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Study on Purifying Effect and Mechanism of "Combined Artificial Floating Island" on Black-odorous Water “联合人工浮岛”对黑臭水体的净化效果及机理研究
Pub Date : 2019-10-22 DOI: 10.12783/dteees/eece2019/31540
Jianhua Lv, Qian Tang, Jianxiong Kang, Wei Jiang, Yongzheng Ren
In the process of traditional ecological floating island purification, floating plants have limited absorption capacity. And it also have limited effect on deepwater treatment. Because of the shortcomings of the traditional floating island, the "Combined Artificial floating island" device, which combines the ecological floating island, activated carbon fiber and aeration, is proposed to study its purification effect on black-odorous water. After 22 days of experiment, the removal rates of COD, TN and TP reached 83.9%, 50.2% and 26.4% respectively for the "Combined Artificial floating island" combined treatment unit, while it reached 70.5%,39.2%and 17.5% respectively for the traditional ecological floating island. The experimental results show that the removal rates of COD, TN and TP in water body are increased by 13.4%, 11% and 8.9% respectively for the treatment of "Combined Artificial floating island" combined treatment unit, and the purification effect is greatly improved compared with the traditional ecological floating island. The “Combined Artificial floating island” uses synergistic effect of particle sedimentation, plant absorption, microbial degradation and activated carbon fiber adsorption to purify water. Therefore, it can adapt to water bodies with different water quality and water depth, and has wider application range and stronger adaptability. Introduction Artificial floating island (AFI) technology is a water surface planting technology using the principle of soilless cultivation, which achieves the purpose of purifying water quality through the absorption and degradation of nitrogen, phosphorus, COD and other pollutants by plant roots and microorganisms. As AFI has many functions, including reducing the dispersion of pollutants, water purification, ecological protection, and landscape effect, it has become a potential candidate for black-odorous water treatment [1-4] . However, due to the limited root area of the plant, only a small amount of biofilm attachment space can be provided. And because of the limited root length, there are limitations to the treatment of deeper water. At the same time, the low concentration of DO in black odorous water is not suitable for the growth of plants and microorganisms. Some materials have been discussed in previous studies for AFI concentration. Activated carbon has a large specific surface area and adsorption capacity, which is very suitable for water treatment [5-8] . Oxygen aeration has the effect of purifying water by forcing water through aeration; it provides oxygen for microbial oxidative decomposition of organic matter [9] . Based on previous research, we have produced Combined Artificial floating island (CAFI) , which link together with floating islands, activated carbon fibers and aeration. Its purification effect on black and odorous water was studied. More specifically, CAFI removes suspended solids (SS) from water by physical manipulation, and through the biosynthesis of pollutant
在传统的生态浮岛净化过程中,漂浮植物的吸收能力有限。而且它对深水处理的影响也有限。针对传统浮岛存在的不足,提出将生态浮岛、活性炭纤维和曝气相结合的“组合式人工浮岛”装置,研究其对黑臭水体的净化效果。经过22天的试验,“联合人工浮岛”联合处理单元对COD、TN和TP的去除率分别达到83.9%、50.2%和26.4%,而传统生态浮岛的去除率分别达到70.5%、39.2%和17.5%。实验结果表明,“联合人工浮岛”联合处理单元处理后,水体中COD、TN和TP的去除率分别提高了13.4%、11%和8.9%,与传统生态浮岛相比,净化效果大大提高。“组合式人工浮岛”利用颗粒沉降、植物吸收、微生物降解和活性炭纤维吸附的协同作用来净化水。因此能适应不同水质、不同水深的水体,应用范围更广,适应性更强。人工浮岛(Artificial floating island, AFI)技术是利用无土栽培原理,通过植物根系和微生物对氮、磷、COD等污染物的吸收和降解,达到净化水质目的的水面种植技术。AFI具有减少污染物扩散、净水、生态保护、景观效应等多种功能,已成为黑臭水处理的潜在候选物[1-4]。但由于植物根系面积有限,只能提供少量的生物膜附着空间。而且由于根长有限,对深层水的处理也有局限性。同时,黑臭水中低浓度的DO不适合植物和微生物的生长。一些材料在以往的研究中已经讨论过AFI浓度。活性炭具有较大的比表面积和吸附能力,非常适用于水处理[5-8]。氧曝气有迫使水通过曝气净化水的作用;它为微生物氧化分解有机物提供氧气[9]。在前人研究的基础上,我们研制出了将浮岛、活性炭纤维和曝气相结合的组合式人工浮岛(CAFI)。研究了其对黑臭水的净化效果。更具体地说,CAFI通过物理操作去除水中的悬浮物(SS),并通过污染物的生物合成来实现吸收和利用[10]。据报道,水生植物可以吸收废水中过量的营养物质,减少废水中COD、硝态氮、磷酸盐等污染物[11-13]。它还可以减少光的穿透,以及对水养分的竞争,它可以抑制藻类的生长[4]。[14]表明,AFI系统中不同的植物种类由于其特定的生物学特性(如养分吸收效率、生长速度和根系类型)而具有不同的污染物去除能力。此外,水生植物的根和茎119以及活性炭纤维为微生物提供了生存空间,植物释放的氧气增加了水中的溶解氧(DO),从而提高了COD的去除率[3,15]。废水中的微生物附着在植物茎、根表面和活性炭纤维上,经过反复增殖过程形成所谓的生物膜[15]。[15]和[16]提供的证据表明,具有更多生物膜的根表面具有更强的污染物去除能力,这可能表明生物膜在水净化过程中的重要性。曝气可以增加水中溶解氧含量[17]。同时,活性炭纤维可以通过吸附去除水中的污染物[8,18]。“组合式人工浮岛”组合式处理机组如图1所示,“CAFI”由人工浮岛+活性炭纤维+曝气组成。它包括人工浮岛、悬浮在浮岛下侧的活性炭纤维和固定在浮岛下侧的曝气组件。每个装置中的浮岛由两块33cm*33cm的塑料板组成,每块塑料板可种植一根美人蕉。每台设备中的活性炭纤维材料采用面积为0.1m 2,厚度为3mm的活性炭纤维毡制成。
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引用次数: 0
Improved Ip-Iq Harmonic Detection Algorithm Based on Mixed Second-and Third-Order Generalized Integrator 基于混合二阶和三阶广义积分器的改进Ip-Iq谐波检测算法
Pub Date : 2019-10-22 DOI: 10.12783/dteees/eece2019/31531
Chaokun Gu, Xin-yan Zhang, T. Tong
Abstract. Aiming at the influence of DC component and high-order harmonics on harmonic current detection accuracy, an improved ip-iq harmonic detection algorithm based on mixed second-and third-order generalized integrator is proposed in this paper. The MSTOGI filter is added to the traditional ip-iq structure, which effectively filters the DC component of the input signal and suppresses the high-order harmonics. The phase-locked loop of MSTOGI can provide a stable grid voltage frequency when the grid voltage contains high-order harmonics and DC components, so that the harmonic current can be detected more accurately. The traditional ip-iq method and the general SOGI-based ip-iq method are compared and analyzed by simulation examples, which verifies the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed harmonic detection method when the power grid contains DC component and high-order harmonic.
摘要针对直流分量和高次谐波对谐波电流检测精度的影响,提出了一种改进的基于二阶和三阶混合广义积分器的ip-iq谐波检测算法。在传统的ip-iq结构中加入MSTOGI滤波器,有效地滤除输入信号的直流分量,抑制高次谐波。MSTOGI锁相环可以在电网电压中含有高次谐波和直流分量时提供稳定的电网电压频率,从而更准确地检测出谐波电流。通过仿真算例对传统的ip-iq方法和基于sogi的通用ip-iq方法进行了比较分析,验证了所提方法在电网中含有直流分量和高次谐波时谐波检测的有效性和可靠性。
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引用次数: 0
Behavior of a Short Fiber Pull-out from Fiber Reinforced Cement Stabilized Soil 短纤维在纤维增强水泥稳定土中的拉拔行为
Pub Date : 2019-10-22 DOI: 10.12783/dteees/eece2019/31559
Jia Sun, W. Duan, Qiang Li
Failure mechanism of short fiber-reinforced cement-stabilized soil depends on the interaction between the fiber and the cement-stabilized soil matrix. And the mechanism of fiber reinforcement is revealed by experimental studies and numerical simulations. Firstly, by using the single fiber pull-out test, the results show that the maximum tensile force of single fiber under different embedding lengths increases with the development of age. Then based on a cohesive model, a three-dimensional finite element model is established to simulate the interaction between single fiber and cement-stabilized soil. The comparisons of numerical results and experimental results reflect that viscous interface parameters have vital effects on the interaction between single fiber and cement-stabilized matrix. Introducing the proper cohesive model, numerical results agree well with the experimental results better. Introduction The fibers can inhibit the expansion of cement-stabilized soil, also can improve crack resistance and long-term strength. In recent years, a large number of researchers studies the cement-stabilized soil reinforcement formula [1,2,3] by means of experiments in order to get better effects. According to the experiments, the reinforcement effects mainly depends on six factors: fiber volume fraction, fiber orientation, fiber shape, fiber material properties, matrix material properties, and surface contact characteristics of fiber and matrix [4]. And the understanding of the mechanism of fiber and matrix interaction relies on the single fiber pull-out test, which is a critical problem to decide the role of fiber and its reinforcement effects, and it is also the key point that researchers and engineers have been concerning about. For the accurate measurement of single fiber pull-out curves, many researchers have developed a variety of advanced precision apparatus for single fiber pull-out tests [5,6]. For further insight of fiber and matrix interactions, Cox introduced the shear lag model to established the mathematical model of fiber and matrix interaction [7], which solving stress field and strain field of the composite. Based on the shear lag model or more rigorous three-dimensional model of interaction between fiber and matrix, a large number of research results are obtained by the following researchers [8,9,10]. It is well known that the interfacial viscous effects is very important for the interaction analysis between fiber and matrix. Hsueh [11] considered viscous effects in the interface and the radial shrinkage in fiber pull-out process caused by the Poisson effect. These theoretical analyses are only applicable to simple shapes and boundary conditions, they are inconvenient for application in more complicated conditions. Morrison used the method of preset debonding length to establish the two-dimensional finite element model to calculate the results of fiber debonding and pull-out force, and he found that the effects of fracture energy relea
短纤维增强水泥土的破坏机制取决于纤维与水泥土基质的相互作用。通过实验研究和数值模拟,揭示了纤维增强的机理。首先,通过单纤维拉拔试验,结果表明:不同埋置长度下单纤维的最大拉伸力随龄期的发展而增大;在此基础上,建立了单纤维与水泥稳定土相互作用的三维有限元模型。数值结果与实验结果的对比表明,黏性界面参数对单纤维与水泥稳定基体的相互作用有重要影响。引入适当的内聚模型,数值结果与实验结果吻合较好。该纤维能抑制水泥土膨胀,提高水泥土的抗裂性和长期强度。近年来,为了获得更好的加固效果,大量研究者通过实验对水泥稳定土的加固公式进行了研究[1,2,3]。实验表明,增强效果主要取决于六个因素:纤维体积分数、纤维取向、纤维形状、纤维材料性能、基体材料性能、纤维与基体表面接触特性[4]。而对纤维与基体相互作用机理的认识依赖于单纤维拉拔试验,这是确定纤维作用及其增强效果的关键问题,也是研究人员和工程技术人员一直关注的重点。为了精确测量单纤维拔出曲线,许多研究者开发了各种先进的精密仪器进行单纤维拔出试验[5,6]。为了进一步了解纤维与基体的相互作用,Cox引入了剪切滞后模型,建立了纤维与基体相互作用的数学模型[7],求解复合材料的应力场和应变场。基于剪切滞后模型或更严格的纤维与基体相互作用的三维模型,以下研究者获得了大量的研究成果[8,9,10]。众所周知,界面粘滞效应对纤维与基体相互作用分析具有重要意义。Hsueh[11]考虑了界面中的粘性效应和纤维拉拔过程中因泊松效应引起的径向收缩。这些理论分析只适用于简单的形状和边界条件,不适用于更复杂的条件。Morrison采用预设剥离长度的方法建立二维有限元模型,计算纤维的剥离结果和拔出力,发现断裂能量释放率G和断裂长度b对破坏模式的影响是显著的[12]。Povirk基于拔出率的摩擦本构关系进行了单纤维准静态分析,反映了纤维与基体界面摩擦速度的减弱[13]。以上对纤维与基体相互作用的分析忽略了界面处的粘性接触条件,仿真结果有待进一步完善。
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引用次数: 0
Empirical Study on the Relationship between Environmental Responsibility and Enterprise Competitiveness of Textile and Garment Enterprises 纺织服装企业环境责任与企业竞争力关系的实证研究
Pub Date : 2019-10-22 DOI: 10.12783/dteees/eece2019/31554
Xiao-yang Zhang, Lei Yao
The natural environment is deteriorating. As one of the main consumers of resources, enterprises should be aware of the importance of environmental responsibility to society and itself. Based on this background, this paper analyzes the status quo of textile and garment enterprises fulfilling their environmental responsibilities, and selects twenty domestic listed textile and garment enterprises, which disclose the net assets return rate, environmental protection investment, operating income, number of technicians, R&D invested in five data sources and collected, and analyzed that the environmental responsibility of the company has a positive impact on the competitiveness of the company. Enterprises should strengthen their emphasis on the natural environment and assume their own environmental responsibilities. Introduction With the rapid development of the economy, people's quality of life has greatly improved. Along with the ever-increasing level of industrial development, the environmental problems brought about by production have become more apparent. This paper takes textile and garment enterprises as the research object, analyzes the relationship between corporate environmental responsibility and enterprise competitiveness through case and data, and explores the importance of enterprises to assume their own environmental responsibility for their development, which causes enterprises to pay attention to environmental responsibility. In the study of corporate environmental responsibility and corporate competitiveness, some scholars start to derive competitiveness from environmental responsibility and corporate performance. Zhang Shiyuan and Liu Li (2001) believe that the company is not responsible for environmental responsibility and profit. Contradictory, the two are mutually influential relationships. Feng Simiao (2014) concludes that the company actively fulfills its social responsibilities while operating, and its performance will be relatively improved, thus improving the competitiveness of the company. Some scholars include environmental responsibility in social responsibility and analyze the relationship between corporate social responsibility and corporate competitiveness. Huang Man (2018) believes that there is a close relationship between the fulfillment of corporate social responsibility and the core competitiveness of enterprises. Enterprises can take social responsibility while gaining benefits, and they can be better recognized by the society. Analysis of the Status Quo of Environmental Responsibility of Textile and Garment Enterprises There are many ways for textile and garment enterprises to fulfill their environmental responsibilities. This paper summarizes the behaviors of enterprises in the development and use of environmental technologies, the selection of green raw materials, supply chain management, energy
自然环境正在恶化。企业作为资源的主要消费者之一,应该意识到环境责任对社会和自身的重要性。基于此背景,本文分析了纺织服装企业履行环境责任的现状,选取了国内20家纺织服装上市企业,通过5个数据源对净资产收益率、环保投入、营业收入、技术人员数量、研发投入等进行了披露。并分析了企业环境责任对企业竞争力的积极影响。企业应加强对自然环境的重视,承担自己的环境责任。随着经济的快速发展,人们的生活质量大大提高。随着工业发展水平的不断提高,生产所带来的环境问题也越来越明显。本文以纺织服装企业为研究对象,通过案例和数据分析企业环境责任与企业竞争力的关系,探讨企业承担自身环境责任对企业发展的重要性,从而引起企业对环境责任的重视。在对企业环境责任和企业竞争力的研究中,一些学者开始从环境责任和企业绩效中推导出竞争力。张世远、刘丽(2001)认为企业对环境责任和利润不承担责任。矛盾的是,两者是相互影响的关系。冯思淼(2014)认为企业在经营过程中积极履行社会责任,企业绩效会相对提高,从而提高企业竞争力。有学者将环境责任纳入社会责任,分析了企业社会责任与企业竞争力的关系。黄蛮(2018)认为企业社会责任的履行与企业的核心竞争力有着密切的关系。企业在获得效益的同时承担社会责任,更能得到社会的认可。纺织服装企业环境责任现状分析纺织服装企业履行环境责任的途径有很多。本文总结了企业在环境技术的开发和使用、绿色原材料的选择、供应链管理、能源等方面的行为
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引用次数: 1
Study on Stability of Deformation Body of Material Yard Slope of a Pumped Storage Power Station 某抽水蓄能电站料场边坡变形体稳定性研究
Pub Date : 2019-10-22 DOI: 10.12783/dteees/eece2019/31551
Hailian Li, Faming Zhang, Yi-feng Zhou, Y. Ding, Chang Liu
The stability of granite deformation body in a pumped storage power station is studied in the paper, and the research includes field geological survey data collection, analysis of distribution law of structural plane, study on failure model of deformed body and prediction of deformation body stability. Based on that, the failure modes and stability of deformed bodies are studied in detail. According to the regional topographic map of deformed body, a two-dimensional limit equilibrium model is established. The three-dimensional model is established by using 3DEC discrete element software. The stress, strain and displacement under natural and rainstorm conditions are calculated and analyzed respectively, and the accuracy of the calculated results is determined by comparing with the monitoring data, so as to predict the deformation direction and rate of the deformed body. The longest movement distance of the deformed body along the shear outlet of different elevations is simulated separately to determine the affected area, which provides a reliable basis for making preventive measures for the construction site. Introduction The research on the stability of deformed slope is one of the key topics of Engineering geology, so many scholars at home and abroad have carried out in-depth studies [1-6]. The engineering geological conditions of the deformed body are complex, such as fissures, weak interbeds, faults and intersections of various structural planes distributed in the deformed body. At present, the stability evaluation of deformed body includes qualitative evaluation method, quantitative evaluation method and analysis and judgment method based on slope deformation material [8]. A deformed body is located above the slope of the material yard. The excavation at the foot of the slope has caused many tension cracks at upper part of slope and local collapse, which has a further slide tendency. Slope instability not only affects the normal operation of material yard construction, but also poses a serious threat to the safety of personnel, buildings and equipment at the foot of the slope. Therefore, it is urgent to reasonably evaluate the stability of the deformed body and accurately predict its possible degree of damage. Meanwhile, the research has far-reaching significance to ensure the smooth progress of the project construction. Taking the deformed body caused by excavation of a material yard as an example, this paper systematically evaluates the stability of the deformed body and the influence range of its failure by analyzing its deformation characteristics and utilizing the limit equilibrium theory and three-dimensional numerical simulation method, which provides a theoretical basis for the safe operation of the project. Engineering Geological Conditions Topography and Landform The deformed body area is located in the high mountain area of the Yanshan Mountains in Fengning, where the terrain is undulating and the landform belongs to the high mount
本文对某抽水蓄能电站花岗岩变形体的稳定性进行了研究,包括现场地质调查资料收集、构造面分布规律分析、变形体破坏模式研究和变形体稳定性预测。在此基础上,对变形体的破坏模式和稳定性进行了详细的研究。根据变形体的区域地形图,建立了二维极限平衡模型。采用3DEC离散元软件建立了三维模型。分别对自然和暴雨条件下的应力、应变和位移进行计算分析,并通过与监测数据的对比,确定计算结果的准确性,从而预测变形体的变形方向和变形速率。分别模拟变形体沿不同标高剪切出口的最长移动距离,确定受影响区域,为施工现场制定预防措施提供可靠依据。变形边坡的稳定性研究是工程地质学的重点课题之一,国内外许多学者对此进行了深入的研究[1-6]。变形体的工程地质条件复杂,在变形体中分布着裂隙、弱互层、断层和各种构造面的相交。目前,变形体稳定性评价主要有定性评价方法、定量评价方法和基于边坡变形材料的分析判断方法[8]。变形体位于物料堆场的斜坡上方。边坡底部的开挖导致边坡上部出现大量张拉裂缝和局部垮塌,并有进一步滑移的趋势。边坡失稳不仅影响物料堆场施工的正常运行,而且对边坡脚下的人员、建筑物和设备的安全构成严重威胁。因此,合理评估变形体的稳定性,准确预测变形体可能的损伤程度是当务之急。同时,对保证工程建设的顺利进行具有深远的意义。本文以某物料堆场开挖引起的变形体为例,通过分析变形体的变形特征,运用极限平衡理论和三维数值模拟方法,系统地评价了变形体的稳定性及其破坏影响范围,为工程的安全运行提供了理论依据。变形体区位于丰宁燕山高山区,地形起伏,地貌属于高山丘陵地带。坡向西南倾斜,整体坡度约40度,地形陡峭,植被发育。182地层岩性地层为中生代荔枝沟单元(Th)细粒二长花岗岩。岩石浅肉红色,少量细粒花岗岩纹理,块状结构,粒度一般为1 ~ 2mm。地表部分被滑坡和沉积物覆盖,厚度一般小于2m,主要为基岩风化砂、砾石等松散结构。渭长县城以北42°C线康保-渭长深断裂是内蒙古-大兴安岭地槽褶皱系的活动带。本区太古宙基底碎屑普遍受岩浆岩作用改造,片麻岩不明显,偶有晚侏罗世样moras构造和晚侏罗世火山岩地层覆盖。工程区内新构造运动总体特征以整体隆升为主,第四纪断裂活动不明显,现代地震活动弱。近场未见破坏性地震记录,场地地震基本烈度为6度。2018年3月24日,在对廖窑子沟料场边坡进行检查时,发现II区边坡中部出现纵向穿透性裂缝,高程1200m处出现马道排水沟裂缝。开挖边坡上方梁裂缝(标高约1340m)为圆椅形,后边缘张拉裂缝宽度约1.5m,落高约2m。开挖边坡前缘混凝土喷淋层局部膨胀脱落(图1)。混凝土喷射层后边缘张拉裂缝与胀落。
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引用次数: 0
Opportunities and Challenges for Construction of Substation Facilities under the Background of Ubiquitous Energy Internet of Things 无处不在的能源物联网背景下变电站设施建设的机遇与挑战
Pub Date : 2019-10-22 DOI: 10.12783/dteees/eece2019/31570
Jianjun Hou, Lina Zhang, Yun-guo Yang, Peng Wang, Gang Shen, Shaofeng Wang, Junjie Yan, Zhi-xia Zhang
Under the background of global clean and low-carbon energy development, it is more important to improve the operational energy efficiency of power grid. By analyzing the ubiquitous energy Internet of things (UEIOT) and its important construction direction, the integration directions of the transformation and substation’s construction are proposed, which provides an important reference for the construction of UEIOT.
在全球清洁低碳能源发展的大背景下,提高电网的运行能效显得尤为重要。通过对无处不在的能源物联网(UEIOT)及其重要建设方向的分析,提出了变电所建设的一体化方向,为UEIOT的建设提供了重要参考。
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引用次数: 0
Current Situation, Challenges and Strategies of Energy International Cooperation for Local Government under the “Belt and Road” “一带一路”背景下地方政府能源国际合作的现状、挑战与对策
Pub Date : 2019-10-22 DOI: 10.12783/dteees/eece2019/31520
Shi-gang Yan
International energy cooperation under the Belt and Road initiative plays a significant role in maintaining energy security and promoting economic and social development in China. This paper analyzed the current situation of energy international cooperation for local government, and stated the main challenges of energy international cooperation for local government under the “Belt and Road”. Finally, this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to strengthen international energy cooperation for local government under the Belt and Road initiative.
“一带一路”倡议下的国际能源合作对维护中国能源安全、促进中国经济社会发展具有重要作用。本文分析了地方政府能源国际合作的现状,阐述了“一带一路”背景下地方政府能源国际合作面临的主要挑战。最后,本文为地方政府在“一带一路”倡议下加强国际能源合作提出了对策建议。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis on Social Effect for Three Models of the Straw Power Plant Supply Chain 秸秆发电厂供应链三种模式的社会效应分析
Pub Date : 2019-10-22 DOI: 10.12783/dteees/eece2019/31528
Peiqi Wang
Crop straw power plant is environmental-friendly, but crop straw has low density, so the efficiency of the collection and transportation is very low, and per unit of weight crop straw reutilization will more expensive and make more pollution. In this paper, based on ABC (Activity Based Costing) and LCA (Life Cycle Assessment), the data of economic and environmental performance in the crop straw power plant supply chain are analyzed through quantitative calculation of cost and pollution of per unit weight. We find compression ratio in the pretreatment is key factor. Compression ratio is higher, economic and environmental performance is better, but it needs more investment. With straw supply uncertainty, compression ratio in straw supply chain needs balance.
农作物秸秆发电厂是环保的,但农作物秸秆密度低,因此收集和运输的效率很低,单位重量农作物秸秆的再利用会更昂贵,造成更大的污染。本文以作业成本法(ABC)和生命周期评价法(LCA)为基础,通过单位重量成本和污染的定量计算,分析了农作物秸秆发电厂供应链的经济和环境绩效数据。结果表明,压缩比是影响预处理效果的关键因素。压缩比越高,经济环保性能越好,但需要更多的投资。由于秸秆供应的不确定性,秸秆供应链中的压缩比需要平衡。
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引用次数: 0
Research Progress on the Removal of Organic Pollutants Removal by Sodium Persulfate and Calcium Peroxide 过硫酸钠和过氧化钙去除有机污染物的研究进展
Pub Date : 2019-10-22 DOI: 10.12783/dteees/eece2019/31544
Ke-gang Zhang, Xiaodong Wang, Shengping Peng, Zhenchao Zhao
In situ chemical oxidation has the advantages of simplicity, rapidity and thoroughness in removing some biodegradable pollutants (such as trichloroethylene). This paper reviews the research progress of three environmentally friendly oxidants, hydrogen peroxide, calcium peroxide and sodium persulfate, in environmental remediation. This paper mainly traces back the literature from two aspects and summarizes the following: on the one hand, the mechanism of free radicals generated by catalytic activation of hydrogen peroxide, calcium peroxide and sodium persulfate; on the other hand, the main factors affecting the removal of groundwater chlorinated hydrocarbons and other organic pollutants by these three oxidants. Introduction In recent years, along with our country economic and accelerating process of industrialization, "half astern into three", "city back into the garden" policy of further implement, a large number of polluting enterprises were forced to move, the transformation or even shut down production, lead to the city and its surrounding areas appear a large number of industrial pollution of legacy abandoned field[1], causing serious pollution of groundwater and soil, especially with trichloroethylene serious, and the organic pollutant has the "three" effect, a serious threat to human body health[2-4], people urgently need to take quick and effective measures to governance. Method for In-situ Remediation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Pollution The treatment of chlorinated hydrocarbon pollution represented by TCE and PCE in groundwater has been studied abroad for decades. The treatment methods include ectopic remediation and in situ remediation. Ectopic remediation requires turning over and excavating the soil, so that the soil structure is damaged and the cost is high, which is suitable for the treatment of areas with small contaminated areas[5].In-situ remediation USES a variety of techniques to degrade or remove contaminants in the source area (aerated zone, groundwater).At present, existing in situ remediation technologies are mainly permeable reactive barrier (PRB) and other technologies that integrate biology, chemistry and physics[7].In situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) is a method of feeding chemical oxidants into the contaminated in-situ regions to remove pollutants. This method relies on the strong oxidation of oxidants to break the chemical bonds of organic compounds such as chlorinated hydrocarbons and make them into harmless substances such as chloride ions, carbon dioxide and water. The chemical oxidants used must have little harm to the environment and be able to effectively destroy pollutants and make the generated oxidation products harmless[8]. Generally speaking, oxidants in ISCO should follow the following principles[9]: first, the reaction must be strong enough to remove pollutants through degradation, evaporation and precipitation, and eliminate or reduce the toxicity of pollutants; Secondly, the oxidants and reaction products
原位化学氧化法在去除一些可生物降解的污染物(如三氯乙烯)方面具有简单、快速和彻底的优点。本文综述了过氧化氢、过氧化钙和过硫酸钠三种环保型氧化剂在环境修复中的研究进展。本文主要从两个方面对文献进行追溯,总结如下:一方面,过氧化氢、过氧化钙和过硫酸钠催化活化产生自由基的机理;另一方面,研究了影响这三种氧化剂去除地下水氯代烃等有机污染物的主要因素。近年来,随着我国经济和工业化进程的加快,“半退三进”、“城市退园”政策的进一步实施,大量污染企业被迫搬迁、改造甚至停产,导致城市及其周边地区出现了大量工业污染遗留的废弃场区,造成地下水和土壤的严重污染。特别是与三氯乙烯严重,并具有“三”效应的有机污染物,严重威胁人体健康[2-4],迫切需要人们采取快速有效的措施进行治理。国外对地下水中以TCE和PCE为代表的氯化烃污染的治理研究已有几十年的历史。处理方法包括异位修复和原位修复。异位修复需要翻土挖土,破坏土壤结构,成本高,适用于污染面积小的地区[5]的处理。原位修复使用各种技术来降解或去除源区域(曝气区,地下水)的污染物。目前,现有的原位修复技术主要是渗透性反应屏障(PRB)等生物、化学和物理相结合的技术。原位化学氧化(ISCO)是一种将化学氧化剂注入污染现场以去除污染物的方法。这种方法依靠氧化剂的强烈氧化作用,打破氯化烃等有机化合物的化学键,使其变成氯离子、二氧化碳和水等无害物质。所使用的化学氧化剂必须对环境危害小,并能有效地破坏污染物,使生成的氧化产物无害。一般来说,ISCO中的氧化剂应遵循以下原则[9]:第一,反应必须足够强,能通过降解、蒸发和沉淀去除污染物,消除或降低污染物的毒性;其次,氧化剂和反应产物应对人体无害。最后,修复过程应该是实用和经济的。常见的化学氧化剂有高锰酸钾(KMnO4)、臭氧(O3)、过氧化氢(H2O2)、过硫酸钠(Na2S2O8)和过氧化钙(CaO2)。
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引用次数: 0
Optimization of Fire Retardants in a Formulations of Intumescent Fire Retardant Coatings for Steel Structure via a D-optimal Mixture Design Based on Response Surface Methodology 基于响应面法的d -最优混合设计优化钢结构膨胀型防火涂料配方中的阻燃剂
Pub Date : 2019-10-22 DOI: 10.12783/dteees/eece2019/31567
Jian Hu
Response surface methodology (RSM) is a very efficient tool to provide a good practical insight into developing new process and optimizing them. This methodology could help engineers to raise a mathematical model to represent the behavior of system as a convincing function of process parameters. Many experiments in research and development in the paint preparation involve mixture components. These are experiments with mixtures in which the experimental factors are the components of a mixture and the response variable depends on the relative proportion of each components, but not on the absolute amount of the mixture. Thus the mixture components cannot be varied independently. Optimizing the formulations for a preparation of intumescent fire-resistant coating requires the fire resistant effectiveness of several fire retardants combinations to be determined. We discuss the design and analysis of these types of experiments, presents a D-optimal design methodology for computer aided experimental design for fire retardant coating formulations involve mixture components, exemplifies the benefits of using design of experiments(DOE) together with statistical software package to facilitate the formulating of recipe for structural steelworks. Goal of this paper is to encourage greater utilization of information technology in paint preparation research and development. Introduction The use of fire-resistant coatings is one of the most efficient ways to protect materials against fire[1]. Intumescent fire-resistant systems are chemical compounds which, when heated, melt, bubble and form a foamed char which acts as insulation for underlying steel structures[2]. Intumescent fire-retardant coatings composition usually contain three fundamental active ingredients: a carbon source (such as pentaerythritol-PER), a blowing agent (most often melamine-MEL), an acid source (generally ammonium polyphosphate-APP), and they are linked together by a binder such as polymer materials. Optimizing the formulations for a preparation of intumescent fire-resistant coating(IFRC) requires the fire resistant usefulness of several fire retardants collaboration to be confirmed. Three fire retardants were tested in this study: ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol and melamine. Their fire resistant effects were evaluated using the fire-resistance tests of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) [3]. From a limited number of experiments, a D-optimal mixture design was used to give a maximum of information. The main objective of the research presented here was to carry out multivariate analysis upon data from the experiment design based on Design Expert® software. We analyze our investigation results with the help of the MODDE software and to formulate coatings convincing requirements of the ISO 834-1:1999. Multivariate analysis is a statistical tool that can be used to determine the contributing effect(s) of and identify relationships between independent variables and
响应面方法(RSM)是一种非常有效的工具,为开发和优化新工艺提供了很好的实践见解。该方法可以帮助工程师建立一个数学模型,将系统的行为表示为一个令人信服的过程参数函数。在涂料制备的研究和开发中,许多实验都涉及到混合成分。这些是用混合物进行的实验,其中实验因素是混合物的组成部分,响应变量取决于每种成分的相对比例,而不是混合物的绝对数量。因此,混合成分不能独立变化。优化用于制备膨胀型耐火涂料的配方需要确定几种阻燃剂组合的耐火有效性。我们讨论了这些类型的实验设计和分析,提出了一种d -最优设计方法,用于涉及混合组分的阻燃涂料配方的计算机辅助实验设计,并举例说明了使用实验设计(DOE)与统计软件包一起促进结构钢配方制定的好处。本文的目的是鼓励在涂料制备研究和开发中更多地利用信息技术。防火涂料的使用是保护材料防火的最有效方法之一[1]。膨胀防火系统是一种化合物,当加热时,它会熔化、起泡并形成泡沫炭,作为底层钢结构的绝缘材料[2]。膨胀型阻燃涂料组合物通常包含三种基本活性成分:碳源(如季戊四醇- per)、发泡剂(最常见的是三聚氰胺- mel)、酸源(通常是聚磷酸铵- app),它们通过聚合物材料等粘结剂连接在一起。为了优化膨胀型防火涂料(IFRC)的配方,需要确定几种阻燃剂的阻燃作用。本研究测试了三种阻燃剂:聚磷酸铵、季戊四醇和三聚氰胺。采用国际标准化组织(ISO)的耐火测试对其耐火效果进行了评价[3]。从有限数量的实验中,采用d -最优混合设计来提供最大的信息。本研究的主要目的是基于design Expert®软件对实验设计的数据进行多变量分析。我们在MODDE软件的帮助下分析了我们的调查结果,并制定了符合ISO 834- 1:20 99要求的涂料。多变量分析是一种统计工具,可用于确定多变量系统中自变量和因变量之间的贡献效应和关系。因变量是由一个或多个独立变量预测或解释的不受控制的变量。自变量是一个可以控制(改变)的量,可用作因变量的预测或解释变量。独立的
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引用次数: 0
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DEStech Transactions on Environment, Energy and Earth Sciences
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