. Objective: To determine sensitivity and specificity of ZN diagnostic technique on concentrated and unconcentrated sputum samples as well as to assess how clinical, socio-demographic, and sample variables affect concentrated sputum ZN positivity. Method and Materials: This cross-sectional investigation was carried out in Mulago Hospital, covering adult TB presumptive patients. Sputum samples from 114 patients were collected and processed by both NaOCl concentration and direct ZN diagnostic techniques. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated and tabulated. Prediction of ZN positivity was assessed using Logistic regression analysis. Results: Out of the total 114 samples, 82 (71.9%) were positive by GeneXpert test (the gold standard), whereas by NaOCl concentration method 79 samples (69.3%) were found positive but with direct ZN method 65 samples (57.0%) were found positive, thus an increase of 14 samples (12.3%) in positivity was noted when used NaOCl concentration method which is highly significant with ρ<0.05 (χ2 =95.38). NaOCl concentration method got a higher sensitivity than direct sputum smear with 97.5% and 80.2% respectively. The specificities were almost the same with NaOCl method 93.9% and direct sputum smear with 90.9%. NaOCl concentration method had a PPV of 0.98 and NPV of 0.94 while direct sputum smear had PPV of 0.95 and NPV of 0.65. Conclusion: NaOCl concentration method was found to be more sensitive than direct ZN though the specificity was almost the same. Clinical, socio-demographic and sample factors’ effect on ZN positivity was not statistically significant (ρ value=0.796). NaOCl concentration method should be adopted for effective diagnosis of pulmonary TB.","PeriodicalId":112656,"journal":{"name":"Caspian Journal of Health Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122185281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sajad Sohrabijam, R. Amani, M. Farhadi, Tahereh Haghtalab
Background: Occupational burnout is one of the factors that can significantly decline the performance of nurses, and can be influenced by various factors. Objectives: The present study seeks to model occupational burnout based on job stress with the mediation of psychological capital and coping strategies used by nurses. Materials & Methods: The present correlational article falls into the category of descriptive-crosssectional studies. The population of the study includes all nurses working in public hospitals of Kermanshah province. A total of 404 nurses selected through random cluster sampling participated in the study. Demographic Information Questionnaire, Nursing Stress Scale, Maslach Burnout inventory, The Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations and psychological capital questionnaire were used for data collection purposes. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 24 and Amos software, version 24. Results: The results showed that the proposed model had an acceptable goodness of fit (χ2/df=3.05, GFI=0.90, CFI=0.93, RMSEA=0.07). The results suggest that occupational stress with the mediating role of problem -focused coping (β=0.028, P=0.001), emotion-focused coping (β=0.069, P=0.001), avoidant-oriented coping (β=0.046, P=0.001) and psychological capital (β=0.144, P=0.001) can indirectly affect nurses’ occupational burnout. Conclusion: Job stress affects nurses’ burnout directly as well as through the mediation of problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, avoidant-oriented coping and psychological capital. Accordingly, authorities are advised to organize training courses to improve coping strategies and psychological capital of nurses and thereby mitigate the effect of occupational stress.
{"title":"Modeling Occupational Burnout Based on Job Stress With the Mediating Role of Psychological Capital and Coping Strategies Among Nurses","authors":"Sajad Sohrabijam, R. Amani, M. Farhadi, Tahereh Haghtalab","doi":"10.32598/cjhr.8.3.494.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/cjhr.8.3.494.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Occupational burnout is one of the factors that can significantly decline the performance of nurses, and can be influenced by various factors. Objectives: The present study seeks to model occupational burnout based on job stress with the mediation of psychological capital and coping strategies used by nurses. Materials & Methods: The present correlational article falls into the category of descriptive-crosssectional studies. The population of the study includes all nurses working in public hospitals of Kermanshah province. A total of 404 nurses selected through random cluster sampling participated in the study. Demographic Information Questionnaire, Nursing Stress Scale, Maslach Burnout inventory, The Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations and psychological capital questionnaire were used for data collection purposes. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 24 and Amos software, version 24. Results: The results showed that the proposed model had an acceptable goodness of fit (χ2/df=3.05, GFI=0.90, CFI=0.93, RMSEA=0.07). The results suggest that occupational stress with the mediating role of problem -focused coping (β=0.028, P=0.001), emotion-focused coping (β=0.069, P=0.001), avoidant-oriented coping (β=0.046, P=0.001) and psychological capital (β=0.144, P=0.001) can indirectly affect nurses’ occupational burnout. Conclusion: Job stress affects nurses’ burnout directly as well as through the mediation of problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, avoidant-oriented coping and psychological capital. Accordingly, authorities are advised to organize training courses to improve coping strategies and psychological capital of nurses and thereby mitigate the effect of occupational stress.","PeriodicalId":112656,"journal":{"name":"Caspian Journal of Health Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124488644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：