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Green Development in China: Connotation and the Path 中国的绿色发展:内涵与路径
Pub Date : 2019-10-22 DOI: 10.12783/dteees/eece2019/31553
X. Qian
the paper analysis the connotation of green development of the China, and analysis the evolution of China's green development. The paper also analysis the path of Chinese green development: promoting the greening of production methods, technological innovation, institutional innovation, and promoting green development with a low-carbon economy.
本文分析了中国绿色发展的内涵,分析了中国绿色发展的演进。文章还分析了中国绿色发展的路径:推进生产方式绿色化、技术创新、制度创新、低碳经济绿色发展。
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引用次数: 0
Game on Pricing of a Micro Grid Based on Multi-agent System Considering New Energy Consumption 考虑新能源消耗的多智能体系统微电网定价博弈
Pub Date : 2019-10-22 DOI: 10.12783/dteees/eece2019/31534
Pei-guang Chen, Shi Zuo, Hao Li
Based on the analysis of the characteristics of micro grid, we established a micro grid power market with the multi-agent theory to mode the interaction between micro grid and large grid. Then the Nash game theory was used to analyze the bidding strategy of micro grid considering a power market with imperfect competition. We found that the bidding strategy with high proportion factor and low cost quotation of micro grid can maximize the system’s profit. Although the change of any micro grid’s bidding strategy will lead to the adjustment of bidding strategy of other micro grids, the system will eventually achieve Nash equilibrium. Finally, we obtained the optimal bidding strategy and selection scheme of micro grid to maximize the micro grid’s profit through numerical analysis. Introduction Smart grid is considered as the next-generation power network. Its most important aim is to improve the energy efficiency, quality and reliability of the power system. It is also the inevitable result of the innovation and sustainable development of distributed generation and energy storage, advanced power electronics and modern communication technologies [1] . In order to efficiently and reliably manage and operate such an important and complex architecture, the micro grid (MG), as the most important component of smart grid, can integrate and coordinate the distributed MG through the distributed energy resource management platform. Distributed generation (DG) is that the power generation facilities placed directly in the distribution network or distributed near the load, generating electricity economically, efficiently and reliably [2] . Power generation facilities in the distributed generation system are called as distributed power sources including wind power generation, solar power generation, fuel cells, and micro gas turbines, et al. These power supplies usually have a small power generation (typically less than 50 MW) and are close to the user. They can generally supply power directly to nearby loads or output power to the grid as needed. This is called as distributed energy resources(DER) [3] . The efficient introduction of MG faces numerous challenges on many fronts such as design, control, and implementation [4] . Although many programs have been made in the MG generation technology, electricity trades among MGs have received limited attention [5] . In recent years, smart grid pricing related to electricity trades has always been a very important topic. In this field, some researches focused on demand-side management [6-8] . Also, some research studied the pricing mechanism of power market with different bidding models [9-11] . Consider the rapid development of MG technology, microeconomic analysis on power pricing considering a finite number of agents in the power market is important for the success of MG. In this paper, we construct a multi-agent system based power trading market with micro-grid, and investigate the optimal bidding strategy for micro
在分析微网特点的基础上,运用多智能体理论建立微网电力市场,对微网与大网之间的相互作用进行建模。然后运用纳什博弈论分析了考虑不完全竞争的电力市场下微电网的竞价策略。研究发现,采用高比例因子、低成本报价的微网竞价策略可以实现系统利润最大化。虽然任何一个微网的竞价策略的改变都会引起其他微网竞价策略的调整,但系统最终会达到纳什均衡。最后,通过数值分析,得到了微网利润最大化的最优竞价策略和选择方案。智能电网被认为是下一代电网。其最重要的目标是提高电力系统的能效、质量和可靠性。这也是分布式发电和储能、先进电力电子技术和现代通信技术创新和可持续发展的必然结果[1]。为了高效、可靠地管理和运行这样一个重要而复杂的体系结构,微网作为智能电网最重要的组成部分,可以通过分布式能源管理平台对分布式微网进行集成和协调。分布式发电(DG)是指直接置于配电网中或分布在负荷附近,能够经济、高效、可靠地发电的发电设施[2]。分布式发电系统中的发电设施称为分布式电源,包括风力发电、太阳能发电、燃料电池、微型燃气轮机等。这些电源通常有一个小的发电量(通常小于50兆瓦),并接近用户。它们通常可以直接向附近的负载供电,或者根据需要向电网输出电力。这被称为分布式能源(DER)[3]。MG的有效引入面临着许多方面的挑战,如设计、控制和实施[4]。虽然在MG发电技术方面已经有很多项目,但是MG之间的电力交易却受到了有限的关注[5]。近年来,与电力交易相关的智能电网定价一直是一个非常重要的课题。在这一领域,一些研究侧重于需求侧管理[6-8]。也有研究对不同竞价模式下电力市场的定价机制进行了研究[9-11]。考虑到自主定价技术的快速发展,在电力市场中考虑有限主体数量的电价微观经济分析对于自主定价的成功具有重要意义。本文构建了一个基于多智能体系统的微电网电力交易市场,并运用纳什博弈理论研究了微电网的最优竞价策略。同时,按照市场出清竞价原则开发竞价机制和收益。
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引用次数: 0
Green Total Factor Productivity during the 12th Five-Year Plan Period in China: A Network Malmquist Productivity Index Analysis “十二五”期间中国绿色全要素生产率:基于马尔姆奎斯特生产率指数的网络分析
Pub Date : 2019-10-22 DOI: 10.12783/dteees/eece2019/31529
Wenyang Deng, Weina Zhu, Ziqun Lu
Because of the existence of the “black box” hypothesis, the internal operation mechanism of the economic development process is neglected. The paper describes the internal components and operation mechanism of the economic development process by constructing a network, consisting of economic production stage and environmental governance stage. The network Malmquist productivity index is employed to evaluate the green total factor productivity of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan period. The results show that: The overall environmental governance of China is in good condition. The change of network Malmquist productivity index is more closely related to the network technical change. The Malmquist productivity index of the whole network of economic development system shows an inverted "V" change, which is the same as that of two stages. The performance of the eastern region is the best, followed by the northeast region, the central region and the western region are below average.
由于“黑箱”假说的存在,忽视了经济发展过程的内在运行机制。本文通过构建一个由经济生产阶段和环境治理阶段组成的网络,描述了经济发展过程的内部组成和运行机制。采用网络Malmquist生产率指数对“十二五”期间中国绿色全要素生产率进行了评价。结果表明:中国整体环境治理状况良好。网络马尔姆奎斯特生产率指数的变化与网络技术变革的关系更为密切。整个经济发展系统网络的马尔姆奎斯特生产率指数呈倒“V”型变化,与两个阶段相同。东部地区表现最好,其次是东北地区,中部地区和西部地区均低于平均水平。
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引用次数: 0
Recovery and Treatment of Garlic Oil from Garlic Slices Processing Wastewater 大蒜片加工废水中大蒜油的回收与处理
Pub Date : 2019-10-22 DOI: 10.12783/dteees/eece2019/31542
S. Cui, Junbo Zhou, Yi Li, Chao Wang, Li-ping Gao
China is a big producer and exporter of dehydrated garlic slices. A large amount of garlic slices processing wastewater was produced every year, which contains garlic oil. In order to recycle and utilize this resource, this paper takes the local garlic slices processing wastewater in Jinxiang County of Shandong Province as the research object, and through "Microfiltration (MF)+Distillation". The method of distillation was used to extract garlic oil from garlic slice processing wastewater, and the effect of garlic slice cleaning process on garlic oil yield in wastewater was investigated. The results showed that the yield of garlic oil could reach 0.45‰ under the optimum cleaning conditions. Introduction Garlic slices is an important export agricultural product in China while a large number of processing wastewater are produced in the cleaning process of garlic slices. The discharge of the processing wastewater not only causes great harm to the environment but also seriously restricts the sustainable development of China's garlic industry [1]. The processing wastewater can also cause serious damage to the creatures and the environment. The main components of the garlic oil that cause environmental pollution are the garlic polysaccharides, the allicin and other organic compounds that are of economic value[2]. It is estimated that 17 to 20 tons of water to process per ton of garlic slices and there are 3.36 million tons of processing wastewater of garlic slices each year with the loss of about 30000 tons of garlic polysaccharide and 120 tons of the allicin [3]. The treatment technology of the processing wastewater of garlic slices is still in the research stage. At present, the treatment technology to processing wastewater of garlic slices is still at the stage of study, and there is less research on extracting garlic oil from processing wastewater of garlic slices. Existing extraction methods include organic solvent extraction[4] and resin adsorption[5]. The method of resin adsorption is a new type method of water treatment. It has innovative significance in the extraction of garlic oil, but due to the complex operation and high production costs, it has not been promoted. This experiment summarized existing experimental data, and comprehensively considered various influencing factors, and selected suitable experimental methods to extract garlic oil from wastewater. The garlic oil has antibacterial anti-inflammatory, improve immunity, anti-cancer and other anti-cancer effect, with high medical and health value[6]. In this paper, the experimental study of extracting garlic oil from garlic waste water can extract valuable resources from waste water, and the cost is low, so it has huge economic and social benefits. Materials and Methods Experimental Principle Garlic oil is a kind of yellow oily liquid with a strong spicy flavor that is insoluble in water and
中国是脱水大蒜片的生产和出口大国。我国每年生产大量大蒜片加工废水,其中含有大蒜油。为了回收利用这一资源,本文以山东省金乡县当地大蒜片加工废水为研究对象,通过“微滤(MF)+蒸馏”的方法进行处理。采用蒸馏法从大蒜片加工废水中提取大蒜油,考察了大蒜片清洗工艺对废水中大蒜油得率的影响。结果表明,在最佳清洗条件下,大蒜油得率可达0.45‰。大蒜片是中国重要的出口农产品,在大蒜片的清洗过程中会产生大量的加工废水。加工废水的排放不仅对环境造成极大危害,而且严重制约了中国大蒜产业的可持续发展。加工废水也会对生物和环境造成严重损害。大蒜油中造成环境污染的主要成分是大蒜多糖、大蒜素等具有经济价值的有机化合物。据测算,每吨大蒜片需要加工17 ~ 20吨水,每年大蒜片加工废水336万吨,其中大蒜多糖损失约3万吨,大蒜素损失约120吨。大蒜片加工废水的处理技术尚处于研究阶段。目前,大蒜片加工废水的处理技术还处于研究阶段,从大蒜片加工废水中提取大蒜油的研究较少。现有的提取方法有有机溶剂萃取[4]和树脂吸附[5]。树脂吸附法是一种新型的水处理方法。在大蒜油提取方面具有创新意义,但由于操作复杂,生产成本高,尚未推广。本实验在总结已有实验数据的基础上,综合考虑各种影响因素,选择合适的实验方法从废水中提取大蒜油。大蒜油具有抗菌消炎、提高免疫力、抗癌等抗癌作用,具有很高的医疗保健价值[6]。本文通过从大蒜废水中提取大蒜油的实验研究,可以从废水中提取有价值的资源,且成本较低,具有巨大的经济效益和社会效益。材料与方法实验原理:大蒜油是一种不溶于水、不溶于水、具有强烈辛辣味的黄色油状液体
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引用次数: 0
Assessment on Water Environmental Safety in Haihe River Basin in China 中国海河流域水环境安全评价
Pub Date : 2019-10-22 DOI: 10.12783/dteees/eece2019/31538
Siming You, Yi Lu, Xiuying Liu
Water environmental safety assessment and water pollution control are the key points embodying the construction of human ecological civilization and an important step in promoting the construction of beautiful China. The Haihe River Basin is currently one of the regions with the highest level of water resources utilization and the most scarce water resources in many river basins in China. This paper constructed an evaluation index system of water environment security, which includes three first-level indicators and 15 second-level indicators. The dynamic change process of water environment security in Haihe River Basin in 2006-2017 was evaluated by the improved comprehensive evaluation method and the entropy weight method. And the main factors affecting water security in the basin were identified. It is found that the main factors of water environment security in Haihe River Basin are water resources per capita, forest coverage and water consumption per capita, and the countermeasures. Some suggestions for improving water environment security in Haihe River Basin were put forward.
水环境安全评价和水污染防治是体现人类生态文明建设的重点,是推进美丽中国建设的重要举措。海河流域是目前中国众多流域中水资源利用水平最高、水资源最紧缺的地区之一。本文构建了水环境安全评价指标体系,包括3个一级指标和15个二级指标。采用改进的综合评价法和熵权法,对2006-2017年海河流域水环境安全的动态变化过程进行了评价。确定了影响流域水安全的主要因素。研究发现,影响海河流域水环境安全的主要因素是人均水资源、人均森林覆盖率和人均用水量,并提出了相应的对策。提出了改善海河流域水环境安全的建议。
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引用次数: 0
Temperature Rise Study on Aircraft Engine Fluid Distribution Tubes Subjected to Oil Burner 燃油燃烧器作用下飞机发动机配液管温升研究
Pub Date : 2019-10-22 DOI: 10.12783/dteees/eece2019/31526
Long Chen, Y. Chen, Xinshi Yu, Wen-ting Bao
There are lots of tubes in aircraft engine nacelle to transfer different kinds of fluid to other parts of the aircraft. These tubes is required to be tested by standard oil burner, which provides an environment of temperature about 2000 °F and heat flux about 11.9 W/m. The purpose of this paper is to achieve a better understanding of the heat transfer process of tube fire test and make prediction on the temperature rise before samples were subjected to the test facility. The flow rate was studied by both theoretical and experimental method to determine its influence on temperature rise. Also, temperature rise of Jet A-1 fuel and lubricant RIPP 4050, which have different fluid characteristics, was used for comparison of the model. The result shows a good compliance between theoretical value and experimental measurements. Introduction Tubes are widely used in aircraft engine nacelles, distributing fuel, lubricant and hydraulic oil to other parts of the aircraft. As the space around engine is a most hazardous zone because of its high temperature and strong vibration, these hose assembly that carries flammable fluid is required to withstand the fire resistance test by airworthiness regulations. Tubes and connectors, no matter whether it’s made of metallic or non-metallic material, is required to be subjected to a standard kerosene flame by certain paragraphs of CCAR23.1183, CCAR 25.1183 and CCAR27.1183. As the type of carrying fluid differs, the flow rate in tubes varies greatly. Fuel distribution tube of some large transportation category aircraft may have a flow rate up to tens of thousands of liters per hour, while flow rate of hydraulic oil tube of some little aircraft may be 100 liters per hour or even lower. Because fluid acts as the temperature reducer for tubes, low flow rate is utilized in fire resistance test to represent the harshest condition for conservative considerations. Theoretical Analysis As the oil flows steadily and continuously within the tube by oil pump, the flow could be seen as a well-developed flow and the distribution of temperature field depends on whether the flow is turbulent or laminal. The Renault number, ReD, is determined by Eq. 1, ReD ≡ ρumD μ = 4?̇? πDρν = 4?̇? πDν , (1) Where ρ is the density of the fluid umis the average velocity of flow μ is the kinetic viscosity of fluid ν is the dynamic viscosity of fluid D is the inner diameter of the tube ?̇? is the mass flow rate The flow rates in this paper range from 50L/h to 200L/h, put the characteristics of fuel and hydraulic oil into calculation, the Renault numbers of both fluids are not greater than 2000, while the
飞机发动机舱内有许多管道,用来将不同种类的流体输送到飞机的其他部分。这些管需要通过标准油燃烧器进行测试,该燃烧器提供的环境温度约为2000°F,热流密度约为11.9 W/m。本文的目的是为了更好地了解管火试验的传热过程,并对试样进入试验装置前的温升进行预测。通过理论和实验两种方法研究了流量对温升的影响。同时,采用不同流体特性的Jet A-1燃油和润滑油RIPP 4050的温升进行模型比较。结果表明,理论值与实验值吻合较好。导管广泛应用于飞机发动机舱,将燃油、润滑油和液压油输送到飞机的其他部件。由于发动机周围的空间温度高、振动大,是最危险的区域,因此这些携带可燃液体的软管组件必须通过适航规定的耐火性测试。根据CCAR23.1183、CCAR 25.1183和CCAR27.1183的某些条款,无论是金属材料还是非金属材料制成的管子和连接器都必须经过标准的煤油火焰。由于携带流体类型的不同,管道内的流量变化很大。一些大型运输类飞机的配油管流量可达数万升/小时,而一些小型飞机的液压油管流量可达100升/小时甚至更低。由于流体在管道中起着降温剂的作用,因此出于保守考虑,在耐火测试中采用低流量来代表最恶劣的条件。由于油通过油泵在管内稳定、连续地流动,因此可以看作是一种发育良好的流动,温度场的分布取决于流动是紊流还是层流。雷诺数ReD由式1确定,ReD≡ρumD μ = 4?π ρν = 4?πDν,(1)式中ρ为流体的密度,μ为流体的平均流速,μ为流体的动力粘度,ν为流体的动力粘度,D为管内内径?本文的流量范围为50L/h ~ 200L/h,结合燃油和液压油的特性进行计算,两种流体的雷诺数均不大于2000,而
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引用次数: 0
Preparation of Zinc Oxide Nanorods Array and Its Application in Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenol Wastewater 氧化锌纳米棒阵列的制备及其在光催化降解苯酚废水中的应用
Pub Date : 2019-10-22 DOI: 10.12783/dteees/eece2019/31521
Hui-ling Du, Fenglin Wang, Bao-yuan Pan, P. Dong, M. Qu
ZnO nanorod arrays were prepared by the hydrothermal synthesis. SEM images were used to observe the morphologies of ZnO nanorod arrays. The phase structures of ZnO nanorod arrays were characterized by means of XRD. The phenol wastewater was degraded with ZnO nanorod as catalyst. The effects of UV light application time and ZnO nanorod catalyst quantity on phenol removal efficiency were investigated. The results show that the phenol removal efficiency is as high as 70.12% when 5.7 mg ZnO nanorod catalyst is added, pH is 7.3, and UV light application time is 2 h. The ZnO nanorod arrays prepared under the action of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) have greater order than that prepared by conversional hydrothermal synthesis. The catalytic performance of ZnO nanorod arrays prepared with PEMF is better accordingly. Introduction Phenol is a kind of extremely nerve poison and causticity chemical substance, which is harmful to all life-form, especially to aquatic life. The characters of phenol wastewater are non-biodegradable, wide source, and seriously hazardous [1-4] . It is necessary for phenol wastewater treatment to find an effective technology. The treatment methods of phenol wastewater include traditional technology and advanced oxidation processes. However, traditional methods such as physical adsorption, coagulation, chemical oxidation and biological treatment are likely to cause secondary pollution [5,6] . Photocatalysis technique as an important advanced oxidation technology is widely researched in organic wastewater treatment. Owing to the small size effect, high surface effect and quantum size effect, nano particles exhibit excellent characters in catalyst fields [7-12] . Nanometer materials such as titanium dioxide and zinc oxide are usually used as photocatalysts to degrade organic pollutants [7,8,10-12] . Previous research has shown that the degradation effects of phenolic wastewater are satisfied using ZnO nanoparticles or ZnO thin as photocatalysts [12-16] . Especially supported nanometer ZnO is characterized by not easy to run off, easy to recover and separate, no secondary pollution in the process of wastewater treatment. In this study, ZnO nanorod arrays are prepared by the hydrothermal synthesis, and the ZnO nanorod samples are used as catalysts to treat simulated wastewater of phenol. Experimental Main chemicals. C6H6O (Tianjin Tianda Chemical Experimental Plant), ZnCl2 (Yanggu Zhongtian Zinc Industry Co., Ltd.), Zn(Ac)2 (Shanghai Xinbao Fine Chemical Plant), C2H5ONH4 (Tianjin Damao Chemical Reagent Factory), C11H13N3O (Tianjin Jinbei Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.) and K3Fe(CN)6 (Tianjin Tianyi Chemical Reagent Factory) were of analytical grade and used as received without further purification. Preparation of ZnO nanorod array. When reaction time was 4 h, Zinc chloride precursor solution concentration was 0.12 mol/L and reaction temperature was 90°C, ZnO nanorod array sample 1 was synthesized via a hydrothermal method [17] . The ZnO na
采用水热合成法制备了ZnO纳米棒阵列。利用扫描电镜观察了ZnO纳米棒阵列的形貌。采用XRD对ZnO纳米棒阵列的相结构进行了表征。以ZnO纳米棒为催化剂对苯酚废水进行了降解。考察了紫外光照射时间和氧化锌纳米棒催化剂用量对苯酚去除率的影响。结果表明,当ZnO纳米棒催化剂添加量为5.7 mg、pH值为7.3、紫外光作用时间为2 h时,苯酚的去除率高达70.12%。脉冲电磁场(PEMF)作用下制备的ZnO纳米棒阵列比转化水热合成法制备的ZnO纳米棒阵列有序度更高。用PEMF制备的ZnO纳米棒阵列的催化性能也相应较好。苯酚是一种极具神经毒性和腐蚀性的化学物质,对所有生物,尤其是水生生物都有害。苯酚废水具有不可生物降解、来源广、危害严重等特点[1-4]。寻找一种有效的工艺是处理含酚废水的必要条件。苯酚废水的处理方法包括传统工艺和高级氧化工艺。而传统的物理吸附、混凝、化学氧化、生物处理等方法容易造成二次污染[5,6]。光催化技术作为一种重要的高级氧化技术在有机废水处理中得到了广泛的研究。由于小尺寸效应、高表面效应和量子尺寸效应,纳米颗粒在催化剂领域表现出优异的性能[7-12]。二氧化钛、氧化锌等纳米材料通常作为光催化剂用于降解有机污染物[7,8,10-12]。已有研究表明,采用纳米氧化锌或薄氧化锌作为光催化剂,可以满足对含酚废水的降解效果[12-16]。特别是负载型纳米ZnO具有不易流失、易于回收分离、在废水处理过程中无二次污染等特点。本研究采用水热合成法制备了ZnO纳米棒阵列,并将ZnO纳米棒样品作为催化剂处理苯酚模拟废水。主要化学品。c6h60(天津天达化学实验厂)、ZnCl2(阳谷中天锌业有限公司)、Zn(Ac)2(上海新宝精细化工厂)、C2H5ONH4(天津达茂化学试剂厂)、c11h13n30(天津金杯精细化工有限公司)和K3Fe(CN)6(天津天一化学试剂厂)为分析级,收来即用,无需进一步提纯。ZnO纳米棒阵列的制备。当反应时间为4 h,氯化锌前驱体溶液浓度为0.12 mol/L,反应温度为90℃时,采用水热法合成ZnO纳米棒阵列样品1[17]。制备的ZnO纳米棒阵列样品2的制备条件与样品1相似,但在将反应器放入恒温干燥箱之前,使用了外部电磁场(参数为脉冲电压400 V,脉冲频率5 Hz,处理时间60 s)(见图1)。ZnO纳米棒阵列的制备方案。ZnO纳米棒的表征。采用Cu Kα辐射(λ=0.154178 nm),在2θ范围为20°~ 80°的D/max-Rigaku XRD衍射仪上进行了相结构的测定。利用扫描电镜(SEM) (HITACHI S-3000 N)研究了样品的形貌。通过紫外光照射对模拟苯酚废水的降解,考察了ZnO纳米棒样品的光催化活性。紫外灯与废水液面距离为8 cm。反应温度为20℃。每次实验将样品放入含苯酚(5 mg)的苯酚废水(100 mL)中。根据《水质挥发性酚类化合物测定- 4- aap分光光度法》(HJ 503-2009),采用722N可见分光光度仪测定光降解过程后溶液中残留的挥发性酚类化合物。ZnO纳米棒阵列表征的结果与讨论。用SEM对ZnO纳米棒样品1和样品2进行了形貌表征。样品1和样品2的SEM图像分别如图2和图3所示。这些SEM显微图可以证明PEMF对ZnO纳米棒形貌和尺寸的影响。样品的平均直径、平均长度和纵横比见表1。表1。样品的平均直径、平均长度和纵横比。样品平均直径(nm)平均长度(nm)宽高比样品1 30
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引用次数: 0
Cause Analysis of Abutment Toppling Deformation of a Hydropower Station in Southwest China 西南某水电站桥台倾倒变形原因分析
Pub Date : 2019-10-22 DOI: 10.12783/dteees/eece2019/31563
Jingqing Lv, Faming Zhang, B. Luo, Xiao-dong Cheng
Toppling deformation and failure is a typical form of instability of rock mass deformation and failure on anti-inclined slope in alpine gorge area. Based on the analysis of the distribution characteristics of the toppling deformation body in a hydropower station reservoir area in southwest China, this paper simulated the relationship between the distribution of river terraces and the toppling deformation body by using the discrete element method, and the conclusion that the influence of river downcutting on the toppling deformation is obtained. Introduction Toppling deformation is closely related to engineering construction, involving water conservancy, transportation, mining and other industries, such as Jinchuan open pit slope [1] , Jinping I hydropower station left bank slope [2] , Xiaowan Hydropower Station drinking ditch slope [3] , Changma reservoir toppling deformation slope [4] , Xiaolangdi reservoir area bank slope [5] , etc. In order to ensure the normal construction and safe operation of the project, it is of great practical significance to study the formation mechanism and stability of the toppling deformation slope. In the 1950s, foreign scholars began to study the phenomenon of toppling deformation. After decades of unremitting research, scholars have made fruitful achievements in the deformation characteristics, genetic mechanism and stability analysis of toppling deformed rock mass. Distribution Characteristics of Toppling Deformation Rock Mass 24 toppling deformation bodies are distributed in the reservoir area of a hydropower station from dam site to reservoir tail within 60 km. There are 20 toppling deformation bodies on the right bank and 4 toppling deformation bodies on the left bank. Due to the influence of regional tectonic activities, the structure of the right bank slope is dominated by reverse slope and slope, while the left bank is dominated by forward slope. According to the investigation, more toppling deformed bodies are found in the position of well-developed gully, and have a larger development range and a larger amount of deformation. Main Deformation and Failure Forms of Toppling Deformation Rock Mass According to the investigation and analysis of the deformation and failure phenomena of the toppling slope, there are four types of deformation and failure of the toppling slope: the toppling bending deformation, the toppling fracture deformation, the toppling tension deformation and the toppling creep deformation. Toppling Bending Deformation The lithology of toppling bending deformation is generally thin bedded slate and phyllite slate, mainly soft rock. In the long-term geological and history, under the effect of the gravity of rock mass itself,
倾倒变形破坏是高寒峡谷地区抗倾斜边坡岩体变形破坏的一种典型失稳形式。本文在分析西南某水电站库区倾倒变形体分布特征的基础上,采用离散元法模拟了河流阶地的分布与倾倒变形体的关系,得出了河流下切对倾倒变形的影响。为了保证工程的正常施工和安全运行,研究倾倒变形边坡的形成机理和稳定性具有重要的现实意义。20世纪50年代,国外学者开始研究倾倒变形现象。经过几十年的不懈研究,学者们在倾倒变形岩体的变形特征、成因机制和稳定性分析等方面取得了丰硕的成果。某水电站库区从坝址至库尾60km范围内分布有24个倾倒变形体。右岸有20个倾倒变形体,左岸有4个倾倒变形体。受区域构造活动的影响,右岸斜坡构造以逆坡和斜坡为主,左岸以正坡为主。调查发现,在发育较好的沟壑位置,倾倒变形体较多,且发育范围较大,变形量较大。倾倒变形岩体的主要变形破坏形式通过对倾倒边坡变形破坏现象的调查分析,得出倾倒边坡的变形破坏形式主要有4种:倾倒弯曲变形、倾倒断裂变形、倾倒拉伸变形和倾倒蠕变变形。倾倒弯曲变形的岩性一般为薄层板岩和千层板岩,以软岩为主。在长期的地质和历史过程中,在岩体自身重力的作用下,
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引用次数: 0
China Research Status of Ground Landscape Design for Subway Entrances and Exits 中国地铁出入口地面景观设计研究现状
Pub Date : 2019-10-22 DOI: 10.12783/dteees/eece2019/31547
Xiaolei Wu, Feng Liu
Main domestic documents about subway entrance landscape design has been analyzed. It has been concluded that subway entrance landscape concept, interaction of subway entrance and surrounding landscape, common features and individual features of subway entrance landscape, elements of subway entrance landscape, design strategies and design principles of subway entrance landscape, the optimization strategy for subway entrance landscape, subway entrance landscape element comment system establishing. And the research direction in the future has been raised.
分析了国内有关地铁出入口景观设计的主要文献。总结了地铁出入口景观的概念、地铁出入口与周边景观的互动、地铁出入口景观的共同特征与个性特征、地铁出入口景观的要素、地铁出入口景观的设计策略与设计原则、地铁出入口景观的优化策略、地铁出入口景观要素评价体系的建立。并提出了今后的研究方向。
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引用次数: 0
Numerical Simulation Analysis of Wind Interference Effects on Low-rise Gable Roof Buildings 风干扰对低层山墙建筑影响的数值模拟分析
Pub Date : 2019-10-22 DOI: 10.12783/dteees/eece2019/31566
Yi-min Dai, Yangjin Yuan, Shu Jiang, Chi-Yu Li, Kui Guo
A RNG   k model,the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations (RANS) turbulence model, was added in software Fluent 6.3 to simulate the wind tunnel model of Tokyo Polytechnic University and the simulating results were compared to the wind tunnel test data. Then a detailed parametric study is performed for average pressure coefficient of two low-rise gable roof buildings in the same shape which only change the angle of the downstream building. The results show that the mean wind pressure coefficient of upstream building is hardly affected by the angle changing of the downstream building when the distance between buildings is larger than twice of building’s width, while the downstream building is affected relatively large especially at the corner area of ridge at small angles. Introduction It is well established understanding of the failure mechanism and distribution of surface pressure on isolated low-rise building through studies of experts and scholars around the world in recent decades. Such as Zhou and Nie[1] systematically studied the influence of low-rise gable roof building wind pressure coefficient and the surface shape coefficient with different wind attack angle, roof pitch, eave length, eave height, and ratio of wall length to width. Li [2]and Dai[3]did a lot of wind tunnel tests and field measurements about low-rise buildings during typhoons, and some laws that low-rise building’s local surface wind pressure influenced by slope angle and wind direction were summarized. However, low-rise buildings are normally built in large groups and it has complicated wind interference effects among buildings, so some conclusions which came from studying isolated buildings were hard to apply in the practical engineering. Thus some experts and scholars started researching wind field and wind environment about grouped buildings after 1980s and some research results were obtained. Tsutsumiet[4]and Ho[5]discussed interference effect between low-rise buildings and obtained that the influence of wind interference effect was large when buildings built in group, and it should be pay more attention on the research of wind interference effect. Zhao et al.[6]simulated a common two dual-slope roof which in the same shape before and after the light steel plant layout with ANSYS Fluent software, obtained that wind interference should fully considered when the distance between two buildings less than twice the building’s width. Based on software of Fluent 6.3, this study simulated the wind tunnel model of Tokyo Polytechnic University and compared the results to wind tunnel data. Then mean wind pressure coefficient of two low-rise gable roof buildings in the same shape was simulated which only changing the angle of the downstream building, analysed the influence of angle changing to upstream and downstream buildings. It’s expected that the results would provide reference value for studying grouped low-rise buildings. Analysis of Numerical Simulation about Interfer
在Fluent 6.3软件中加入RNG模型——Reynolds average Navier-Stokes Equations (RANS)湍流模型,对东京工业大学的风洞模型进行模拟,并将模拟结果与风洞试验数据进行对比。在此基础上,对仅改变下游建筑角度的两座相同形状的低层山墙屋面建筑的平均压力系数进行了详细的参数化研究。结果表明:当建筑间距大于2倍建筑宽度时,上游建筑的平均风压系数几乎不受下游建筑角度变化的影响,而在小角度下,下游建筑受影响较大,尤其是在屋脊转角区域。通过近几十年来国内外专家学者的研究,对隔震低层建筑的破坏机制和表面压力分布已经有了较好的认识。Zhou、Nie等[1]系统地研究了不同迎风角、屋面间距、檐长、檐高、墙长宽比对低层山墙屋面建筑风压系数和面形系数的影响。Li[2]和Dai[3]在台风期间对低层建筑进行了大量风洞试验和现场测量,总结了低层建筑局部地面风压受坡角和风向影响的一些规律。然而,低层建筑通常是大量建造的,建筑间的风干扰效应复杂,因此,对孤立建筑的研究得出的一些结论很难在实际工程中应用。因此,20世纪80年代以后,一些专家学者开始对成组建筑的风场及风环境进行研究,并取得了一些研究成果。Tsutsumiet[4]和Ho[5]对低层建筑间的干扰效应进行了讨论,得出建筑成组时风干扰效应的影响较大,应重视对风干扰效应的研究。Zhao等[6]利用ANSYS Fluent软件对轻钢厂房布置前后形状相同的常见两个双坡屋面进行了模拟,得出当两座建筑之间的距离小于建筑宽度的两倍时,应充分考虑风干扰。本研究基于Fluent 6.3软件,对东京工业大学的风洞模型进行仿真,并与风洞数据进行对比。在此基础上,模拟了仅改变下游建筑角度的两种相同形状的低层山墙屋面建筑的平均风压系数,分析了角度变化对上下游建筑的影响。研究结果对研究成组低层建筑具有一定的参考价值。山墙屋顶建筑物干扰效应的数值模拟分析山墙屋顶建筑物一般为大型建筑群,且往往在同一区域内以相似的形状建造,但山墙屋顶的干扰效应是影响山墙结构的重要因素
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引用次数: 0
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DEStech Transactions on Environment, Energy and Earth Sciences
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