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Day 4 Thu, November 14, 2019最新文献

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Hydraulic Fracturing Operations Enhancement in Depleted Horizontal Gas Wells, a Novel Approach with Outstanding Results 提高枯竭水平气井水力压裂作业效果的新方法
Pub Date : 2019-11-11 DOI: 10.2118/197159-ms
A. Nunez, Ibrahim Al-Farei, Ahmed Benchekor, Nasser Khalfan Al Husaini, E. Sayapov, A. Al-Shanfari, Khalfan Bahri, J. C. Chávez, A. Hinai
Hydraulically fracturing operations is becoming much more complex as the gas formations are being depleted with the time. In addition to this, some gas reserves need to be recovered by fracturing horizontal wells with multiple stages which is the case of an extensive gas field in the Sultanate of Oman that has been producing since 1991 mainly by hydraulic fracturing. The scope of this paper is to discuss the different methodologies in the operations associated to hydraulic fracturing in horizontal gas wells with formations depleted in PDO, the main objective is to show operations and well delivery improvement by the optimization of tools conveyance, perforating techniques, clean out and milling strategy. The paper will show the enhancement of the operations and the outstanding results in these challenging well conditions. The paper will start by describing the different methods used to execute operations for fracturing horizontal wells which are mainly related to plug and perf technique, clean out and milling plugs in between stages. Further, it will discuss the strategy, planning and job execution of one of the wells with 14 stages in the horizontal section, the perforating technique and strategy used to help reduce screen out's, it will also discuss the acquisition of spectral Noise log data post fracturing with the assistance of Nitrogen as well as the milling of the isolation plugs at the end of the job. The optimization of the conventional operations is a novel approach to enhance hydraulic fracturing in depleted horizontal gas wells in PDO, this is in alignment with the continuous improvement ideas and the lean thinking across the oil and gas industry. It is easy to replicate in other horizontal wells to be hydraulically fractured which will reduce cost, HSE exposure and will help increase the recovery of hydrocarbon reserves.
随着时间的推移,天然气地层逐渐枯竭,水力压裂作业变得越来越复杂。除此之外,一些天然气储量需要通过多级压裂水平井来开采,这是阿曼苏丹国的一个大气田的情况,该气田自1991年以来主要通过水力压裂进行生产。本文的范围是讨论与PDO地层枯竭的水平气井水力压裂相关的不同操作方法,主要目的是通过优化工具传输、射孔技术、清井和磨铣策略来展示操作和井眼交付的改进。本文将展示在这些具有挑战性的井况下作业的改进和出色的成果。本文将首先介绍压裂水平井的不同操作方法,主要涉及桥塞和射孔技术、两段之间的清理和磨铣桥塞。此外,还将讨论其中一口水平段有14段的井的策略、规划和作业执行,用于减少筛出的射孔技术和策略,还将讨论在氮气的帮助下获得压裂后的频谱噪声测井数据,以及在作业结束时磨铣隔离桥塞。常规作业的优化是提高PDO枯竭水平气井水力压裂能力的一种新方法,这与整个油气行业的持续改进理念和精益思维相一致。该方法很容易在其他水平井中复制,这将降低成本,降低HSE风险,并有助于提高油气储量的采收率。
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引用次数: 1
Deployment of Lower Completions with Interventionless Inflow Control Device to Increase Operational Efficiency, Save Rig Time and Reduce Deployment Risk 采用无干预流入控制装置部署低完井,提高作业效率,节省钻机时间,降低部署风险
Pub Date : 2019-11-11 DOI: 10.2118/197489-ms
Iain Adan, R. Boggs
The most common practice to deploy a lower completion with inflow control devices (ICDs) requires a washpipe assembly to facilitate deployment. Due to the nature of traditional ICDs, with open flow ports, the washpipe assembly provides a conduit to circulate fluids during the installation. However, makeup and break out of washpipe takes time, carries risk, and provides no long-term benefit to the completion or long term value to the operator. The industry has used temporary mechanical isolation in more recent years, but these devices lack redundancy in the event of malfunction. The objective of the hydro-mechanical ICD is to remove the requirement for washpipe, thereby reducing operational risk and rig time while eliminating HSE concerns related to drill pipe handling when deploying the lower completion. The key differentiator being additional redundancy, should manipulation be required. An additional feature of the tool is position verification, the ICDs benefit from a passive attenae. The attenae reader can be deployed in the future to independently verify sleeve position should well optimization be required over the well lifecycle as water cut increases. The paper reviews various techniques that have been adopted to date and concludes with presenting a hydro-mechanical solution that was successfully installed and the value derived.
安装流入控制装置(icd)的下部完井最常见的做法是需要一个冲洗管组件来方便部署。由于传统icd的特性,其流道是开放的,因此冲洗管组件在安装过程中提供了一个循环流体的管道。然而,冲洗管的组装和拆除需要时间和风险,并且对完井没有长期效益,也没有长期价值。近年来,该行业一直在使用临时机械隔离,但这些设备在发生故障时缺乏冗余。水力机械ICD的目标是消除对冲洗管的要求,从而降低操作风险和钻机时间,同时消除下完井时与钻杆处理相关的HSE问题。关键的区别是额外的冗余,如果需要操作。该工具的另一个功能是位置验证,icd受益于被动衰减。随着含水率的增加,如果需要在井的整个生命周期中进行优化,则可以在未来部署衰减读数器,独立验证滑套位置。本文回顾了迄今为止采用的各种技术,最后介绍了一种成功安装的水力机械解决方案,并得出了价值。
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引用次数: 1
Methodology for Recoil Analysis of Emergency Disconnection Drilling Riser in a Deepwater Environment 深水环境下紧急断开钻井隔水管后坐力分析方法
Pub Date : 2019-11-11 DOI: 10.2118/197863-ms
Yanbin Wang, D. Gao, Jinduo Wang
In deepwater drilling, it is inevitable to disconnect the riser from the Low Marine Riser Package (LMRP) with the blowout preventer (BOP) under some extreme operating conditions. Since the riser is in tensile state under normal working conditions, elastic potential energy is stored in the riser. So, the riser will move upward like a spring under the combined action of the elastic potential energy and the frictional resistance generated by the discharge of drilling mud in riser, which is called recoil response. Recoil analysis of drilling riser is of great significance to the safety of deepwater drilling, from which the recoil response, main controlling factors and corresponding solutions can be defined. In this paper, the mechanical model and governing equations are established based on the mass-spring-damping system with two degrees of freedom. In this model, the frictional resistance on the riser inner wall when the drilling fluid is discharged, and the elastic potential energy stored in the riser are taken into account. In addition, the direct acting tensioner (DAT), which is simplified as sinusoidal motion and spring model, is selected as the top boundary condition of the disconnected riser. The tension force and spring stiffness is calculated based on the configuration and working principle of the DAT. Finally, the time-history displacement of the LMRP after disconnected from the BOP is obtained. On this basis, the parameter sensitivity analysis is presented. Analysis results show that with the increase of water depth and the amplitude of the DAT, the possibility of collision between them rises. For a determined riser system, there is an optimal heave motion frequency for the DAT to implement riser emergency disconnection. Corresponding measures should be taken to prevent the spring stiffness of the DAT from decreasing. Besides, the riser size has a comprehensive effect on the riser recoil response. This paper can provide reference for the research of riser emergency disconnection.
在深水钻井中,在一些极端的操作条件下,不可避免地要将立管与低隔水管套件(LMRP)和防喷器(BOP)断开。由于立管在正常工作状态下处于拉伸状态,因此弹性势能储存在立管中。因此,隔水管在弹性势能和钻井泥浆在隔水管内排出所产生的摩擦阻力的共同作用下,会像弹簧一样向上运动,称为后坐力响应。钻井隔水管的后坐力分析对深水钻井的安全具有重要意义,由此可以确定钻井隔水管的后坐力响应、主要控制因素以及相应的解决方案。本文建立了二自由度质量-弹簧-阻尼系统的力学模型和控制方程。该模型考虑了钻井液排出时隔水管内壁的摩擦阻力和储存在隔水管内的弹性势能。此外,选择简化为正弦运动和弹簧模型的直接作用张紧器(DAT)作为断开立管的顶边界条件。根据数据中心的结构和工作原理,计算了拉伸力和弹簧刚度。最后,得到了LMRP与防喷器分离后的时程位移。在此基础上,进行了参数敏感性分析。分析结果表明,随着水深的增加和日波振幅的增大,两者碰撞的可能性增大。对于一个确定的立管系统,存在一个最优的升沉运动频率,以实现立管紧急断开。应采取相应措施防止DAT的弹簧刚度下降。此外,立管尺寸对立管反冲响应有综合影响。本文可为隔水管紧急断开的研究提供参考。
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引用次数: 2
Transforming Waste Heat to Electric Power in Oil and Gas Compression Systems using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide 利用超临界二氧化碳将石油和天然气压缩系统中的废热转化为电能
Pub Date : 2019-11-11 DOI: 10.2118/197965-ms
T. Soulas
In the oil and gas sector, energy is wasted far too often. By recovering those losses and increasing efficiency, the operators of production facilities and transmission systems can make dramatic improvements and yield new commercial opportunities. For instance, energy recovery may potentially allow profits to be realized from fields that might otherwise be marginal prospects or represent an additional revenue stream for gas pipeline transmission and distribution network operators. Now, a breakthrough technology that supports energy recovery from heat rejected from a broad range of industrial processes is available to the oil and gas industry. There is a lot of wasted energy available. Globally, it is estimated that rejected heat corresponds to about 65% of the net energy input across the industrial infrastructure, with numbers varying from 60% to 70% depending on the region, including the Middle East. Considerable waste heat is ejected from equipment like the gas turbines that are commonly used in mechanical drive applications found in the compression processes of gas production platforms and transmission pipelines. While most gas turbine heat recovery systems use a bottoming steam cycle to improve thermal efficiency, so-called combined cycle turbines, the new development presented in this paper is significantly different.
在石油和天然气行业,能源浪费太频繁了。通过弥补这些损失和提高效率,生产设施和传输系统的运营商可以做出巨大的改进,并产生新的商业机会。例如,能源回收可能会使原本前景黯淡的油田实现利润,或者为天然气管道输送和分配网络运营商带来额外的收入来源。现在,一项突破性的技术可以支持石油和天然气行业从广泛的工业过程中产生的热量中回收能量。有很多被浪费的能源可用。在全球范围内,据估计,废热相当于整个工业基础设施净能量输入的65%左右,根据地区(包括中东),这一数字从60%到70%不等。在天然气生产平台和输送管道的压缩过程中,通常用于机械驱动应用的燃气轮机等设备会排出大量废热。虽然大多数燃气轮机热回收系统使用底部蒸汽循环来提高热效率,即所谓的联合循环涡轮机,但本文提出的新发展有很大不同。
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引用次数: 0
Coupled Compositional/Geomechanics Reservoir Simulation of Eocene C-Sup VLG3676, Block VII Ceuta Field, Venezuela: A Case Study 委内瑞拉Ceuta油田VII区块始新统C-Sup VLG3676油藏成分/地质力学耦合模拟研究
Pub Date : 2019-11-11 DOI: 10.2118/197401-ms
E. Carrero, C. Lobo, A. Bois
The Eocene C-Sup VLG3676 reservoir is one of the most important oil reservoirs of Western Venezuela. It has a high lateral sedimentological heterogeneity, some sand production issues due to low sandstone cohesion and high stress gradients, and asphaltene precipitation problems. All these features have created production problems since the beginning of the reservoir production, with a drastic impact on the reservoir potential. This has lead to the construction of a compositional/geomechanical model in order to design a palliative strategy. The proposed modeling methodology includes nine phases: 1) Development of the 3D mechanical earth model (MEM) to simulate reservoir compaction; 2) Quality control of the static model, including the relative permeability values; 3) Development of a fluid model that predicts the onset of asphaltene precipitation; 4) Development of a rock-fluid interaction model; 5) Initialization and calibration of the compositional model; 6) Coupling of the compositional and geomechanics models; 7) History matching; 8) Analytical estimation of the onset of sand production; 9) Implementation of an opportunity index analysis for asphaltene precipitation and sand production. Based on this compositional/geomechanical model it has been possible to map the risk of asphaltene precipitation and sand production in the reservoir, therefore showing that such problems are critical in the Eocene Misoa C-2-Sup and C-3-Sup stratigraphic units, due to the energy depletion caused by the production. This model allowed optimizing the locations of 35 wells to be drilled. The applied methodology enabled engineers to efficiently estimate the bottomhole flowing pressures and the critical drawdown pressures in the reservoir, identify the most prospective areas of the deposit, and design the trajectories of the new wells. It allowed designing the future Asset Development Plan (ADP) to maximize the hydrocarbon recovery and optimize the resources and investments necessary to increase the reservoir productivity. This paper will go through all the nine phases of the workflow, will highlight their most specific features, and will conclude on the value on such an approach.
始新统C-Sup VLG3676油藏是委内瑞拉西部最重要的油藏之一。侧向沉积非均质性高,砂岩黏结性低,应力梯度大,导致出砂问题,沥青质沉淀问题。所有这些特征从油藏开采开始就造成了生产问题,对油藏潜力产生了巨大影响。这导致了成分/地质力学模型的构建,以便设计一种缓解策略。提出的建模方法包括9个阶段:1)建立模拟储层压实的三维力学地球模型(MEM);2)静态模型的质量控制,包括相对渗透率值;3)建立了预测沥青质沉淀发生的流体模型;4)建立了岩石-流体相互作用模型;5)成分模型的初始化与标定;6)成分模型与地质力学模型的耦合;7)历史匹配;8)出砂开始时间的分析估算;9)实施沥青质沉淀和出砂的机会指数分析。基于这种成分/地质力学模型,可以绘制出储层中沥青质沉淀和出砂的风险,因此表明,由于生产造成的能量消耗,这些问题在始新世Misoa C-2-Sup和C-3-Sup地层单元中是至关重要的。该模型可以优化35口井的钻井位置。该应用方法使工程师能够有效地估计井底流动压力和储层的临界压降压力,确定最有前景的储层区域,并设计新井的轨迹。它有助于设计未来的资产开发计划(ADP),以最大限度地提高油气采收率,优化资源和投资,以提高储层产能。本文将通过工作流的所有九个阶段,将突出其最具体的特征,并将总结这种方法的价值。
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引用次数: 0
Alteration of Wettability and Hydration Properties of Shale using Ionic Liquids in Water-Based Drilling Fluids 离子液体对水基钻井液中页岩润湿性和水化性能的影响
Pub Date : 2019-11-11 DOI: 10.2118/197940-ms
H. Ahmad, M. Kamal, Mobeen Murtaza, Sarmad Khan, M. Al‐harthi
Hydration of shale formations during drilling operations have adverse effects on wellbore stability. The shale hydration resulted from the interactions between drilling fluid and swelling clay contents in the shale formations. This paper addresses the improvement of wettability and hydration properties of shale to enhance the wellbore stability during the drilling operations. The novel ionic liquid-based drilling fluids were used to alter the wettability and hydration properties of shale. The novel ionic liquid based drilling fluid was developed by blending various ionic liquids and drilling fluid additives such as filtration control agent and rheological modifier. The rheology and filtration related properties of the base drilling fluid and its modified version with ionic liquids were determined. Shale inhibition characteristics of modified drilling fluids were evaluated by using real field shale sample and analyzing it with linear shale swelling test and hot rolling dispersion test. Two different ionic liquids (IL-1, IL-2) were deployed in the formulation of drilling fluids with a concentration of 0.05%. The conventionally used shale inhibitor KCl was also used in the formulation of drilling fluid with the concentration of up to 2%. The results of modified drilling fluids were then compared with the base drilling fluids prepared by mixing bentonite and cationic polymer (polydadmac). The rheological experiments showed that the addition of KCl and ionic liquids in the base drilling fluid resulted in a decrease in rheological properties. The filtration experiments also showed that filtrate volume has increased with the addition of KCl and ionic liquids in the drilling fluids. The hot rolling shale recovery experiment was performed at 65°C and superior shale recovery was observed with the synergistic effect of B/IL-2/K drilling fluid. Linear swelling of shale was assessed over a time period of 10 hours and minimum linear swelling of shale was observed with B/IL-2/K drilling fluid which indicated that the ionic liquid in the drilling fluid chemically interacts with the shale surface and makes it hydrophobic in nature which limits the interactions of water with shale. This use of novel ionic liquid-based drilling fluid enhances the borehole stability by modifying the shale surface and resulted in improved wellbore stability. The novel drilling fluid also has superior rheological, filtration properties and salt tolerance.
页岩地层在钻井过程中的水化作用对井筒稳定性有不利影响。页岩水化是钻井液与页岩地层中溶胀粘土含量相互作用的结果。本文论述了如何改善页岩的润湿性和水化性能,以提高钻井过程中井筒的稳定性。新型离子液体基钻井液用于改变页岩的润湿性和水化性能。将多种离子液体与钻井液添加剂如过滤控制剂、流变改性剂等共混,研制出新型离子液体基钻井液。测定了基钻井液及其离子液体改性后的流变性能和过滤性能。通过实地页岩样品,并通过页岩线性膨胀试验和热轧分散试验对改性钻井液的页岩抑制特性进行了评价。两种不同的离子液体(IL-1、IL-2)以0.05%的浓度加入钻井液配方中。常规使用的页岩抑制剂KCl也被用于钻井液配方中,浓度高达2%。将改性钻井液与膨润土与阳离子聚合物(polydadmac)混合制备的基础钻井液进行了对比。流变性实验表明,KCl和离子液体的加入使基钻井液的流变性能降低。过滤实验还表明,随着KCl和离子液体的加入,钻井液滤液体积增大。在65℃条件下进行了热轧页岩采收率实验,在B/IL-2/K钻井液的协同作用下,页岩采收率显著提高。B/IL-2/K钻井液在10小时内对页岩的线性膨胀进行了评估,并观察到页岩的最小线性膨胀,这表明钻井液中的离子液体与页岩表面发生化学相互作用,使其具有疏水性,从而限制了水与页岩的相互作用。这种新型离子液体基钻井液通过改变页岩表面,提高了井眼稳定性,从而改善了井筒稳定性。这种新型钻井液还具有优越的流变性、过滤性能和耐盐性。
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引用次数: 10
Ranking Shale Performance from Water Flowback Analysis, Field Case 根据返排分析对页岩性能进行排名,现场案例
Pub Date : 2019-11-11 DOI: 10.2118/197792-ms
A. Ibrahim, Ahmed Assem, M. Ibrahim, C. Pieprzica
In recent years, in unconventional reservoirs, main fracture parameters including fracture permeability and fracture volume can be early evaluated using flowback data analysis. For analysis purposes, diagnostic plots, straight-line methods, and simulation model history-matching techniques are utilized. Usually, immediate gas and water production occur during flowback in shale gas wells. In this paper, solution of water diffusivity equation for different flow regimes during the early time of well life was used to analyze water performance. These flow regimes were determined based on the diagnostic plot of water rate vs. time. The analysis from Water RTA was used to calculate initial water in place (OWIP) and fracture parameters. The difference between the OWIP and the injected fracturing fluid was correlated against the formation water saturation. The main conclusions from this analysis are; 1) High quality shale if the OWIP equal to the total injected water volume, and water-production data usually do not show the transient period and in some cases, boundary dominated flow (BDF) is present. 2) Low quality shale if the OWIP is greater than the total injected fracture fluid volume, and transient flow regimes are expected. High quality shale is good candidate for soaking process. The well performance increases after soaking process in the case of low formation water comparing to the high-water saturation wells. Honoring the flowback data can help to estimate the fracture geometry and indicate the quality of the shale formation.
近年来,在非常规油藏中,利用返排数据分析可以早期评价裂缝渗透率和裂缝体积等主要裂缝参数。为了分析目的,使用了诊断图、直线方法和模拟模型历史匹配技术。通常,页岩气井在反排过程中会立即产生气和水。本文采用不同流态下的水扩散方程解法,分析了井生命早期的水动态。这些流动形式是根据流速与时间的诊断图确定的。利用水RTA数据分析计算初始含水(OWIP)和裂缝参数。OWIP与注入压裂液之间的差异与地层含水饱和度相关。分析得出的主要结论有:1)高质量页岩,如果OWIP等于总注入水量,产水数据通常不显示瞬态,在某些情况下,存在边界主导流(BDF)。2)如果OWIP大于注入的总压裂液体积,则页岩质量较低,并且预计会出现瞬态流动状态。优质页岩是进行浸渍工艺的良好选择。与高含水饱和度井相比,低含水条件下浸泡后的井性能有所提高。利用反排数据可以帮助估计裂缝的几何形状,并表明页岩地层的质量。
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引用次数: 1
Halokinesis Stimuluses on Petroleum System of Abu Dhabi 阿布扎比石油系统卤化刺激研究
Pub Date : 2019-11-11 DOI: 10.2118/197597-ms
A. Noufal, H. Shebl
Halokinesis has strongly stimuluses the Abu Dhabi petroleum system. During the Late Precambrian, the basement terranes of the Arabian and adjoining plates were fused along the northeastern margin of the African Gondwanaland plate. This phase was followed by continental rifting and intra-continental extension. The Arabian Infracambrian extensional system established rifted salt basins in the Zagros region, South Oman and in the Arabian Gulf. The Hormuz salt in these areas contains basalt and rhyolite, suggesting tectonic extension at this time. The Zagros thrust fault and Dibba transform fault define the current limits of the Hormuz Complex of the Arabian Gulf. As a passive margin during Paleozoic time, the Arabian plate accumulated a continentally influenced shallow marine sequence characterized by interbedded siltstones, sandstones, shales and carbonates sediments. The Late Ordovician-Early Silurian glaciation interrupted the Paleozoic deposition by lowering sea level in the Late Silurian and Late Carboniferous-Early Permian glaciation. Salt movement was started an extensional phase in Permo-Jurassic with the Neo-Tethys opening and basement faults reactivation. Followed by Cretaceous compression stress due to Afro-Arabian Plate movement. The third phase happened by Late Cretaceous with the closing of the Neo-Tethys. The salt was finally pierced to the surface by Mid Tertiary compression stress forces accompanied with Oman thrusting and Zagros folding. Since Miocene uplift, the salt movement extended until present day onwards. Previously, the pierced salt was considered stacked, but subsidence measurements indicating salt is still moving in some islands reaching about 2cm per year. This paper uses 3D seismic, core data and outcrops investigations to assess the geometry, kinematics, and the halokinetic phases that stimuluses the hydrocarbon exploration targets. The paper revisited the flowage phases of the salt in Abu Dhabi, investigated the accompanying fault geometries and relate this to the structural styles. The diapiric anticlines forming during salt movement phases forming domal structures with radial faults. Contradicting what is known, the Miocene-recent strata are tilted indicating the continuation of the salt movement. The Hormuz salt is characterized by a regionally consistent stratigraphy, formed of evaporites interbedded with clastic and carbonate sediments with dolomite intervals and vein intrusions of volcanic rocks. Interpreted faults were categorized into three families, Type I comprising domal radial faults, Type II representing faults triggered salt movements and Type III describing salt movements triggered faults. The first type is characterizing itself by its location relative to the crystal parts of the domes. The relatively low overburden pressure at the crest of the diapir and the original high dip angles of these fault planes favor salt intrusions near the diapir crest. Depending on the salt movement phases, the gener
卤代烃强烈地刺激了阿布扎比的石油系统。在晚前寒武纪,阿拉伯板块和相邻板块的基底地体沿着非洲冈瓦纳大陆板块的东北边缘融合在一起。这一阶段之后是大陆裂谷和大陆内伸展。阿拉伯下寒武纪伸展体系在阿曼南部的Zagros地区和阿拉伯湾建立了裂陷盐盆地。这些地区的霍尔木兹盐中含有玄武岩和流纹岩,表明这一时期的构造伸展。扎格罗斯逆冲断层和迪巴转换断层确定了阿拉伯湾霍尔木兹杂岩的现今边界。阿拉伯板块作为古生代的被动边缘,形成了以粉砂岩、砂岩、页岩和碳酸盐沉积互层为特征的陆相浅海层序。晚奥陶世—早志留世冰期通过降低晚志留世和晚石炭世—早二叠世冰期的海平面,中断了古生代的沉积。随着新特提斯构造的张开和基底断裂的重新激活,二叠统—侏罗纪伸展期开始了盐的运动。其次是白垩纪由非洲-阿拉伯板块运动引起的压缩应力。第三阶段发生在晚白垩纪,随着新特提斯时期的结束。在阿曼逆冲和扎格罗斯褶皱的作用下,中第三纪挤压应力最终将盐层刺穿地表。中新世隆升以来,盐运动一直延续至今。以前,人们认为穿洞的盐是堆积在一起的,但沉降测量表明,一些岛屿上的盐仍在移动,每年移动约2厘米。本文利用三维地震、岩心数据和露头调查来评估刺激油气勘探目标的几何、运动学和盐动力学阶段。本文重新考察了阿布扎比盐的流动阶段,研究了伴随的断层几何形状,并将其与构造样式联系起来。盐运动期形成的底辟背斜形成带径向断裂的穹状构造。与已知的相反,中新世-新近地层是倾斜的,表明盐运动的继续。霍尔木兹盐具有区域一致的地层特征,由蒸发岩与碎屑和碳酸盐沉积物互层形成,白云岩间隔和火山岩脉状侵入。解释断裂可分为三大类,ⅰ型为穹状径向断裂,ⅱ型为断层引发盐运动,ⅲ型为盐运动引发断层。第一种类型的特点是其相对于圆顶的晶体部分的位置。底辟顶相对较低的覆盖层压力和原有的高倾角有利于底辟顶附近的盐侵入。根据不同的盐运动阶段,这些断层的生成旋回具有不同的倾角和伸展范围,而其他两类断层也可以区分开来。在盐运动开始时,这些断裂为缓解盐体内部强烈的超压而被盐侵入。这些压力是由于与盐运动相关的压缩力,浮力效应补偿盐和上覆沉积物之间的密度差以及构造压缩力。后者是允许盐沿断层面和层理面渗透的合理机制。盐的运动对含油气系统,特别是圈闭的影响,似乎盐的运动先于油气的运移,从而导致断层的封闭,反之亦然。
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引用次数: 1
State-of-the-Art Plant Operation Combining Kaizen & Digital Technology and the Challenge for LNG Value Chain Optimization 结合改善和数字技术的最先进的工厂运营以及LNG价值链优化的挑战
Pub Date : 2019-11-11 DOI: 10.2118/197602-ms
T. Arai, Y. Otawara
A prosperous business player must gain a competitive advantage over other companies to survive and dominate the market. In Japan, electricity market has progressively started its liberalization in 2000, and full liberalization in 2016 allowed all consumers to freely choose the power retailer. In response to these dramatic changes in the business environment, we have proactively introduced KAIZEN and digital technology to gain a competitive edge. KAIZEN was introduced in Japanese automobile manufacturing and based on the philosophical belief that "nothing is seen as a status quo and everything can be continuously improved by racking one's brain." Simply saying, it is an initiative to improve efficiency value-adding work, and to eliminate non-value-adding work and waste & loss which we can not recognize. In addition, the advancement of digital technology enabled us to analyze the big data which we have storaged from the past more easily and in more detail. As a result of introducing of KAIZEN and digital technology, the periodic inspection of thermal power plants has been shortened by over 40 %, and maintenance costs have been reduced by over 30 %. This paper illustrates the details of our initiatives implementing KAIZEN and digital technology and our challenges in optimizing the LNG value chain applying the KAIZEN knowledge.
一个繁荣的商业参与者必须获得竞争优势,才能生存并主导市场。在日本,电力市场从2000年开始逐步开放,2016年全面开放,允许所有消费者自由选择电力零售商。为了应对这些商业环境的巨大变化,我们积极引入改善和数字技术,以获得竞争优势。KAIZEN是在日本汽车制造业中引入的,其哲学理念是“没有什么是现状,一切都可以通过绞尽脑汁不断改进”。简单地说,它是一种提高效率的增值工作,消除非增值工作和我们不能认识到的浪费和损失的举措。此外,数字技术的进步使我们能够更容易、更详细地分析过去储存的大数据。由于引进了改善和数字化技术,火电厂的定期检查时间缩短了40%以上,维护成本降低了30%以上。本文阐述了我们实施KAIZEN和数字技术的举措的细节,以及我们在应用KAIZEN知识优化LNG价值链方面面临的挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Surface Controlled Subsurface Safety Valve Refurbishment, In-house 表面控制的地下安全阀翻新,内部
Pub Date : 2019-11-11 DOI: 10.2118/197453-ms
Mohamed Mubarak Al-Ghaferi, Fawzi Omar Al Jaberi, M. Albadi, A. Yugay, Anubhav Agarwal, Yohannes Fisher Pangestu
Downhole Safety Valve is an integral part of Well Integrity Mangement System and acts as a failsafe equipment to prevent uncontrolled release of reservoir fluids. Periodic inspection and maintenance of downhole Safety Valve is essential under normal service conditions. Each Downhole Safety Valve should be tested and lubricated at specified regular intervals as recommended by ADNOCs Standard Operating Procedure and as dictated by field experience. Since it is a Critical Safety Equipment, preventive maintenance of Wireline Retrievable type downhole Safety Valve is being carried out annually which involves valve retrieval, leak/function test and redressing if required. Current practice within ADNOC Onshore is to carry out redressing with third party for all Wireline Retrievable Safety Valve annually or in case they are observed to be passing (not meeting the maximum acceptable gas leak rate of 15 scf/min for gas and 400 cc/min for liquid) or do not pass function test carried out during 6 monthly and yearly Preventive Maintenance Schedule. The cost incurred for third party redressing is substantial and can be optimized by evaluating the possibility of carrying out redressing in-house with available resources and using Original Equipment Manufacturer redress kit in situations where internal leak is not observed in the valve and valve can be redressed without the need to open tension spring and flow tube which requires extensive redressing setup available with third party. The new proposal helped in saving cost and time for redressing by utilizing the available resources and formalising in-house redressing wherever applicable under compliance to ADNOC Onshore competent authority guidelines.
井下安全阀是井筒完整性管理系统的重要组成部分,是防止储层流体失控释放的故障保护设备。在正常使用条件下,对井下安全阀进行定期检查和维护是十分必要的。每个井下安全阀都应按照adnoc的标准操作程序和现场经验的要求,定期进行测试和润滑。由于电缆可回收式井下安全阀是一种关键的安全设备,因此每年都要对其进行预防性维护,包括阀门回收、泄漏/功能测试和必要的修复。ADNOC陆上公司目前的做法是,每年与第三方一起对所有电缆可回收安全阀进行修复,或者如果观察到它们通过(未达到可接受的气体泄漏率15 scf/min和液体400 cc/min),或者未通过6个月和每年预防性维护计划中进行的功能测试。第三方修复所产生的成本是巨大的,可以通过评估利用现有资源进行内部修复的可能性来优化,并在没有观察到阀门内部泄漏的情况下使用原始设备制造商修复套件,并且阀门可以在不需要打开张力弹簧和流管的情况下进行修复,这需要第三方提供大量的修复装置。新提案通过利用现有资源,并在符合ADNOC陆上主管当局指导方针的情况下,在适用的情况下正式进行内部补救,有助于节省成本和时间。
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引用次数: 1
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