Pub Date : 2019-11-20DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.19.13.11.p1549
Augusto G. F. Costa, C. Maciel, Thiesli Rogoski, A. J. S. Lira, E. O. Helvig
With the growing need for greater operational capacity, information about the effect of application volume and spray nozzles on the quality of pesticide application are essential to obtain greater efficiency in pest management in cotton crops. This study aimed to assess the effect of the spraying volume and nozzles on the deposition of spray solution on cotton crops at the reproductive stage. The treatments of the first experiment correspond to the 55, 67, 140 and 194 L ha-1 volumes obtained by variation of the displacement speed using the XR11004 flat fan nozzle. In the second assay the treatments corresponded to the applications of MGA9004 (hollow cone), XR11004 (flat fan), AIXR11004 (air induction flat fan) and CVIA04 (air induction hollow cone) nozzles with 120 L ha-1. An artificial brilliant blue food dye (FD&C 1) was used as a tracer (2.5 g L-1) to determine the deposited volumes on the leaves of the upper, middle and lower third of cotton plants. The results showed that increase in the application volume contributed to obtain the larger deposits in the upper third of the cotton crop during its reproductive phase, especially up to 140 L ha-1, but did not exhibit a significant increase of the deposition in the middle and lower thirds of the plants. The MGA9004, XR11004 and AIXR11004 nozzles provided the largest deposits in the three plant sectors. The flat fan nozzles resulted in greater uniformity of deposits in the upper and middle thirds of the plants.
随着对更大操作能力的需求日益增长，有关施药量和喷嘴对施用农药质量的影响的信息对于提高棉花害虫管理的效率至关重要。本试验旨在评价喷施量和喷嘴对棉花生殖期喷施液沉积的影响。第一次试验的处理分别对应于XR11004平扇喷嘴通过改变排量速度得到的55、67、140和194 L ha-1体积。在第二次试验中，分别采用MGA9004(空心锥)、XR11004(扁平风扇)、AIXR11004(空气感应扁平风扇)和CVIA04(空气感应空心锥)喷嘴，流速为120 L ha-1。采用人工亮蓝色食用染料(fd&c1)作为示踪剂(2.5 g L-1)测定了棉花植株上、中、下三分之一叶片上的沉积体积。结果表明:随着施用量的增加，棉花生育期上三分之一的沉积量增加，特别是在140 L ha-1处，而中、下三分之一的沉积量增加不显著;MGA9004, XR11004和AIXR11004喷嘴在三个工厂部门中提供了最大的沉积物。扁平的风扇喷嘴使植物上部和中部三分之一的沉积物更加均匀。
{"title":"Spraying deposits using different nozzles and application volumes for pest management of cotton at reproductive stage","authors":"Augusto G. F. Costa, C. Maciel, Thiesli Rogoski, A. J. S. Lira, E. O. Helvig","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.19.13.11.p1549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.19.13.11.p1549","url":null,"abstract":"With the growing need for greater operational capacity, information about the effect of application volume and spray nozzles on the quality of pesticide application are essential to obtain greater efficiency in pest management in cotton crops. This study aimed to assess the effect of the spraying volume and nozzles on the deposition of spray solution on cotton crops at the reproductive stage. The treatments of the first experiment correspond to the 55, 67, 140 and 194 L ha-1 volumes obtained by variation of the displacement speed using the XR11004 flat fan nozzle. In the second assay the treatments corresponded to the applications of MGA9004 (hollow cone), XR11004 (flat fan), AIXR11004 (air induction flat fan) and CVIA04 (air induction hollow cone) nozzles with 120 L ha-1. An artificial brilliant blue food dye (FD&C 1) was used as a tracer (2.5 g L-1) to determine the deposited volumes on the leaves of the upper, middle and lower third of cotton plants. The results showed that increase in the application volume contributed to obtain the larger deposits in the upper third of the cotton crop during its reproductive phase, especially up to 140 L ha-1, but did not exhibit a significant increase of the deposition in the middle and lower thirds of the plants. The MGA9004, XR11004 and AIXR11004 nozzles provided the largest deposits in the three plant sectors. The flat fan nozzles resulted in greater uniformity of deposits in the upper and middle thirds of the plants.","PeriodicalId":11328,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, November 14, 2019","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86485889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-20DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.19.13.11.p1838
W. E. Santiago, N. J. Leite, B. Teruel, M. Karkee, C. A. Azania
Weeds interfere in agricultural production, causing a reduction in crop yields and quality. The identification of weed species and the level of infestation is very important for the definition of appropriate management strategies. This is especially true for sugarcane, which is widely produced around the world. The present study has sought to develop and evaluate the performance of the Bag-of-Features (BoF) approach for use as a tool to aid decision-making in weed management in sugarcane production. The support vector machine to build a mathematical model of rank consisted of 30553 25x25-pixel images. Statistical analysis demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed method in the identification and classification of crops and weeds, with an accuracy of 71.6% and a Kappa index of 0.43. Moreover, even under conditions of high weed density and large numbers of overlapping and/or occluded leaves, weeds could be distinguished from crops This study clearly shows that the system can provide important subsidies for the formulation of strategies for weed management, especially in sugarcane, for which the timing of weed control is crucial.
{"title":"Evaluation of bag-of-features (BoF) technique for weed management in sugarcane production","authors":"W. E. Santiago, N. J. Leite, B. Teruel, M. Karkee, C. A. Azania","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.19.13.11.p1838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.19.13.11.p1838","url":null,"abstract":"Weeds interfere in agricultural production, causing a reduction in crop yields and quality. The identification of weed species and the level of infestation is very important for the definition of appropriate management strategies. This is especially true for sugarcane, which is widely produced around the world. The present study has sought to develop and evaluate the performance of the Bag-of-Features (BoF) approach for use as a tool to aid decision-making in weed management in sugarcane production. The support vector machine to build a mathematical model of rank consisted of 30553 25x25-pixel images. Statistical analysis demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed method in the identification and classification of crops and weeds, with an accuracy of 71.6% and a Kappa index of 0.43. Moreover, even under conditions of high weed density and large numbers of overlapping and/or occluded leaves, weeds could be distinguished from crops This study clearly shows that the system can provide important subsidies for the formulation of strategies for weed management, especially in sugarcane, for which the timing of weed control is crucial.","PeriodicalId":11328,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, November 14, 2019","volume":"1995 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82440752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-14DOI: 10.36076/ppj/2019.22.537
M. Wertli
Background: In Europe, limited information on the use of opioids is available. Objectives: To assess how guideline recommendations to manage opioid-related adverse events were followed in cancer- and noncancer-related opioid use. Study Design: Analysis of health insurance data of one of the major health insurers in Switzerland. Setting: All opioid claims between 2006 and 2014. Methods: Opioid episodes were cancer-related when cancer treatments were used within ± 3 months of the first opioid claim. Recurrent strong episodes were defined as ≥ 2 opioid claims with at least one strong opioid claim. Episode duration were acute (< 90 days), subacute, or chronic (≥ 120 days/≥ 90 days + ≥ 10 claims). Results: Out of 591,633 opioid episodes 76,968 (13%) were recurrent episodes: 94% were noncancer related (83% in recurrent episodes) and 6% cancer related (17% recurrent). Chronic opioid use was observed in 55% (noncancer) and 58% (cancer) recurrent episodes. Recommended laxatives were used in 50% noncancer and in 67% cancer episodes. Antiemetic drugs were used in 54% noncancer and in 83% cancer episodes. Not recommended coprescription of benzodiazepines was observed in 34% recurrent noncancer and 46% cancer episodes. Limitations: No clinical information was available to assess the indication for opioid use. Conclusions: In this study, opioids were primarily used outside the context of cancer-related treatment. In noncancer-related opioid use, we found a substantial higher proportion without recommended laxative and antiemetic medications. Coprescription of benzodiazepines may increase the risk for opioid overdose and was present in one-third of the noncancer episodes and in almost every second cancer episode. Key words: Pain medications, opioids, nonopioids, benzodiazepines, health insurance claims data, cancer pain, noncancer pain, chronic opioid use, adverse events prevention, guideline recommendations
{"title":"Opioid Prescription in Switzerland: Appropriate\u0000Comedication use in Cancer and Noncancer\u0000Pain","authors":"M. Wertli","doi":"10.36076/ppj/2019.22.537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36076/ppj/2019.22.537","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In Europe, limited information on the use of opioids is available.\u0000Objectives: To assess how guideline recommendations to manage opioid-related adverse\u0000events were followed in cancer- and noncancer-related opioid use.\u0000Study Design: Analysis of health insurance data of one of the major health insurers in\u0000Switzerland.\u0000Setting: All opioid claims between 2006 and 2014.\u0000Methods: Opioid episodes were cancer-related when cancer treatments were used within ±\u00003 months of the first opioid claim. Recurrent strong episodes were defined as ≥ 2 opioid claims\u0000with at least one strong opioid claim. Episode duration were acute (< 90 days), subacute, or\u0000chronic (≥ 120 days/≥ 90 days + ≥ 10 claims).\u0000Results: Out of 591,633 opioid episodes 76,968 (13%) were recurrent episodes: 94%\u0000were noncancer related (83% in recurrent episodes) and 6% cancer related (17% recurrent).\u0000Chronic opioid use was observed in 55% (noncancer) and 58% (cancer) recurrent episodes.\u0000Recommended laxatives were used in 50% noncancer and in 67% cancer episodes. Antiemetic\u0000drugs were used in 54% noncancer and in 83% cancer episodes. Not recommended\u0000coprescription of benzodiazepines was observed in 34% recurrent noncancer and 46% cancer\u0000episodes.\u0000Limitations: No clinical information was available to assess the indication for opioid use.\u0000Conclusions: In this study, opioids were primarily used outside the context of cancer-related\u0000treatment. In noncancer-related opioid use, we found a substantial higher proportion without\u0000recommended laxative and antiemetic medications. Coprescription of benzodiazepines may\u0000increase the risk for opioid overdose and was present in one-third of the noncancer episodes\u0000and in almost every second cancer episode.\u0000Key words: Pain medications, opioids, nonopioids, benzodiazepines, health insurance claims\u0000data, cancer pain, noncancer pain, chronic opioid use, adverse events prevention, guideline\u0000recommendations","PeriodicalId":11328,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, November 14, 2019","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79873490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Elhassan, O. Keshtta, A. Berrim, E. Draoui, K. Mogensen, D. Levitt
This paper describes preparations and planning for a campaign of foam gas shut-off pilot operations in a large carbonate reservoir located offshore Abu Dhabi containing an oil column in equilibrium with a large gas cap. Throughout the field history and due to the heterogeneity (permeability ranges from 5 mD to 1 D), the major challenge to produce the oil rim independently from the gas cap was how to control premature gas breakthrough in the oil producers. Mechanical interventions in high gas-oil ratio wells are particularly complicated due to the risk of losing oil potential and are generally unsuccessful. Injection of foam for gas shut-off (FGSO) is a near-wellbore treatment, which has been trialed elsewhere in the industry with some success. Foam can act as an auto-selective agent to shut-off confined gas inflow through a gravity-controlled source like coning or cusping, while oil breaks the foam, resulting in preferential oil flow and reduction in gas-oil ratio. In addition, this type of operation has been identified as an EOR enabler, because it can help prepare for the technical and logistical challenges of using EOR chemicals in the field, generate data useful for the modeling of surfactant and polymer under reservoir conditions, and mitigate early gas breakthrough in the case of gas-based EOR developments. For the reservoir in question, a key complicating factor was to identify a surfactant, which could generate strong foam in-situ (mobility reduction factor of 50) at harsh reservoir conditions (temperature of 220-230 °F and water salinity above 200,000 ppm, including 20,000 ppm divalents), with an acceptable level of adsorption. The candidate selection process took into consideration overall behavior of the reservoir as well as performance of the individual high-GOR wells. Target well selection criteria included homogeneity of permeability, an understanding of gas sources and their movement, and observation of a rate- or draw-down-dependent GOR. The experimental lab program involved testing several surfactant formulations in bulk as well as in corefloods with and without the presence of reservoir oil to evaluate foaming ability and level of gas flow reduction. One formulation showed the right level of in-situ mobility reduction, in addition to stability and moderate adsorption at the prevailing reservoir conditions, and was therefore selected for a pilot test involving four wells.
{"title":"Design of Foam Gas Shut-Off Pilot for a Giant High-Temperature, High-Salinity Carbonate Reservoir","authors":"M. Elhassan, O. Keshtta, A. Berrim, E. Draoui, K. Mogensen, D. Levitt","doi":"10.2118/197322-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/197322-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper describes preparations and planning for a campaign of foam gas shut-off pilot operations in a large carbonate reservoir located offshore Abu Dhabi containing an oil column in equilibrium with a large gas cap. Throughout the field history and due to the heterogeneity (permeability ranges from 5 mD to 1 D), the major challenge to produce the oil rim independently from the gas cap was how to control premature gas breakthrough in the oil producers. Mechanical interventions in high gas-oil ratio wells are particularly complicated due to the risk of losing oil potential and are generally unsuccessful.\u0000 Injection of foam for gas shut-off (FGSO) is a near-wellbore treatment, which has been trialed elsewhere in the industry with some success. Foam can act as an auto-selective agent to shut-off confined gas inflow through a gravity-controlled source like coning or cusping, while oil breaks the foam, resulting in preferential oil flow and reduction in gas-oil ratio. In addition, this type of operation has been identified as an EOR enabler, because it can help prepare for the technical and logistical challenges of using EOR chemicals in the field, generate data useful for the modeling of surfactant and polymer under reservoir conditions, and mitigate early gas breakthrough in the case of gas-based EOR developments.\u0000 For the reservoir in question, a key complicating factor was to identify a surfactant, which could generate strong foam in-situ (mobility reduction factor of 50) at harsh reservoir conditions (temperature of 220-230 °F and water salinity above 200,000 ppm, including 20,000 ppm divalents), with an acceptable level of adsorption. The candidate selection process took into consideration overall behavior of the reservoir as well as performance of the individual high-GOR wells. Target well selection criteria included homogeneity of permeability, an understanding of gas sources and their movement, and observation of a rate- or draw-down-dependent GOR.\u0000 The experimental lab program involved testing several surfactant formulations in bulk as well as in corefloods with and without the presence of reservoir oil to evaluate foaming ability and level of gas flow reduction. One formulation showed the right level of in-situ mobility reduction, in addition to stability and moderate adsorption at the prevailing reservoir conditions, and was therefore selected for a pilot test involving four wells.","PeriodicalId":11328,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, November 14, 2019","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80488617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Mohamad, M. Rahman, Benayad Nourreddine, M. H. Yakup, M. F. Sedaralit
Thorough reservoir modeling studies have been performed for field ABC, however there are still challenges to be addressed in modelling of some specific sand reservoir depositional systems i.e. meandering fluvial reservoirs (point bars and crevasse splays). The current modelling approaches especially for fluvial reservoirs are mainly controlled by wells and have contributed to uncertainties in lateral variation based on geostatistic (variograms etc) between and away from well control. Moreover, the existing modelling approach is using sixth to fifth order (lower order) hierarchical architecture elements and this project further refines the model up to third order (higher order) which enables capturing lateral accretion of point bars. Advanced fluvial workflow (AFW) have been developed to improve the understanding of the reservoir architecture of fluvial reservoirs. It comprises of three main steps which are, first, details study on fluvial reservoir sedimentology characteristics derived from core analysis and literature. Second, qualitative geophysical study and interpretation derived from seismic dataset. Third, integration between the first and second steps into a three dimensional (3-D) reservoir model. As a result of AFW implementation in field ABC, this has led to better representation of the reservoir heterogeneities, more accurate STOIIP assessment, improved history matching quality index (HMQI) and enhanced subsurface risks and uncertainties understanding. This enable optimization of future field development plan such as infill well reactivation, water flood and chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The AFW is a robust modelling method that can be used in any reservoir modelling platform (PETREL, CMG, RMS, TNAV) with multiple realizations capability using automated workflows.
{"title":"Advanced Reservoir Characterisation of Meandering Fluvial Environment, 3D Modelling Study Offshore Malaysia","authors":"M. Mohamad, M. Rahman, Benayad Nourreddine, M. H. Yakup, M. F. Sedaralit","doi":"10.2118/197664-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/197664-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Thorough reservoir modeling studies have been performed for field ABC, however there are still challenges to be addressed in modelling of some specific sand reservoir depositional systems i.e. meandering fluvial reservoirs (point bars and crevasse splays). The current modelling approaches especially for fluvial reservoirs are mainly controlled by wells and have contributed to uncertainties in lateral variation based on geostatistic (variograms etc) between and away from well control. Moreover, the existing modelling approach is using sixth to fifth order (lower order) hierarchical architecture elements and this project further refines the model up to third order (higher order) which enables capturing lateral accretion of point bars.\u0000 Advanced fluvial workflow (AFW) have been developed to improve the understanding of the reservoir architecture of fluvial reservoirs. It comprises of three main steps which are, first, details study on fluvial reservoir sedimentology characteristics derived from core analysis and literature. Second, qualitative geophysical study and interpretation derived from seismic dataset. Third, integration between the first and second steps into a three dimensional (3-D) reservoir model.\u0000 As a result of AFW implementation in field ABC, this has led to better representation of the reservoir heterogeneities, more accurate STOIIP assessment, improved history matching quality index (HMQI) and enhanced subsurface risks and uncertainties understanding. This enable optimization of future field development plan such as infill well reactivation, water flood and chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The AFW is a robust modelling method that can be used in any reservoir modelling platform (PETREL, CMG, RMS, TNAV) with multiple realizations capability using automated workflows.","PeriodicalId":11328,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, November 14, 2019","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80506355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance logging measurements (NMR) provide detailed information about rock texture and pore distribution. The main objective of this study is to highlight a carbonate reservoir characterization example in a mature field, offshore Abu Dhabi; providing qualitative porosity, permeability and pore type classification in real time (while drilling), to support efficient field development decision making. Different logging while drilling vendors tools (NMR-WD) operate at different concepts; some use the longitudinal relaxation time (T1) measurements, others apply the transverse relaxation time (T2). In this case, a low magnetic field gradient (T2) tool type was deployed in a tight formation horizontal oil producer. The well objective is to expose the maximum reservoir contact (MRC). Primarily, the acquired (NMR) spectrum was used to deliver accurate total porosity, to compute Archie's water saturation. However, delivering a quantitatively reliable permeability become very challenging in the complex carbonate environment subject to study as it was well linked to (NMR) pore size distribution. At first, a standard (T2) cutoff value was applied. The computed (bulk irreducible water – BVI) was too low and hence the permeability was too high, resulting in inaccurate NMR interpretation. Next, a varying T2 cutoff – per zone was applied based on the changing spectrum profile itself. Finally, a Gamma Inversion technique by the service company was introduced to better quantify the different pore types and the corresponding permeability. The (NMR) log analysis was validated with well core data in addition to production logging results. The data was applied to design the well stimulation and completion programs resulting in a healthy oil producer drain added to the asset. Integration of Gamma Ray-resistivity-NMR and borehole image logs helped to consolidate the interpretation findings hence supporting decision making for mature field development.
{"title":"Improving Nmr Log Interpretation to Support Mature Field Development, A Case Study Offshore Abu Dhabi","authors":"S. Yousif, H. Aboujmeih","doi":"10.2118/197787-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/197787-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance logging measurements (NMR) provide detailed information about rock texture and pore distribution. The main objective of this study is to highlight a carbonate reservoir characterization example in a mature field, offshore Abu Dhabi; providing qualitative porosity, permeability and pore type classification in real time (while drilling), to support efficient field development decision making.\u0000 Different logging while drilling vendors tools (NMR-WD) operate at different concepts; some use the longitudinal relaxation time (T1) measurements, others apply the transverse relaxation time (T2). In this case, a low magnetic field gradient (T2) tool type was deployed in a tight formation horizontal oil producer. The well objective is to expose the maximum reservoir contact (MRC).\u0000 Primarily, the acquired (NMR) spectrum was used to deliver accurate total porosity, to compute Archie's water saturation. However, delivering a quantitatively reliable permeability become very challenging in the complex carbonate environment subject to study as it was well linked to (NMR) pore size distribution. At first, a standard (T2) cutoff value was applied. The computed (bulk irreducible water – BVI) was too low and hence the permeability was too high, resulting in inaccurate NMR interpretation. Next, a varying T2 cutoff – per zone was applied based on the changing spectrum profile itself. Finally, a Gamma Inversion technique by the service company was introduced to better quantify the different pore types and the corresponding permeability.\u0000 The (NMR) log analysis was validated with well core data in addition to production logging results. The data was applied to design the well stimulation and completion programs resulting in a healthy oil producer drain added to the asset.\u0000 Integration of Gamma Ray-resistivity-NMR and borehole image logs helped to consolidate the interpretation findings hence supporting decision making for mature field development.","PeriodicalId":11328,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, November 14, 2019","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76604190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ghaleb Al Habsi, S. Ghanbarzadeh, S. Motealleh, Badar Al Busafi
Available headroom (difference between dewpoint and reservoir pressure) in liquid rich gas reservoirs and drawdown scenario affect the condensate dropout near the wellbore. Although effects of the liquid dropout are well understood in radial system, addition of hydraulic fracture in the low perm reservoirs complicates the saturation profile in reservoirs. Massive hydraulic fracturing in vertical tight sand wells adds effective surface area to flow and can mathematically be considered as placing long horizontal wells to reduce overall well draw downs. This work shows that this additional contact with matrix rock, therefore, can play a major impact in mitigating or postponing the impact of skin caused by condensate banking. This paper presents a real case of Pressure Transient Analysis (PTA) for hydraulically fractured wells in unconventional gas-condensate reservoirs. Detailed analysis of PTA will be discussed and addressed using analytical and high-resolution numerical models in which compositional multi-phase flow is considered. The numerical model is history matched and fine-tuned on pre-frac and post-frac well test results. The impact of hydraulic fracture half-length, fracture conductivity and matrix relative permeability on condensate banking effects will be addressed via a numerical simulation study for various scenarios. The paper will demonstrate the value of hydraulic fracturing in reducing condensate baking effect on well productivity and, by inference, the impact on the long-term economic value of gas-condensate wells.
{"title":"Hydraulic Fracturing: Best Remedy for Condensate Banking Effects in Tight Gas-Condensate Reservoirs","authors":"Ghaleb Al Habsi, S. Ghanbarzadeh, S. Motealleh, Badar Al Busafi","doi":"10.2118/197422-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/197422-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Available headroom (difference between dewpoint and reservoir pressure) in liquid rich gas reservoirs and drawdown scenario affect the condensate dropout near the wellbore. Although effects of the liquid dropout are well understood in radial system, addition of hydraulic fracture in the low perm reservoirs complicates the saturation profile in reservoirs. Massive hydraulic fracturing in vertical tight sand wells adds effective surface area to flow and can mathematically be considered as placing long horizontal wells to reduce overall well draw downs. This work shows that this additional contact with matrix rock, therefore, can play a major impact in mitigating or postponing the impact of skin caused by condensate banking.\u0000 This paper presents a real case of Pressure Transient Analysis (PTA) for hydraulically fractured wells in unconventional gas-condensate reservoirs. Detailed analysis of PTA will be discussed and addressed using analytical and high-resolution numerical models in which compositional multi-phase flow is considered. The numerical model is history matched and fine-tuned on pre-frac and post-frac well test results. The impact of hydraulic fracture half-length, fracture conductivity and matrix relative permeability on condensate banking effects will be addressed via a numerical simulation study for various scenarios.\u0000 The paper will demonstrate the value of hydraulic fracturing in reducing condensate baking effect on well productivity and, by inference, the impact on the long-term economic value of gas-condensate wells.","PeriodicalId":11328,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, November 14, 2019","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85410416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmed Albraiki, Alya Al Ahmad, I. A. Awadhi, Nahum Kant Nath, Mohamed Sulaiman Mohamed Ismail
ADNOC Gas Processing (AGP) plays a strategic role in ADNOC and the UAE hydrocarbon value chain by contributing significantly for the development of the Emirates. AGP operates and manages an integrated Pipeline Network of approximately 3200km length of Pipelines with the mission of uninterrupted supply to its Customers without any impact on the upstream plants. Various fluids are transported via pipelines such as Sales gas, Crude oil, NGL, Condensate, Water, Nitrogen and associated gases wherein majority of network contains Sales Gas. Pipeline Network is scattered over Ruwais, Habshan, Buhasa, Asab, Shuwaihat, Jebel Danna, Al Maqta, Taweelah, Jebel Ali, Al Ain, Ghantoot, Al Dhabbaya, Al Romaitha, Saadiyat Island, Yas Island, Mussafah and in some other areas within the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. The Sales gas pipeline network connects gas plant facilities to consumers/ADNOC Plants through pipeline Distribution Facilities (Manifolds). The NGL pipeline network connects NGL plant facilities with manifolds to onward supply of NGL to AGP plant for fractionation into various products such as ethane, butane, propane and naptha etc. These manifolds are old and highly critical, hence their safety and reliability are paramount to ensure shareholders commitment to various consumers in UAE and abroad. Failure of these manifolds will have a major impact on upstream & downstream production chain. Shut down of these manifolds are not possible as there is no bypass arrangement or back up manifold for business continuity. Failure of any of the manifold will have major impact on AGP Business and reputation. Some of theses manifolds were constructed in late 70’s and have completed their design life. In line with current business scenario and fit for purpose approach being adopted by ADNOC, it is prudent to understand methods to assess the condition of existing ageing assets and apply techniques to enhance the reliability and integrity of the same. Ageing equipment is challenging and a systematic approach is necessary to decide on the life of ageing assets. AGP is one of the largest gas processing companies in the world, and it is considered as the major energy and feedstock supplier for the majority of the power, hydro carbon, and petrochemical industries based in the UAE. In view of the above, AGP has carried out an Integrity/Adequacy assessment study to check fitness for service of the manifolds with due consideration to business continuity, the impact on upstream/downstream production, Company reputation, asset integrity, process safety and HSE aspects etc. This paper presents the challenges faced and best practices adopted for ensuring/enhancing Process Safety (Prevention of Loss of Containment), improve integrity/reliability of the manifolds, minimize impact on normal operation and maintenance and reduce the risk of business interruption. AGP best practices are based on the requirements of Pipeline Codes, International Standards, industry practices, ADNOC Gas
{"title":"Best Practice to Ensure Integrity of Ageing Critical Pipeline Gas/NGL Distribution Facilities","authors":"Ahmed Albraiki, Alya Al Ahmad, I. A. Awadhi, Nahum Kant Nath, Mohamed Sulaiman Mohamed Ismail","doi":"10.2118/197788-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/197788-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 ADNOC Gas Processing (AGP) plays a strategic role in ADNOC and the UAE hydrocarbon value chain by contributing significantly for the development of the Emirates. AGP operates and manages an integrated Pipeline Network of approximately 3200km length of Pipelines with the mission of uninterrupted supply to its Customers without any impact on the upstream plants. Various fluids are transported via pipelines such as Sales gas, Crude oil, NGL, Condensate, Water, Nitrogen and associated gases wherein majority of network contains Sales Gas. Pipeline Network is scattered over Ruwais, Habshan, Buhasa, Asab, Shuwaihat, Jebel Danna, Al Maqta, Taweelah, Jebel Ali, Al Ain, Ghantoot, Al Dhabbaya, Al Romaitha, Saadiyat Island, Yas Island, Mussafah and in some other areas within the Emirate of Abu Dhabi.\u0000 The Sales gas pipeline network connects gas plant facilities to consumers/ADNOC Plants through pipeline Distribution Facilities (Manifolds). The NGL pipeline network connects NGL plant facilities with manifolds to onward supply of NGL to AGP plant for fractionation into various products such as ethane, butane, propane and naptha etc.\u0000 These manifolds are old and highly critical, hence their safety and reliability are paramount to ensure shareholders commitment to various consumers in UAE and abroad. Failure of these manifolds will have a major impact on upstream & downstream production chain. Shut down of these manifolds are not possible as there is no bypass arrangement or back up manifold for business continuity. Failure of any of the manifold will have major impact on AGP Business and reputation.\u0000 Some of theses manifolds were constructed in late 70’s and have completed their design life. In line with current business scenario and fit for purpose approach being adopted by ADNOC, it is prudent to understand methods to assess the condition of existing ageing assets and apply techniques to enhance the reliability and integrity of the same. Ageing equipment is challenging and a systematic approach is necessary to decide on the life of ageing assets. AGP is one of the largest gas processing companies in the world, and it is considered as the major energy and feedstock supplier for the majority of the power, hydro carbon, and petrochemical industries based in the UAE.\u0000 In view of the above, AGP has carried out an Integrity/Adequacy assessment study to check fitness for service of the manifolds with due consideration to business continuity, the impact on upstream/downstream production, Company reputation, asset integrity, process safety and HSE aspects etc.\u0000 This paper presents the challenges faced and best practices adopted for ensuring/enhancing Process Safety (Prevention of Loss of Containment), improve integrity/reliability of the manifolds, minimize impact on normal operation and maintenance and reduce the risk of business interruption.\u0000 AGP best practices are based on the requirements of Pipeline Codes, International Standards, industry practices, ADNOC Gas","PeriodicalId":11328,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, November 14, 2019","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79848025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jean-Michel Munoz, E. Bartoli, E. Johnson, L. Rivière, Eric Meyer
Progress in the digital area has been quite significant in the past few years in terms of data monitoring, remote collaborative work, telecommunications and robotics to the point that disruptive ways to operate and to design surface installations can now be envisioned with HSE benefits and substantial cost reductions without compromising production efficiency. Normally Unattended Installations with presence of people on site only once a year (NUI-1Y) for maintenance campaigns is the ultimate aim of unmanned concepts and a new frontier for cost reduction. This approach is particularly relevant for remote production sites where operations usually require a continuous presence of a large crew and heavy logistical means. Although, this concept seems very challenging, it is in fact a natural extension of what has been applied with success on subsea developments starting over twenty years ago where wells, valves, separators, pumps and now compressors have been remotely operated from a host facility, together with the occasional assistance of Remote Operated Vehicles. A NUI-1Y development, in its philosophy, is very similar to a subsea architecture that would be applied to a surface installation. A successful NUI-1Y development would also be the result of an optimization where from the initial design phase, the project would try to reduce as much as possible Site Working Hours, both planned and unplanned. This is accomplished through careful selection of new architectures, a fully electrified concept, extensive use of digitalization, low maintenance and highly reliable components or technologies. These technologies exist or are under development and include autonomous ground robots which can operate in routine or downgraded situations during the period between site visits. Along with the design, traditional operating philosophies must also be amended to address operations in a fully remote mode. This paper will give an overview and examples on how Total is: – Maturing new designs, focusing first on reduction of Site Working Hours as a new Key Performance Indicator, alongside other KPIs such as topside weight reduction and equipment uptime. – Challenging traditional safety concept and bases of design and philosophies which were previously biased towards design and safety of permanently manned installations. This includes developing remote or automated technical solutions that previously required human presence for specific operations. – Piloting autonomous ground robots and adapting installations so that they can be robotically operated.
{"title":"Normally Unattended Installations, the New Frontier for Cost Reduction","authors":"Jean-Michel Munoz, E. Bartoli, E. Johnson, L. Rivière, Eric Meyer","doi":"10.2118/197513-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/197513-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Progress in the digital area has been quite significant in the past few years in terms of data monitoring, remote collaborative work, telecommunications and robotics to the point that disruptive ways to operate and to design surface installations can now be envisioned with HSE benefits and substantial cost reductions without compromising production efficiency.\u0000 Normally Unattended Installations with presence of people on site only once a year (NUI-1Y) for maintenance campaigns is the ultimate aim of unmanned concepts and a new frontier for cost reduction. This approach is particularly relevant for remote production sites where operations usually require a continuous presence of a large crew and heavy logistical means.\u0000 Although, this concept seems very challenging, it is in fact a natural extension of what has been applied with success on subsea developments starting over twenty years ago where wells, valves, separators, pumps and now compressors have been remotely operated from a host facility, together with the occasional assistance of Remote Operated Vehicles. A NUI-1Y development, in its philosophy, is very similar to a subsea architecture that would be applied to a surface installation.\u0000 A successful NUI-1Y development would also be the result of an optimization where from the initial design phase, the project would try to reduce as much as possible Site Working Hours, both planned and unplanned. This is accomplished through careful selection of new architectures, a fully electrified concept, extensive use of digitalization, low maintenance and highly reliable components or technologies. These technologies exist or are under development and include autonomous ground robots which can operate in routine or downgraded situations during the period between site visits. Along with the design, traditional operating philosophies must also be amended to address operations in a fully remote mode.\u0000 This paper will give an overview and examples on how Total is:\u0000 – Maturing new designs, focusing first on reduction of Site Working Hours as a new Key Performance Indicator, alongside other KPIs such as topside weight reduction and equipment uptime. – Challenging traditional safety concept and bases of design and philosophies which were previously biased towards design and safety of permanently manned installations. This includes developing remote or automated technical solutions that previously required human presence for specific operations. – Piloting autonomous ground robots and adapting installations so that they can be robotically operated.","PeriodicalId":11328,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, November 14, 2019","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80324770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present paper, a dynamical signal analysis of oil-water dispersion is presented. The focus is on phase inversion physics and the associated dynamical features of collected signals from an acoustic receptor placed within a flow setup where phase inversion where triggered when needed. The acoustic fields associated with the mixing system showed clear differences between oil continuous and water continuous media, phase inversion could be clearly identified from the acquired sensor signals. The dynamical analysis of the experimental data showed characteristic frequency transitions as well as specific attractors. The analysis tools could be used in field application to monitor oil-water flows for flow assurance purposes.
{"title":"Dynamical Analysis of Phase Inversion in Oil-Water Mixtures","authors":"Jana Al-Jindan, Yusuf Ahmed, M. Noui-Mehidi","doi":"10.2118/197882-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/197882-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the present paper, a dynamical signal analysis of oil-water dispersion is presented. The focus is on phase inversion physics and the associated dynamical features of collected signals from an acoustic receptor placed within a flow setup where phase inversion where triggered when needed. The acoustic fields associated with the mixing system showed clear differences between oil continuous and water continuous media, phase inversion could be clearly identified from the acquired sensor signals. The dynamical analysis of the experimental data showed characteristic frequency transitions as well as specific attractors. The analysis tools could be used in field application to monitor oil-water flows for flow assurance purposes.","PeriodicalId":11328,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, November 14, 2019","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76959501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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