Drug and alcohol review最新文献_第7页

The acceptability of alcohol screening and brief intervention for older adults in community venues 在社区场所对老年人进行酒精筛查和简短干预的可接受性

IF 3 3区医学 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Drug and alcohol review

Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13949

Jennifer Seddon, Beth Bareham, Eileen Kaner, Barbara Hanratty, Sarah Wadd

Background

Evidence supports the effectiveness of alcohol brief interventions (ABI) in health-care settings but the acceptability of conducting ABIs in wider community venues such as supermarkets, hospital atriums and train stations remains unclear. This study examines the acceptability of conducting ABIs for older adults in community settings.

Method

ABIs were conducted in community venues in five sites across the United Kingdom as part of the Drink Wise, Age Well program. ABIs used the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test–Consumption to measure alcohol use, with personalised feedback delivered in relation to alcohol intake. Data on age, gender, ethnicity, alcohol use and intention to change drinking was collected. Qualitative interviews to explore the acceptability of delivering ABIs within community venues were conducted with a sub-set of ABI recipients (n = 16) and practitioners (n = 12). Data were analysed using Framework Analysis.

Results

A total of 3999 people received an ABI. Fifty-eight percent of ABI recipients were female. The largest age group was 50–54 years (28%). Almost 80% (n = 3180) of ABI recipients were drinking at hazardous levels. Of hazardous drinkers that were asked (n = 2726), 40% reported intentions to change their drinking. Qualitative analysis indicted that ABIs conducted in community venues were acceptable and considered to be valuable in raising awareness of alcohol-related risks.

Discussion and Conclusions

Community venues represent a promising context to engage older people in alcohol intervention, with the potential to lead to reductions in alcohol consumption.

背景有证据表明，在医疗机构进行酒精简短干预（ABI）是有效的，但在超市、医院中庭和火车站等更广泛的社区场所进行酒精简短干预的可接受性仍不清楚。本研究探讨了在社区环境中对老年人进行酒精简短干预的可接受性。方法作为 "明智饮酒，健康养老 "计划的一部分，在英国五个地点的社区场所进行了酒精简短干预。ABI使用 "酒精使用障碍识别测试--饮酒量 "来测量饮酒量，并提供与酒精摄入量相关的个性化反馈。收集的数据包括年龄、性别、种族、饮酒情况和改变饮酒的意愿。为了探讨在社区场所提供 ABI 的可接受性，对 ABI 的受试者（n = 16）和从业人员（n = 12）进行了定性访谈。采用框架分析法对数据进行了分析。58%的人工辅助器具接受者为女性。最大的年龄组为 50-54 岁（28%）。近 80% 的 ABI 接受者（n = 3180）的饮酒量达到危险水平。在被问及的危险饮酒者中（n = 2726），40%的人表示打算改变饮酒方式。定性分析表明，在社区场所进行的酒精干预是可以接受的，并且被认为在提高对酒精相关风险的认识方面很有价值。

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引用次数: 0

Utilising paired measurements of phosphatidylethanol to monitor early success in alcohol abstinence 利用磷脂酰乙醇的配对测量来监测戒酒的早期成功率

IF 3 3区医学 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Drug and alcohol review

Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13947

Daniel White, Sam Salman, David A. Joyce

Introduction

Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is a specific and persisting marker of ethanol (alcohol) consumption. Early success of medically necessary abstinence can be assessed by monitoring PEth disappearance at a biologically plausible rate. This requires an understanding of PEth elimination, its variability and its determinants. To achieve this, we characterised PEth elimination in drinkers who voluntarily abstained. We aimed to derive a nomogram from the data to assist practitioners in recognising abstinence.

Methods

Twenty-nine usual drinkers who were prepared to abstain from alcohol consumption for 4 weeks were recruited. Erythrocyte PEth was measured weekly. A population pharmacokinetic model for PEth was developed, describing the time-course of PEth elimination. Estimates were derived for population average, inter-individual variability in PEth half-life and any covariate influences. These estimates informed a nomogram of PEth elimination that incorporated a boundary separating continued abstinence from resumed drinking. The nomogram was tested to identify drinking events among participants.

Results

The model estimated a population average elimination rate constant (k) of 0.088 day⁻¹, corresponding to a half-life of 7.9 days with a residual coefficient of variation of 8.5%. Elimination was first order and no covariate influences were identified. The nomogram was internally assessed as predictively accurate for 21 successfully abstinent participants and in detecting alcohol consumption in 2 further participants, using a 99.9% prediction interval.

Discussion and Conclusions

The value of PEth in distinguishing alcohol abstinence from consumption is enhanced by using a nomogram to confirm abstinence within weeks of its medically necessary imposition. Further work will establish the value of this approach in clinical practice.

导言磷脂酰乙醇（PEth）是乙醇（酒精）消耗的特异性和持久性标志物。通过监测 PEth 以生物学上合理的速度消失，可以评估医学上必要的戒酒是否成功。这就需要了解 PEth 的消除、其可变性及其决定因素。为此，我们研究了自愿戒酒者体内 PEth 的消除情况。我们的目标是从这些数据中得出一个提名图，以帮助从业人员识别戒酒。每周测量红细胞 PEth。建立了一个人群 PEth 药代动力学模型，描述了 PEth 的消除时间过程。得出了 PEth 半衰期的人群平均值、个体间变异性和任何协变量影响的估计值。这些估计值为 PEth 消解提名图提供了依据，该提名图包含了继续戒酒和恢复饮酒的分界线。结果该模型估计的人群平均消除率常数（k）为 0.088 天-1，对应的半衰期为 7.9 天，残差系数为 8.5%。消除是一阶的，没有发现协变量影响。经内部评估，该提名图对 21 名成功戒酒者的预测准确率为 99.9%，对另外 2 名戒酒者的饮酒检测准确率为 99.9%。进一步的工作将确定这种方法在临床实践中的价值。

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引用次数: 0

Should I stay (home) or should I go (party)? Examination of drinking as a mediator of the relationship between alcohol-related social media content and adherence to COVID-19 recommendations among college students 我应该待在家里还是去参加派对？研究饮酒对大学生中与酒精相关的社交媒体内容和遵守 COVID-19 建议之间关系的中介作用

IF 3 3区医学 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Drug and alcohol review

Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13946

Mai-Ly Nguyen Steers, Robert E. Wickham, Tanrak Ploykao, William Buchholz, Angela B. Tanygin, Rose Marie Ward

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic impacted young people's drinking. Yet, despite social gatherings posing a known risk for increased contraction, some college students still congregated to drink. Furthermore, some students posted about these drinking events to their public and/or private social media feeds. It is crucial to understand the relationships between posting alcohol-related content (ARC), drinking and adherence to COVID-19 recommendations because they may have contributed to the spread of the virus.

Methods

The current interval contingent, 14-day diary study assessed students' (N = 129) public and private ARC; their drinking; percentage of time wearing a mask and social distancing; and number of people they socialised with during drinking events (total crowd size) each day.

Results

Multilevel structural equation modelling was employed to examine relationships between ARC posting, drinking and behavioural outcomes. On days in which students posted both public and private ARC, they tended to drink more and in turn, reported attending gatherings with larger crowds. Curiously, on days in which students drank more, they indicated more mask wearing and social distancing, and on days in which students posted more private ARC, they also reported larger crowds. Finally, an indirect effect of drinking on the links between public and private ARC and mask wearing, social distancing and total crowd sizes emerged.

Discussion and Conclusions

Findings revealed students continued to post and drink socially despite the risks, which may have encouraged others within their networks to engage in similar risky behaviours. Future public health crises should balance young people's need for social connection with risk mitigation efforts.

导言 COVID-19 的流行对年轻人的饮酒产生了影响。然而，尽管已知社交聚会会增加感染风险，一些大学生仍聚集在一起喝酒。此外，一些学生还将这些饮酒活动发布到他们的公共和/或私人社交媒体上。了解发布与酒精有关的内容（ARC）、饮酒和遵守 COVID-19 建议之间的关系至关重要，因为它们可能会导致病毒的传播。方法目前这项间隔性或然性、14 天的日记研究评估了学生（N = 129）的公开和私人 ARC、他们的饮酒情况、戴口罩和社交疏远的时间百分比，以及他们每天在饮酒活动中的社交人数（总人群规模）。在学生公开和私下发布 ARC 的日子里，他们往往喝得更多，反过来，他们也报告说参加了人更多的聚会。奇怪的是，在学生饮酒较多的日子里，他们表示戴口罩和社交疏远的情况较多，而在学生张贴私人 ARC 较多的日子里，他们也表示参加的人群较多。最后，饮酒对公共和私人 ARC 与戴口罩、社交疏远和总人群规模之间的联系产生了间接影响。讨论与结论研究结果表明，尽管存在风险，学生们仍继续在社交网络上发布信息并饮酒，这可能会鼓励他们网络中的其他人从事类似的危险行为。未来的公共卫生危机应在年轻人对社会联系的需求与降低风险的努力之间取得平衡。

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引用次数: 0

Psychometric evaluation of the Dutch version of the patient-reported experience measure for addiction treatment (PREMAT-NL) 荷兰版患者报告戒毒治疗经验测量法（PREMAT-NL）的心理测量学评估

IF 3 3区医学 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Drug and alcohol review

Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13939

Charlotte Migchels, Wim van den Brink, Amine Zerrouk, Frieda Matthys, Clara De Ruysscher, Wouter Vanderplasschen, Cleo L. Crunelle

Introduction

Patient-centred care has become increasingly important in health care. Patient-reported experience measures (PREM) are used to measure patient experiences in health care, but the availability of psychometrically validated PREMs is limited. The Patient Reported Experience Measure in Addiction Treatment (PREMAT) is a PREM developed with extensive service user input to assess the experiences of people in residential addiction treatment services. In this study we aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Dutch translation of the PREMAT, the PREMAT-NL.

Methods

Ninety-three participants completed the PREMAT-NL approximately 45 days after starting addiction treatment as part of a naturalistic prospective multi-centre study in Belgium. We examined the factorial structure using principal component analysis with Promax oblique rotation and assessed the internal consistencies of the subscales and total score using Cronbach's α. Additionally, we explored the relationship of PREMAT-NL scores with demographic and clinical variables.

Results

The PREMAT-NL had a four-factor structure, with good internal consistencies of the subscales (Cronbach's α >0.70) and excellent internal consistency of the total score (Cronbach's α = 0.94). The PREMAT-NL total score was negatively skewed, and four score categories were proposed based on z-scores. PREMAT-NL scores correlated weakly with the type of treatment centre (r = 0.21, p < 0.05) and with previously received treatment for addiction (r = −0.25, p < 0.05).

Discussion and Conclusions

Although the factor structure and thus the appropriate use of subscales need further investigation, the findings of this study support the use of the PREMAT-NL total score as a valid and reliable PREM to evaluate residential addiction treatment services.

导言：在医疗保健领域，以患者为中心的护理越来越重要。患者报告体验测量法（PREM）被用来测量患者在医疗保健中的体验，但经过心理测量学验证的患者报告体验测量法非常有限。成瘾治疗中的患者报告体验测量（PREMAT）是在广泛征求服务使用者意见的基础上开发的一种 PREM，用于评估住院成瘾治疗服务中患者的体验。在这项研究中，我们旨在评估 PREMAT 的荷兰语译文 PREMAT-NL 的心理测量特性。方法在比利时进行的一项自然前瞻性多中心研究中，93 名参与者在开始戒毒治疗约 45 天后完成了 PREMAT-NL。我们使用主成分分析法和 Promax 斜向旋转法研究了因子结构，并使用 Cronbach's α 评估了分量表和总分的内部一致性。此外，我们还探讨了 PREMAT-NL 分数与人口统计学和临床变量之间的关系。结果 PREMAT-NL 具有四因子结构，各分量表具有良好的内部一致性（Cronbach's α >0.70），总分具有出色的内部一致性（Cronbach's α = 0.94）。PREMAT-NL 总分呈负偏态，并根据 z 分数提出了四个分数类别。PREMAT-NL 分数与治疗中心类型（r = 0.21，p <0.05）和以前接受过的成瘾治疗（r = -0.25，p <0.05）呈弱相关。

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引用次数: 0

Characteristics of drug-related deaths where individuals are found submerged in a bath or hot tub in the United Kingdom, 1997–2023 1997-2023年英国发现浸泡在浴缸或热水浴缸中的涉毒死亡特征

IF 3 3区医学 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Drug and alcohol review

Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13950

Emmert Roberts, Caroline Copeland, Shane Darke, Michael Farrell

Introduction

Recent media reports highlight that drug-related fatalities can occur while individuals are immersed in water in domestic settings. We aimed to determine the case characteristics, circumstances of death and type of implicated drugs among individuals dying due to unintentional drug-related causes found immersed in a bath or hot tub.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study in the United Kingdom using coronial records from the National Programme on Substance Abuse Deaths, 1997–2023. Information was available on decedent socio-demographics, characteristics of death and drugs implicated in death.

Results

One hundred fifty-six decedents were found immersed in the bath and six in a hot tub, a mean of 6.4 deaths per year (SD 3.7; range 1–13). Overall decedents were predominantly male (n = 94, 58.0%), of White ethnicity (n = 98, 60.5%) with a mean age of 40 years (SD 13; range 19–74). Only 12 decedents had any physical contributory factor to death other than poisoning or drowning. The median number of drugs detected at post-mortem was 3 (interquartile range 2, 5) with multiple drug toxicity implicated in the majority of cases (n = 90, 55.6%). The most common implicated drugs were heroin (n = 53, 32.7%), alcohol (n = 46, 28.4%) and cocaine (n = 33, 20.4%).

Discussion and Conclusions

Over the last two decades in the United Kingdom there have been consistent numbers of unintentional drug-related deaths each year where individuals were found in a bath or hot tub. Polysubstance, opioid and alcohol use are overrepresented. Targeted advice to avoid bathing while intoxicated would appear to be an appropriate harm reduction message.

导言最近的媒体报道强调，在家庭环境中，个人浸泡在水中时可能会发生与毒品相关的死亡事件。我们的目的是确定浸泡在浴缸或热水浴缸中因与毒品有关的意外原因死亡的人员的病例特征、死亡情况和牵涉毒品的类型。结果发现有 156 名死者浸泡在浴缸中，6 名死者浸泡在热水浴缸中，平均每年死亡 6.4 人（SD 3.7；范围 1-13）。死者主要为男性（94 人，占 58.0%）、白人（98 人，占 60.5%），平均年龄为 40 岁（SD 13；范围 19-74）。除中毒或溺水外，只有 12 名死者的死亡与身体因素有关。尸检中发现的毒品数量中位数为 3 种（四分位数间距为 2 至 5），大多数病例（n = 90，55.6%）涉及多种药物中毒。最常见的牵连药物是海洛因（53 人，32.7%）、酒精（46 人，28.4%）和可卡因（33 人，20.4%）。使用多种物质、阿片类药物和酒精的比例过高。有针对性地建议人们避免在醉酒情况下洗浴，似乎是一个适当的减少伤害信息。

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引用次数: 0

Does maternal education moderate the relationship between adolescent cannabis use and mental health in early adulthood? 孕产妇教育是否会缓和青少年吸食大麻与成年早期心理健康之间的关系？

IF 3 3区医学 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Drug and alcohol review

Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13945

Gemma Sawyer, Laura D. Howe, Matthew Hickman, Stanley Zammit, Lindsey A. Hines

Introduction

Socioeconomic disadvantage has been associated with cannabis use and poor mental health. It is therefore hypothesised that lower maternal education, a proxy for socioeconomic disadvantage, may increase the risk of cannabis-related mental health and substance use consequences.

Methods

A total of 5099 participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children reported cannabis use via questionnaires at 16 or 18. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between any and regular (weekly or more) adolescent cannabis use with depression, anxiety, psychotic experiences, and problematic cannabis use at age 24. Maternal education was included as an effect modifier. Missing data were addressed through multiple imputation using chained equations.

Results

In total, 36.5% of participants reported adolescent cannabis use and, of these, 14% reported regular use. Adolescent cannabis use was associated with an increased likelihood of anxiety and problematic cannabis use; however, there was little evidence of moderation by maternal education. Regular cannabis use was associated with an increased likelihood of problematic cannabis use, with little evidence of moderation by maternal education. There was weak evidence that the association between regular cannabis use and depression (interaction p-value = 0.024) and anxiety (interaction p-value = 0.056) was stronger in people with high maternal education.

Discussion and Conclusions

Adolescent cannabis use is associated with increased risk of anxiety and cannabis use disorder, but there was insufficient evidence that childhood socioeconomic position (proxied by maternal education) modifies this relationship. Improved public health messages for all adolescents about these risks may be warranted.

引言社会经济劣势与吸食大麻和心理健康不良有关。因此，我们假设，作为社会经济劣势的代表，较低的母亲教育程度可能会增加与大麻相关的心理健康和药物使用后果的风险。方法共有 5099 名雅芳父母与子女纵向研究（Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children）的参与者通过调查问卷报告了 16 岁或 18 岁时使用大麻的情况。我们使用逻辑回归法研究了青少年使用大麻与抑郁、焦虑、精神病经历以及 24 岁时问题大麻使用之间的关系。母亲的教育程度被列为影响调节因子。结果共有 36.5% 的参与者报告了青少年时期吸食大麻的情况，其中 14% 报告了定期吸食大麻的情况。青少年吸食大麻与焦虑和有问题吸食大麻的可能性增加有关；但是，几乎没有证据表明母亲的教育程度对其有调节作用。经常吸食大麻与吸食问题大麻的可能性增加有关，但几乎没有证据表明母亲的教育程度对其有调节作用。讨论和结论青少年吸食大麻与焦虑和大麻使用障碍风险增加有关，但没有充分证据表明儿童社会经济地位（以母亲教育程度为参照）会改变这种关系。可能需要向所有青少年更好地传达有关这些风险的公共卫生信息。

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引用次数: 0

Changes in the rates and characteristics of gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB)-related death in Australia, 2001–2023 2001-2023 年澳大利亚与伽马羟丁酸（GHB）相关死亡的比率和特征变化。

IF 3 3区医学 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Drug and alcohol review

Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13940

Shane Darke, Johan Duflou, Agata Chrzanowska, Michael Farrell, Julia Lappin, Amy Peacock

Introduction

In recent years gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB) use appears to have increased. This study aimed to determine: (i) population rates of GHB-related death in Australia, 2001–2021; and (ii) whether there have been changes in the characteristics of GHB-related death in Australia over the period 2001–2023.

Methods

Retrospective study of all Australian cases in which GHB was a mechanism contributory to death retrieved from the National Coronial Information System (n = 217). Joinpoint regression models were used to analyse trends in overall rates.

Results

Death rates were stable between 2001 and 2015 (‘stable period’) (annual percent change [APC] = 3.7) but showed marked acceleration between 2016 and 2021 (‘accelerated period’) (APC = 44.4). Circumstances of death were: unintentional toxicity (81.6%), intentional toxicity (5.1%), self-harm (6.0%), traumatic injury (7.4%). Compared to the stable period, later cases were slightly older (34.2 vs. 30.7 years, p < 0.05), less likely to be employed (odds ratio [OR] 0.4), but more likely to have substance use problems (OR 3.9), a history of injecting drug use (OR 3.5), mental health problems (OR 3.6), and to have present in their blood at toxicological screening opioids (OR 3.2) and hypnosedatives (OR 3.7). The median blood GHB concentration was 170 mg/L, (range 0–3210), which did not change significantly. There were no differences in major organ pathology, but the proportion with aspiration pneumonia declined (OR 0.4).

Discussion and Conclusions

GHB-related death rates increased from 2016, accompanied by changes in case characteristics. In recent years GHB use appears to have extended to a population more likely to have substance use problems and use other respiratory depressants.

导言：近年来，伽马羟丁酸（GHB）的使用似乎有所增加。本研究旨在确定：(i) 2001-2021 年澳大利亚与伽马-羟丁酸相关死亡的人口比率；(ii) 2001-2023 年期间澳大利亚与伽马-羟丁酸相关死亡的特征是否发生了变化：从国家死因信息系统（N = 217）中检索了所有以 GHB 为致死机制的澳大利亚案例，并对这些案例进行了回顾性研究。采用连接点回归模型分析总体死亡率的趋势：2001年至2015年间（"稳定期"），死亡率保持稳定（年百分比变化[APC] = 3.7），但2016年至2021年间（"加速期"），死亡率明显加速（APC = 44.4）。死亡原因包括：无意中毒（81.6%）、有意中毒（5.1%）、自残（6.0%）、外伤（7.4%）。与稳定期相比，后期病例的年龄略大（34.2 岁对 30.7 岁，P 讨论与结论：与伽马--羟丁酸相关的死亡率从2016年开始上升，同时病例特征也发生了变化。近年来，使用伽马--羟丁酸的人群似乎更有可能存在药物使用问题和使用其他呼吸抑制剂。

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引用次数: 0

Australia needs to better regulate alcohol marketing in films 澳大利亚需要更好地规范电影中的酒精营销。

IF 3 3区医学 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Drug and alcohol review

Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13938

Emmanuel Kuntsche, Paula O'Brien, Dan Anderson-Luxford, Maree Patsouras, Benjamin C. Riordan

<p>Due to the introduction and increasing popularity of mobile devices and streaming services (free and subscription), people are watching more films than ever before. For example, over half of survey respondents agreed that they would be more likely to consume television via streaming services than traditional television, and many Australians are now subscribed to multiple streaming services [<span>1</span>]. These streaming services have changed how we watch films, as we now have millions of minutes at our fingertips. On Netflix alone, over 5000+ titles are available to choose from; this would take a person over 4 years of continuous viewing to watch it all [<span>2, 3</span>].</p><p>The increase in film viewing also means that people see more alcohol than ever before. Evidence indicates that streaming services contain more alcohol imagery (including incidental portrayal of alcoholic beverages and alcohol consumption as well as alcohol marketing in form of product placement and branding) than traditional broadcast television [<span>4</span>]. A study of the top 100 US box office movies from 1996 to 2009 found that alcohol brand appearances trended upwards and 62.8% of movies rated for youth audiences included a brand appearance [<span>5</span>].</p><p>Many studies, including literature reviews [<span>6-9</span>], have demonstrated the impact of exposure to alcohol and alcohol marketing in the media, on the initiation and progression of alcohol use and risky drinking. These links have been replicated across populations and study designs and types of media (e.g., social media, music) [<span>10, 11</span>]. This led Sargent and Babor [<span>9</span>] to the conclusion that there is a causal association between alcohol marketing and drinking (particularly drinking onset and binge drinking) among youth. Unfortunately, Australia's current regulation is ill-suited to protect viewers, especially minors, from alcohol brands and marketing in films [<span>12</span>].</p><p>Alcohol marketing in films is mainly ‘self-regulated’ in Australia under the Alcohol Beverages Advertising Code (ABAC) for Responsible Alcohol Marketing, a scheme funded and administered by the alcohol industry [<span>13, 14</span>]. Unfortunately, due to a fundamental conflict of interest, such industry self-regulation of alcohol marketing tends to be extremely ineffective in controlling marketing and preventing exposure. The ABAC Responsible Alcohol Marketing Code governs ‘marketing communications’ in all media and does cover product placement in films, but not generic references to alcohol or unbranded imagery. The ABAC Code also only governs the conduct of members of the ABAC Scheme, which includes a limited group of alcohol producers and retailers in Australia. This is a major problem with the Scheme: the ABAC Code does not apply to producers who are not members of the Scheme; filmmakers who include references to alcohol in films; or broadcasters or streaming services.</p><p>The AB

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引用次数: 0

Tobacco retail availability and smoking—A systematic review and meta-analysis 烟草零售与吸烟--系统综述和荟萃分析。

IF 3 3区医学 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Drug and alcohol review

Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13936

Veronica Martin-Gall, Amanda Neil, Kate Macintyre, Sabah Rehman, Thuy Phuong Nguyen, Ben Harding, Seana Gall

Issues

Health policy makers worldwide have adopted evidence-based legislation, largely directed at consumers, to reduce tobacco-related harm. It is suggested that limiting supply by decreasing retail availability can also reduce cigarette smoking. To inform policy makers this systematic literature review assesses whether reducing availability is associated with smoking behaviours.

Approach

Systematic literature searches of five databases were carried out up to January 2023. Included studies had at least one exposure (tobacco retail density, proximity or mixed measures thereof) and outcomes of smoking behaviour. Meta-analysis of effect estimates were undertaken if there were at least three studies with similar population, exposure and outcome measures.

Key Findings

Sixty-two studies were included, and positive associations were found between tobacco outlet density and cigarette smoking in pregnancy, youth, adults and cessation. Meta-analyses were undertaken for retail density and ever smoking (odds ratio [OR] 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04, 1.37; I² = 87.3%), and current youth smoking (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.08, 1.40; I² = 0.0%), adult smoking (OR 1.11; 95% CI 1.01, 1.22; I² = 74.8%); and mixed measures of retail availability near schools and current youth smoking (OR 1.03; 95% CI 1.01, 1.05; I² = 0.0%).

Implications and Conclusion

There is evidence higher tobacco retail density is consistently associated with cigarette smoking in pregnant women, young people and adults when ecological studies are included in meta-analysis. Meanwhile, evidence synthesis reveals restrictive tobacco retail laws based on proximity or mixed measures near home or very near school may not reduce smoking except in men who smoke heavily. Mechanisms to reduce retailer density should be thus considered part of tobacco control strategies.

问题：全世界的卫生政策制定者都通过了以证据为基础的立法，主要针对消费者，以减少与烟草有关的伤害。有人认为，通过减少零售量来限制供应也可以减少吸烟。为了给政策制定者提供信息，本系统性文献综述评估了减少供应量是否与吸烟行为有关：对截至 2023 年 1 月的五个数据库进行了系统性文献检索。纳入的研究至少有一项暴露（烟草零售密度、邻近度或混合测量）和吸烟行为结果。如果至少有三项研究具有相似的人群、暴露和结果测量，则对效果估计值进行元分析：共纳入62项研究，发现烟草销售点密度与孕期、青少年、成人吸烟及戒烟之间存在正相关。对零售密度与曾经吸烟（几率比 [OR] 1.20；95% 置信区间 [CI] 1.04，1.37；I2 = 87.3%）、当前青少年吸烟（OR 1.23；95% CI 1.08，1.40；I2 = 0.0%）、成人吸烟（OR 1.11; 95% CI 1.01, 1.22; I2 = 74.8%）；以及学校附近零售点的可得性与当前青少年吸烟的混合测量（OR 1.03; 95% CI 1.01, 1.05; I2 = 0.0%）：有证据表明，如果将生态研究纳入荟萃分析，较高的烟草零售密度与孕妇、青少年和成人吸烟率一直相关。同时，证据综合显示，基于家庭附近或学校附近的限制性烟草零售法律或混合措施可能不会减少吸烟，但大量吸烟的男性除外。因此，降低零售商密度的机制应被视为烟草控制策略的一部分。

{"title":"Tobacco retail availability and smoking—A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Veronica Martin-Gall, Amanda Neil, Kate Macintyre, Sabah Rehman, Thuy Phuong Nguyen, Ben Harding, Seana Gall","doi":"10.1111/dar.13936","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.13936","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Issues</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Health policy makers worldwide have adopted evidence-based legislation, largely directed at consumers, to reduce tobacco-related harm. It is suggested that limiting supply by decreasing retail availability can also reduce cigarette smoking. To inform policy makers this systematic literature review assesses whether reducing availability is associated with smoking behaviours.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Approach</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Systematic literature searches of five databases were carried out up to January 2023. Included studies had at least one exposure (tobacco retail density, proximity or mixed measures thereof) and outcomes of smoking behaviour. Meta-analysis of effect estimates were undertaken if there were at least three studies with similar population, exposure and outcome measures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Key Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty-two studies were included, and positive associations were found between tobacco outlet density and cigarette smoking in pregnancy, youth, adults and cessation. Meta-analyses were undertaken for retail density and ever smoking (odds ratio [OR] 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04, 1.37; <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 87.3%), and current youth smoking (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.08, 1.40; <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.0%), adult smoking (OR 1.11; 95% CI 1.01, 1.22; <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 74.8%); and mixed measures of retail availability near schools and current youth smoking (OR 1.03; 95% CI 1.01, 1.05; <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.0%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Implications and Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is evidence higher tobacco retail density is consistently associated with cigarette smoking in pregnant women, young people and adults when ecological studies are included in meta-analysis. Meanwhile, evidence synthesis reveals restrictive tobacco retail laws based on proximity or mixed measures near home or very near school may not reduce smoking except in men who smoke heavily. Mechanisms to reduce retailer density should be thus considered part of tobacco control strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"43 7","pages":"1718-1732"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dar.13936","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142125144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Changes in Australians' attitudes towards supervised injecting facilities 澳大利亚人对监督注射设施态度的变化。

IF 3 3区医学 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Drug and alcohol review

Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13937

Zachary Lloyd, Samantha Colledge-Frisby, Nicholas Taylor, Michael Livingston, Marianne Jauncey, Amanda Roxburgh

Introduction

Supervised injecting facilities (SIF) have been shown to reduce negative outcomes experienced by people who inject drugs. They are often subject to intense public and media scrutiny. This article aimed to explore population attitudes to SIFs and how these changed over time in Australia.

Methods

Data were drawn from the National Drug Strategy Household Survey, a national sample collecting data on illicit drug use and attitudes towards drug policy among Australians (2001–2019). Ordinal logistic regression assessed sociodemographic characteristics associated with different attitudes to SIFs and binary logistic regression assessed trends over time and by jurisdiction.

Results

In 2019, 54% of respondents (95% CI 52.9, 55.1) supported SIFs, 27.5% (95% CI 26.6, 28.4) opposed and 18.4% (95% CI 17.7, 19.2) were ambivalent. Support for SIFs correlated with having a university degree (OR 1.75; 95% CI 1.58, 1.94), non-heterosexual identity (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.51, 2.17) and recent illicit drug use (OR = 1.74, 95% CI 1.55, 1.94). Male respondents or those living in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas had lower odds of supporting SIFs (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.85, 1.00; OR 0.64–0.80, respectively). Between 2001 and 2019, support for SIFs increased modestly by 3.3%, those who ‘don't know’ by 7.4%, whereas opposition decreased by 11.7%. Between 2001 and 2019, support for SIFs increased in NSW and Queensland, whereas opposition decreased in all jurisdictions.

Discussion and Conclusions

Opposition to SIFs declined over the past 20 years, but a substantial proportion of respondents are ambivalent or ‘don't know enough to say’. Plain language information about SIFs and their potential benefits, targeted to those who are ambivalent/’don't know’ may further increase public support.

导言：事实证明，监督注射设施（SIF）可减少注射吸毒者的不良后果。这些设施经常受到公众和媒体的强烈关注。本文旨在探讨澳大利亚民众对监督注射设施的态度，以及随着时间的推移这些态度是如何变化的：数据来自国家毒品战略家庭调查，该调查是一项全国性抽样调查，收集了澳大利亚人非法药物使用情况和对毒品政策的态度（2001-2019 年）。顺序逻辑回归评估了与对SIF的不同态度相关的社会人口特征，二元逻辑回归评估了不同时期和不同辖区的趋势：2019年，54%的受访者（95% CI 52.9，55.1）支持SIF，27.5%（95% CI 26.6，28.4）反对，18.4%（95% CI 17.7，19.2）持矛盾态度。支持 SIF 与拥有大学学位（OR 1.75；95% CI 1.58，1.94）、非异性恋身份（OR 1.81，95% CI 1.51，2.17）和近期使用非法药物（OR = 1.74，95% CI 1.55，1.94）相关。男性受访者或生活在社会经济贫困地区的受访者支持 SIF 的几率较低（OR=0.92，95% CI=0.85，1.00；OR=0.64-0.80）。2001 年至 2019 年间，支持 SIF 的人数小幅增加了 3.3%，"不知道 "的人数增加了 7.4%，而反对人数则减少了 11.7%。2001 年至 2019 年间，新南威尔士州和昆士兰州对 SIF 的支持率有所上升，而所有辖区的反对率均有所下降：在过去 20 年中，反对 SIF 的人数有所减少，但相当一部分受访者态度暧昧或 "不了解，不好说"。针对矛盾/"不了解 "的受访者，以通俗易懂的语言提供有关 SIF 及其潜在益处的信息，可能会进一步提高公众的支持率。

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引用次数: 0