Chronic Urinary Retention is defined as a condition of the urinary bladder in which the residual urine after a normal void exceeds 300ml. High-Pressure Chronic Retention (HPCR) differs from chronic urinary retention with four characteristics as follows, late-onset anuresis, a tense painless palpable bladder, hypertension, and bilateral hydronephrosis with hydroureter which leads to uraemia and death (Goonawardena & Sivapriyan, 2004). A 79-year-old socially active lady has been diagnosed with type II diabetes mellitus, presented with frequency, urinary incontinence, dribbling, and urgency for three years reluctant to seek proper medical assistance by rationalizing her thoughts that this condition was normal with her advanced age. As nurses, it is important to initiate care systematically: addressing the informationseeking behaviour of clients with permanent urinary catheters, encourage them to express their feeling and concerns on this condition, provision of necessary knowledge on the management, care, and long-term follow up on permanent catheterization of patients with HPCR and family. This would relieve patients’ anxiety, and dissatisfaction, and leads to enhance patients’ quality of life during their advanced age. Further, evidence and updated clinical nursing guidelines are needed on long-term care and follow-up for this unique clinical entity of elderly women. Keywords: Elderly female, High-Pressure Chronic Retention, permanent urinary catheter
{"title":"Case Report: High-Pressure Chronic Retention (HPCR) of an Elderly Female and Ongoing Care following Permanent Urinary Catheter Placement","authors":"G. Wijayarathne, M. Kumarasinghe, C. Dasanayake","doi":"10.54389/cxxy6930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54389/cxxy6930","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic Urinary Retention is defined as a condition of the urinary bladder in which the residual urine after a normal void exceeds 300ml. High-Pressure Chronic Retention (HPCR) differs from chronic urinary retention with four characteristics as follows, late-onset anuresis, a tense painless palpable bladder, hypertension, and bilateral hydronephrosis with hydroureter which leads to uraemia and death (Goonawardena & Sivapriyan, 2004). A 79-year-old socially active lady has been diagnosed with type II diabetes mellitus, presented with frequency, urinary incontinence, dribbling, and urgency for three years reluctant to seek proper medical assistance by rationalizing her thoughts that this condition was normal with her advanced age. As nurses, it is important to initiate care systematically: addressing the informationseeking behaviour of clients with permanent urinary catheters, encourage them to express their feeling and concerns on this condition, provision of necessary knowledge on the management, care, and long-term follow up on permanent catheterization of patients with HPCR and family. This would relieve patients’ anxiety, and dissatisfaction, and leads to enhance patients’ quality of life during their advanced age. Further, evidence and updated clinical nursing guidelines are needed on long-term care and follow-up for this unique clinical entity of elderly women. Keywords: Elderly female, High-Pressure Chronic Retention, permanent urinary catheter","PeriodicalId":112882,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE SLIIT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCEMENTS IN SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES [SICASH]","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126996439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to understand the differences in the type of miscues among proficient, average and below average readers as text difficulty increases. It was hypothesised that the percentage of semantic and syntactic cues made by proficient in comparison to average and below average readers will increase as the text difficulty increases. The lack of available literature with regard to reading errors facilitated the designing of this study which could serve as a base to design remedial instruction and intervention tools. A quasi-experimental design was used to investigate this relationship. A sample of hundred and three students (N=103) were recorded while reading four levels of passages with increasing difficulty and miscues were analysed according to the three cueing system. The first level passage was a tested grade appropriate passage which was used to determine if the reader was proficient, average or below average based on their accuracy scores. Results revealed that there was no significant difference across the three cueing system and reading ability. However, it was observed that readers rely on the grapho phonics cueing system when encountered with a difficult word. The findings of this study can be used to design reading instruction and remedial systems. Keywords: Miscue; Grapho-phonics; Semantics; Syntactic
{"title":"The Effect of Text Difficulty on Types of Miscues among Proficient, Average and Below Average Readers","authors":"Van Gramberg, Dilhara Vithanage","doi":"10.54389/utmq5181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54389/utmq5181","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to understand the differences in the type of miscues among proficient, average and below average readers as text difficulty increases. It was hypothesised that the percentage of semantic and syntactic cues made by proficient in comparison to average and below average readers will increase as the text difficulty increases. The lack of available literature with regard to reading errors facilitated the designing of this study which could serve as a base to design remedial instruction and intervention tools. A quasi-experimental design was used to investigate this relationship. A sample of hundred and three students (N=103) were recorded while reading four levels of passages with increasing difficulty and miscues were analysed according to the three cueing system. The first level passage was a tested grade appropriate passage which was used to determine if the reader was proficient, average or below average based on their accuracy scores. Results revealed that there was no significant difference across the three cueing system and reading ability. However, it was observed that readers rely on the grapho phonics cueing system when encountered with a difficult word. The findings of this study can be used to design reading instruction and remedial systems. Keywords: Miscue; Grapho-phonics; Semantics; Syntactic","PeriodicalId":112882,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE SLIIT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCEMENTS IN SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES [SICASH]","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115342277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paddy is the most significant and highly valued crop in Sri Lanka. Paddy cultivation has been given top priority in the agriculture industry due to its strong links to food security and the socioeconomic development of the rural community. Paddy is the most significant commercial crop in the Galle district of the Low Country Wet Zone (LCWZ). However, the Galle district has a substantial amount of abandoned paddy land due to various circumstances. Abandoned paddy lands have an impact on paddy production, rural livelihood and food security in Sri Lanka. Therefore the objectives are to identify factors affecting paddy land abandonment and farmers' willingness to recultivate abandoned paddy lands in Pahalagamhaya Agrarian service division. One hundred paddy farmers with abandoned paddy lands were selected by purposive sampling while adopting a questionnaire survey method to perform multiple regression analysis and descriptive statistics. Frequent flood conditions, wild animal damage, poor drainage system, salinity and inadequate infrastructure facilities were identified as the factors that affect paddy land abandonment according to the results of multiple regression analysis. Descriptive statistics revealed that 69% of farmers are willing to re-cultivate abandoned paddy lands. The findings will aid the government and other responsible organizations in the effective management and control of the factors that cause paddy land abandonment in Bentota, Pahalagamhaya Agrarian service division. Reducing the number of abandoned paddy lands will help boost the food security in this area. Keywords: Multiple regression; paddy land abandonment; rice cultivation; willingness to re-cultivate
{"title":"Abandonment of paddy lands and its causal factors in Bentota Pahalagamhaya Agrarian service division, Sri Lanka","authors":"A.H Hansika, SR Amarasinghe, T. Sandamali","doi":"10.54389/licq2404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54389/licq2404","url":null,"abstract":"Paddy is the most significant and highly valued crop in Sri Lanka. Paddy cultivation has been given top priority in the agriculture industry due to its strong links to food security and the socioeconomic development of the rural community. Paddy is the most significant commercial crop in the Galle district of the Low Country Wet Zone (LCWZ). However, the Galle district has a substantial amount of abandoned paddy land due to various circumstances. Abandoned paddy lands have an impact on paddy production, rural livelihood and food security in Sri Lanka. Therefore the objectives are to identify factors affecting paddy land abandonment and farmers' willingness to recultivate abandoned paddy lands in Pahalagamhaya Agrarian service division. One hundred paddy farmers with abandoned paddy lands were selected by purposive sampling while adopting a questionnaire survey method to perform multiple regression analysis and descriptive statistics. Frequent flood conditions, wild animal damage, poor drainage system, salinity and inadequate infrastructure facilities were identified as the factors that affect paddy land abandonment according to the results of multiple regression analysis. Descriptive statistics revealed that 69% of farmers are willing to re-cultivate abandoned paddy lands. The findings will aid the government and other responsible organizations in the effective management and control of the factors that cause paddy land abandonment in Bentota, Pahalagamhaya Agrarian service division. Reducing the number of abandoned paddy lands will help boost the food security in this area. Keywords: Multiple regression; paddy land abandonment; rice cultivation; willingness to re-cultivate","PeriodicalId":112882,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE SLIIT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCEMENTS IN SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES [SICASH]","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122577206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the impact of positioning of ESL learners in learning English using first year undergraduates at University of Kelaniya. The Positioning Theory introduced by Davies and Harré (1990) provides the basis for the study. This study focuses on investigating how second language learners position themselves in framing the identities when interacting with their teacher and classmates, and the impact of using different seating arrangements (as a type of positioning) in providing language learning opportunities. Participants of this study were 2 lecturers of English and 35 first year undergraduates of Faculty of Humanities, University of Kelaniya. Data for the study were collected from a background information questionnaire, classroom observations, and a focus group interview respectively. The findings of the study showed that students positioned themselves in different ways and it was observed that a least number of students make use of the opportunities in the language classroom. Hence, this study provides insights on the effective use of positioning of students in language classroom specifically in which the role of positioning by the teacher should be diverse, interactive, motivating and learner friendly in the ESL classroom. Keywords: Positioning; ESL classroom; Undergraduates
{"title":"Students’ Positioning in the Classroom: A Case of Undergraduates Learning English as a Second Language in Sri Lanka","authors":"Kumari Ekanayake, P.A.C Dineeka","doi":"10.54389/icwk8220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54389/icwk8220","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the impact of positioning of ESL learners in learning English using first year undergraduates at University of Kelaniya. The Positioning Theory introduced by Davies and Harré (1990) provides the basis for the study. This study focuses on investigating how second language learners position themselves in framing the identities when interacting with their teacher and classmates, and the impact of using different seating arrangements (as a type of positioning) in providing language learning opportunities. Participants of this study were 2 lecturers of English and 35 first year undergraduates of Faculty of Humanities, University of Kelaniya. Data for the study were collected from a background information questionnaire, classroom observations, and a focus group interview respectively. The findings of the study showed that students positioned themselves in different ways and it was observed that a least number of students make use of the opportunities in the language classroom. Hence, this study provides insights on the effective use of positioning of students in language classroom specifically in which the role of positioning by the teacher should be diverse, interactive, motivating and learner friendly in the ESL classroom. Keywords: Positioning; ESL classroom; Undergraduates","PeriodicalId":112882,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE SLIIT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCEMENTS IN SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES [SICASH]","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124287700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mindfulness is an emotional well-being, relative freedom from anxiety and disabling symptoms, and a capacity to establish constructive relations and cope with ordinary demands and stress of life. Mental hygiene is to save man from complexes and inner conflicts and to prepare him for such a living in which his natural diseases and social beliefs are properly adjusted and he may develop the capacity of facing complex situations as well. Mental sickness and for their convenience, the science of Mindfulness and facilities for psychology and treatment have been developed. There is no significant difference between Prospective teachers Male and Female in their Mindfulness, with reference to the dimensions of Realistic perception, Autonomy, and Environmental mastery. Keywords: Health, Teachers, Mindfulness, and Prospective Teachers
{"title":"A Study on Mindfulness among the Prospective Teachers","authors":"M. Bhuvaneswari, A. .. Jayanthy","doi":"10.54389/wtcu7573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54389/wtcu7573","url":null,"abstract":"Mindfulness is an emotional well-being, relative freedom from anxiety and disabling symptoms, and a capacity to establish constructive relations and cope with ordinary demands and stress of life. Mental hygiene is to save man from complexes and inner conflicts and to prepare him for such a living in which his natural diseases and social beliefs are properly adjusted and he may develop the capacity of facing complex situations as well. Mental sickness and for their convenience, the science of Mindfulness and facilities for psychology and treatment have been developed. There is no significant difference between Prospective teachers Male and Female in their Mindfulness, with reference to the dimensions of Realistic perception, Autonomy, and Environmental mastery. Keywords: Health, Teachers, Mindfulness, and Prospective Teachers","PeriodicalId":112882,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE SLIIT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCEMENTS IN SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES [SICASH]","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134023439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mediation is a trending alternative dispute resolution mechanism despite some of its alleged shortcomings. One such is that the mediated outcome lacks enforceability, which is not the case in real life. Whereas various jurisdictions have expressly dealt with this alleged issue, in the absence of any explicit provision for the same, a mediation settlement agreement could also be enforced in a Court of law, by treating it as a regular contract. The presence of the highest form of autonomy in the mediation process makes its settlement agreement qualified at the outset to be considered as a contract. More pertinently, offer; acceptance; consideration; intention to create a legally binding relationship; legality and capacity as fundamental requisites of a legally enforceable contract is often seen to be present in a mediation settlement agreement, thus allowing it to be enforceable as a contract between the parties who have freely entered into such agreement to settle their dispute. It is therefore accurate to conclude that the unenforceability of a mediated outcome is a myth even where there is no specific provision to that effect. Keywords: Mediation, Mediated Settlement Agreements, Enforcement of Mediated Settlement Agreements, Contracts and settlement agreements
{"title":"Mediation and the Myth of Enforceability","authors":"W.M. D. R. Gunathilaka, Samurdhi Jayamaha","doi":"10.54389/xxxa6423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54389/xxxa6423","url":null,"abstract":"Mediation is a trending alternative dispute resolution mechanism despite some of its alleged shortcomings. One such is that the mediated outcome lacks enforceability, which is not the case in real life. Whereas various jurisdictions have expressly dealt with this alleged issue, in the absence of any explicit provision for the same, a mediation settlement agreement could also be enforced in a Court of law, by treating it as a regular contract. The presence of the highest form of autonomy in the mediation process makes its settlement agreement qualified at the outset to be considered as a contract. More pertinently, offer; acceptance; consideration; intention to create a legally binding relationship; legality and capacity as fundamental requisites of a legally enforceable contract is often seen to be present in a mediation settlement agreement, thus allowing it to be enforceable as a contract between the parties who have freely entered into such agreement to settle their dispute. It is therefore accurate to conclude that the unenforceability of a mediated outcome is a myth even where there is no specific provision to that effect. Keywords: Mediation, Mediated Settlement Agreements, Enforcement of Mediated Settlement Agreements, Contracts and settlement agreements","PeriodicalId":112882,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE SLIIT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCEMENTS IN SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES [SICASH]","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131173586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sadani Kulathunga, T. Perera, T. Perera, C. Udawattha
Urban farming (UF) is emerging in the urban areas of the modern world due to food scarcity in urban areas. Urban agriculture is enjoying a resurgence in popularity that began decades ago. It's now widely acknowledged and accepted as a means of gaining several environmental, economic, and social advantages. However, the cradle of urban farming is from our ancestral civilization. Hence, documenting different urban farming techniques used by our ancestors is very important. Consequently, this study is launched to study how our ancestors used urban farming to feed their ever-growing urban population. To structure the database, the UF-related words and keywords are divided into five categories. After that, using different keyword combinations for both ‘history’ and UF the online databases Scopus, ScienceDirect and ISI Web of Science (WoS) were searched. The samples presented here demonstrate the diversity of landscapes found in the Mayan Civilizations. Spatial variances in the underlying environment, various environmental changes, and civilizations' adaptability across time all contributed to this heterogeneity. Whether this civilization chose to focus on agriculture in wetlands or dry uplands, how they dealt with the annual problem of the dry season and water availability, and how diverse and nutritious soils were across the broader landscape all showcase the adaptive strategies used by the civilization to suit the different environmental conditions. Techniques like Raised bed farming in Mayan Civilization, are great examples of their adaptability to the climatic changes using creative solutions. All these civilizations flourished for centuries before their collapse. As a framework for addressing community cohesiveness and food access, Urban farming is entering a new phase. Urban agriculture has the potential to help people adapt to climate change. Mitigation and adaptation will be aided by avoiding reliance on fragile transportation connections, experimenting with seasonality and crop selection, and developing community bonds. When new challenges develop, urban agriculture will be there to meet them, and it will continue to evolve as it reacts to key issues that shape our cities. And to aid this process a comprehensive look at the ancient world’s agro-urban civilizations would be very beneficial. Keywords: Urban Agricultural History, Urban Farming History, Mayan Civilizations
由于城市地区的粮食短缺，城市农业(UF)正在现代世界的城市地区兴起。从几十年前开始，都市农业正重新流行起来。现在，它作为一种获得环境、经济和社会优势的手段被广泛认可和接受。然而，城市农业的摇篮来自我们的祖先文明。因此，记录我们祖先使用的不同城市农业技术是非常重要的。因此，这项研究是为了研究我们的祖先如何利用城市农业来养活不断增长的城市人口。为了构建数据库，将与uf相关的单词和关键字分为五类。然后，对“历史”和UF使用不同的关键字组合检索在线数据库Scopus、ScienceDirect和ISI Web of Science (WoS)。这里展示的样品展示了玛雅文明中景观的多样性。基础环境的空间差异、各种环境变化和文明的时间适应性都促成了这种异质性。无论这个文明是选择在湿地还是干燥的高地上专注于农业，他们如何处理旱季和水资源的年度问题，以及在更广阔的景观中，土壤的多样性和营养都展示了文明为适应不同的环境条件而采用的适应策略。玛雅文明的养床耕作技术就是利用创造性解决方案适应气候变化的好例子。所有这些文明在崩溃之前都繁荣了几个世纪。作为解决社区凝聚力和粮食获取问题的框架，城市农业正在进入一个新阶段。都市农业有可能帮助人们适应气候变化。避免依赖脆弱的交通连接，尝试季节性和作物选择，以及发展社区纽带，将有助于缓解和适应气候变化。当新的挑战出现时，都市农业将在那里迎接它们，它将继续发展，因为它对塑造我们城市的关键问题作出反应。为了帮助这一过程，对古代世界的农业城市文明进行全面的研究将是非常有益的。关键词:城市农业史，城市农业史，玛雅文明
{"title":"Urban Farming: A Review on Techniques Used in Urban Farming in Mayan Civilizations","authors":"Sadani Kulathunga, T. Perera, T. Perera, C. Udawattha","doi":"10.54389/zjvj6847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54389/zjvj6847","url":null,"abstract":"Urban farming (UF) is emerging in the urban areas of the modern world due to food scarcity in urban areas. Urban agriculture is enjoying a resurgence in popularity that began decades ago. It's now widely acknowledged and accepted as a means of gaining several environmental, economic, and social advantages. However, the cradle of urban farming is from our ancestral civilization. Hence, documenting different urban farming techniques used by our ancestors is very important. Consequently, this study is launched to study how our ancestors used urban farming to feed their ever-growing urban population. To structure the database, the UF-related words and keywords are divided into five categories. After that, using different keyword combinations for both ‘history’ and UF the online databases Scopus, ScienceDirect and ISI Web of Science (WoS) were searched. The samples presented here demonstrate the diversity of landscapes found in the Mayan Civilizations. Spatial variances in the underlying environment, various environmental changes, and civilizations' adaptability across time all contributed to this heterogeneity. Whether this civilization chose to focus on agriculture in wetlands or dry uplands, how they dealt with the annual problem of the dry season and water availability, and how diverse and nutritious soils were across the broader landscape all showcase the adaptive strategies used by the civilization to suit the different environmental conditions. Techniques like Raised bed farming in Mayan Civilization, are great examples of their adaptability to the climatic changes using creative solutions. All these civilizations flourished for centuries before their collapse. As a framework for addressing community cohesiveness and food access, Urban farming is entering a new phase. Urban agriculture has the potential to help people adapt to climate change. Mitigation and adaptation will be aided by avoiding reliance on fragile transportation connections, experimenting with seasonality and crop selection, and developing community bonds. When new challenges develop, urban agriculture will be there to meet them, and it will continue to evolve as it reacts to key issues that shape our cities. And to aid this process a comprehensive look at the ancient world’s agro-urban civilizations would be very beneficial. Keywords: Urban Agricultural History, Urban Farming History, Mayan Civilizations","PeriodicalId":112882,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE SLIIT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCEMENTS IN SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES [SICASH]","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128038893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Native Sinhala speakers attempt to speak in English even prior to formal education regardless of the errors they make in speech production. This study is focused on interlanguage, the linguistic system behind the learner language of these native speakers, influenced by the first language and the target language. This research was conducted to analyze the impact of the Sinhala language on the English speech production of native speakers. A qualitative research approach was taken to initiate this research with 30 native Sinhala speakers, who informally learnt to speak English. They were asked to interpret a few simple English sentences to Sinhala. Each translated utterance was simultaneously recorded and analyzed to observe the produced patterns of the inter-language. Results indicate that the inter-language production of the speakers was visible in the structure of language and specific grammar rules about spoken English. Syntactic pattern, word order, misidentifying nouns and adjectives, omission of the ‘be verbs’, the misconception of verb tenses, and chaotic pronoun placement are included in the native language influence. The findings of this inter-language analysis concluded that the native language is a dominant factor in second language speech production. Competence in the first language is the main reason for this dominance since the speaker tries to perceive a second language most comfortably. Further, the importance of introducing Psycholinguistics in Sri Lanka is emphasized. Keywords: Inter-language; Learner language; Sinhala language; Speech production; Syntactic structure
{"title":"English Speech Production of Native Sinhala Speakers with Special Reference to Interlanguage Analysis","authors":"H. M. T. Wijayabandara","doi":"10.54389/ravq8385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54389/ravq8385","url":null,"abstract":"Native Sinhala speakers attempt to speak in English even prior to formal education regardless of the errors they make in speech production. This study is focused on interlanguage, the linguistic system behind the learner language of these native speakers, influenced by the first language and the target language. This research was conducted to analyze the impact of the Sinhala language on the English speech production of native speakers. A qualitative research approach was taken to initiate this research with 30 native Sinhala speakers, who informally learnt to speak English. They were asked to interpret a few simple English sentences to Sinhala. Each translated utterance was simultaneously recorded and analyzed to observe the produced patterns of the inter-language. Results indicate that the inter-language production of the speakers was visible in the structure of language and specific grammar rules about spoken English. Syntactic pattern, word order, misidentifying nouns and adjectives, omission of the ‘be verbs’, the misconception of verb tenses, and chaotic pronoun placement are included in the native language influence. The findings of this inter-language analysis concluded that the native language is a dominant factor in second language speech production. Competence in the first language is the main reason for this dominance since the speaker tries to perceive a second language most comfortably. Further, the importance of introducing Psycholinguistics in Sri Lanka is emphasized. Keywords: Inter-language; Learner language; Sinhala language; Speech production; Syntactic structure","PeriodicalId":112882,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE SLIIT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCEMENTS IN SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES [SICASH]","volume":"46 12 Pt 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123498153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Corporeal punishments can be identified as a method of punishment that can be traced a long way back in history as a method that is utilized to ensure compliance and discipline. It is quite well known that the same method is used in various degrees to discipline children at schools and even within the unit of a family. However, it is proven by research that such punishments can have devastating effects on the well-being of children, thus, the claims on punishments being imposed in the best interests of the children might be considered ineffective due to lack of evidence and the severity of the consequences of imposing corporeal punishments to children. Thus, the purpose of this research was to conduct a dialogue on the capability of criminal law on ensuring protection for children against acts of violence within the school system via a focused emphasis on the competency of Section 308A (1995 Amendment) and Section 341 of the Penal Code through utilizing the epistemological approach and the black letter approach of qualitative research. The research findings depicted that the relevant Sections considered within the course of the research has potential in terms of ensuring protection for children from acts of cruelty against children in the school atmosphere. The provisions further attempt to strike a balance between reasonable acts to ensure student wellbeing and acts that can be considered as being influenced by malice and cruelty, yet, with limitations that leave room for improvements. Keywords: Corporeal punishments; Best interests; Children; Child rights
{"title":"A Dialogue on the Effectiveness of Section 308A and Section 341 of the Penal Code in Discouraging Corporeal Punishments","authors":"S. Widanapathirana","doi":"10.54389/tqtl6011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54389/tqtl6011","url":null,"abstract":"Corporeal punishments can be identified as a method of punishment that can be traced a long way back in history as a method that is utilized to ensure compliance and discipline. It is quite well known that the same method is used in various degrees to discipline children at schools and even within the unit of a family. However, it is proven by research that such punishments can have devastating effects on the well-being of children, thus, the claims on punishments being imposed in the best interests of the children might be considered ineffective due to lack of evidence and the severity of the consequences of imposing corporeal punishments to children. Thus, the purpose of this research was to conduct a dialogue on the capability of criminal law on ensuring protection for children against acts of violence within the school system via a focused emphasis on the competency of Section 308A (1995 Amendment) and Section 341 of the Penal Code through utilizing the epistemological approach and the black letter approach of qualitative research. The research findings depicted that the relevant Sections considered within the course of the research has potential in terms of ensuring protection for children from acts of cruelty against children in the school atmosphere. The provisions further attempt to strike a balance between reasonable acts to ensure student wellbeing and acts that can be considered as being influenced by malice and cruelty, yet, with limitations that leave room for improvements. Keywords: Corporeal punishments; Best interests; Children; Child rights","PeriodicalId":112882,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE SLIIT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCEMENTS IN SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES [SICASH]","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125007813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sri Lanka’s Mental Diseases Ordinance (1873) gives discretion to police officers to make decisions concerning individuals who live with mental health conditions despite lack of clinical training. Identification of officers’ attitudes towards individuals with psychological problems (IPPs) is important as these influences officers’ responses to situations involving IPPs. Using the Mental Health Attitude Survey for Police (MHASP; Clayfield, 2011), the study aimed to identify police officers’ attitudes towards IPPs, on the community responsibility towards IPPs and on IPPs living in the community. Officers’ perceived level of adequacy to deal with IPPs was also assessed. Literature indicates that factors such as age, gender, level of education, years of experience, personal experience with an IPP and past training predicted officers’ attitude, the current study investigated the same. The survey was distributed amongst 77 officers who volunteered on site. MHASP includes 33 statements of officers rated their level of agreement using a Likert scale. MHASP Total an overall attitude score (M=132.67, SD=17.55) indicated a significant positive attitude towards IPPs despite an absence of a specialized training (84%) or any personal experience, officers felt confident to deal with IPPs. Multiple regression analysis identified gender of the officers to be the only predictor for attitude towards community responsibility towards IPPs (p=0.047). Despite the positive attitude and perceived adequate preparedness reported in the current study, considering the lack of experience stated by the officers and the analysis of individual items of the survey, several stigmatizing beliefs held by officers were identified. The findings can be used to enhance the current practices and specialized training to the police officers who deal with IPPs in Sri Lanka. Keywords: Police; law enforcement; attitude; mental health; psychological problems
{"title":"Attitude of Police Officers towards Dealing with Individuals with Psychological Problems: A Sample from Selected Police Stations in Colombo District","authors":"Leila Tennakoon, L. Ponnamperuma","doi":"10.54389/uwtn3473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54389/uwtn3473","url":null,"abstract":"Sri Lanka’s Mental Diseases Ordinance (1873) gives discretion to police officers to make decisions concerning individuals who live with mental health conditions despite lack of clinical training. Identification of officers’ attitudes towards individuals with psychological problems (IPPs) is important as these influences officers’ responses to situations involving IPPs. Using the Mental Health Attitude Survey for Police (MHASP; Clayfield, 2011), the study aimed to identify police officers’ attitudes towards IPPs, on the community responsibility towards IPPs and on IPPs living in the community. Officers’ perceived level of adequacy to deal with IPPs was also assessed. Literature indicates that factors such as age, gender, level of education, years of experience, personal experience with an IPP and past training predicted officers’ attitude, the current study investigated the same. The survey was distributed amongst 77 officers who volunteered on site. MHASP includes 33 statements of officers rated their level of agreement using a Likert scale. MHASP Total an overall attitude score (M=132.67, SD=17.55) indicated a significant positive attitude towards IPPs despite an absence of a specialized training (84%) or any personal experience, officers felt confident to deal with IPPs. Multiple regression analysis identified gender of the officers to be the only predictor for attitude towards community responsibility towards IPPs (p=0.047). Despite the positive attitude and perceived adequate preparedness reported in the current study, considering the lack of experience stated by the officers and the analysis of individual items of the survey, several stigmatizing beliefs held by officers were identified. The findings can be used to enhance the current practices and specialized training to the police officers who deal with IPPs in Sri Lanka. Keywords: Police; law enforcement; attitude; mental health; psychological problems","PeriodicalId":112882,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE SLIIT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCEMENTS IN SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES [SICASH]","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124355387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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