Die Nahrung最新文献

After application of Flordimex to soft and stone fruit for fruit abscission and acceleration of ripening obvious Ethephon residues have been found. Therefore, the dose rate has to be restricted to keep the maximum residue limit. The same is true for the use of Flordimex for fruit abscission in apples, whereas for yield regulation residues are far below 0.05 mg/kg in apples. A typical feature of the active ingredient is the large quantity of its residues in juice and wine, which is as high as Ethephon concentration in fruits or even higher. Finally, Ethephon is demonstrated to enter the pulp of bananas, mandarin, grapefruit and mango as a result of treating harvested tropical fruit. The residue situation after treatment of pineapple, sweet pepper and coffee is discussed.

The evolution of man is connected with a life-style of hunting and gathering, and with the development and use of tools. The success of tools promoted the evolution of brain, thinking and skills. The food sources--animal and plant--remained the same during the whole of evolution. But the proportions of foods, preferences, preparations and the attainability changed. Evolution was a process continuously based on omnivorous nutrition. Compared to modern nutrition, paleolithic nutrition is richer in animal protein, vitamins, calcium, potassium and fibre, and poorer in fat and sodium. Saccharose, lactose and alcohol play no roles. The quality of the fat is marked by a high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids. This shift from a paleolithic diet to a modern diet caused nutritional risks, partly responsible for the dramatic increase in modern chronic diseases of heart, circulation and so on. Man's metabolism works in a stable genetic frame, derived during phylogenesis. We have to adapt our nutritional behaviour to its tolerances or we may succumb to disease and premature death. While our paleolithic metabolism is overdone with modern nutrition, our psychological heritages press in the direction of overdoing.

The effect of cadmium on the urinary excretion of glucose, creatinine and enzymes has been studied in adult male and female rats given the substance (70, 140 and 280 mg/kg food) for 4 weeks. Renal function tests and gel electrophoresis of urinary proteins were conducted simultaneously. Sex-dependent differences were demonstrated with regard to sensitivity of several kidney parameters and their predictive character of a possible chronic nephrotoxicity. These results were compared with hematological and general biological examinations of cadmium toxicity.

A method for measuring 25-OH D3-vitamin (calcidiol) in plasma samples of cattle is described. The samples were purified using non-polar C 18-cartridges and 25-OH D3 was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a silicic acid straight phase liquid chromatography column (retention time 11.5 min). The detection limit for 25-OH D3 is about 0.5 ng injection quantity, the average recovery was 90%, the standard error amounted to 8%.

Twenty samples of Erzincan (Savak) Tulum cheese were investigated for the microbiological quality and some chemical analyses. Cheese was characterized by moisture content means = 45.0%; 3.27% sodium chloride and 2.14% acidity. Significant variation was found in the major compositional factors indicating a general lack of quality and/or extreme diversity of the manufacturing conditions. Microbiological test revealed the presence of very high count of total coliforms, psychrotrophic bacteria, yeasts and moulds, high numbers of Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium perfringens but no salmonellas. Statistical relationship between growth and counts, and the presence of other indicators, pathogens, and compositional factors was investigated.

100 apparently healthy female nursing students (aged 20-30 years) were studied. A 24 hours dietary recall was recorded. Additionally a questionnaire was elaborated to collect dietary parameters for 3 days. From the mean daily food intake the energy, protein and iron intake was calculated. A series of anthropometric measurements, i.e. body weight, body height and skinfold thickness (triceps, breast, scapula, abdomen) were used to determine total body fat, lean body mass, optimum weight, and relation weight. The mean total body fat of the 100 subjects was (21.3 +/- 5.1) % and (12.7 +/- 4.4) kg, respectively, the optimum weight (56.6 +/- 6.3) kg and the mean relative weight (101 +/- 12.4) %. 11% of the 100 subjects studied was underweight, 73% showed normal weight, 10% was overweight and 6% obese. All the age groups met their energy and protein requirements as well as the iron intake.

The influence of early postnatal overnutrition on fatty acid composition of erythrocyte, thrombocyte and liver mitochondria membrane lipids was studied in male rats (3, 6 and 11 months old) reared in small nests (2 pups per dam) in comparison to normally bred rats (12 pups per dam). Independent of age elevated proportions of palmitic and stearic acid at the expense of linoleic and arachidonic acid were found in all membrane lipids investigated in the postnatally overfed animals. These changes are discussed in relation to the enhanced lipogenesis with increased body fat accumulation in this animal model of a dietary induced obesity.