Drug and alcohol review最新文献

{"title":"Cannabis Marketing Restrictions and Exposure to Cannabis Marketing in Legal US Cannabis Markets: Findings From the International Cannabis Policy Study","authors":"Lauren Winfield-Ward,&nbsp;Elle Wadsworth,&nbsp;Pete Driezen,&nbsp;David Hammond","doi":"10.1111/dar.70106","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.70106","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A growing number of US states have legalised adult ‘recreational’ cannabis. Restrictions on advertising and promotions are a key component of cannabis regulations in legal markets; however, there is little evidence on the impact of restrictions. This study examines differences in cannabis marketing exposure by the strength of marketing restrictions among US states with legal recreational sales.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data are from the International Cannabis Policy Study: repeated cross-sectional surveys conducted annually (2018–2023) with 99,132 respondents aged 16–65. The ‘strength’ of marketing restrictions was measured using regulatory documents in 20 states with legal recreational cannabis sales. Adjusted mixed effects logistic regression models were fitted to analyse differences in past-12 month noticing of cannabis marketing by the strength of marketing restrictions overall and within specific marketing channels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>People in states with low and moderate strength marketing restrictions reported similar exposure to cannabis marketing (61.4% and 61.8%, respectively). Compared to those with moderate strength restrictions, people in states with the highest strength restrictions reported the lowest exposure (53.4%: <i>p</i> = 0.037), with no significant differences for states with low strength restrictions (<i>p</i> = 0.067). Comprehensive restrictions on marketing via billboards and posters, and at sports events were associated with reductions in reported exposure to these channels. Cannabis marketing exposure was highest among people below the minimum legal age (16–20 years old; 63.0%: <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Stronger regulations may reduce exposure to marketing in states with recreational cannabis markets; however, existing regulations appear to be inadequate to prevent advertising and promotions from reaching young people.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12839791/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146050822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding Access to Addiction Medicine Specialist Care in Regional New South Wales, Australia Through Telehealth","authors":"Clare S. Smylie,&nbsp;Carl I. Moller,&nbsp;Lucy McWilliams,&nbsp;Brendan Clifford,&nbsp;Liam Acheson,&nbsp;Mark Chambers,&nbsp;Krista J. Siefried,&nbsp;Jonathan Brett,&nbsp;Anthony Shakeshaft,&nbsp;Darren M. Roberts,&nbsp;Clare Corliss,&nbsp;Jane Rich,&nbsp;Scott C. Clark,&nbsp;Robyn Manzie,&nbsp;Adrian Dunlop,&nbsp;Bronte Speirs,&nbsp;Frances Kay-Lambkin,&nbsp;Nadine Ezard","doi":"10.1111/dar.70101","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.70101","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Australians in regional areas face substantial barriers accessing alcohol and other drug specialist medical care. This study observed a newly implemented telehealth model of public addiction medicine specialist care, the TeleHUB model, in two regional New South Wales (NSW), Australia Local Health Districts: Murrumbidgee and Western NSW. A shared-care approach was employed; a metropolitan hospital (St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney) acted as a central coordinating service for providing additional (Murrumbidgee, commencing August 2019) or fly-in-fly-out replacement (Western NSW, commencing February 2021) telehealth consultations by an addiction medicine specialist, while local services provided in-person support.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Interrupted time series analysis examining changes in monthly scheduled appointments with an addiction medicine specialist were conducted using retrospective administrative data pre- and post-TeleHUB implementation. Data were collected for Murrumbidgee from October 2016 to March 2022 and for Western NSW from July 2016 to March 2022. Qualitative semi-structured interviews examining staff and client acceptability of the model were conducted across participating sites.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Monthly scheduled consultations post-TeleHUB implementation increased compared to pre-implementation in Murrumbidgee (16.6 per month, 95% confidence interval 4.0–37.9; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) but there was no evidence of such an increase in Western NSW. Qualitatively, clients and staff reported telehealth reduced client anxiety and increased service accessibility.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The TeleHUB model has the potential to improve and maintain service accessibility in addiction medicine specialist healthcare. This model could strengthen local services by providing additional specialist appointments and further support to local services through reduction of travel time and costs associated with fly-in-fly-out models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12834616/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146050854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Risks of Nitazene-Adulterated Vapes in Australia: Balancing Regulation, Access and Harm Reduction","authors":"James Martin,&nbsp;Jennifer L. Schumann","doi":"10.1111/dar.70081","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.70081","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146046220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traces of Use: Uncovering Drug Use Insights From Paraphernalia Analysis","authors":"Emma L. Keller,&nbsp;Brock Peake,&nbsp;Bradley S. Simpson,&nbsp;Marie Longo,&nbsp;Jason M. White,&nbsp;Cobus Gerber","doi":"10.1111/dar.70105","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.70105","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The residue analysis of disposed paraphernalia from people who inject drugs is a novel way to discern drug taking behaviours. This study aimed to investigate the presence of conventional and novel psychoactive substances (NPS) in drug paraphernalia in South Australia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Drug paraphernalia were collected in November and December 2024 from sharps disposal bins at three needle and syringe program locations. A total of 300 items of paraphernalia were taken from bins, including syringes, bags, drug storage vials/containers and filters. The items were rinsed with methanol, the solvent filtered and prepared for analysis using a Sciex 6500 + QTrap liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) and detections confirmed using authentic reference materials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A high proportion of paraphernalia contained methamphetamine (61%) and/or heroin (38%). A majority (57%) of the items analysed contained 2 or more drugs. In total, 14 different NPS were detected across 46 items of paraphernalia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The large number of paraphernalia items that had multiple drugs detected was likely an indication of polysubstance use. Residue analysis of drug paraphernalia is an objective approach to complement those currently used to ascertain drug trends, which strengthens harm reduction and public health responses to drug use. This study shows that drug residue analysis is feasible, non-invasive and effective, providing a near-real time approach to monitor the appearance of high potency NPS and other drugs being consumed, and determining trends in conventional substance use by people who inject drugs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12831012/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146040633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome and Commencement of Opioid Dependence Treatment Following Chronic Use of a Vaping Product Containing Protonitazene: Case Report","authors":"Daniel Dutkiewicz,&nbsp;Hester Wilson,&nbsp;Thanjira Jiranantakan,&nbsp;Peter Chisholm,&nbsp;Kaniz Fatema,&nbsp;Mark Hardy","doi":"10.1111/dar.70104","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.70104","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nitazenes, benzimidazole synthetic potent opioid μ-receptor agonists, have been implicated in increased risk for opioid toxicity. Subtypes of nitazenes, including protonitazene, have been recently detected in multiple overdose cases in Australia. We describe a case report of protonitazene dependence, inpatient withdrawal management and induction onto opioid dependence treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case Presentation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 22-year-old man with no significant medical history presented to a metropolitan emergency department in opioid withdrawal after regular vaping of a product sold as cannabinoids. He required higher than expected buprenorphine doses and other standard treatment including diazepam and olanzapine to manage opioid withdrawal. Blood and urine samples taken in the emergency department later tested positive for protonitazene. Analysis of the vaping liquid was only positive for protonitazene. He was discharged for outpatient follow-up to later receive a 300 mg subcutaneous buprenorphine monthly injection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This case describes the clinical presentation of dependence, withdrawal and buprenorphine induction for opioid dependence due to chronic protonitazene vaping. Future research may help guide optimal doses of buprenorphine to manage nitazene withdrawal. Vaping devices have increased in popularity, especially amongst youth, which poses public health risks to the community if adulterated with other substances. Detection of nitazenes currently requires specialised laboratories. Protonitazene withdrawal management was complex in this case report. Youth are at risk of harms in vaping products adulterated with other substances, including nitazenes. State-wide toxicosurveillance programs, such as the NSW PRISE program, are essential for coordinating detection, clinical management and community awareness of nitazenes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146040607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol Consumption and Atrial Fibrillation Risk: An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Network Meta-Analysis","authors":"MohammadHossein Hadi,&nbsp;Sanjib Saha,&nbsp;Dennis Petrie,&nbsp;Maame Esi Woode,&nbsp;Ulf-Göran Gerdtham","doi":"10.1111/dar.70089","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.70089","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Issues</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although alcohol consumption is linked to atrial fibrillation (AF), the relationship across different intake levels and between sexes remains unclear. This study presents the first network meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies bringing greater precision to these associations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Approach</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic review identified five meta-analyses on alcohol and AF risk. From these, 13 cohort studies totalling over 80 million person-years were included in a random-effects network meta-analysis, including sex-stratified analyses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Key Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared to low-level consumption (&lt; 12 g/day), moderate intake (12–&lt; 24 g/day) slightly increased AF risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–1.10), similar at 24–&lt; 36 g/day (HR = 1.09; 95% CI 1.00–1.20). No significant risk increase was observed for 36–&lt; 60 g/day. Heavy consumption (≥ 60 g/day) showed the highest risk (HR = 2.84; 95% CI 1.57–5.14). Non-drinkers (‘Former’, ‘Never’ or ‘Occasional’) had HRs near 1, except ‘None’, which showed a slight increase (HR = 1.08; 95% CI 1.04–1.11).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In males, moderate consumption increased AF risk slightly, while heavy intake had a more pronounced effect (HR = 1.49; 95% CI 1.22–1.81). In females, moderate intake had no significant effect, but heavy intake significantly increased risk (HR = 2.53; 95% CI 1.05–6.08).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This network meta-analysis shows a nonlinear relationship between alcohol consumption and AF risk. Low-level or occasional intake poses the lowest risk. In males, moderate consumption slightly increases AF risk, while in females, risk rises substantially only with heavy intake. These findings support limiting alcohol consumption to reduce AF risk and highlight the need for further sex-stratified studies and consideration of sex-specific recommendations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Registration</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This network meta-analysis is a split review of an overview of reviews examining alcohol-attributable health and social harms, registered under PROSPERO ID442338.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146003308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Scalable Sampling Approach for Artificial Intelligence-Based Alcohol Content Estimation in Movies","authors":"Samatha Pararath Salim,&nbsp;Zhen He,&nbsp;Emmanuel Kuntsche,&nbsp;Joshua Millward,&nbsp;Benjamin Riordan","doi":"10.1111/dar.70098","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.70098","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The growing accessibility of movies through streaming platforms has expanded audience reach, but also increases exposure to alcohol portrayals, which is an established risk factor for alcohol use. Hence, estimating alcohol depictions is important yet challenging due to the time and labor involved. Artificial Intelligence offers a scalable solution for analysing movie frames; however, processing every frame of a full-length movie at 25 frames per second (fps) requires extensive computational resources. Thus, we aimed to test whether lower-frequency sampling would affect the accuracy of alcohol exposure estimates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analysed 20 feature-length movies with varying known alcohol visibility and analysed each frame using zero-shot predictions from a LLaVA v1.6 model (accuracy = 95%) as our baseline. We applied uniform downsampling from 25 fps (full-framerate) to 1 fps and sparse interval sampling of 1 frame per N seconds (<i>N</i> = 1,2,…,10), measuring both alcohol-proportion estimates and execution time. To assess the sampling-induced error, we computed the difference score, as the difference between sampled and full-frame alcohol proportions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A sampling frequency of 1 fps yielded an average difference score below 0.10 compared to the full-frame analysis, while reducing execution time by 25-fold. Error increased at sparser intervals, reaching a difference score of 0.46 at one frame per 10 s.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Reducing the sampling frequency from 25 to 1 fps resulted in only a minimal loss of accuracy but a substantial reduction in execution time. This finding supports 1 fps as a practical and scalable sampling frequency for large-scale movie alcohol exposure estimation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145997642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Wine Label Imagery: Eye-Tracking Evidence and Regulatory Implications","authors":"Olivier Droulers,&nbsp;Arnaud Bigoin Gagnan,&nbsp;Sophie Lacoste-Badie","doi":"10.1111/dar.70094","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.70094","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The visual design of alcohol beverage packaging plays a crucial role in shaping consumer perceptions and purchase decisions, yet regulations in many countries are relatively lax. Guidelines often focus on the inclusion of health warnings rather than overall label or packaging design, giving producers considerable freedom. In recent years, wine manufacturers have increasingly featured images on their labels that are unrelated to the product, most notably animals such as mammals, birds and insects, a strategy likely intended to exploit attentional bias. The present study examines how such imagery on wine labels influences consumer attention and memorisation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A within-subject experimental design was conducted with 93 participants, each exposed to two conditions: wine labels that feature either animals or inanimate objects. Attention was measured using an eye-tracking method in a laboratory setting at a French university. Each participant viewed 16 different wine bottles, resulting in 1488 observations. After exposure, label recognition was assessed via a declarative method.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Wine labels featuring animals captured attention more rapidly, sustained attention for longer and were better recognised than labels featuring inanimate objects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings suggest that, beyond mandating health warnings on alcohol packaging, policymakers should consider stricter regulations on the visual content of labels to limit the persuasive power of alcohol marketing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12801100/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145964998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-Cultural Evaluation of the Alcohol Relapse Risk Scale in an Australian Inpatient Setting","authors":"Shijia Winson Lu,&nbsp;Kaniz Fatema,&nbsp;Gilbert Whitton,&nbsp;Daniel Dutkiewicz,&nbsp;Anna Tran,&nbsp;Peter McCaul,&nbsp;Mark Hardy,&nbsp;Iftikhar Ahmad","doi":"10.1111/dar.70093","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.70093","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alcohol use disorder (AUD) remains a leading cause of preventable disease burden globally, with relapse following inpatient withdrawal a persistent challenge. The Alcohol Relapse Risk Scale (ARRS), developed in Japan, is a validated tool designed to assess relapse risk. This study aimed to evaluate its applicability in an Australian inpatient context.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted across two sites within South Western Sydney Local Health District (SWSLHD): the Withdrawal Management Unit and a Hospital Consultation-Liaison Service. A total of 101 patients with AUD completed the ARRS following informed consent. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's <i>α</i>. Predictive validity was analysed using Pearson's correlation, logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants were predominantly middle-aged males with high daily alcohol intake (~20 standard drinks). The ARRS demonstrated strong overall internal consistency (Cronbach's <i>α</i> = 0.86). The Positive Expectancy subscale recorded the highest scores, particularly beliefs about alcohol alleviating loneliness. The Craving and Availability subscale had the lowest scores, possibly due to stigma or framing. The Negative Emotion subscale showed poor reliability (<i>α</i> = 0.467). Among 64 participants followed up at 4 weeks, relapse was significantly associated with higher scores on the Insight Into Mental Conditions subscale. A cutoff score of 71.5 yielded reasonable sensitivity (0.8) but low specificity (0.42).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The ARRS is a promising tool for assessing relapse risk in Australian inpatient settings. Its multidimensional structure supports its clinical utility, though further validation and cultural adaptation are recommended for broader application.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145964641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining Public Amenity and Related Concepts in the Drug Consumption Room Literature: A Scoping Review","authors":"Bianca Whiteside,&nbsp;Paul M. Dietze,&nbsp;Amanda Roxburgh,&nbsp;Fiona H. McKay,&nbsp;Matthew Dunn","doi":"10.1111/dar.70097","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.70097","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Issues</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Drug consumption rooms (DCR) are implemented in part to reduce the impacts of active drug markets in their immediate vicinity. This scoping review sought to document the concepts and indicators used to describe the impact of DCRs on the nearby neighbourhood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Approach</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a scoping review of peer-reviewed and grey literature, focusing on evaluations of DCRs and related neighbourhood impacts. Articles were included if they contained research looking at operational DCRs and their impact on the surrounding neighbourhood, available in full text and in English. Four databases (Medline, Embase, SocIndex and Scopus) were searched in October 2023. Grey literature was searched using the Google Scholar search engine.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Key Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>621 publications were identified and screened; after title and abstract and full text screening, 15 articles explicitly discussing neighbourhood impacts were included. Studies were predominately conducted in Australia (33%, <i>n</i> = 5) and Canada (27%, <i>n</i> = 4). When discussing neighbourhood impacts, concepts ‘public amenity’ (33%, <i>n</i> = 5) and ‘public order’ (27%, <i>n</i> = 4) were favoured. Drug-related variables including ‘public injecting’ (93%, <i>n</i> = 14) and ‘publicly discarded needle/syringe’ (87%, <i>n</i> = 13) were largely used to measure the impact of DCRs on these neighbourhoods.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Implications and Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Concepts describing impacts of DCRs on surrounding neighbourhoods are inconsistently used in DCR literature. Research shows increased support for DCRs when improvements in neighbourhood amenity are evident. We propose the consistent use of the concept <i>drug-related public amenity</i>, defined as measurable indicators of public drug use and publicly discarded drug-related litter that affect the cleanliness, safety and accessibility of shared spaces.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145964960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}