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Cannabis Marketing Restrictions and Exposure to Cannabis Marketing in Legal US Cannabis Markets: Findings From the International Cannabis Policy Study 美国合法大麻市场的大麻销售限制和大麻销售暴露:来自国际大麻政策研究的结果。
IF 2.6 3区 医学 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1111/dar.70106
Lauren Winfield-Ward, Elle Wadsworth, Pete Driezen, David Hammond

Introduction

A growing number of US states have legalised adult ‘recreational’ cannabis. Restrictions on advertising and promotions are a key component of cannabis regulations in legal markets; however, there is little evidence on the impact of restrictions. This study examines differences in cannabis marketing exposure by the strength of marketing restrictions among US states with legal recreational sales.

Methods

Data are from the International Cannabis Policy Study: repeated cross-sectional surveys conducted annually (2018–2023) with 99,132 respondents aged 16–65. The ‘strength’ of marketing restrictions was measured using regulatory documents in 20 states with legal recreational cannabis sales. Adjusted mixed effects logistic regression models were fitted to analyse differences in past-12 month noticing of cannabis marketing by the strength of marketing restrictions overall and within specific marketing channels.

Results

People in states with low and moderate strength marketing restrictions reported similar exposure to cannabis marketing (61.4% and 61.8%, respectively). Compared to those with moderate strength restrictions, people in states with the highest strength restrictions reported the lowest exposure (53.4%: p = 0.037), with no significant differences for states with low strength restrictions (p = 0.067). Comprehensive restrictions on marketing via billboards and posters, and at sports events were associated with reductions in reported exposure to these channels. Cannabis marketing exposure was highest among people below the minimum legal age (16–20 years old; 63.0%: p < 0.001).

Discussion and Conclusions

Stronger regulations may reduce exposure to marketing in states with recreational cannabis markets; however, existing regulations appear to be inadequate to prevent advertising and promotions from reaching young people.

越来越多的美国州已经将成人“娱乐”大麻合法化。限制广告和促销是合法市场大麻条例的一个关键组成部分;然而,几乎没有证据表明限制措施的影响。本研究通过美国各州合法娱乐销售的营销限制力度来调查大麻营销暴露的差异。方法:数据来自国际大麻政策研究:每年(2018-2023年)对99,132名年龄在16-65岁之间的受访者进行重复横断面调查。市场限制的“力度”是通过20个州的监管文件来衡量的,这些州的娱乐性大麻销售是合法的。调整后的混合效应逻辑回归模型拟合,以分析过去12个月注意到的大麻营销总体上和特定营销渠道内的营销限制的强度的差异。结果:在低强度和中等强度营销限制的州,人们报告了类似的大麻营销暴露(分别为61.4%和61.8%)。与具有中等强度限制的人相比,具有最高强度限制的州的人报告的暴露最低(53.4%:p = 0.037),而具有低强度限制的州没有显著差异(p = 0.067)。全面限制通过广告牌和海报进行营销,以及在体育赛事中进行营销,与报告的这些渠道的接触减少有关。在最低法定年龄(16-20岁)以下的人群中,大麻营销接触最多;63.0%:p讨论和结论:在拥有休闲大麻市场的州,加强监管可能会减少对营销的接触;然而,现有监管似乎不足以防止广告和促销活动接触到年轻人。
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引用次数: 0
Expanding Access to Addiction Medicine Specialist Care in Regional New South Wales, Australia Through Telehealth 通过远程保健在澳大利亚新南威尔士州地区扩大获得成瘾药物专家护理的机会。
IF 2.6 3区 医学 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1111/dar.70101
Clare S. Smylie, Carl I. Moller, Lucy McWilliams, Brendan Clifford, Liam Acheson, Mark Chambers, Krista J. Siefried, Jonathan Brett, Anthony Shakeshaft, Darren M. Roberts, Clare Corliss, Jane Rich, Scott C. Clark, Robyn Manzie, Adrian Dunlop, Bronte Speirs, Frances Kay-Lambkin, Nadine Ezard

Introduction

Australians in regional areas face substantial barriers accessing alcohol and other drug specialist medical care. This study observed a newly implemented telehealth model of public addiction medicine specialist care, the TeleHUB model, in two regional New South Wales (NSW), Australia Local Health Districts: Murrumbidgee and Western NSW. A shared-care approach was employed; a metropolitan hospital (St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney) acted as a central coordinating service for providing additional (Murrumbidgee, commencing August 2019) or fly-in-fly-out replacement (Western NSW, commencing February 2021) telehealth consultations by an addiction medicine specialist, while local services provided in-person support.

Methods

Interrupted time series analysis examining changes in monthly scheduled appointments with an addiction medicine specialist were conducted using retrospective administrative data pre- and post-TeleHUB implementation. Data were collected for Murrumbidgee from October 2016 to March 2022 and for Western NSW from July 2016 to March 2022. Qualitative semi-structured interviews examining staff and client acceptability of the model were conducted across participating sites.

Results

Monthly scheduled consultations post-TeleHUB implementation increased compared to pre-implementation in Murrumbidgee (16.6 per month, 95% confidence interval 4.0–37.9; p < 0.001) but there was no evidence of such an increase in Western NSW. Qualitatively, clients and staff reported telehealth reduced client anxiety and increased service accessibility.

Discussion and Conclusions

The TeleHUB model has the potential to improve and maintain service accessibility in addiction medicine specialist healthcare. This model could strengthen local services by providing additional specialist appointments and further support to local services through reduction of travel time and costs associated with fly-in-fly-out models.

导言:区域地区的澳大利亚人在获得酒精和其他药物专家医疗服务方面面临重大障碍。本研究观察了新南威尔士州(NSW)两个地区、澳大利亚地方卫生区(Murrumbidgee和Western NSW)新实施的公共成瘾医学专家护理远程医疗模式,即TeleHUB模式。采用了共享护理方法;一家大都会医院(悉尼圣文森特医院)作为中央协调服务机构,由成瘾医学专家提供额外(Murrumbidgee, 2019年8月开始)或“飞进飞出”替代(新南威尔士州西部,2021年2月开始)远程医疗咨询,而当地服务机构则提供面对面的支持。方法:使用telehub实施前后的回顾性行政数据进行中断时间序列分析,检查每月与成瘾医学专家预约的变化。2016年10月至2022年3月期间收集了Murrumbidgee的数据,2016年7月至2022年3月期间收集了Western NSW的数据。在参与的网站上进行了定性的半结构化访谈,以检查员工和客户对该模型的接受程度。结果:在Murrumbidgee,与实施前相比,TeleHUB实施后每月安排的会诊增加了(每月16.6次,95%置信区间为4.0-37.9);p讨论和结论:TeleHUB模型有可能改善和维持成瘾医学专科保健的服务可及性。这种模式可以通过提供额外的专家预约和通过减少与“飞进飞出”模式有关的旅行时间和费用进一步支持当地服务,从而加强当地服务。
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引用次数: 0
Emerging Risks of Nitazene-Adulterated Vapes in Australia: Balancing Regulation, Access and Harm Reduction 澳大利亚nitazene掺杂电子烟的新风险:平衡监管,获取和减少危害。
IF 2.6 3区 医学 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE Pub Date : 2026-01-25 DOI: 10.1111/dar.70081
James Martin, Jennifer L. Schumann
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引用次数: 0
Traces of Use: Uncovering Drug Use Insights From Paraphernalia Analysis 使用的痕迹:从随身物品分析中揭示药物使用的见解。
IF 2.6 3区 医学 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1111/dar.70105
Emma L. Keller, Brock Peake, Bradley S. Simpson, Marie Longo, Jason M. White, Cobus Gerber

Introduction

The residue analysis of disposed paraphernalia from people who inject drugs is a novel way to discern drug taking behaviours. This study aimed to investigate the presence of conventional and novel psychoactive substances (NPS) in drug paraphernalia in South Australia.

Methods

Drug paraphernalia were collected in November and December 2024 from sharps disposal bins at three needle and syringe program locations. A total of 300 items of paraphernalia were taken from bins, including syringes, bags, drug storage vials/containers and filters. The items were rinsed with methanol, the solvent filtered and prepared for analysis using a Sciex 6500 + QTrap liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) and detections confirmed using authentic reference materials.

Results

A high proportion of paraphernalia contained methamphetamine (61%) and/or heroin (38%). A majority (57%) of the items analysed contained 2 or more drugs. In total, 14 different NPS were detected across 46 items of paraphernalia.

Discussion and Conclusions

The large number of paraphernalia items that had multiple drugs detected was likely an indication of polysubstance use. Residue analysis of drug paraphernalia is an objective approach to complement those currently used to ascertain drug trends, which strengthens harm reduction and public health responses to drug use. This study shows that drug residue analysis is feasible, non-invasive and effective, providing a near-real time approach to monitor the appearance of high potency NPS and other drugs being consumed, and determining trends in conventional substance use by people who inject drugs.

对注射吸毒者丢弃后的随身物品进行残留分析是一种识别吸毒行为的新方法。本研究旨在调查在南澳大利亚的毒品用具中传统和新型精神活性物质(NPS)的存在。方法:于2024年11月和12月在三个针头和注射器项目地点的锐器处理箱中收集药物用具。海关人员从垃圾桶中取出共300件随身物品,包括注射器、袋、储药瓶/容器和过滤器。样品用甲醇冲洗,溶剂过滤,用Sciex 6500 + QTrap液相色谱串联质谱仪(LC-MS/MS)进行分析,并使用真实的标准物质进行检测。结果:携带物品中含有甲基苯丙胺(61%)和/或海洛因(38%)的比例较高。大多数(57%)的分析项目含有2种或更多的药物。总共在46件随身物品中检测到14种不同的NPS。讨论和结论:大量的随身用品中检测到多种药物可能是使用多种药物的迹象。对吸毒用具进行残留分析是一种客观的方法,可以补充目前用于确定吸毒趋势的方法,从而加强减少危害和对吸毒作出公共卫生反应。这项研究表明,药物残留分析是可行的、非侵入性的和有效的,提供了一种近乎实时的方法来监测高效NPS和其他正在消耗的药物的外观,并确定注射吸毒者使用常规药物的趋势。
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引用次数: 0
Management of Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome and Commencement of Opioid Dependence Treatment Following Chronic Use of a Vaping Product Containing Protonitazene: Case Report 阿片类戒断综合征的管理和阿片类药物依赖治疗开始后,长期使用含有原硝唑的电子烟产品:病例报告。
IF 2.6 3区 医学 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1111/dar.70104
Daniel Dutkiewicz, Hester Wilson, Thanjira Jiranantakan, Peter Chisholm, Kaniz Fatema, Mark Hardy

Introduction

Nitazenes, benzimidazole synthetic potent opioid μ-receptor agonists, have been implicated in increased risk for opioid toxicity. Subtypes of nitazenes, including protonitazene, have been recently detected in multiple overdose cases in Australia. We describe a case report of protonitazene dependence, inpatient withdrawal management and induction onto opioid dependence treatment.

Case Presentation

A 22-year-old man with no significant medical history presented to a metropolitan emergency department in opioid withdrawal after regular vaping of a product sold as cannabinoids. He required higher than expected buprenorphine doses and other standard treatment including diazepam and olanzapine to manage opioid withdrawal. Blood and urine samples taken in the emergency department later tested positive for protonitazene. Analysis of the vaping liquid was only positive for protonitazene. He was discharged for outpatient follow-up to later receive a 300 mg subcutaneous buprenorphine monthly injection.

Discussion and Conclusions

This case describes the clinical presentation of dependence, withdrawal and buprenorphine induction for opioid dependence due to chronic protonitazene vaping. Future research may help guide optimal doses of buprenorphine to manage nitazene withdrawal. Vaping devices have increased in popularity, especially amongst youth, which poses public health risks to the community if adulterated with other substances. Detection of nitazenes currently requires specialised laboratories. Protonitazene withdrawal management was complex in this case report. Youth are at risk of harms in vaping products adulterated with other substances, including nitazenes. State-wide toxicosurveillance programs, such as the NSW PRISE program, are essential for coordinating detection, clinical management and community awareness of nitazenes.

nitazene是一种苯并咪唑合成的强效阿片μ受体激动剂,与阿片毒性风险增加有关。最近在澳大利亚的多起过量用药病例中发现了包括原硝唑在内的硝唑类亚型。我们描述了一个病例报告,原他嗪依赖,住院患者戒断管理和诱导阿片类药物依赖治疗。病例介绍:一名22岁的男性,没有明显的病史,在定期吸食作为大麻素出售的产品后,因阿片类药物戒断而到大都会急诊室就诊。他需要高于预期的丁丙诺啡剂量和其他标准治疗,包括地西泮和奥氮平来控制阿片类药物戒断。在急诊室采集的血液和尿液样本后来检测出原硝唑呈阳性。汽化液分析仅对原硝泽烯呈阳性。他出院接受门诊随访,随后接受每月300毫克皮下丁丙诺啡注射。讨论与结论:本病例描述了慢性原他嗪雾化导致阿片类药物依赖的依赖、戒断和丁丙诺啡诱导的临床表现。未来的研究可能有助于指导丁丙诺啡的最佳剂量,以控制nitazene戒断。电子烟越来越受欢迎,尤其是在年轻人中,如果掺杂了其他物质,就会给社区带来公共健康风险。目前,nitazene的检测需要专门的实验室。本病例报告中原硝唑的停药管理较为复杂。青少年在电子烟产品中掺入了其他物质,包括nitazene,有受到伤害的风险。全州范围内的毒物监测计划,如NSW PRISE计划,对于协调检测、临床管理和社区对nitazene的认识至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Alcohol Consumption and Atrial Fibrillation Risk: An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Network Meta-Analysis 饮酒与房颤风险:系统评价和网络荟萃分析综述
IF 2.6 3区 医学 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1111/dar.70089
MohammadHossein Hadi, Sanjib Saha, Dennis Petrie, Maame Esi Woode, Ulf-Göran Gerdtham

Issues

Although alcohol consumption is linked to atrial fibrillation (AF), the relationship across different intake levels and between sexes remains unclear. This study presents the first network meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies bringing greater precision to these associations.

Approach

A systematic review identified five meta-analyses on alcohol and AF risk. From these, 13 cohort studies totalling over 80 million person-years were included in a random-effects network meta-analysis, including sex-stratified analyses.

Key Findings

Compared to low-level consumption (< 12 g/day), moderate intake (12–< 24 g/day) slightly increased AF risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–1.10), similar at 24–< 36 g/day (HR = 1.09; 95% CI 1.00–1.20). No significant risk increase was observed for 36–< 60 g/day. Heavy consumption (≥ 60 g/day) showed the highest risk (HR = 2.84; 95% CI 1.57–5.14). Non-drinkers (‘Former’, ‘Never’ or ‘Occasional’) had HRs near 1, except ‘None’, which showed a slight increase (HR = 1.08; 95% CI 1.04–1.11).

Implications

In males, moderate consumption increased AF risk slightly, while heavy intake had a more pronounced effect (HR = 1.49; 95% CI 1.22–1.81). In females, moderate intake had no significant effect, but heavy intake significantly increased risk (HR = 2.53; 95% CI 1.05–6.08).

Conclusion

This network meta-analysis shows a nonlinear relationship between alcohol consumption and AF risk. Low-level or occasional intake poses the lowest risk. In males, moderate consumption slightly increases AF risk, while in females, risk rises substantially only with heavy intake. These findings support limiting alcohol consumption to reduce AF risk and highlight the need for further sex-stratified studies and consideration of sex-specific recommendations.

Registration

This network meta-analysis is a split review of an overview of reviews examining alcohol-attributable health and social harms, registered under PROSPERO ID442338.

问题:虽然饮酒与房颤(AF)有关,但不同摄入量和性别之间的关系尚不清楚。本研究首次提出了前瞻性队列研究的网络荟萃分析,使这些关联更加精确。方法:一项系统综述确定了5项关于酒精和房颤风险的荟萃分析。从这些研究中,13项队列研究总计超过8000万人年被纳入随机效应网络荟萃分析,包括性别分层分析。主要发现:与低水平摄入相比(提示:在男性中,适度摄入会略微增加房颤风险,而大量摄入则有更明显的影响(HR = 1.49; 95% CI 1.22-1.81)。在女性中,适度摄入无显著影响,但大量摄入显著增加风险(HR = 2.53; 95% CI 1.05-6.08)。结论:该网络荟萃分析显示饮酒与房颤风险之间存在非线性关系。少量或偶尔摄入的风险最低。在男性中,适量摄入会轻微增加房颤风险,而在女性中,只有大量摄入才会显著增加房颤风险。这些发现支持限制饮酒以降低房颤风险,并强调需要进一步的性别分层研究和考虑性别特异性建议。注册:该网络荟萃分析是一项针对酒精导致的健康和社会危害的综述的拆分性综述,注册号为PROSPERO ID442338。
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引用次数: 0
A Scalable Sampling Approach for Artificial Intelligence-Based Alcohol Content Estimation in Movies 基于人工智能的电影中酒精含量估计的可扩展采样方法。
IF 2.6 3区 医学 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE Pub Date : 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1111/dar.70098
Samatha Pararath Salim, Zhen He, Emmanuel Kuntsche, Joshua Millward, Benjamin Riordan

Introduction

The growing accessibility of movies through streaming platforms has expanded audience reach, but also increases exposure to alcohol portrayals, which is an established risk factor for alcohol use. Hence, estimating alcohol depictions is important yet challenging due to the time and labor involved. Artificial Intelligence offers a scalable solution for analysing movie frames; however, processing every frame of a full-length movie at 25 frames per second (fps) requires extensive computational resources. Thus, we aimed to test whether lower-frequency sampling would affect the accuracy of alcohol exposure estimates.

Methods

We analysed 20 feature-length movies with varying known alcohol visibility and analysed each frame using zero-shot predictions from a LLaVA v1.6 model (accuracy = 95%) as our baseline. We applied uniform downsampling from 25 fps (full-framerate) to 1 fps and sparse interval sampling of 1 frame per N seconds (N = 1,2,…,10), measuring both alcohol-proportion estimates and execution time. To assess the sampling-induced error, we computed the difference score, as the difference between sampled and full-frame alcohol proportions.

Results

A sampling frequency of 1 fps yielded an average difference score below 0.10 compared to the full-frame analysis, while reducing execution time by 25-fold. Error increased at sparser intervals, reaching a difference score of 0.46 at one frame per 10 s.

Discussion and Conclusion

Reducing the sampling frequency from 25 to 1 fps resulted in only a minimal loss of accuracy but a substantial reduction in execution time. This finding supports 1 fps as a practical and scalable sampling frequency for large-scale movie alcohol exposure estimation.

导读:越来越多的人可以通过流媒体平台观看电影,这扩大了观众的覆盖面,但也增加了人们对酒精形象的接触,这是饮酒的一个既定风险因素。因此,估计酒精的描绘是很重要的,但由于涉及时间和劳动,具有挑战性。人工智能为分析电影帧提供了可扩展的解决方案;然而,以每秒25帧(fps)的速度处理全长电影的每一帧需要大量的计算资源。因此,我们的目的是测试低频采样是否会影响酒精暴露估计的准确性。方法:我们分析了20部已知酒精能见度不同的长片电影,并使用来自LLaVA v1.6模型的零镜头预测(准确率= 95%)作为基线分析了每一帧。我们应用了从25 fps(全帧率)到1 fps的均匀降采样和每N秒1帧的稀疏间隔采样(N = 1,2,…,10),测量酒精比例估计值和执行时间。为了评估采样引起的误差,我们计算了差异分数,即采样和全框酒精比例之间的差异。结果:与全帧分析相比,1 fps的采样频率产生的平均差异得分低于0.10,同时将执行时间减少了25倍。误差以更稀疏的间隔增加,在每10秒一帧时达到0.46的差值。讨论和结论:将采样频率从25 fps降低到1 fps只会导致最小的准确性损失,但会大大减少执行时间。这一发现支持1 fps作为大规模电影酒精曝光估计的实用和可扩展的采样频率。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Wine Label Imagery: Eye-Tracking Evidence and Regulatory Implications 酒标图像的影响:眼动追踪证据和监管意义。
IF 2.6 3区 医学 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1111/dar.70094
Olivier Droulers, Arnaud Bigoin Gagnan, Sophie Lacoste-Badie

Introduction

The visual design of alcohol beverage packaging plays a crucial role in shaping consumer perceptions and purchase decisions, yet regulations in many countries are relatively lax. Guidelines often focus on the inclusion of health warnings rather than overall label or packaging design, giving producers considerable freedom. In recent years, wine manufacturers have increasingly featured images on their labels that are unrelated to the product, most notably animals such as mammals, birds and insects, a strategy likely intended to exploit attentional bias. The present study examines how such imagery on wine labels influences consumer attention and memorisation.

Methods

A within-subject experimental design was conducted with 93 participants, each exposed to two conditions: wine labels that feature either animals or inanimate objects. Attention was measured using an eye-tracking method in a laboratory setting at a French university. Each participant viewed 16 different wine bottles, resulting in 1488 observations. After exposure, label recognition was assessed via a declarative method.

Results

Wine labels featuring animals captured attention more rapidly, sustained attention for longer and were better recognised than labels featuring inanimate objects.

Discussion and Conclusions

The findings suggest that, beyond mandating health warnings on alcohol packaging, policymakers should consider stricter regulations on the visual content of labels to limit the persuasive power of alcohol marketing.

导言:酒精饮料包装的视觉设计在塑造消费者的认知和购买决策中起着至关重要的作用,但在许多国家的法规相对宽松。指导方针往往侧重于健康警告的内容,而不是整个标签或包装设计,这给了生产者相当大的自由。近年来,葡萄酒制造商越来越多地在标签上印上与产品无关的图片,最明显的是哺乳动物、鸟类和昆虫等动物,这种策略可能是为了利用注意力偏见。本研究考察了葡萄酒标签上的这些图像如何影响消费者的注意力和记忆。方法:对93名参与者进行了受试者内实验设计,每个参与者都暴露在两种条件下:以动物或无生命物体为特征的葡萄酒标签。注意力是在法国一所大学的实验室里用眼动追踪法测量的。每个参与者观看了16个不同的酒瓶,产生了1488个观察结果。暴露后,通过声明性方法评估标签识别。结果:以动物为特征的葡萄酒标签比以无生命物体为特征的标签更能迅速吸引人们的注意力,持续的注意力也更长,而且更易被识别。讨论与结论:研究结果表明,除了强制要求酒精包装上的健康警告外,政策制定者还应考虑对标签的视觉内容进行更严格的监管,以限制酒精营销的说服力。
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引用次数: 0
Cross-Cultural Evaluation of the Alcohol Relapse Risk Scale in an Australian Inpatient Setting 澳大利亚住院患者酒精复发风险量表的跨文化评价
IF 2.6 3区 医学 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1111/dar.70093
Shijia Winson Lu, Kaniz Fatema, Gilbert Whitton, Daniel Dutkiewicz, Anna Tran, Peter McCaul, Mark Hardy, Iftikhar Ahmad

Introduction

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) remains a leading cause of preventable disease burden globally, with relapse following inpatient withdrawal a persistent challenge. The Alcohol Relapse Risk Scale (ARRS), developed in Japan, is a validated tool designed to assess relapse risk. This study aimed to evaluate its applicability in an Australian inpatient context.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted across two sites within South Western Sydney Local Health District (SWSLHD): the Withdrawal Management Unit and a Hospital Consultation-Liaison Service. A total of 101 patients with AUD completed the ARRS following informed consent. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's α. Predictive validity was analysed using Pearson's correlation, logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Results

Participants were predominantly middle-aged males with high daily alcohol intake (~20 standard drinks). The ARRS demonstrated strong overall internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.86). The Positive Expectancy subscale recorded the highest scores, particularly beliefs about alcohol alleviating loneliness. The Craving and Availability subscale had the lowest scores, possibly due to stigma or framing. The Negative Emotion subscale showed poor reliability (α = 0.467). Among 64 participants followed up at 4 weeks, relapse was significantly associated with higher scores on the Insight Into Mental Conditions subscale. A cutoff score of 71.5 yielded reasonable sensitivity (0.8) but low specificity (0.42).

Discussion and Conclusions

The ARRS is a promising tool for assessing relapse risk in Australian inpatient settings. Its multidimensional structure supports its clinical utility, though further validation and cultural adaptation are recommended for broader application.

酒精使用障碍(AUD)仍然是全球可预防疾病负担的主要原因,住院停药后复发是一个持续的挑战。日本开发的酒精复发风险量表(ARRS)是一种评估复发风险的有效工具。本研究旨在评估其在澳大利亚住院患者背景下的适用性。方法:横断面研究在西南悉尼地方卫生区(SWSLHD)的两个地点进行:戒断管理单位和医院咨询联络服务。共有101名AUD患者在知情同意后完成了ARRS。采用Cronbach’s α评价内部一致性。采用Pearson相关、logistic回归和受试者工作特征曲线分析分析预测效度。结果:参与者主要是每日酒精摄入量高(约20标准饮料)的中年男性。ARRS表现出较强的整体内部一致性(Cronbach’s α = 0.86)。积极期望子量表得分最高,尤其是相信酒精能减轻孤独感。渴望和可得性子量表得分最低,可能是由于耻辱或框架。负性情绪量表信度较差(α = 0.467)。在随访4周的64名参与者中,复发与更高的精神状况量表得分显著相关。临界值为71.5,敏感性为0.8,但特异性较低(0.42)。讨论和结论:ARRS是评估澳大利亚住院患者复发风险的一个很有前途的工具。其多维结构支持其临床应用,但建议进一步验证和文化适应更广泛的应用。
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引用次数: 0
Defining Public Amenity and Related Concepts in the Drug Consumption Room Literature: A Scoping Review 界定公共舒适及相关概念在药用室文献:一个范围回顾。
IF 2.6 3区 医学 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1111/dar.70097
Bianca Whiteside, Paul M. Dietze, Amanda Roxburgh, Fiona H. McKay, Matthew Dunn

Issues

Drug consumption rooms (DCR) are implemented in part to reduce the impacts of active drug markets in their immediate vicinity. This scoping review sought to document the concepts and indicators used to describe the impact of DCRs on the nearby neighbourhood.

Approach

We conducted a scoping review of peer-reviewed and grey literature, focusing on evaluations of DCRs and related neighbourhood impacts. Articles were included if they contained research looking at operational DCRs and their impact on the surrounding neighbourhood, available in full text and in English. Four databases (Medline, Embase, SocIndex and Scopus) were searched in October 2023. Grey literature was searched using the Google Scholar search engine.

Key Findings

621 publications were identified and screened; after title and abstract and full text screening, 15 articles explicitly discussing neighbourhood impacts were included. Studies were predominately conducted in Australia (33%, n = 5) and Canada (27%, n = 4). When discussing neighbourhood impacts, concepts ‘public amenity’ (33%, n = 5) and ‘public order’ (27%, n = 4) were favoured. Drug-related variables including ‘public injecting’ (93%, n = 14) and ‘publicly discarded needle/syringe’ (87%, n = 13) were largely used to measure the impact of DCRs on these neighbourhoods.

Implications and Conclusion

Concepts describing impacts of DCRs on surrounding neighbourhoods are inconsistently used in DCR literature. Research shows increased support for DCRs when improvements in neighbourhood amenity are evident. We propose the consistent use of the concept drug-related public amenity, defined as measurable indicators of public drug use and publicly discarded drug-related litter that affect the cleanliness, safety and accessibility of shared spaces.

问题:实施药物消费室(DCR)的部分目的是减少其附近活跃药物市场的影响。这一范围审查力求记录用于描述社区住区对附近社区影响的概念和指标。方法:我们对同行评议的文献和灰色文献进行了范围审查,重点是对dcr和相关社区影响的评估。如果文章包含了对可操作的dcr及其对周围社区的影响的研究,则将其纳入,并提供全文和英文版本。在2023年10月检索了Medline、Embase、SocIndex和Scopus四个数据库。使用b谷歌Scholar搜索引擎搜索灰色文献。主要发现:确定并筛选了621份出版物;经过标题、摘要和全文筛选,纳入了15篇明确讨论邻里影响的文章。研究主要在澳大利亚(33%,n = 5)和加拿大(27%,n = 4)进行。在讨论社区影响时,“公共舒适”(33%,n = 5)和“公共秩序”(27%,n = 4)的概念更受欢迎。与毒品相关的变量,包括“公共注射”(93%,n = 14)和“公共丢弃的针头/注射器”(87%,n = 13),主要用于衡量dcr对这些社区的影响。含义和结论:描述DCR对周围社区影响的概念在DCR文献中使用不一致。研究表明,当社区环境改善明显时,对dcr的支持就会增加。我们建议统一使用毒品相关公共设施的概念,将其定义为公共吸毒和公共丢弃的毒品相关垃圾的可测量指标,这些指标会影响共享空间的清洁度、安全性和可达性。
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引用次数: 0
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Drug and alcohol review
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