Clare Farmer, Nicholas Taylor, Ryan Baldwin, Peter G. Miller
Introduction
Police-issued barring notices are currently used in Western Australia in response to alcohol-related disorderly and anti-social behaviour. This paper examines the type, severity and trajectory of the offending behaviours associated with served barring notices.
Method
WA Police Force de-identified the data for 3815 individuals who had received one or more police-imposed barring notice/s between 2011 and 2020. The offence category associated with each barring notice was examined to explore the overall breakdown and whether/how offending categories change for recipients of subsequent barring notices.
Results
For single and multiple barring notice recipients, the most common offence categories were fighting/physical violence and public order offences. Within a subset of the data, non-anti-social offences also spiked. Aggressive behaviours predominate for recipients in metropolitan areas, compared with public order offences in regional locations.
Discussion and Conclusions
For recipients of multiple barring notices, behaviours do not become more serious but neither do they moderate to any notable extent. The low number of repeat barring notices (5%) may suggest an overall beneficial effect on recipient behaviours but more analysis is needed to examine the potential confounding effects of factors, such as fly-in/fly-out workers, policing and locational differences.
{"title":"Police-issued barring notices in Western Australia: An analysis of the type, seriousness and trajectory of associated offences","authors":"Clare Farmer, Nicholas Taylor, Ryan Baldwin, Peter G. Miller","doi":"10.1111/dar.13916","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.13916","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Police-issued barring notices are currently used in Western Australia in response to alcohol-related disorderly and anti-social behaviour. This paper examines the type, severity and trajectory of the offending behaviours associated with served barring notices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>WA Police Force de-identified the data for 3815 individuals who had received one or more police-imposed barring notice/s between 2011 and 2020. The offence category associated with each barring notice was examined to explore the overall breakdown and whether/how offending categories change for recipients of subsequent barring notices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For single and multiple barring notice recipients, the most common offence categories were fighting/physical violence and public order offences. Within a subset of the data, non-anti-social offences also spiked. Aggressive behaviours predominate for recipients in metropolitan areas, compared with public order offences in regional locations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For recipients of multiple barring notices, behaviours do not become more serious but neither do they moderate to any notable extent. The low number of repeat barring notices (5%) may suggest an overall beneficial effect on recipient behaviours but more analysis is needed to examine the potential confounding effects of factors, such as fly-in/fly-out workers, policing and locational differences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"43 7","pages":"1676-1685"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dar.13916","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141792210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alcohol sponsorship of sport is associated with increased alcohol consumption. Little research to date has examined the sponsorship of sport by no- and low-alcohol (NoLo) beverage brands, despite concern that the marketing of these products might be harmful to young people. This study had dual aims: to identify sporting partnerships between NoLo beers and Australian sport, and examine marketing tactics used in social media advertising to promote these partnerships.
Methods
Our sample included NoLo beers sold online from three large Australian alcohol retailers. First, we performed a qualitative content analysis of partnerships between NoLo beers and sport using publicly available online information. We then analysed the 118 social media posts of NoLo brands linked to these partnerships using a coding framework adapted from the alcohol literature.
Results
Of 34 brands, 13 had sporting sponsorship partnerships across a range of spectator and participatory sports. Key marketing tactics identified on social media were activations, time-and event-specific drinking, influencer marketing, competitions, and corporate social responsibility. In particular, NoLo brands aim to disrupt the sports drink market by advertising their products as healthy recovery drinks, or ‘sports beers’, through activation events. Brands are also using influencer marketing and competitions, two tactics shown to be particularly persuasive for young people.
Discussion and Conclusions
NoLo beer brands strategically align with Australian sports to promote NoLo consumption. As they are classified as soft drinks in Australia, NoLo beverages are not regulated like alcohol. Future discussions around sports sponsorship and advertising regulation must consider NoLo products.
{"title":"No- and low-alcohol beer and the sponsorship of sport in Australia: An audit of sponsorship partnerships and analysis of marketing tactics","authors":"Mia Miller, Cassandra C. J. Wright","doi":"10.1111/dar.13912","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.13912","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alcohol sponsorship of sport is associated with increased alcohol consumption. Little research to date has examined the sponsorship of sport by no- and low-alcohol (NoLo) beverage brands, despite concern that the marketing of these products might be harmful to young people. This study had dual aims: to identify sporting partnerships between NoLo beers and Australian sport, and examine marketing tactics used in social media advertising to promote these partnerships.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our sample included NoLo beers sold online from three large Australian alcohol retailers. First, we performed a qualitative content analysis of partnerships between NoLo beers and sport using publicly available online information. We then analysed the 118 social media posts of NoLo brands linked to these partnerships using a coding framework adapted from the alcohol literature.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 34 brands, 13 had sporting sponsorship partnerships across a range of spectator and participatory sports. Key marketing tactics identified on social media were activations, time-and event-specific drinking, influencer marketing, competitions, and corporate social responsibility. In particular, NoLo brands aim to disrupt the sports drink market by advertising their products as healthy recovery drinks, or ‘sports beers’, through activation events. Brands are also using influencer marketing and competitions, two tactics shown to be particularly persuasive for young people.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>NoLo beer brands strategically align with Australian sports to promote NoLo consumption. As they are classified as soft drinks in Australia, NoLo beverages are not regulated like alcohol. Future discussions around sports sponsorship and advertising regulation must consider NoLo products.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"43 6","pages":"1534-1544"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dar.13912","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141792209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria Sarantou, Anne L. J. Burke, Tim Semple, Jacinta L. Johnson
Introduction
This article aims to characterise hospital admissions involving opioid toxicity across South Australia to guide future implementation and evaluation of risk mitigation strategies.
Methods
International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition codes (T40.0–T40.4) were used to identify admissions involving pre-hospital opioid toxicity in public hospitals across South Australia from 1 June 2017 to 30 August 2020. Demographic and episode of care data were extracted and summarised using descriptive statistics. Admission cost estimates were calculated using Independent Hospital Pricing Authority data.
Results
A total of 2046 cases met the criteria for inclusion; over half (56%) were female and median age on admission was 44 years (interquartile range 27 years). Where opioid toxicity was the primary diagnosis, 70% of admissions did not specify the responsible opioid and 23% were related to heroin use. One-fifth of admissions occurred outside of metropolitan Adelaide. Individuals living in an area of relative socio-economic disadvantage were over-represented. Over half of admissions required a stay >24 h; 19% were admitted for ≥5 days, 22% required intensive care and ~10% required mechanical ventilation. The total estimated cost of admissions involving opioid toxicity in South Australia over the 3-year period was $18,230,546.50, equating to $5.6 million per annum.
Discussions and Conclusions
These findings highlight the significant personal, fiscal, and systemic impacts of opioid toxicity-related hospital admissions in South Australia and provide a baseline to evaluate the effectiveness of initiatives to reduce opioid-related harm, including real-time prescription monitoring and take-home naloxone supply.
{"title":"A 3-year retrospective review of hospital admissions involving opioid toxicity in South Australia","authors":"Maria Sarantou, Anne L. J. Burke, Tim Semple, Jacinta L. Johnson","doi":"10.1111/dar.13913","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.13913","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article aims to characterise hospital admissions involving opioid toxicity across South Australia to guide future implementation and evaluation of risk mitigation strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition codes (T40.0–T40.4) were used to identify admissions involving pre-hospital opioid toxicity in public hospitals across South Australia from 1 June 2017 to 30 August 2020. Demographic and episode of care data were extracted and summarised using descriptive statistics. Admission cost estimates were calculated using Independent Hospital Pricing Authority data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 2046 cases met the criteria for inclusion; over half (56%) were female and median age on admission was 44 years (interquartile range 27 years). Where opioid toxicity was the primary diagnosis, 70% of admissions did not specify the responsible opioid and 23% were related to heroin use. One-fifth of admissions occurred outside of metropolitan Adelaide. Individuals living in an area of relative socio-economic disadvantage were over-represented. Over half of admissions required a stay >24 h; 19% were admitted for ≥5 days, 22% required intensive care and ~10% required mechanical ventilation. The total estimated cost of admissions involving opioid toxicity in South Australia over the 3-year period was $18,230,546.50, equating to $5.6 million per annum.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussions and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings highlight the significant personal, fiscal, and systemic impacts of opioid toxicity-related hospital admissions in South Australia and provide a baseline to evaluate the effectiveness of initiatives to reduce opioid-related harm, including real-time prescription monitoring and take-home naloxone supply.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"43 6","pages":"1607-1612"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141787553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martine M. Groefsema, Kirsten J. M. van Hooijdonk, Carmen V. Voogt, Hanneke Hendriks, Jacqueline M. Vink
Introduction
Alcohol-free drinks are suggested as healthy alternatives for alcohol consumption. To achieve benefits, alcohol-free beverages must be consumed as a substitute for alcoholic beverages, not in addition. This study examined in a student sample (i) the frequency/quantity of alcohol(-free) consumption; (ii) the relationship between alcohol-free and alcohol consumption; (iii) alcohol-free drinks as substitution or in addition to alcoholic drinks; and (iv) possible gender differences.
Methods
Survey data regarding alcohol(-free) consumption (May–June 2022) of Dutch university students (N = 4.318, females 70.2%; males 28.5%, average age 22.6 years [SD = 2.4]).
Results
(i) A total of 42.8% of the students indicated they had never consumed alcohol-free versus 10.1% who never consumed alcoholic beverages; (ii) the group who recently consumed alcohol-free also most often recently consumed alcoholic beverages (42.7%). The group that had never consumed alcohol-free drank on average more alcoholic beverages (M = 3.98 on a drinking day) compared to past and recent alcohol-free drinkers (respectively, M = 3.44 and M = 3.59). (iii) Most students (54.9%) reported drinking alcohol-free beverages in addition to alcohol, 17.4% indicated using it as a substitution. Students who consumed alcohol-free as ‘substitution’ were older, more often living alone or with a partner, less often living with parents and more often involved in a steady relationship compared to students who consumed in ‘addition’. (iv) No prominent gender differences were found.
Discussion and Conclusions
The majority of students remained consuming the same number of alcoholic beverages since they started consuming alcohol-free beverages, pointing to an addition effect. A small group did use alcohol-free beverages as a substitute for their alcohol consumption.
导言：无酒精饮料被建议作为酒精消费的健康替代品。无酒精饮料必须作为含酒精饮料的替代品饮用，而不是额外饮用，才能获得益处。本研究对学生样本进行了调查：(i) 无酒精饮料的消费频率/数量；(ii) 无酒精饮料与酒精消费之间的关系；(iii) 无酒精饮料是酒精饮料的替代品还是补充品；(iv) 可能存在的性别差异：结果：(i) 共有 42.8%的学生表示从未饮用过无酒精饮料，而 10.1%的学生从未饮用过含酒精饮料；(ii) 最近饮用无酒精饮料的群体最近也最常饮用含酒精饮料（42.7%）。与过去和最近不饮酒者（分别为 M = 3.44 和 M = 3.59）相比，从未饮酒者平均饮酒量更高（饮酒日 M = 3.98）。(iii) 大部分學生（54.9%）表示除飲用酒精飲品外，還會飲用不含酒精飲品， 17.4%表示會以不含酒精飲品代替酒精飲品。与 "补充 "饮用的学生相比，"替代 "饮用不含酒精饮料的学生年龄更大，更经常独居或与伴侣同住，较少与父母同住，更经常有稳定的恋爱关系。(iv) 没有发现明显的性别差异：大多数学生自开始饮用无酒精饮料以来，饮用酒精饮料的数量保持不变，这表明存在 "加量 "效应。一小部分学生确实使用无酒精饮料作为酒精消费的替代品。
{"title":"Consumption of alcohol-free and alcoholic beverages among Dutch university students: Substitution or addition?","authors":"Martine M. Groefsema, Kirsten J. M. van Hooijdonk, Carmen V. Voogt, Hanneke Hendriks, Jacqueline M. Vink","doi":"10.1111/dar.13905","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.13905","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alcohol-free drinks are suggested as healthy alternatives for alcohol consumption. To achieve benefits, alcohol-free beverages must be consumed as a substitute for alcoholic beverages, not in addition. This study examined in a student sample (i) the frequency/quantity of alcohol(-free) consumption; (ii) the relationship between alcohol-free and alcohol consumption; (iii) alcohol-free drinks as substitution or in addition to alcoholic drinks; and (iv) possible gender differences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Survey data regarding alcohol(-free) consumption (May–June 2022) of Dutch university students (<i>N</i> = 4.318, females 70.2%; males 28.5%, average age 22.6 years [<i>SD</i> = 2.4]).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>(i) A total of 42.8% of the students indicated they had <i>never</i> consumed alcohol-free versus 10.1% who <i>never</i> consumed alcoholic beverages; (ii) the group who <i>recently</i> consumed alcohol-free also most often <i>recently</i> consumed alcoholic beverages (42.7%). The group that had <i>never</i> consumed alcohol-free drank on average more alcoholic beverages (<i>M</i> = 3.98 on a drinking day) compared to <i>past</i> and <i>recent</i> alcohol-free drinkers (respectively, <i>M</i> = 3.44 and <i>M</i> = 3.59). (iii) Most students (54.9%) reported drinking alcohol-free beverages in addition to alcohol, 17.4% indicated using it as a substitution. Students who consumed alcohol-free as ‘substitution’ were older, more often living alone or with a partner, less often living with parents and more often involved in a steady relationship compared to students who consumed in ‘addition’. (iv) No prominent gender differences were found.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The majority of students remained consuming the same number of alcoholic beverages since they started consuming alcohol-free beverages, pointing to an addition effect. A small group did use alcohol-free beverages as a substitute for their alcohol consumption.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"43 6","pages":"1545-1558"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dar.13905","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141757747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
James H. Conigrave, Scott Wilson, Katherine M. Conigrave, Jimmy Perry, Noel Hayman, Tanya N. Chikritzhs, Dan Wilson, Catherine Zheng, Teagan J. Weatherall, K. S. Kylie Lee
Introduction
Contrary to stereotypes, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians are more likely to abstain from drinking than other Australians. We explored characteristics and experiences of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians who do not drink alcohol.
Method
We conducted a cross-sectional, representative survey of 775 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians (16+ years) in remote and urban South Australia. We explore correlates of not drinking alcohol using multi-level logistic regression. We describe reasons for non-drinking and harms participants experienced in past 12 months from others' drinking.
Results
Non-drinking participants were more likely to be older (OR 1.35 [95% CI 1.21, 1.50] per decade) and unemployed (OR 2.72 [95% CI 1.77, 4.20]). Participants who spoke Aboriginal Australian languages at home were three times more likely to be lifetime abstainers from drinking (OR 3.07 [95% CI 1.52, 6.21]). Common reasons for not drinking alcohol were health and family. Most did not report harms from others' alcohol consumption (79.6%, 76.9%, urban and remote respectively). Stress from others' alcohol consumption was the most reported harm by non-drinkers (14.5% and 23.1%, urban and remote, respectively).
Discussion and Conclusions
Culture such as speaking Aboriginal Australian languages might have protective effects that promote abstaining but was rarely explicitly cited as a reason for not drinking. A greater understanding of local values held by people who do not drink alcohol could help inform health messaging and other interventions to reduce alcohol-related harms. Understanding local reasons for abstaining can help tailor health messaging to suit local contexts.
导言：与刻板印象相反，澳大利亚土著居民和托雷斯海峡岛民比其他澳大利亚人更有可能戒酒。我们探讨了不饮酒的澳大利亚原住民和托雷斯海峡岛民的特点和经历：我们对南澳大利亚偏远地区和城市的 775 名澳大利亚原住民和托雷斯海峡岛民（16 岁以上）进行了横断面代表性调查。我们采用多级逻辑回归法探讨了不饮酒的相关因素。我们描述了不饮酒的原因以及参与者在过去 12 个月中因他人饮酒而受到的伤害：不饮酒的参与者更有可能年龄较大（OR 1.35 [95% CI 1.21, 1.50]/10）和失业（OR 2.72 [95% CI 1.77, 4.20]）。在家讲澳大利亚土著语言的参与者终生不饮酒的可能性是其他参与者的三倍（OR 3.07 [95% CI 1.52, 6.21]）。不饮酒的常见原因是健康和家庭。大多数人没有报告过他人饮酒造成的伤害（城市和偏远地区分别为 79.6%、76.9%）。不饮酒者报告最多的伤害是他人饮酒带来的压力（城市和偏远地区分别为 14.5%和 23.1%）：澳大利亚土著语言等文化可能具有促进戒酒的保护作用，但很少被明确作为不饮酒的原因。更深入地了解当地不饮酒者的价值观，有助于为健康信息和其他干预措施提供依据，减少酒精相关危害。了解当地人不饮酒的原因有助于因地制宜地制定健康信息。
{"title":"Countering stereotypes: Exploring the characteristics of Aboriginal Australians who do not drink alcohol in a community representative sample","authors":"James H. Conigrave, Scott Wilson, Katherine M. Conigrave, Jimmy Perry, Noel Hayman, Tanya N. Chikritzhs, Dan Wilson, Catherine Zheng, Teagan J. Weatherall, K. S. Kylie Lee","doi":"10.1111/dar.13907","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.13907","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Contrary to stereotypes, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians are more likely to abstain from drinking than other Australians. We explored characteristics and experiences of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians who do not drink alcohol.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a cross-sectional, representative survey of 775 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians (16+ years) in remote and urban South Australia. We explore correlates of not drinking alcohol using multi-level logistic regression. We describe reasons for non-drinking and harms participants experienced in past 12 months from others' drinking.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Non-drinking participants were more likely to be older (OR 1.35 [95% CI 1.21, 1.50] per decade) and unemployed (OR 2.72 [95% CI 1.77, 4.20]). Participants who spoke Aboriginal Australian languages at home were three times more likely to be lifetime abstainers from drinking (OR 3.07 [95% CI 1.52, 6.21]). Common reasons for not drinking alcohol were health and family. Most did not report harms from others' alcohol consumption (79.6%, 76.9%, urban and remote respectively). Stress from others' alcohol consumption was the most reported harm by non-drinkers (14.5% and 23.1%, urban and remote, respectively).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Culture such as speaking Aboriginal Australian languages might have protective effects that promote abstaining but was rarely explicitly cited as a reason for not drinking. A greater understanding of local values held by people who do not drink alcohol could help inform health messaging and other interventions to reduce alcohol-related harms. Understanding local reasons for abstaining can help tailor health messaging to suit local contexts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"43 6","pages":"1523-1533"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dar.13907","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141751261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura D. Robinson, Tayla J. Degan, Frank P. Deane, Peter J. Kelly
Introduction
Ongoing improvement to residential treatment for substance use disorders is critical as it typically targets people with the highest need. Assessing multiple recovery indicators, such as cravings and mental health, at intake and following discharge is important in evaluating treatment effectiveness. To refine services, research should explore whether there are subgroups of individuals with different patterns of recovery following treatment.
Methods
Participants (n = 554) were attending Australian Salvation Army residential treatment services for substance use issues. Data were collected by surveys at intake and 3-month post-discharge (‘early recovery’). Recovery indicators were cravings, confidence to resist substance use and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Subgroups of individuals based on these recovery indicators (‘profiles’) were identified using repeated measures latent profile analysis.
Results
Five profiles were identified, three profiles improved over time (81.4%) and two (18.6%) deteriorated across all indicators. These two profiles had the poorest mental health and addiction scores at intake and reported shorter time in treatment compared to the three profiles showing improvement. There were no demographic or substance type differences between profiles.
Discussion and Conclusions
By considering initial severity and multiple recovery indicators at early recovery, this study suggests that individuals at-risk of poor early recovery can be identified at intake. This opens opportunities for tailored treatment approaches to address both mental health and substance use, thereby potentially improving treatment outcomes and reducing the risk of relapse.
{"title":"Patterns of substance use recovery following residential treatment: A repeated measures latent profile analysis","authors":"Laura D. Robinson, Tayla J. Degan, Frank P. Deane, Peter J. Kelly","doi":"10.1111/dar.13904","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.13904","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ongoing improvement to residential treatment for substance use disorders is critical as it typically targets people with the highest need. Assessing multiple recovery indicators, such as cravings and mental health, at intake and following discharge is important in evaluating treatment effectiveness. To refine services, research should explore whether there are subgroups of individuals with different patterns of recovery following treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants (<i>n</i> = 554) were attending Australian Salvation Army residential treatment services for substance use issues. Data were collected by surveys at intake and 3-month post-discharge (‘early recovery’). Recovery indicators were cravings, confidence to resist substance use and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Subgroups of individuals based on these recovery indicators (‘profiles’) were identified using repeated measures latent profile analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Five profiles were identified, three profiles improved over time (81.4%) and two (18.6%) deteriorated across all indicators. These two profiles had the poorest mental health and addiction scores at intake and reported shorter time in treatment compared to the three profiles showing improvement. There were no demographic or substance type differences between profiles.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>By considering initial severity and multiple recovery indicators at early recovery, this study suggests that individuals at-risk of poor early recovery can be identified at intake. This opens opportunities for tailored treatment approaches to address both mental health and substance use, thereby potentially improving treatment outcomes and reducing the risk of relapse.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"43 7","pages":"1985-1996"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dar.13904","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141751262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taisia Huckle, Helen Moewaka Barnes, Jose S. Romeo
Introduction
To assesses the alcohol-related burden of child maltreatment among Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand. We compared the risk of child maltreatment among Māori (0–17 years) exposed to parents with alcohol-related hospitalisation or mental health/addiction service use. We also conducted a sensitivity analysis to estimate the number of cases of maltreatment that could be attributed to alcohol among Māori.
Methods
A cohort study of 16,617 Māori aged 0–17 and their parents from 2000 to 2017 was conducted using the Statistics New Zealand Integrated Data Infrastructure. A Bayesian piecewise exponential model estimated the risk of time to first child maltreatment event. This analysis used data from child protection, hospital, mortality and police records, and specifically focused on the risk associated with exposure to parents with an alcohol-attributable hospitalisation or mental health/addiction service use event. Potential confounders for both parents and Māori (0–17 years) were included. We calculated a population-attributable fraction to estimate the proportion of maltreatment cases that could be attributed to alcohol in 2017.
Results
Results showed a 65% increased risk for young Māori exposed to parents with heavy alcohol use. We estimated 17% of substantiated child maltreatment among Māori could be attributed to parental hazardous alcohol consumption.
Discussion and Conclusions
Severe or hazardous alcohol consumption among parents is a risk factor for child maltreatment among Māori. Māori alcohol consumption and harm are symptomatic of wider inequities related, among other things, to the ongoing effects of colonisation, as well as gaps in the regulation of alcohol sales.
导言：目的：评估新西兰奥特亚罗瓦毛利人中与酒精有关的儿童虐待负担。我们比较了毛利人（0-17岁）因父母酗酒住院或使用精神健康/成瘾服务而遭受虐待的风险。我们还进行了一项敏感性分析，以估计毛利人中可归因于酒精的虐待案例数量：我们利用新西兰统计局综合数据基础设施（Statistics New Zealand Integrated Data Infrastructure）对2000年至2017年期间的16617名0-17岁毛利人及其父母进行了一项队列研究。贝叶斯片断指数模型估算了儿童首次遭受虐待的时间风险。该分析使用了来自儿童保护、医院、死亡率和警方记录的数据，并特别关注与父母因酗酒住院或使用精神健康/成瘾服务事件相关的风险。父母和毛利人（0-17 岁）的潜在混杂因素都包括在内。我们计算了人口可归因部分，以估计2017年可归因于酒精的虐待病例比例：结果显示，父母严重酗酒的毛利青少年遭受虐待的风险增加了65%。我们估计，在毛利人中，17%经证实的虐待儿童事件可归因于父母酗酒：讨论与结论：父母酗酒或严重酗酒是毛利人虐待儿童的一个危险因素。毛利人的酒精消费和伤害是更广泛的不平等的表现，除其他外，这与殖民化的持续影响以及酒精销售监管方面的差距有关。
{"title":"Estimating the alcohol-related burden of child maltreatment among Māori in Aotearoa, New Zealand","authors":"Taisia Huckle, Helen Moewaka Barnes, Jose S. Romeo","doi":"10.1111/dar.13906","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.13906","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assesses the alcohol-related burden of child maltreatment among Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand. We compared the risk of child maltreatment among Māori (0–17 years) exposed to parents with alcohol-related hospitalisation or mental health/addiction service use. We also conducted a sensitivity analysis to estimate the number of cases of maltreatment that could be attributed to alcohol among Māori.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cohort study of 16,617 Māori aged 0–17 and their parents from 2000 to 2017 was conducted using the Statistics New Zealand Integrated Data Infrastructure. A Bayesian piecewise exponential model estimated the risk of time to first child maltreatment event. This analysis used data from child protection, hospital, mortality and police records, and specifically focused on the risk associated with exposure to parents with an alcohol-attributable hospitalisation or mental health/addiction service use event. Potential confounders for both parents and Māori (0–17 years) were included. We calculated a population-attributable fraction to estimate the proportion of maltreatment cases that could be attributed to alcohol in 2017.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results showed a 65% increased risk for young Māori exposed to parents with heavy alcohol use. We estimated 17% of substantiated child maltreatment among Māori could be attributed to parental hazardous alcohol consumption.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Severe or hazardous alcohol consumption among parents is a risk factor for child maltreatment among Māori. Māori alcohol consumption and harm are symptomatic of wider inequities related, among other things, to the ongoing effects of colonisation, as well as gaps in the regulation of alcohol sales.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"43 6","pages":"1473-1482"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dar.13906","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141733791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sara Brolin Låftman, Viveca Östberg, Joakim Wahlström, Mats Ramstedt, Jonas Raninen
Introduction
Previous research has shown associations between parental problem drinking and adverse mental health outcomes in children. However, while many studies assess parental alcohol problems based on clinical measures, longitudinal studies that investigate the impact of potentially less severe levels of parental alcohol problems are scarce. The aim of this study was to examine if the existence and severity of child-reported parental problem drinking in adolescence is associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety in young adult men and women.
Methods
Data was obtained from the Swedish national cohort study Futura01, including 3143 participants born in 2001 who were surveyed in 2017 (age 15–16) and 2022 (age 20–21). Parental problem drinking was measured at age 15–16 with the short version of The Children of Alcoholics Screening Test. Depression and anxiety symptoms were measured at age 20–21 with the Patient Health Questionnaire-4. Registry information on gender, parental education and parental country of birth were included as covariates.
Results
The results demonstrated an exposure-response pattern, with greater severity of parental problem drinking associated with an increased probability of reporting depression and anxiety symptoms 5 years later. The association between parental problem drinking and subsequent depression symptoms was however present only in females.
Discussion and Conclusions
Adolescents exposed to parental problem drinking have elevated risks of long-term adverse mental health. These risks increase with greater severity of parental problem drinking. It is thus crucial with efforts preventing parental problem drinking and efforts promoting health among children and adolescents who are exposed.
{"title":"Exposure to parental problem drinking during adolescence and symptoms of depression and anxiety in young adulthood: A Swedish national cohort study","authors":"Sara Brolin Låftman, Viveca Östberg, Joakim Wahlström, Mats Ramstedt, Jonas Raninen","doi":"10.1111/dar.13910","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.13910","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous research has shown associations between parental problem drinking and adverse mental health outcomes in children. However, while many studies assess parental alcohol problems based on clinical measures, longitudinal studies that investigate the impact of potentially less severe levels of parental alcohol problems are scarce. The aim of this study was to examine if the existence and severity of child-reported parental problem drinking in adolescence is associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety in young adult men and women.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data was obtained from the Swedish national cohort study Futura01, including 3143 participants born in 2001 who were surveyed in 2017 (age 15–16) and 2022 (age 20–21). Parental problem drinking was measured at age 15–16 with the short version of The Children of Alcoholics Screening Test. Depression and anxiety symptoms were measured at age 20–21 with the Patient Health Questionnaire-4. Registry information on gender, parental education and parental country of birth were included as covariates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results demonstrated an exposure-response pattern, with greater severity of parental problem drinking associated with an increased probability of reporting depression and anxiety symptoms 5 years later. The association between parental problem drinking and subsequent depression symptoms was however present only in females.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adolescents exposed to parental problem drinking have elevated risks of long-term adverse mental health. These risks increase with greater severity of parental problem drinking. It is thus crucial with efforts preventing parental problem drinking and efforts promoting health among children and adolescents who are exposed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"43 6","pages":"1461-1472"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dar.13910","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141731107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robert Page, Marianne Jauncey, Jonathan Brett, Will Wood, Amanda Roxburgh
Introduction
The Sydney Medically Supervised Injecting Centre provides a safe, non-judgemental space where people can inject pre-obtained substances under the supervision of trained staff. This article describes an unusual incident occurring at the Medically Supervised Injecting Centre in January 2023.
Case Presentation
Two regular male clients attending the Medically Supervised Injecting Centre injected a substance they believed to be cocaine. Both clients experienced adverse reactions; one was transported to hospital, while the other became extremely distressed and agitated. Paraphernalia sent for testing returned a result of tiletamine (a dissociative used in veterinary medicine) and no cocaine, 30 h after the incident.
Discussion and Conclusions
Where substances are novel or unknown, adverse events are often unexpected and may be more difficult to prepare for. Substance-induced acute agitation can be alarming and hazardous for people consuming drugs and those around them and may pose challenges for staff. There is a substantial evidence base for the benefits of on-site drug analysis and drug checking in reducing harms related to drug use, and in enhancing drug market monitoring. This incident was successfully managed by Medically Supervised Injecting Centre and hospital staff, with no major consequence, however clinical management could have been improved using point of care drug testing.
{"title":"The role of on-site drug analysis within supervised injecting facilities: A case presentation of an adverse event highlighting need","authors":"Robert Page, Marianne Jauncey, Jonathan Brett, Will Wood, Amanda Roxburgh","doi":"10.1111/dar.13909","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.13909","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Sydney Medically Supervised Injecting Centre provides a safe, non-judgemental space where people can inject pre-obtained substances under the supervision of trained staff. This article describes an unusual incident occurring at the Medically Supervised Injecting Centre in January 2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case Presentation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two regular male clients attending the Medically Supervised Injecting Centre injected a substance they believed to be cocaine. Both clients experienced adverse reactions; one was transported to hospital, while the other became extremely distressed and agitated. Paraphernalia sent for testing returned a result of tiletamine (a dissociative used in veterinary medicine) and no cocaine, 30 h after the incident.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Where substances are novel or unknown, adverse events are often unexpected and may be more difficult to prepare for. Substance-induced acute agitation can be alarming and hazardous for people consuming drugs and those around them and may pose challenges for staff. There is a substantial evidence base for the benefits of on-site drug analysis and drug checking in reducing harms related to drug use, and in enhancing drug market monitoring. This incident was successfully managed by Medically Supervised Injecting Centre and hospital staff, with no major consequence, however clinical management could have been improved using point of care drug testing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"43 6","pages":"1592-1596"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dar.13909","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141731108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rachit Gupta, Greta Moon, Yvonne Bonomo, Adam Pastor
Introduction: γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a GABA-B agonist that rapidly produces effects that are likened to both alcohol and MDMA/ecstasy. GHB use can lead to neuroadaptation with a characteristic withdrawal syndrome. There is currently a paucity of data on the progression of GHB withdrawal, however, due to the drug's short half-life it is generally considered to be typically 5-7 days, although some cases can be severe and complicated by life threatening delirium. Here, we present a case of severe GHB withdrawal, which recurred on multiple occasions over 56 days, despite initial clinical stabilisation on each occasion and toxicological evidence of abstinence from GHB between episodes.
Case presentation: A male patient in his 30s presented with agitated delirium on a background of severe GHB use disorder with a 15-year history of daily high dose GHB use. Following 3 hospital admissions over 8 weeks, all requiring intravenous sedation and tracheal intubation, the patient's withdrawal delirium was successfully treated with a slow benzodiazepine and baclofen wean over a period of 6 months. Relapse to GHB use between hospitalisations was excluded toxicologically via blood analysis performed at an institute of forensic pathology.
Discussion and conclusions: This case highlights that GHB withdrawal can be more prolonged than previously reported in the literature and in some cases may require slow and prolonged tapering of treatment to prevent re-emergence of delirium. Similar to previous case reports, benzodiazepines and GABA-B receptor agonists appear to be appropriate drug classes to manage GHB withdrawal.
{"title":"A case of severe and prolonged γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) withdrawal syndrome successfully managed with a slow benzodiazepine and baclofen taper.","authors":"Rachit Gupta, Greta Moon, Yvonne Bonomo, Adam Pastor","doi":"10.1111/dar.13911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13911","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a GABA-B agonist that rapidly produces effects that are likened to both alcohol and MDMA/ecstasy. GHB use can lead to neuroadaptation with a characteristic withdrawal syndrome. There is currently a paucity of data on the progression of GHB withdrawal, however, due to the drug's short half-life it is generally considered to be typically 5-7 days, although some cases can be severe and complicated by life threatening delirium. Here, we present a case of severe GHB withdrawal, which recurred on multiple occasions over 56 days, despite initial clinical stabilisation on each occasion and toxicological evidence of abstinence from GHB between episodes.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A male patient in his 30s presented with agitated delirium on a background of severe GHB use disorder with a 15-year history of daily high dose GHB use. Following 3 hospital admissions over 8 weeks, all requiring intravenous sedation and tracheal intubation, the patient's withdrawal delirium was successfully treated with a slow benzodiazepine and baclofen wean over a period of 6 months. Relapse to GHB use between hospitalisations was excluded toxicologically via blood analysis performed at an institute of forensic pathology.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusions: </strong>This case highlights that GHB withdrawal can be more prolonged than previously reported in the literature and in some cases may require slow and prolonged tapering of treatment to prevent re-emergence of delirium. Similar to previous case reports, benzodiazepines and GABA-B receptor agonists appear to be appropriate drug classes to manage GHB withdrawal.</p>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141632996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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