Pub Date : 2022-01-16DOI: 10.1109/RWS53089.2022.9719917
Ender Ozturk, F. Erden, K. Du, C. K. Anjinappa, Ö. Özdemir, Ismail Güvenç
Indoor coverage and channel modelling is crucial for network planning purposes at mmWave bands. In this paper, we analyzed received power patterns and connectivity in an indoor office environment for sub-6 GHz and mmWave bands using ray tracing simulations and theoretical models over different scenarios. We discussed the effect of using metallic walls instead of regular drywall, base station (BS) location, and open/shut doors. Our results showed that ray tracing solutions are consistent with theoretical calculations, and using reflective walls significantly improves average received power and connectivity at mmWave bands, e.g., for the given floor plan, coverage increases from 86% to 97.5% at 60 GHz band.
{"title":"Ray Tracing Analysis of Sub-6 GHz and mmWave Indoor Coverage with Reflecting Surfaces","authors":"Ender Ozturk, F. Erden, K. Du, C. K. Anjinappa, Ö. Özdemir, Ismail Güvenç","doi":"10.1109/RWS53089.2022.9719917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RWS53089.2022.9719917","url":null,"abstract":"Indoor coverage and channel modelling is crucial for network planning purposes at mmWave bands. In this paper, we analyzed received power patterns and connectivity in an indoor office environment for sub-6 GHz and mmWave bands using ray tracing simulations and theoretical models over different scenarios. We discussed the effect of using metallic walls instead of regular drywall, base station (BS) location, and open/shut doors. Our results showed that ray tracing solutions are consistent with theoretical calculations, and using reflective walls significantly improves average received power and connectivity at mmWave bands, e.g., for the given floor plan, coverage increases from 86% to 97.5% at 60 GHz band.","PeriodicalId":113074,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124579569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-16DOI: 10.1109/RWS53089.2022.9719883
A. Fathy, Özlem Kilic, Abdel-Kareem Moadi
Implementation of advanced antenna concepts is essential for the success of 5G and beyond. Conventional beamforming networks like Butler matrices, Blass matrices, Rotman lens networks, and conventional adaptive arrays are very favorable. Meanwhile, use of multi-element antennas associated with the implementation of advanced algorithms are the backbone of efficacy of spatial processing. Beamforming of phased arrays and MIMOs could be utilized to develop antennas that operate in urban or suburban areas. Meanwhile, high gain and super directive repeaters have been designed to extend coverage to rural areas as well. In this presentation, we will provide a brief review of candidates for 5G antennas and radiating systems, and present examples of some commercially available antennas.
{"title":"Overview of Advanced Antenna Concepts for 5G","authors":"A. Fathy, Özlem Kilic, Abdel-Kareem Moadi","doi":"10.1109/RWS53089.2022.9719883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RWS53089.2022.9719883","url":null,"abstract":"Implementation of advanced antenna concepts is essential for the success of 5G and beyond. Conventional beamforming networks like Butler matrices, Blass matrices, Rotman lens networks, and conventional adaptive arrays are very favorable. Meanwhile, use of multi-element antennas associated with the implementation of advanced algorithms are the backbone of efficacy of spatial processing. Beamforming of phased arrays and MIMOs could be utilized to develop antennas that operate in urban or suburban areas. Meanwhile, high gain and super directive repeaters have been designed to extend coverage to rural areas as well. In this presentation, we will provide a brief review of candidates for 5G antennas and radiating systems, and present examples of some commercially available antennas.","PeriodicalId":113074,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS)","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121199720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-16DOI: 10.1109/RWS53089.2022.9719955
Michael C. Brown, Changzhi Li
In this paper, a K-Band binary phase shifter that utilizes the architecture of a 180° rat-race coupler is presented. This structure takes advantage of the phase delay inherent in the coupler, along with fast switching PIN diodes, to create a binary system that has constant power usage and low insertion loss in its active states. The relative phase shift between states is controlled by forward and reverse diode bias voltages and the coupler exhibits binary phase states with absolute phase errors of ±10° over a 5.72 GHz bandwidth, making it suitable for use in K-band applications such as PMCW radar.
{"title":"A K-Band Broadband Binary Phase Shifter","authors":"Michael C. Brown, Changzhi Li","doi":"10.1109/RWS53089.2022.9719955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RWS53089.2022.9719955","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a K-Band binary phase shifter that utilizes the architecture of a 180° rat-race coupler is presented. This structure takes advantage of the phase delay inherent in the coupler, along with fast switching PIN diodes, to create a binary system that has constant power usage and low insertion loss in its active states. The relative phase shift between states is controlled by forward and reverse diode bias voltages and the coupler exhibits binary phase states with absolute phase errors of ±10° over a 5.72 GHz bandwidth, making it suitable for use in K-band applications such as PMCW radar.","PeriodicalId":113074,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128027101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-16DOI: 10.1109/RWS53089.2022.9719932
Jonathan Platt, Yang-Ki Hong, H. Won, Olakunle Olaniyan, Minyeong Choi, Joohan Lee
This paper compares the usage of frequency modulated-continuous wave (FMCW) and m-sequence modulation in a ground-penetrating radar scenario. The two radars share a common front-end operating in the 1 to 2 GHz band with a 0 dBm transmitter and a receiver with a noise floor of -60 dBm. The two methods are compared based on their resolution and maximum detectable range. These parameters are examined considering one, four, and ten responses averaged for approximating the impulse response and target range. The simulation results show that even though the FMCW ground penetrating radar (GPR) offers two times higher resolution and maximum detectable range for a single response, the m-sequence GPR becomes superior when considering the average of 10 responses.
{"title":"Simulation of FMCW and M-Sequence Ground Penetrating Radar Systems","authors":"Jonathan Platt, Yang-Ki Hong, H. Won, Olakunle Olaniyan, Minyeong Choi, Joohan Lee","doi":"10.1109/RWS53089.2022.9719932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RWS53089.2022.9719932","url":null,"abstract":"This paper compares the usage of frequency modulated-continuous wave (FMCW) and m-sequence modulation in a ground-penetrating radar scenario. The two radars share a common front-end operating in the 1 to 2 GHz band with a 0 dBm transmitter and a receiver with a noise floor of -60 dBm. The two methods are compared based on their resolution and maximum detectable range. These parameters are examined considering one, four, and ten responses averaged for approximating the impulse response and target range. The simulation results show that even though the FMCW ground penetrating radar (GPR) offers two times higher resolution and maximum detectable range for a single response, the m-sequence GPR becomes superior when considering the average of 10 responses.","PeriodicalId":113074,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131325561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-16DOI: 10.1109/RWS53089.2022.9719975
Zhi-Ming Xu, Jin Li, Tao Yuan
This paper reports on the design and implementation of a size-compact and wideband E-plane coax-to-waveguide transition featuring geometrically shaped internal profile of the waveguide cavity. The shaping involves properly attaching a parasitic cavity to the rectangular waveguide, filleting the cavity edges, and constructing a smooth connection from the parasitic cavity to the waveguide. The transition devised out of the shaping is able to perform wideband and low-loss transmission free of using any tapered waveguide mode transformer as conventional. More significantly, the shaping results in smooth cavity profile that is highly compatible to either subtractive or additive manufacturing technology. This upgrade in the structure enhances flexibility in the fabrication process of the transition. Adapter prototypes based on the transition are engineered and demonstrate in the entire Ka band return and insertion losses of >18 dB and <0.5 dB, respectively, showing great potential for applications in microwave network measurement.
{"title":"A Full Ka-Band Compact Coax-to-Waveguide Transition With Shaped Internal Profile and Enhanced Fabrication Process Flexibility","authors":"Zhi-Ming Xu, Jin Li, Tao Yuan","doi":"10.1109/RWS53089.2022.9719975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RWS53089.2022.9719975","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on the design and implementation of a size-compact and wideband E-plane coax-to-waveguide transition featuring geometrically shaped internal profile of the waveguide cavity. The shaping involves properly attaching a parasitic cavity to the rectangular waveguide, filleting the cavity edges, and constructing a smooth connection from the parasitic cavity to the waveguide. The transition devised out of the shaping is able to perform wideband and low-loss transmission free of using any tapered waveguide mode transformer as conventional. More significantly, the shaping results in smooth cavity profile that is highly compatible to either subtractive or additive manufacturing technology. This upgrade in the structure enhances flexibility in the fabrication process of the transition. Adapter prototypes based on the transition are engineered and demonstrate in the entire Ka band return and insertion losses of >18 dB and <0.5 dB, respectively, showing great potential for applications in microwave network measurement.","PeriodicalId":113074,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS)","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114518630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-16DOI: 10.1109/RWS53089.2022.9719965
Ryota Kawasaki, A. Kajiwara
Blood pressure (BP) is one of the four main vital signs providing valuable medical information about the cardiovascular activity. In this paper, a new method for estimating systolic and diastolic BP in contact-free for comfort is proposed using a millimeter-wave (MMW) sensor. The MMW sensor is sensitive to small cardiac motion of 1mm or less included in chest surface motion because of the higher frequency and wider bandwidth available, thereby continuous systolic and diastolic BP per heartbeat would be able to be estimated from the time-domain features of unique cardiac motion waveform. Measurement was conducted with the MMW sensor system and the estimated systolic and diastolic BP are also compared with an intermittent BP monitor. As a result, the sensor system is found to estimate systolic and diastolic BP continuously.
{"title":"Continuous blood pressure estimation using millimeter wave radar","authors":"Ryota Kawasaki, A. Kajiwara","doi":"10.1109/RWS53089.2022.9719965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RWS53089.2022.9719965","url":null,"abstract":"Blood pressure (BP) is one of the four main vital signs providing valuable medical information about the cardiovascular activity. In this paper, a new method for estimating systolic and diastolic BP in contact-free for comfort is proposed using a millimeter-wave (MMW) sensor. The MMW sensor is sensitive to small cardiac motion of 1mm or less included in chest surface motion because of the higher frequency and wider bandwidth available, thereby continuous systolic and diastolic BP per heartbeat would be able to be estimated from the time-domain features of unique cardiac motion waveform. Measurement was conducted with the MMW sensor system and the estimated systolic and diastolic BP are also compared with an intermittent BP monitor. As a result, the sensor system is found to estimate systolic and diastolic BP continuously.","PeriodicalId":113074,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116327379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-16DOI: 10.1109/RWS53089.2022.9719968
Chen Feng, Haojian Ye, Hong Hong, E. Wang, Xiaohua Zhu
A sparse array is designed to achieve a narrower beam without increasing hardware costs. To reduce the peak side-lobe level and the grating lobe in the desired ambiguity-free region, a hybrid algorithm combining particle swarm optimization (PSO) and convex optimization is presented. While the main beam scans in the desired region, the positions and excitation of array elements are alternately optimized by PSO and convex optimization, respectively. The simulation results show that, compared with the PSO algorithm alone, the hybrid algorithm obtains the lower peak side-lobe level. Furthermore, the side lobes remain almost the same in the desired region when the beam scans. A multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar prototype equipped with the designed sparse array is presented. The experimental result shows that two closely placed moving targets can be separated in two-dimension (2-D) by the MIMO system, which certificates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in actual scenarios.
{"title":"A Hybrid Algorithm for Sparse Antenna Array Optimization of MIMO Radar","authors":"Chen Feng, Haojian Ye, Hong Hong, E. Wang, Xiaohua Zhu","doi":"10.1109/RWS53089.2022.9719968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RWS53089.2022.9719968","url":null,"abstract":"A sparse array is designed to achieve a narrower beam without increasing hardware costs. To reduce the peak side-lobe level and the grating lobe in the desired ambiguity-free region, a hybrid algorithm combining particle swarm optimization (PSO) and convex optimization is presented. While the main beam scans in the desired region, the positions and excitation of array elements are alternately optimized by PSO and convex optimization, respectively. The simulation results show that, compared with the PSO algorithm alone, the hybrid algorithm obtains the lower peak side-lobe level. Furthermore, the side lobes remain almost the same in the desired region when the beam scans. A multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar prototype equipped with the designed sparse array is presented. The experimental result shows that two closely placed moving targets can be separated in two-dimension (2-D) by the MIMO system, which certificates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in actual scenarios.","PeriodicalId":113074,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS)","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123473840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-16DOI: 10.1109/RWS53089.2022.9719921
K. Chuang
Over the past two decades, various behavioral modeling techniques have been proposed to compensate for the non-idealities in the wireless systems, including quadrature errors, channel imbalance, interleaved spurs, harmonic distortion and intermodulation distortion, to improve radio performance and efficiency. This paper aims to provide an overview of prevalent digital compensator models considering memory effects and bandpass non-linearities as well as model complexity reduction algorithms, including orthogonal matching pursuit and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, in compact linear regression modeling. More specifically, polynomials, orthogonal polynomials, basis spline functions and radial basis functions are cross examined in time and frequency. Key performance indicators, such as feature space, normalized mean square error, adjacent channel leakage ratio, maximal coefficient value, basis matrix condition, and cumulative energy of leading singular values are demonstrated on a radio frequency power amplifier.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Behavioral Modeling for Wireless Radio Systems","authors":"K. Chuang","doi":"10.1109/RWS53089.2022.9719921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RWS53089.2022.9719921","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past two decades, various behavioral modeling techniques have been proposed to compensate for the non-idealities in the wireless systems, including quadrature errors, channel imbalance, interleaved spurs, harmonic distortion and intermodulation distortion, to improve radio performance and efficiency. This paper aims to provide an overview of prevalent digital compensator models considering memory effects and bandpass non-linearities as well as model complexity reduction algorithms, including orthogonal matching pursuit and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, in compact linear regression modeling. More specifically, polynomials, orthogonal polynomials, basis spline functions and radial basis functions are cross examined in time and frequency. Key performance indicators, such as feature space, normalized mean square error, adjacent channel leakage ratio, maximal coefficient value, basis matrix condition, and cumulative energy of leading singular values are demonstrated on a radio frequency power amplifier.","PeriodicalId":113074,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127376003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-16DOI: 10.1109/RWS53089.2022.9719977
Yahia Z. M. Ibrahim, M. Abdalla, A. Mohieldin
This paper presents the design of a wide tuning range (7.3 - 10.3 GHz) VCO, in 45nm SOI technology, for 5G communication systems. The VCO exhibits a measured phase noise of -119.2 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from the carrier frequency and achieves a very high FOMT of 197. The proposed VCO consumes 15mW while operating from a 0.9V power supply. This paper presents new design methodology for transistor sizing as well as biasing to reduce VCO phase noise.
{"title":"A 197 FoMT VCO with 34% Tuning Range for 5G Applications in 45nm SOI Technology","authors":"Yahia Z. M. Ibrahim, M. Abdalla, A. Mohieldin","doi":"10.1109/RWS53089.2022.9719977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RWS53089.2022.9719977","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design of a wide tuning range (7.3 - 10.3 GHz) VCO, in 45nm SOI technology, for 5G communication systems. The VCO exhibits a measured phase noise of -119.2 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from the carrier frequency and achieves a very high FOMT of 197. The proposed VCO consumes 15mW while operating from a 0.9V power supply. This paper presents new design methodology for transistor sizing as well as biasing to reduce VCO phase noise.","PeriodicalId":113074,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS)","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130865055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-16DOI: 10.1109/RWS53089.2022.9719949
S. Suyama, Tatsuki Okuyama, Nobuhide Nonaka, T. Asai
A massive multiple-input multiple-output (M-MIMO) technology was introduced for 5G in millimeter-wave (mmW) bands such as 28 GHz. Further enhancement of 5G, so-called 5G Evolution (5GE) is expected to exploit advanced beamforming technologies and M-MIMO technologies combined with base station (BS) cooperation in order to achieve more stable and higher data-rate mmW transmission. For 6G, extremely high data rate exceeding 100 Gbps is required, and hence so-called sub-terahertz wave targeting the frequency from 100 GHz to 300 GHz has attracted much attention. This paper introduces our recent studies on M-MIMO technologies for 5GE and 6G. Concretely, it shows experimental results of M-MIMO BS cooperation technologies for mmW 5GE. For 6G, in link-level simulations using 100 GHz-band M-MIMO technology, over-100 Gbps downlink throughput and coverage performances are clarified. In addition, 100 GHz-band system-level performances are shown by our developed 6G simulator employing multiple M-MIMO BSs in a future shopping mall environment.
{"title":"Recent Studies on Massive MIMO Technologies for 5G Evolution and 6G","authors":"S. Suyama, Tatsuki Okuyama, Nobuhide Nonaka, T. Asai","doi":"10.1109/RWS53089.2022.9719949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RWS53089.2022.9719949","url":null,"abstract":"A massive multiple-input multiple-output (M-MIMO) technology was introduced for 5G in millimeter-wave (mmW) bands such as 28 GHz. Further enhancement of 5G, so-called 5G Evolution (5GE) is expected to exploit advanced beamforming technologies and M-MIMO technologies combined with base station (BS) cooperation in order to achieve more stable and higher data-rate mmW transmission. For 6G, extremely high data rate exceeding 100 Gbps is required, and hence so-called sub-terahertz wave targeting the frequency from 100 GHz to 300 GHz has attracted much attention. This paper introduces our recent studies on M-MIMO technologies for 5GE and 6G. Concretely, it shows experimental results of M-MIMO BS cooperation technologies for mmW 5GE. For 6G, in link-level simulations using 100 GHz-band M-MIMO technology, over-100 Gbps downlink throughput and coverage performances are clarified. In addition, 100 GHz-band system-level performances are shown by our developed 6G simulator employing multiple M-MIMO BSs in a future shopping mall environment.","PeriodicalId":113074,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124908503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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